Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
We provide new insights into the geochemistry of serpentinites from the Alpine orogenic wedge representing a paleo-subduction zone. These serpentinites are derived from similar oceanic protoliths, but they have experienced different metamorphic conditions related to three different structural levels of the paleo-subduction zone ((1) obducted: Chenaillet ophiolite, (2) accretionary wedge: Queyras Schistes lustrés complex and (3) serpentinite channel: Monviso ophiolite). Metamorphism undergone by these three units is well defined, increasing eastward from sub-greenschist to eclogite facies conditions, and allows us to examine trace element behavior from the oceanic ridge environment to subduction. Serpentinites first record moderate trace element enrichment due to seawater interaction resulting in the replacement of olivine and pyroxene by chrysotile and lizardite below 300 °C. In the sediment-dominated accretionary wedge, serpentinites are strongly enriched in fluid-mobile-elements (B, Li, As, Sb, and Cs) and act as a trapping system following the metamorphic gradient (from 300 to 390 °C) up to total replacement of the lizardite/chrysotile assemblage by antigorite. Under higher temperature conditions (T > 390 °C), no enrichment was observed, and some fluid-mobile elements were released (B, Li, Cs, and Sr). Moreover, in the serpentinite channel (T > 460 °C), most of the fluid-mobile elements are absent due to the scarcity of metasediments which prevent geochemical exchange between metasediments and serpentinites. This is also due to the onset of antigorite breakdown and the release of fluid-mobile elements. Thus, we emphasize that the geochemistry of Alpine serpentinites is strongly dependent on (1) the grade of metamorphism and (2) the ability of metasediments to supply fluid-mobile elements. We conclude that serpentinites act as a trap-and-release system for fluid-mobile elements in a subduction context.
ISSN: 0009-2541

hal-00996839
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00996839
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.02.008

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The Tso Morari serpentinites in the Ladakh area, northwest Himalaya, originated from the forearc mantle overlying the northward subducting Neo-Tethys lithosphere and the margin of the Indian continent. The serpentinites are characterized by high concentration of fluid-mobile elements (FME: As, Sb, B, Li, and U) compared to ophiolitic or abyssal serpentinites. The Pb isotopic compositions of serpentinites show influence of the subducted Indian continental lithosphere. Trace element concentrations of antigorite determined in situ with Laser Ablation High Resolution Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometer (LA-HR-ICP-MS) show high contents of FME including Pb, in contrast to the spatially associated iron oxides. Rare earth elements (REE) and compatible elements, such as Sc and Co, remained immobile during the hydration, allowing the identification of the primary minerals (olivine or orthopyroxene) from which serpentine formed. Serpentinized olivine displays higher Sb and As concentrations (up to 1000 x PM) than serpentinized orthopyroxenes that are enriched in Pb, Cs and Li (2 to up to 10 x PM).;We propose that the observed FME distribution in two types of serpentine reflect the differential incorporation of FME during the downward movement of the serpentinite along the subduction plane. At temperature lower than 400 degrees C, at shallow depths, olivine is preferentially serpentinized and incorporates elements that are fluid soluble at low temperatures, such as Sb and As. Above 400 degrees C, orthopyroxene is hydrated and incorporates Pb, Cs, Li and possibly Ba. Boron and U are incorporated in both types of serpentine suggesting that they are released from slabs at temperatures around 300-400 degrees C. The serpentine acts as a sink for water, but also for FME and transports them to deeper and hotter levels in the mantle, down to the isotherm 600-650 degrees C where dehydration occurs.
ISSN: 0009-2541

hal-00475565
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00475565
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.10.002

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : Understanding chemical element mobility during high-pressure metamorphism is paramount to the knowledge of the transformations occurring during the course of eclogite-facies metamorphism. In particular, the role of deformation and fluid circulation appear essential. In order to better decipher this role, we investigated two eclogite-facies samples from the Lindas Nappe in the Bergen arcs (Norwegian Caledonides), which are related to a fluid/deformation metamorphic event. This study, based on detailed microtextural investigations, coupled with major and trace element analyses, either in situ EMPA and LA-ICP-MS or by conventional ICP-MS nebulisation on mineral fractions, illustrates the complexity of chemical reactions accompanying the eclogite- and amphibolite-facies metamorphism. A single eclogite-facies mineral species two eclogite-facies (i.e. phengite and epidote) depicts various chemical features depending on its textural location at thin-section scale. The correlation with the mineralogical reaction occurring in each textural site demonstrates that the compositional variations are inherited from the precursor minerals. Thus, the composition of eclogite-facies minerals is locally controlled by the composition of few hundred-micron domains. On the contrary, alteration phases of the amphibolite facies (symplectite and calcic amphibole) display clear enrichment in LILE, Pb, Sr and LREE compared to their precursor minerals (omphacite and garnet). This supports that the transport of elements at hand-sample scale was enhanced during the retrogression and elements were efficiently delocalised from one textural site to another. The contrasting behaviour of element mobility between peak eclogite-facies metamorphism and retrogression can be explained in terms of rate processes and fluid/deformation activity. During eclogitisation,deformation allows the formation of textural and mineralogical microdomains. Contemporaneously the fluid circulation favours the development of heterogeneities by transport of elements in excess towards areas protected from deformation where phengite-bearing quartz lenses crystallise. This, together with the very fast recrystallisation of eclogite-facies minerals, results in a heterogeneous redistribution of elements at sample scale and in a chemical disequilibrium between different microdomains of hundred-micron size. During retrogression in the amphibolite facies, coeval with long-term ductile deformation, the fluids act as an efficient vector to redistribute the elements from a given textural site to another and, thus, allow to reach, at hand-sample scale, a new chemical equilibrium between the different crystallising phases.
ISSN: 0024-4937

