Éditeur(s) : Musée des Cultures Guyanaises (Cayenne)
Extrait de : Rencontres transfrontalières Oyapock, les 1er et 2 décembre 2012. Université des Antilles et de la Guyane
Description : La production d'objets et de produits usuels ou décoratifs, particulièrement importante chez les populations amazoniennes, trouve un nouveau souffle avec le développement de l'artisanat. En effet, au delà de la dimension économique, le maintien d'une production artisanale contribue à la valorisation et à la transmission de nombreux savoirs, techniques et matériaux traditionnels. A travers les témoignages proposés dans cet atelier et les débats qui s'ensuivront, nous tenterons d'identifier les moyens mis à disposition des artisans en Guyane et au Brésil ainsi que la manière dont est structurée l'offre de produits artisanaux : les réseaux, les circuits commerciaux et les filières de distribution favorisés.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V13112
V13112

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Chlordecone is a persistent organochlorine pesticide that was used in the French West Indies until the early 1990s for banana weevil borer control. Human exposure to this chemical in this area still occurs nowadays due to consumption of contaminated food. Although adverse effects on neurodevelopment, including tremors and memory deficits, have been documented in experimental studies conducted with rodents exposed during the gestational and neonatal periods, no study has been conducted yet to determine if chlordecone alters child development. This study examines the relation of gestational and postnatal exposure to chlordecone to infant development at 18 months of age in a birth-cohort of Guadeloupean children. In a prospective longitudinal study conducted in Guadeloupe (Timoun mother-child cohort study), exposure to chlordecone was measured at birth from an umbilical cord blood sample (n=141) and from a breast milk sample collected at 3 months postpartum (n=75). Toddlers were assessed using an adapted version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire. Higher chlordecone concentrations in cord blood were associated with poorer fine motor scores. When analyses were conducted separately for boys and girls, this effect was only observed among boys. These results suggest that prenatal exposure to chlordecone is associated with specific impairments in fine motor function in boys, and add to the growing evidence that exposure to organochlorine pesticides early in life impairs child development.
ISSN: 0161-813X

hal-00875907
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875907
PUBMED : 23376090
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.01.007

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Hong Kong : World Academic Publishing
Résumé : International audience
In automatic image analysis, when using natural images, it is important to select the elements in a scene that can lead to correct characterization. Extraneous elements can result in poor values in the parameter evaluation for recognition. Irrelevant elements also increase the processing time, because they can be used incorrectly by the algorithms for characterization or identification. The goal of this paper is to offer identification algorithms and characterizations that will allow effective recognition. We base our procedure on the photographer focus areas to identify those relevant elements in a scene. In this work, we propose a procedure to select the relevant shape from natural images. The treatment uses focal depth with edge detectors. The resulting points are combined with a region partition to obtain relevant shapes.
ISSN: 2309-0650

hal-01278550
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01278550

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Deep Sea Research (0146-6291) (Elsevier), 1996 , Vol. 12 , P. 323-334

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00070/18099/15647.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00070/18099/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: The insecticide chlordecone was extensively used in the French West Indies to control banana root borer. Its persistence in soils has led to the widespread pollution of the environment, and human beings are still exposed to this chemical. Chlordecone has been shown to impair neurological and behavioural functions in rodents when exposed gestationally or neonatally. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of prenatal and postnatal exposure to chlordecone on the cognitive, visual, and motor development of 7-month-old infants from Guadeloupe. METHODS: Infants were tested at 7 months (n=153). Visual recognition memory and processing speed were assessed with the Fagan Tests of Infant Intelligence (FTII), visual acuity with the Teller Acuity Card, and fine motor development with the Brunet-Lezine. Samples of cord blood and breast milk at 3 months (n=88) were analyzed for chlordecone concentrations. Postnatal exposure was determined through breast feeding and frequency of contaminated food consumption by the infants. RESULTS: Cord chlordecone concentrations in tertiles were associated with reduced novelty preference on the FTII in the highly exposed group (β=-0.19, p=0.02). Postnatal exposure through contaminated food consumption was marginally related to reduced novelty preference (β=-0.14, p=0.07), and longer processing speed (β=0.16, p=0.07). Detectable levels of chlordecone in cord blood were associated with higher risk of obtaining low scores on the fine motor development scale (OR=1.25, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that pre- and postnatal low chronic exposure to chlordecone is associated with negative effects on cognitive and motor development during infancy.
ISSN: 0013-9351

hal-00875939
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875939
DOI : 10.1016/j.envres.2012.07.006
PUBMED : 22910562

