Éditeur(s) : Caribbean Food Crops Society
Description : Ce document recense toutes les interventions qui ont eu lieu lors de la réunion annuelle de la Caribbean Food Crops Society. Ces interventions ont pour objet le développement des cultures vivrières, la lutte contre les nuisibles, le compostage, les systèmes d'agro-écologie, l'utilisation des ressources biologiques tropicales... Elles s'appuient sur des expérimentations effectuées dans différents pays de la Caraïbe (voire d'autres pays tropicaux). Les changements météorologiques, la dépendance alimentaire, la croissance démographique obligent la Caraïbe à se lancer dans la transition agroécologique et énergétique, en lien avec les nouveaux défis adressés par l?émergence de la bioéconomie.

Droits : Ce document est protégé par le droit d'auteur. Il ne peut en aucun cas être utilisé sans l'autorisation de l'auteur et des ayant droits
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/recherch/T17046
T17046

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
ISSN: 0003-4975

hal-01563338
http://hal.univ-brest.fr/hal-01563338
DOI : 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.03.093
PUBMED : 27262916

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Association for Cancer Research
Résumé : International audience
The aim of this study was to test in vitro the efficacy of TAC, an original G-quadruplex ligand, as a potential radiosensitizing agent for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Two human radioresistant telomerase-positive GBM cell lines (SF763 and SF767) were analyzed, with and without TAC treatment, for telomere length, cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell-cycle distribution, gene expression, cytogenetic aberrations, clonogenic survival assay, 53BP1 immunofluorescence staining, and γH2AX phosphorylation. We found that low concentrations of TAC (0.5 and 1 μmol/L) inhibited the proliferation of GBM cells in a concentration-dependent manner after only 1 week of treatment, with minimal effects on cell cycle and apoptosis. TAC treatment had no visible effect on average telomere length but modified expression levels of telomere-related genes (hTERT, TRF1, and TRF2) and induced concentration-dependent DNA damage response and dicentric chromosomes. Survival curves analysis showed that exposure to nontoxic, subapoptotic concentrations of TAC enhanced radiation-induced killing of GBM cells. Analysis of DNA repair after irradiation revealed delayed repair kinetics in GBM cells treated with TAC. Furthermore, the combined treatment (TAC and radiation) significantly increased the frequency of chromosomal aberrations as compared with radiation alone. These findings provide the first evidence that exposure to a G4 ligand radiosensitizes human glioblastoma cells and suggest the prospect of future therapeutic applications.
ISSN: 1535-7163

hal-00851184
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00851184
DOI : 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-10-0664
PUBMED : 21987532

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Tsavorite is exclusively hosted in the Neoproterozoic Metamorphic Mozambique Belt (NMMB). The gemstone mines, widespread between Kalalani (Tanzania) and Mgama Ridge (Kenya), define a continuous corridor over a hundred kilometers in length. The tsavorite is hosted by a metasedimentary sequence defined as the Kurase tsavorite-bearing metasediments (Kurase-TB metasediments) that also hosts rubies. These metasediments underwent amphibolite-facies metamorphism and are surrounded by granulitic gneisses that are also of sedimentary origin (the Kurase high-temperature gneisses). All these rocks lie below the Kasigau Group, a unit dominated by granulite-facies metamagmatic rocks.To constrain the timing of events that led to this peculiar occurrence of tsavorite, we have performed geochronological analyses of thin sections and of separated grains of zircon, monazite, and rutile using LA-ICP-MS and ID-TIMS, as well as 40Ar/39Ar of muscovite and phlogopite from various lithologies. The results show that the different terranes were metamorphosed synchronously between 620–580 Ma but under different P-T strain conditions. The Kurase-HT gneisses and the rocks from the Kasigau Group are highly strained and underwent granulite-facies metamorphism with abundant partial melting and emplacement of felsic melts between 620 and 600 Ma. Textural observations also underlined a late regional water flux controlling the occurrence of V-free muscovite and monazite mineralizations at 585 Ma. The latter event can be related to the activity of the Galana shear zone, in the east. The Kurase-TB metasediments escaped strain and partial melting. They record amphibolite-facies conditions with static heating, since initial sedimentary structures were locally preserved. The age of the tsavorite mineralization was inferred at 600 Ma from metamorphic zircon rims and monazite from the closest host-rocks, sampled in the mines. Hence, tsavorite crystallization occurred statically at the end of the metamorphic event, probably when the temperature and the amount of volatiles were at maximum levels.Conversely, the ruby formed by local metasomatism of felsic dikes and isolated ultramafic bodies. The rubies are older and zircons and monazites from a ruby-bearing felsic dike (plumasite) were dated at 615 Ma. Finally, data from rutile and micas indicate a global cooling below 430 °C of the whole region between 510 and 500 Ma.
The Canadian Mineralogist

hal-01616037
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01616037
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01616037/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01616037/file/JEM.pdf
DOI : 10.3749/canmin.1700019