hal-00404602
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00404602
DOI : 10.1016/j.lithos.2006.10.001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
At Cima di Gagnone, garnet peridotite and chlorite harzburgite lenses within pelitic schists and gneisses correspond to eclogite-facies breakdown products of hydrated peridotites and are suitable for studying dehydration of serpentinized mantle. Thermobarometry and pseudosection modelling yield peak temperatures of 750-850°C and pressures <3 GPa. The minimum temperature recorded by the garnet peridotite corresponds to the maximum conditions experienced by the chlorite harzburgite, suggesting that these rocks recrystallized cofacially at ∼800°C. Alternatively, they might have decoupled during subduction, as achieved in tectonically active plate interface boundaries. The major and rare earth element (REE) variability of the peridotites was mostly acquired during pre-subduction mantle evolution as a result of partial melting and reactive melt flow. The ultramafic suite is also characterized by fluid-mobile element enrichments (B, Pb, As, Sb, Cs, Li, U, Be), which confirm derivation from variably serpentinized protoliths. Similarity in the U, Pb, B, Li and Sr contents of the Gagnone peridotites to present-day oceanic serpentinites suggests that these elements were partly taken up during initial serpentinization by seawater-derived fluids. Positive Be, As and Sb anomalies suggest involvement of fluids equilibrated with crustal (metasedimentary) reservoirs during subsequent subduction metamorphism and peridotite entrainment in (meta)sediments. Fluid-mobile element enrichment characterizes all peak eclogitic minerals, implying that multiple hydration events and element influx pre-dated the eclogite-facies dehydration. Peak anhydrous minerals retain B, Li, As and Sb concentrations exceeding primitive mantle values and may introduce geochemical anomalies into the Earth's mantle. The relatively low contents of large ion lithophile elements and light REE in the Gagnone peridotites with respect to much higher enrichments shown by metasomatized garnet peridotite pods hosted in migmatites (Ulten Zone, Eastern Alps) suggest that the crustal rocks at Gagnone did not experience partial melting. The Gagnone garnet peridotite, despite showing evidence for chlorite dehydration, retains significant amounts of fluid-mobile elements documenting that no partial melting occurred upon chlorite breakdown. We propose that the Gagnone ultramafic rocks represent a prime example of multi-stage peridotite hydration and subsequent dehydration in a plate interface setting.
ISSN: 0022-3530

hal-01054319
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01054319
DOI : 10.1093/petrology/egt068

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy B - Oxford Open Option A Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
Peridotites exhumed in the footwall of axial detachment faults at slow-spreading ridges are highly serpentinized. Most mid-ocean ridge detachment settings are magmatically active and hydrous fluid circulation in and near the fault has been shown to be influenced by the presence of melt or magmatic lithologies. Our working area along the Southwest Indian Ridge (62–65°E) is nearly amagmatic and represents an end-member to study the hydrous alteration of exhumed peridotites without these magmatic influences. We use an integrated petrological approach combining microstructural, mineralogical and chemical observations to unravel the sequence of serpentinization in 272 dredged samples of variably serpentinized peridotites and to document the circulation of serpentinizing fluids in and near the exhumation faults. We find that serpentine recrystallization and veins overprint the initial serpentinite mesh texture in ∼25% of the samples. Oxygen isotope data suggest that this sequence developed at relatively high temperatures (271–336°C) and under increasing fluid–rock ratios, from near stoichiometry for mesh texture formation to >10 during recrystallization. Increasing fluid supersaturation relative to serpentine favors the replacement of mesh texture lizardite by chrysotile and polygonal or polyhedral serpentine. We attribute local recrystallization into antigorite to moderate Si-metasomatism, possibly following pyroxene serpentinization. We do not observe the more pronounced Si-metasomatism leading to talc replacing serpentine that is reported for the more magmatically active Mid-Atlantic Ridge detachment settings and is attributed to prior leaching of magmatic rocks. Scales of preferential fluid pathways in our samples evolved from pervasive and close-spaced (<500 µm) microfractures during the formation of the initial serpentine mesh texture, to centimeter-thick planar domains of enhanced fluid flux, spaced at ∼10 cm intervals and probably grouped in corridors that may be up to ∼100 m across. Serpentine minerals are enriched in some fluid-mobile elements (Cl, B, U) relative to the peridotite protolith, and several elements (Al, Fe, Si, Cu, As, Sb, REE) are redistributed at the millimeter to decimeter scale. Serpentinizing fluids were seawater-derived, probably mildly alkaline (small to no europium anomalies), reducing and H2-enriched (formation of magnetite). These fluids may have been similar to, though warmer than, those venting at the ultramafic-hosted Lost City hydrothermal fluid (30°N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge).
ISSN: 0022-3530

hal-01174047
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01174047
DOI : 10.1093/petrology/egv014