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The modern high topography of the Tianshan resulted from the reactivation of a Paleozoic orogenic belt by the India/Asia collision. Today, the range exhibits tectonically active forelands and intermontane basins. Based on quantitative morphotectonic observations and age constraints derived from cosmogenic 10Be dating, single-grain post-infrared infrared stimulated luminescence (p-IR IRSL) dating and modeling of fault scarp degradation, we quantify the deformation in the Nalati and Bayanbulak intermontane basins in the central Eastern Tianshan. Our results indicate that at least 1.4 mm/yr of horizontal crustal shortening is accommodated within these two basins. This shortening represents over 15% of the 8.5 ± 0.5 mm/yr total shortening rate across the entire range at this longitude. This shortening rate implies that the Eastern Central Tianshan is thickening at a mean rate of ∼1.4 mm/yr, a rate that is significantly higher than the average denudation rate of 0.14 mm/yr derived from our cosmogenic analysis. This discrepancy suggests that the Tianshan range has not yet reached a steady-state topography and remains in a transient state of topographic growth, most likely due to limited denudation rates driven by the arid climate of Central Asia.
ISSN: 0012-821X

insu-01610154
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01610154
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2017.09.025

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Landes Bioscience
Résumé : International audience
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
Autophagy

hal-00735751
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00735751
PUBMED : 22966490

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : National audience
7ème Atelier Fouille de Données Complexes dans un processus d'extraction de connaissances - Complexité liée aux données multiples
Hammamet, Tunisia

hal-00604032
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00604032

Éditeur(s) : Kline Geology Laboratory
Journal Of Marine Research (0022-2402) (Kline Geology Laboratory), 1987-05 , Vol. 45 , N. 2 , P. 461-472

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00070/18107/15656.pdf
DOI:10.1357/002224087788401179
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00070/18107/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The segmentation of digital images of plants is a tricky operation. In the example of a plant image on a unhomogeneous background, i.e. taken in its environment, the colorimetric diversity of the elements of a scene or the large number of forms can amplify the phenomena of over-segmentation. Global segmentation methods such as Mean Shift are then in this case the ones which will give the best results. These methods take into account the totality of the pixels of an image before classifying a point. On the other hand, complexity is increased, because it is necessary to go through the whole image treated, in order to find the mode of the point which one wishes to classify. In this article, we plan to couple the global segmentation with a local method which would take over in the event of obvious classification of a given point. The Mean Shift method is used for this purpose in association with Markov's chains.
Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition (AIPR)
Washington DC, United States

hal-00637143
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00637143
DOI : 10.1109/AIPR.2011.6176338

Résumé : Cette mission faisait suite à une décision prise lors de la réunion du pôle Antilles - Guyane à la Direction Générale de l'IFREMER à Paris en décembre 1988 Elle s'est déroulée à la Martinique, en Guadeloupe, à Trinidad et à la Barbade. L'objectif de la mission était d'évaluer l'état des connaissances actuelles dans les domaines des ressources halieutiques, de la conservation et de l'utilisation des produits de la mer et des aspects économiques liés à ces activités, afin d'apprécier l'opportunité pour IFREMER de développer des recherches sur les possibilités d'expansion de la pêcherie de poissons pélagiques aux Antilles françaises (en particulier celle des grands pélagiques). La mission était composée de trois experts appartenant A la Direction des Ressources Vivantes d'IFREMER • H.FARRUGIO, spécialiste de la dynamique des populations halieutiques de thonidés, F.LANTZ, spécialiste en économie des pêches, et J.L.VALLET, spécialiste en utilisation et valorisation des produits de la mer. [OCR NON CONTRÔLE]