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Serpentinites form by hydration of mantle peridotite and constitute the largest potential reservoir of fluid-mobile elements entering subduction zones. Isotope ratios of one such element, boron, distinguish fluid contributions from crustal versus serpentinite sources. Despite 85% of boron hosted within abyssal peridotite being lost at the onset of subduction at the lizardite-to-antigorite transition, a sufficient cargo of boron to account for the composition of island arc magma is retained (c. 7 μg g− 1, with a δ11B of + 22‰) until the down-going slab reaches the antigorite-out isograd. At this point a 11B-rich fluid, capable of providing the distinctive δ11B signature of island arc basalts, is released. Beyond the uniquely preserved antigorite-out isograd in serpentinites from Cerro del Almirez, Betic Cordillera, Spain, the prograde lithologies (antigorite–chlorite–orthopyroxene–olivine serpentinite, granofels-texture chlorite-harzburgite and spinifex-texture chlorite-harzburgite) have very different boron isotope signatures (δ11B = − 3 to + 6‰), but with no significant difference in boron concentration compared to the antigorite-serpentinite on the low P–T side of the isograd. 11B-rich fluid, which at least partly equilibrated with pelagic sediments, is implicated in the composition of these prograde lithologies, which dehydrated under open-system conditions. Serpentinite-hosted boron lost during the early stages of dehydration is readily incorporated into forearc peridotite. This, in turn, may be dragged to sub-arc depths as a result of subduction erosion and incorporated in a mélange comprising forearc serpentinite, altered oceanic crust and pelagic sediment. At the antigorite-out isograd it dehydrates, thus potentially providing an additional source of 11B-rich fluids.
ISSN: 0009-2541

hal-01172276
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01172276
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.03.015

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Mineralogical Society of America
Résumé : International audience
Accessory phases are important hosts of trace elements; allanite may contain >90% of the REE in a bulk rock. The mobility and redistribution of several trace elements, notably HREE, Th, U, and Y is thus controlled by reactions involving allanite and other REE phases, as well as several rock-forming minerals. As these elements are commonly concentrated in mature elastic sediments, a suite of impure quartzite was studied. Two eclogite facies samples from the Monometamorphic Cover Complex of the Sesia Zone (Western Italian Alps) are presented in some detail, as they reveal a remarkably rich spectrum of reaction relationships that involve REE phases.;Two allanite-forming reactions were inferred from textures and phase compositions;(1) monazite + Ca-silicate(?) + fluid -> allanite + apatite + thorite;;(2) monazite + thorite + Ca-silicate(?) + fluid -> Th-rich allanite + auerlite +/- apatite.;Petrographic observations and thermodynamic models suggest that allanite entered the HP assemblage at similar to 530 degrees C and 17-18 kbar during prograde metamorphism.;In one sample, allanite is rimmed by epidote rich in Y and HREE that grew at the expense of xenotime. Two net transfer reactions were derived;(3) xenotime + allanite + fluid -> Y-rich epidote + apatite + thorite;;(4) xenotime + allanite + fluid -> Y-rich epidote + aeschynite + thorite + (phosphate?).;Textural relationships and trace element analyses of coexisting allanite/monazite and xenotime/Y-rich epidote reveal systematic partitioning of the REE. Partition coefficients for the HREE are compatible with equilibrium fractionation, whereas those for the LREE show patterns that seem to be inherited from the precursor phases, in this case zircon with variable LREE composition.
ISSN: 0003-004X

hal-00745674
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00745674
DOI : 10.2138/am.2012.3832

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Serpentinites from subduction environments represent an important sink for fluid-mobile elements. In order to constrain geochemical behavior of fluid-mobile elements hosted by serpentine phases during subduction processes, we carried out a geochemical study (trace elements and Pb isotopes) of a series of serpentinites and cumulates from the accretionary wedge of Greater Caribbean (Cuba and Dominican Republic). The trace element compositions of the primary and alteration-related phases were analyzed in situ using LA-HR-ICP-MS techniques. The studied samples represent parts of the subducted proto-Atlantic oceanic lithosphere, which has experienced low to high grade metamorphism (greenschist to eclogite facies), before being exhumed; a subset of these samples were derived from the mantle wedge. This sampling provides the opportunity to trace the chemical mobility of fluid-mobile elements during prograde metamorphism along a cold geotherm in an oceanic subduction setting.
ISSN: 0009-2541

hal-00720895
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00720895
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.04.009

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Over the last decades, numerous studies have emphasized the role of serpentinites in the subduction zone geodynamics. Their presence and role in subduction environments are recognized through geophysical, geochemical and field observations of modern and ancient subduction zones and large amounts of geochemical database of serpentinites have been created. Here, we present a review of the geochemistry of serpentinites, based on the compilation of ~ 900 geochemical data of abyssal, mantle wedge and exhumed serpentinites after subduction. The aim was to better understand the geochemical evolution of these rocks during their subduction as well as their impact in the global geochemical cycle. When studying serpentinites, it is essential to determine their protoliths and their geological history before serpentinization. The geochemical data of serpentinites shows little mobility of compatible and rare earth elements (REE) at the scale of hand-specimen during their serpentinization. Thus, REE abundance can be used to identify the protolith for serpentinites, as well as magmatic processes such as melt/rock interactions before serpentinization. In the case of subducted serpentinites, the interpretation of trace element data is difficult due to the enrichments of light REE, independent of the nature of the protolith. We propose that enrichments are probably not related to serpentinization itself, but mostly due to (sedimentary-derived) fluid/rock interactions within the subduction channel after the serpentinization. It is also possible that the enrichment reflects the geochemical signature of the mantle protolith itself which could derive from the less refractory continental lithosphere exhumed at the ocean-continent transition. Additionally, during the last ten years, numerous analyses have been carried out, notably using in situ approaches, to better constrain the behavior of fluid-mobile elements (FME; e.g. B, Li, Cl, As, Sb, U, Th, Sr) incorporated in serpentine phases. The abundance of these elements provides information related to the fluid/rock interactions during serpentinization and the behavior of FME, from their incorporation to their gradual release during subduction. Serpentinites are considered as a reservoir of the FME in subduction zones and their role, notably on arc magma composition, is underestimated presently in the global geochemical cycle.
ISSN: 0024-4937

hal-00903601
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00903601
DOI : 10.1016/j.lithos.2013.05.019

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD AGU and the Geochemical Society
Résumé : Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 9, p. Q12001, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002098
International audience
Rb/Sr, 40Ar/39Ar, and Sm/Nd isotopic data are reported in Caledonian eclogites from the Lindås Nappe, Bergen Arcs, Norway, in order to investigate processes controlling isotopic equilibrium at mineral scale in polymetamorphic rocks. The Bergen Arcs exposes Sveconorwegian ∼950–930 Ma granulites, partially overprinted by Caledonian eclogite-facies metamorphism at ∼425 Ma and amphibolite-facies metamorphism at ∼410 Ma. Geochemical and Rb-Sr data from more than 10 phengite fractions separated from one sample reflect the composition of the microdomain (a few hundred microns in size) in which phengite crystallized. Phengite crystallized after garnet or plagioclase by dissolution-precipitation processes yield apparent age between 700 and 600 Ma. At the time of their crystallization, these phengites inherited the isotopic composition of their precursor minerals, at a microdomain scale. Phengite from quartz veins, which crystallized from elements mobilized by the circulating fluid, yield an age closer to the eclogite-facies metamorphic age. The closed system evolution of the eclogitizing fluid, the segregation of textural and reactional microdomains, the high Sr content of the studied phengite, and the short duration of the recrystallization processes (<1Ma) are interpreted as the main factors responsible for the lack of a Rb/Sr isotopic equilibrium, at the scale of hand samples. Such equilibrium is nevertheless reached in quartz veins where the crystallization of minerals implies that the fluid circulation acted as a factor of isotopic homogenization. The in situ single mineral Ar/Ar datings revealed that both eclogite- and amphibolite-facies minerals are characterized by an excess of radiogenic argon (ages between 425 and 520 Ma). The excess of argon has been inherited from the previous granulite and has been only partially evacuated from the system by the circulating fluid. The apparent Sm/Nd ages from garnets inherited from the granulite-facies metamorphism (c. 930 Ma) are in agreement with previous estimates. This result confirms that the diffusion of Nd in garnet does not occur at temperatures lower than 700°C. This study highlights the complexity of radiochronometer behavior during HP metamorphism and demonstrates that coupling different radiochronometers, such as Ar/Ar and Rb/Sr, does not always guarantee the validity of the geochronological results.
ISSN: 1525-2027

hal-00407885
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00407885
DOI : 10.1029/2008GC002098

Éditeur(s) : Oxford Univ Press
Résumé : In subduction zones, melting and dehydration of the subducted slab introduce material into the mantle wedge and modify its chemical and isotopic composition. As a consequence, island arc lavas differ significantly from mid-ocean ridge basalts and ocean island basalts. In some arcs, the composition of lavas is strongly influenced by the sedimentary material introduced with the slab; in others, magma composition is mainly affected by aqueous fluids released by the slab. The Lesser Antilles arc is known for its extreme continental-crust-like signature but for some Lesser Antilles lavas subducted sediments are barely involved and enrichment in fluid-mobile elements (Ba, U, Sr, Pb, etc.) is the dominant feature. Here we evaluate whether La/Sm is a quantitative proxy of sediment involvement in volcanic arcs, and we relate dehydration and melting processes to the temperature and pressure conditions of the slab. We use Martinique as a case study because in this island both dehydration and sediment melting fingerprints coexist. We measured major and trace elements for about 130 age-constrained samples, carefully chosen to cover all volcanic phases of Martinique (25 Ma to present). Using these results we demonstrate that: (1) weathering does not modify the La/Sm ratio; (2) fractional crystallization of amphibole and/or garnet does not increase La/Sm by more than 20%; (3) rare earth element transfer from wall-rock to magma during fractionation is not significant; (4) melting of the mantle source increases La/Sm by only about 20%. As a consequence, we show that the proportion of slab sediment incorporated in the mantle wedge controls the La/Sm ratio of the source. The observed correlations between La/Sm and Nd and Hf isotopic compositions indicate that the effect of sediment addition is the overwhelming factor: La/Sm is a good proxy for slab sediment proportion in Martinique. We observe a geographical gradient between slab dehydration and sediment melting on the island. Whereas lavas located on the western side of the island display a clear sedimentary input in their source, lavas located on the eastern side of the island, closer to the trench, are clearly influenced by dehydration of the subducted slab. In addition, the aqueous fluids clearly come from the subducted basalt and they did not interact with the overlying sediments. The influence of sediment added to the source of the magmas increases from the eastern part to the western part of the island. We relate this geographical change to the pressure and temperature conditions at the slab surface. Sediments probably cross their solidus under Martinique and hydrous melting is triggered. Finally, we show that under all volcanic arcs where the signature of sediments overwhelms the signature of fluids, the slab surface reaches P-T conditions that allow the subducted sediments to melt. Inversely, under most volcanic arcs where the signal of aqueous fluids dominates over sediment melts, the subducted slab is not hot enough for the sedimentary pile to melt.
Journal Of Petrology (0022-3530) (Oxford Univ Press), 2012-12 , Vol. 53 , N. 12 , P. 2441-2464