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1988/rapport-4276.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4276/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Ce travail traite de " l'identification de plantes à partir d'images numériques, par champs de gradients ", provenant de capteurs de types variés. Nous avons choisi des méthodes de type global, afin de pré-segmenter efficacement l'image d'une plante. Parmi ces méthodes, celle du Mean Shift permet de s'acquitter des tâches de paramétrisation, mais présente l'inconvénient d'une forte complexité de calcul. Nous proposons deux méthodes pour résoudre ce problème : le Mean Shift avec changement d'échelle et le Mean Shift Markovien dont le but est de limiter le traitement systématique de tous les pixels par la partie Mean Shift. L'application de ces méthodes permet d'obtenir une partition de l'image dans laquelle on recherche les groupes de pixels, matérialisant les parties d'une plante focalisée par le photographe. Pour mettre en évidence ces zones, nous exploitons : la netteté des formes, la position et la densité spatiale des objets dans une image, afin de construire des masques qui représentent les parties d'une plante. À partir de ces masques, nous extrayons un ensemble de caractéristiques issu de la botanique descriptive, regroupé en trois catégories : la colorimétrie, la morphologie et le structurel. Nos choix méthodologiques sont expérimentés sur une base de données d'images, pour obtenir un ensemble de valeurs de caractéristiques appelées descripteurs. Ces descripteurs sont fournis à un système de classeurs basé sur des algorithmes génétiques, afin d'obtenir des règles désignant chaque type de plantes. L'objectif de ces règles est d'associer un score de ressemblance à chaque image de la base de données, en fonction de l'image soumise comme requête au système de reconnaissance.
Journées d'Études et de recherche des Antilles et de la Guyane
Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe

hal-00637788
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00637788

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
OBJECTIVES: To compare virological effectiveness in patients who continued on a virologically successful first-line boosted protease inhibitor (PI)-containing combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) regimen or who switched to a PI-free cART including efavirenz, nevirapine or abacavir. METHODS: From the French Hospital Database on HIV, we selected 439 patients with undetectable viral load (VL) on a first-line boosted PI-containing cART regimen who switched to a PI-free combination including efavirenz, nevirapine or abacavir. Each of these patients was matched with three patients who continued to take their first-line cART regimen, on the basis of gender, age, CD4 cell count, VL, date of cART initiation and the duration of VL undetectability. Time to virological failure (VF) was analysed with Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox models. RESULTS: The 12 month probabilities of VF were 3.7% and 5.7% in non-switch and switch patients, respectively, and 3.9%, 7.2% and 9.0% in patients switching to efavirenz-, nevirapine- and abacavir-containing cART, respectively. After adjustment, only patients switching to abacavir-containing cART had a higher risk of VF than non-switch patients (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.99; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-3.79). CONCLUSIONS: Switching from a virologically successful first-line boosted PI-containing cART regimen to a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-containing cART regimen containing either efavirenz or nevirapine is virologically safe, while switching to abacavir-containing cART should be avoided.
ISSN: 0305-7453

hal-00875284
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875284
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dkr208
PUBMED : 21636583

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
In this paper, we use a segmentation method applied to the plants images analysis. The segmentation gives groups of pixels, and we propose to use merging operators to address the most relevant groups in order to improve the recognitions systems performance. In particular, we use an operator called Pi fully reinforced. The experiments carried out show that the use of Pi improves outcomes for structuring groups of pixels.
Advanced Information Networking and Applications
Fukuoka, Japan

hal-00652125
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00652125
DOI : 10.1109/WAINA.2012.40

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Weather stations are constantly provided with thousands of satellite images with a view to anticipating the progress of natural phenomenons. This constant flow ofinformation requires speed and a strict analysis. Consequently, it is absolutely necessary to implement systems capable of working night and day, in order to make assessments. In this article, we suggest a method relying on pattern recognition investigation techniques, such as segmentation and classification. These techniques will be used to locate and discriminate the banks of clouds coming from images picked up by the GOES geostationary satellite. Treatment of the cloud shapes which have been found can be carried out, using operations, such as mathematical morphology, so as to draw discriminating characteristics. Classifier systems are used in order to interpret the characteristics which have been obtained and to conduct cloud classification.
15th Meeting of the Caribbean Academy of Sciences
Gosier, Guadeloupe

hal-00524903
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00524903

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
We propose in this article a color image segmentation technique based on an optimization of the Mean Shift method. It consists in classifying clusters of data points of a digital image, it does not require any preliminary designation of the number of classes and of their centers. The Mean Shift method applied to a digital color image creates a new image made up of aggregates of points belonging to a finished number of color classes. The complexity of this method based on a global approach of the image is in O(NxN), N being the number of pixels of the image. Our idea consists in applying a change of scale to the image to be segmented, to reduce the quantity of information and, in using a median filter to decrease the number of colors to minimize the complexity of the latter. The comparative study which we present shows that the optimization which we proposed gives better, reliable results than the classic use of the Mean Shift method.
Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems, International Conference
Cracovie, Poland

hal-00508427
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00508427
DOI : 10.1109/CISIS.2010.62