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00113/22392/20234.pdf
DOI:10.1093/petrology/egs055
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00113/22392/

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Science Bv
Résumé : Here we present a new geochemical study of Lopevi volcano, one the most active volcanoes in the Vanuatu island arc. We focus on the temporally well-defined sequence of lava flows emitted since 1960, and for the first time, on pre-1960 volcanic products, including high-MgO basalts and felsic andesites, the most evolved lavas sampled so far on this island. This work reports the first Pb and Hf isotopic study of lavas from Lopevi island. These lavas display correlations between differentiation indexes such as SiO2 content and isotopic ratios. The felsic andesites extend the known correlations with both the least (Sr-Pb) and the most (Nd-Hf) radiogenic isotopic compositions on the island. Our results confirm that the rising magma interacted with the sub-arc crust. Assimilation-Fractional Crystallization (AFC) quantitative modeling of trace element ratios and isotopic compositions requires 1% and 10% of assimilated partial melts of a mafic oceanic crust to account for the pre- and post-1960 lavas, respectively. The post-1960 lavas differ from the former lavas emitted similar to 20 years earlier by enrichments in fluid mobile elements (K, Ba, Rb ... ), Th, and Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE). We ascribe these features to slight variations in the metasomatic agent added to the sub-arc mantle and ultimately derived from the subducted lithosphere. However, the contrasting time scales involved in subducted lithosphere dehydration and magma genesis, relative to the time elapsed between eruptions of the two lava series, suggest that two different portions of mantle which have undergone slightly different metasomatism, gave birth to the Lopevi lavas. These distinct magmas are still present beneath the volcano.
Journal Of Volcanology And Geothermal Research (0377-0273) (Elsevier Science Bv), 2013-08 , Vol. 264 , P. 72-84

Droits : 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00167/27801/26223.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.07.005
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00167/27801/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Recent geochemical work shows that subduction-zone serpentinites are repositories for fluid-mobile elements absorbed during interaction with sediment-derived fluids. Unraveling the geochemical fingerprint of these rocks helps to define timing of tectonic accretion of sediments along the subduction interface and the role of serpentinite in element recycling to volcanic arcs. Here we present the trace element and isotopic composition (B–O–H, Sr, Pb) of high-pressure serpentinites from the Voltri Massif (Ligurian Western Alps, Italy), to discuss their role as incompatible element carriers and their contribution to recycling of sediment-derived components in subduction zones.The serpentinites presented here record metamorphic olivine growth during eclogite-facies metamorphism and show undeformed and mylonitic textures. Field relations show that undeformed rocks are enclosed in deformed ones and that no metasedimentary rocks are present nearby. Undeformed serpentinite has very high δ11BSRM951 (from +26‰ to +30‰), low Sr and Pb isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7053–0.7069; 206Pb/204Pb = 18.131–18.205) and low As and Sb contents (0.1 and 0.01 μg/g, respectively). Oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions are +4.5‰ and −67‰, respectively. In contrast, mylonitic serpentinite shows lower δ11B (from +22‰ to +17‰), significant enrichment in radiogenic Sr and Pb isotopes (87Sr/86Sr up to 0.7105; 206Pb/204Pb up to 18.725), and enrichment in As and Sb (1.3 and 0.39 μg/g, respectively). δ18O of the mylonitic serpentinites reaches values of +5.9‰, whereas δD is comparable with that of undeformed rocks (approximately −70‰). In mylonitic serpentinites, the B and Sr isotopic values and the fluid-mobile element (FME) concentrations are near those for the Voltri metasedimentary rocks (calc- and mica-schists). Pb systematics also reveal influx of a crust-derived component.Our dataset shows that undeformed serpentinite still preserves an oceanic geochemical fingerprint, whereas mylonitic serpentinite is reset in its concentrations of FME and its B, Sr and Pb isotope compositions, due to interaction with sediment- and crust-derived fluids. The environment of this interaction is either compatible with (i) an outer-rise zone setting, with percolation of seawater-derived fluids enriched in sedimentary components into bending-related fault structures, or with (ii) subduction channel domains, where ascending sediment-derived slab fluids infiltrate slices of former oceanic serpentinite accreted to the plate interface domain. Influx of sediment-derived subduction fluids along major deformation zones in serpentinite modifies the element budget of the rocks, with important implications for element recycling and the tectonic history of serpentinite. The B, Sr and Pb isotopic systematics, coupled with FME concentration in serpentinites are particularly helpful geochemical tracers of interaction between different reservoirs in subduction-interface environments, and are more sensitive than the traditionally applied stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions.
ISSN: 0016-7037

hal-01419940
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01419940
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2016.06.034

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Serpentinites are one of the major components of the oceanic lithosphere and are stable in the slab and the mantle wedge up to 100-150 km depth in subduction zones. During oceanic mantle hydration and alteration, they trap trace and fluid mobile (FME: B, Li, As, Sb, Rb, Ba, Cs, Sr, U and Pb) elements that participate to elemental transfer occurring between the dehydrating slab and the mantle wedge in subduction context. The Lanzo massif is an eclogitized oceanic lithosphere that preserved its oceanic structure and recorded different steps of serpentinization/de-serpentinization from oceanic lizardite to prograde antigorite in subduction context, up to its dehydration and secondary olivine crystallization, and finally retrograde antigorite during massif exhumation. It constitutes a suitable place to study trace element behavior during serpentinization/de-serpentinization processes and associated chemical transfers between the different envelopes of the oceanic lithosphere and the mantle wedge. Geochemical analyses of serpentine and associated minerals show that the serpentinization/de-serpentinization of the Lanzo massif took place in a relatively closed system without significant trace element transfer between the different parts of the oceanic lithosphere. In the deeper part of the lithosphere, from the slightly serpentinized mantle peridotites (SSP, < 20% serpentinization) to the paleo-Moho, composed of massive serpentinites (MS, 80% serpentinization), the trace elements mobility is reduced. The chemical composition of lizardite and antigorite is homogenized with the local degree of serpentinization: in SSP, serpentine veins composition is inherited from the host mineral while, in MS, their composition is homogenous between destabilized phases at the scale of the outcrop (~ 5 m). In the shallowest part of the oceanic lithosphere, from the paleo-Moho to the oceanic paleo-seafloor, the serpentinites are foliated (FS, > 90% serpentinization). In that zone, the alpine deformation enhances the mobility of trace elements and permits their redistribution and the homogenization of antigorite composition at massif scale. Locally, in the SSP and MS, the crystallization of metamorphic veins of ~ 1-2 m corresponds to channelized fluid flows that allowed fluid transfers - and thereby trace elements - to longer distance. The successive crystallizations of antigorite and then olivine are accompanied by a diminution of some FME (B, Li, As, Sb, Ba, Rb) and Eu contents attesting that these elements are removed from slab to mantle wedge during subduction.
ISSN: 0009-2541

hal-00937661
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00937661
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.08.025

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Tectonic mixing of slab- and mantle-derived materials at the interface between converging plates highly enhances fluid-mediated mass transfer from the slab to the overlying mantle. Subduction mélanges can provide information about the interaction among different slices accreted at plate interface domains, with implications on the tectonic and geochemical evolution of the plate-interface itself. At Cima di Gagnone, pelitic schists and gneiss enclose chlorite harzburgite and garnet peridotite lenses, like in subduction mélanges located in-between downgoing slabs and overlying mantle. These peridotites host MORB-type eclogite and metarodingite, and derive from dehydration of serpentinized mantle protoliths. Their enrichment in fluid-mobile B, As, Sb, U, Th is the result of an early-stage oceanic serpentinization, followed by interaction with host metasediments during subduction burial. Here we define the element exchange process in the Gagnone mélange by means of the B, Sr and Pb isotope analysis of its main lithologies (ultramafic, mafic rocks and paragneiss). The 87Sr/86Sr and 206Pb/204Pb ratios of ultramafic rocks (0.7090–0.7124 and 18.292–18.837, respectively) show enrichments in radiogenic Sr and Pb after exchange with the host paraschist (up to 0.7287 87Sr/86Sr; 18.751 206Pb/204Pb). The δ11B values of peridotites (down to −10‰) point to a combined effect of (1) 11B release to deserpentinization fluids (serpentinized protoliths likely had positive δ11B and lower radiogenic Sr, Pb), and of (2) exchange with fluids from the surrounding metasediments. The whole Gagnone rock-suite is finally overprinted by retrograde fluids that essentially bring to an increase in radiogenic Pb (about 19.0 206Pb/204Pb) and to values of 0.710 87Sr/86Sr and of −10‰ δ11B. The recognition of different stages of interaction between mantle rocks and sedimentary/crustal reservoirs allows us to define the geochemical effects related to the early coupling of such rocks along the plate-interface. Our study shows that ultramafic rocks involved in subduction-zone metamorphism and serpentinization uptake radiogenic Pb and Sr released by associated sedimentary reservoirs. The exchange process envisioned here is not only representative of subduction mélanges: it can also be a proxy of mass transfer between slab and serpentinized supra-subduction mantle, as occurs in forearcs. Dehydration of the Gagnone-type serpentinized mantle releases crust-derived components to arcs, without direct involvement of metasediment dehydration and/or melting in subarc environments. The retention of appreciable amounts of fluid-mobile elements, radiogenic Pb and Sr in dehydrated Gagnone peridotites has implications on element recycling in the deep Earth’s mantle.
ISSN: 0016-7037

hal-01174137
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01174137
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2015.04.024