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The fusion of regions from segmentation is often a required step in order to analyze objects in the scene. It allows to group under a same closure property the partitions of an image, which denote the same object. In this way, several studies have been made. Most of the algorithms are based on global information to evaluate the relevance of region combinations and fusion. In this paper, we propose a merging process based on Gestalt vision's theory. The particularity of our method is to preserve photographer's region of interest thanks to the definition of a new criterion based on Di Zenzo gradient. Thus, region fusion preserves photographer's relevant objects of the scene. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using various natural images, including Berkeley image database and its accuracy is shown.
Color and Imaging Conference
San Jose, CA, United States

hal-00637144
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00637144

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Dans cet article, on utilise une méthode de segmentation appliquée à la reconnaissance de végétaux dans des images. La segmentation fournit des groupes de pixels, et nous proposons d'utiliser des opérateurs d'agrégation pour ordonner ces groupes afin d'améliorer les performances du système de reconnaissance. En particulier, on utilise un opérateur totalement renforcé appelé triple pi. Les premiers tests sont réalisés et montrent que l'utilisation du triple pi améliore les résultats pour la structuration des groupes de pixels.
7ème Atelier Fouille de Données Complexes dans un processus d'extraction de connaissances - Complexité liée aux données multiples
Hammamet, Tunisia

hal-00509725
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00509725

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Afin de prévoir l'évolution des phénomènes naturels, sans discontinuité, des milliers d'images satellites alimentent les stations météorologiques. Ce flot permanent d'informations nécessite rapidité et rigueur d'analyse. Il est donc indispensable de mettre en place des systèmes capables de travailler nuit et jour afin de dresser des bilans exploitables par les chercheurs. Nous proposons dans cet article une méthode, basée sur des techniques d'investigation en reconnaissance des formes, telles que la segmentation et la classification. Ces techniques seront utilisées pour localiser et discriminer les masses nuageuses issues d'images captées par le satellite géostationnaire GOES. Le traitement des formes nuageuses trouvées se fait en utilisant des opérations, telles que la morphologie mathématique afin d'extraire des caractéristiques discriminantes. Pour l'interprétation des caractéristiques obtenues et pour effectuer la classification des nuages, nous utilisons des systèmes de classeurs.
Journées d'Études et de Recherche des Antilles et de la Guyane
Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe

hal-00637787
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00637787

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
OBJECTIVES: Tracheobronchial stenosis (TBS) is noted in 12-23% of patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), and includes subglottic stenosis and bronchial stenosis. We aimed to analyse the endoscopic management of TBS in GPA and to identify factors associated with the efficacy of endoscopic interventions. METHODS: We conducted a French nationwide retrospective study that included 47 patients with GPA-related TBS. RESULTS: Compared with patients without TBS, those with TBS were younger, more frequently female and had less frequent kidney, ocular and gastrointestinal involvement and mononeuritis multiplex. Endoscopic procedures included 137 tracheal and 50 bronchial interventions, mainly endoscopic dilatation, local steroid injection and conservative laser surgery, and less frequently stenting. After the first endoscopic procedure, the cumulative incidence of endoscopic treatment failure was 49% at 1 year, 70% at 2 years and 80% at 5 years. Factors significantly associated with a higher cumulative incidence of treatment failure were a shorter time from GPA diagnosis to endoscopic procedure [hazard ratio (HR) 1.08 (95% CI 1.01, 1.14); P = 0.01] and a bronchial stenosis [HR 1.96 (95% CI 1.28, 3.00); P = 0.002]. A prednisone dose ≥30 mg/day at the time of the procedure was associated with a lower cumulative incidence of treatment failure [HR 0.53 (95% CI 0.31, 0.89); P = 0.02]. CONCLUSION: TBS represents severe and refractory manifestations with a high rate of restenosis. High-dose systemic CSs at the time of the procedure and increased time from GPA diagnosis to bronchoscopic intervention are associated with a better event-free survival. In contrast, bronchial stenoses are associated with a higher rate of restenosis than subglottic stenosis.
ISSN: 1462-0324

hal-01155105
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01155105
DOI : 10.1093/rheumatology/kev129
PUBMED : 26001634