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Spinel lherzolite xenoliths from Mont Briancon, French Massif Central, retain evidence for multiple episodes of melt depletion and melt/fluid infiltration (metasomatism). Evidence for primary melt depletion is still preserved in the co-variation of bulk-rock major elements (MgO 38.7-46.1 wt.%; CaO 0.9-3.6 wt.%), and many samples yield unradiogenic bulk-rock Os isotope ratios (Os-187/Os-188 = 0.11541-0.12626). However, many individual xenoliths contain interstitial glasses and melt inclusions that are not in equilibrium with the major primary minerals. Incompatible trace element mass balance calculations demonstrate that metasomatic components comprise a significant proportion of the bulk-rock budget for these elements in some rocks, ranging to as much as 25%, of Nd and 40% of Sr Critically, for Re-Os geochronology, melt/fluid infiltration is accompanied by the mobilisation of Sulfide. Consequently, bulk-rock isotope measurements, whether using lithophile (e.g. Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd) or siderophile (Re-Os) based isotope systems, may only yield a perturbed and/or homogenised average of these multiple events.;Osmium mass balance calculations demonstrate that bulk-rock Os in peridotite is dominated by contributions from two populations of sulfide grain: (i) interstitial, metasomatic Sulfide with low [Os] and radiogenic Os-187/Os-188, and (ii) primary sulfides with high [Os] and unradiogenic Os-187/Os-188, which have been preserved within host silicate grains and shielded from interaction with transient melts and fluid. The latter can account for >97% of bulk-rock Os and preserve geochronological information of the melt from which they originally precipitated as an immiscible liquid. The Re-depletion model ages of individual primary sulfide grains preserve evidence for melt depletion beneath the Massif Central from at least 1.8 Gyr ago despite the more recent metasomatic event(s). (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN: 0016-7037

hal-00454537
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00454537
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2009.09.031

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley-Blackwell
Résumé : International audience
Serpentinization of the oceanic lithosphere contributes significantly to the geochemical cycle from spreading ridges to subduction zones. In situ trace element analysis of oceanic serpentinites from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Greater Antilles (Cuba, Dominican Republic) shows that all serpentine minerals are enriched in fluid-mobile elements (FME: As, Sb, B, Li, Cs, Pb, U, Ba, Sr). We observe no loss of these elements from abyssal to subduction environments during prograde metamorphism. Moreover, the transition from lizardite/chrysotile to antigorite during subduction is marked by a strong over-enrichment in As and Sb in antigorite, indicating late contamination by a sedimentary source. This suggests that a second stage of serpentinization occurs in the earlier stages of subduction, when newly formed or reactivated normal faults ease fluid penetration, and/or in the subduction channel. Our study shows that, from spreading ridges to forearc environments, serpentines act as sponges for FME. We posit that, until ultimate antigorite breakdown, serpentinites efficiently transport significant amounts of FME down to great depths in the mantle.
ISSN: 0954-4879

insu-00603792
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00603792
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-3121.2011.00995.x

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Tsavorite, the vanadian variety of green grossular, is a high value economic gemstone. It is hosted exclusively in the metasedimentary formations from the Neoproterozoic Metamorphic Mozambique Belt. The deposits are mined in Kenya, Tanzania and Madagascar and other occurrences are located in Pakistan and East Antarctica. They are located within metasomatized graphitic rocks such as graphitic gneiss and calc-silicates, intercalated with meta-evaporites. Tsavorite is found as primary deposits either in nodule (type I) or in quartz vein (type II), and in placers (type III). The primary mineralizations (types I and II) are controlled by lithostratigraphy and/or structure. For the African occurrences, the protoliths of the host-rocks were deposited at the beginning of the Neoproterozoic within a marine coastal sabkha environment, located at the margin of the Congo-Kalahari cratons in the Mozambique Ocean. During the East African-Antarctican Orogeny, the rocks underwent high amphibolite to granulite facies metamorphism and the formation of tsavorite deposits occurred between 650 and 550 Ma. The nodules of tsavorite were formed during prograde metamorphism, calcium coming from sulphates and carbonates, whereas alumina, silicates, vanadium and chromium probably came from clays and chlorite. The veins were formed during the deformation of the metasedimentary platform units which experienced shearing, leading to the formation of fault-filled veins. Metasomatism developed during retrograde metamorphism. The metasedimentary sequences are characterized by the presence of evaporitic minerals such as gypsum and anhydrite, and scapolite. Evaporites are essential as they provide calcium and permit the mobilization of all the chemical elements for tsavorite formation. The H2S-S8 metamorphic fluids characterized in primary fluid inclusions of tsavorites and the δ11B values of coeval dravite confirm the evaporitic origin of the fluids. The V2O3 and Cr2O3 contents of tsavorite range respectively from 0.05 to 7.5 wt.%, while their δ18O values are in the range of 9.5-21.1‰. The genetic model proposed for tsavorite is metamorphic, based on chemical reactions developed between an initial assemblage composed of gypsum and anhydrite, carbonates and organic matter deposited in a sabkha-like sedimentary basin.
ISSN: 0169-1368

hal-00853279
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00853279
DOI : 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2013.01.016

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
Island arc picrites and boninites are magnesian magmatic rocks believed to be generated by high degrees of melting of depleted mantle sources fluxed by subduction-derived, volatile-rich components. These magmas can be probes of both the mantle wedge protoliths and subduction components, but are rare among other, usually more evolved, types of arc lavas. Furthermore, many arc picrites and boninites show evidence for late-stage differentiation prior to or during eruption, masking their primary, mantle-derived geochemical signatures. We report textural and chemical data on spinel-hosted melt inclusions of mantle origin in amphibole-bearing websterite veins cross-cutting spinel harzburgite xenoliths from the active andesitic Avacha volcano (south Kamchatka, Russia). The data are used to constrain the composition and origin of melts that formed the websterite veins in the sub-arc lithospheric mantle. The melt inclusions typically contain euhedral orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene and occasionally minor amphibole in silicate glass. The melt inclusions were homogenized using heating stages and gas-mixing furnaces. The homogenized glasses range from subalkaline primitive silica-rich picrite and high-Ca boninite (>15 wt % MgO, 48–54 wt % SiO2) to rhyolite. High-Ca boninite glasses have moderate volatile and low heavy rare earth element contents and elevated Cs, Rb, Ba, U, Sr, and Li abundances, with extremely high U/Th. In turn, the glasses display no negative spikes in the high field strength elements Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, and Ti. We show that the silica-rich picrite and high-Ca boninite liquids in this study formed by high degrees of melting (>25%), at volatile under-saturation, of hybrid melt-depleted but silica-rich mantle sources at ≥1·5 GPa. The hybrid sources formed in two stages: first, by extraction of ∼15% melt from the convecting mantle to form a refractory protolith, which was subsequently enriched in silica via interaction with subduction-derived components prior to or during remelting in the mantle wedge. The subduction-derived components were enriched in fluid-mobile elements and probably oxidized. Overall, our results suggest that silica-rich picrites and high-Ca boninites can be primary melts in mature subduction zones and differentiate within the mantle wedge and the deep arc crust to form more evolved andesite magmas.
ISSN: 0022-3530

hal-01553676
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01553676
DOI : 10.1093/petrology/egw066

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Highly siderophile element concentrations (HSE: Re and platinum-group elements (PGE)) are presented for gabbros, gabbroic eclogites and basaltic eclogites from the high-pressure Zermatt-Saas ophiolite terrain, Switzerland. Rhenium and PGE (Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pt, Pd) abundances in gabbro- and eclogite-hosted sulphides, and Re-Os isotopes and elemental concentrations in silicate phases are also reported. This work, therefore, provides whole rock and mineral-scale insights into the PGE budget of gabbroic oceanic crust and the effects of subduction metamorphism on gabbroic and basaltic crust. Chondrite-normalised PGE patterns for the gabbros are similar to published mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB), but show less inter-element fractionation. Mean Pt and Pd contents of 360 and 530 pg/g, respectively, are broadly comparable to MORB, but gabbros have somewhat higher abundances of Os, Ir and Ru (mean: 64, 57 and 108 pg/g). Transformation to eclogite has not significantly changed the concentrations of the PGE, except Pd which is severely depleted in gabbroic eclogites relative to gabbros (similar to 75% loss). In contrast, basaltic eclogites display significant depletion of Pt (>= 60%), Pd (>85%) and Re (50-60%) compared with published MORB, while Os, Ir and Ru abundances are broadly comparable. Thus, these data suggest that only Pt, Pd and Re, and not Os, Ir and Ru, may be significantly fluxed into the mantle wedge from mafic oceanic crust. Re-Os model ages for gabbroic and gabbroic eclogite minerals are close to age estimates for igneous crystallisation and high-pressure metamorphism, respectively, hence the HSE budgets can be related to both igneous and metamorphic behaviour. The gabbroic budget of Os, Ir, Ru and Pd (but not Pt) is dominated by sulphide, which typically hosts >90% of the Os, whereas silicates account for most of the Re (with up to 75% in plagioclase alone). Sulphides in gabbroic eclogites tend to host a smaller proportion of the total Os (10-90%) while silicates are important hosts, probably reflecting Os inheritance from precursor phases. Garnet contains very high Re concentrations and may account for >50% of Re in some samples. The depletion of Pd in gabbroic eclogites appears linked, at least in part, to the loss of Ni-rich sulphide. Both basaltic and gabbroic oceanic crust have elevated Pt/Os ratios, but Pt/Re ratios are not sufficiently high to generate the coupled Os-186-Os-187 enrichments observed in some mantle melts, even without Pt loss from basaltic crust. However, the apparent mobility of Pt and Re in slab fluids provides an alternative mechanism for the generation of Pt- and Re-rich mantle material, recently proposed as a potential source of Os-187-Os-186 enrichment.
ISSN: 0016-7037

hal-00420072
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00420072
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2008.11.036