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley-Blackwell
Résumé : International audience
ISSN: 0168-6496

hal-01682106
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01682106
DOI : 10.1111/1574-6941.12366

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Aims: The aims of this study were to compare short-and long-term outcomes for clinical T2N0 oesophageal cancer with analysis of (i) primary surgery (S) versus neoadjuvant therapy plus surgery (NS), (ii) squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma subsets; and (iii) neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Methods: Data were collected from 30 European centres from 2000 to 2010. Among 2944 included patients, 355 patients (12.1%) had cT2N0 disease; 285 (S) and 70 (NS), were compared in terms of short-and long-term outcomes. Propensity score matching analyses were used to compensate for differences in baseline characteristics.Results: No significant differences between the groups were shown in terms of in hospital morbidity and mortality. Nodal disease was observed in 50% of S-group at the time of surgery, with 20% pN2/N3. Utilisation of neoadjuvant therapy was associated with significant tumour downstaging as reflected by increases in pT0, pN0 and pTNM stage 0 disease, this effect was further enhanced with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. After adjustment on propensity score and confounding factors, for all patients and subset analysis of squamous cell and adenocarcinoma, neoadjuvant therapy had no significant effect upon survival or recurrence (overall, loco-regional, distant or mixed) compared to surgery alone. There were no significant differences between neoadjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy in short-or long-term outcomes.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that a surgery alone treatment approach should be recommended as the primary treatment approach for cT2N0 oesophageal cancer despite 50% of patients having nodal disease at the time of surgery.
ISSN: 0959-8049

hal-01666517
https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01666517
DOI : 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.11.024

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
Résumé : International audience
Among 103 patients with multidrug-resistant HIV who initiated raltegravir, etravirine, and darunavir/ritonavir-containing regimen in the ANRS 139 TRIO trial, 100 participated in extended follow-up and continued study treatment until week 96. Among them, 87 (87%) received an optimized background therapy including either nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors or enfuvirtide, they were 78 (78%) at week 96. At week 96, 88% achieved durable virologic response (<50 copies/mL). CD4 response was maintained (median change of +150 cells/mm(3)). No major toxicity was reported. This triple drug combination showed sustained efficacy and thus should be strongly considered for patients with multiclass-resistant virus.
ISSN: 1525-4135

hal-00875207
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875207
DOI : 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31824bb720
PUBMED : 22293546

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The Dien Bien Phu (DBP) Fault strikes nearly perpendicular to the general tectonic framework, separating northwest Vietnam into two compartments. The DBP and Muong Lay granites are exposed respectively east and west of the fault. The U/Pb age of 277 ± 2 Ma obtained for the Muong Lay granite is similar to the age of the Chieng Khuong complex exposed within the Song Ma structure east of the DBP Fault. These two magmatic intrusions are considered as belonging to a same tectonic structure related to the subduction of the Song Ma Ocean under the Indochina Block during the Indosinian orogeny. The DBP Fault with a total post Permian dextral offset of 30-40 km shifts the Song Ma Suture. It could then be connected to the Ailao Shan-Shuanggou suture to the north. The undeformed DBP granite gave a U/Pb age of 230 ± 1 Ma sealing the Indosinian deformation on the fault. The Ladinian-Carnian activity of the fault is confirmed by the 40Ar/39Ar (biotite) age of 228 ± 4 Ma obtained from the paragneiss forming the fault zone. A geodynamic model is proposed to describe the various tectonic phases recorded by on the DBP Fault. It associates field data, stratigraphic observations, and geochronology analyses (U/Pb, Ar/Ar, fission tracks). Following the Late Triassic exhumation of the granite and the end of the Indosinian orogeny marked by the Norian unconformity, the granite was buried under Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous sediments. A strong cooling event during the early Late Cretaceous (100 Ma) is associated with the reactivation of the DBP Fault and the accommodation of a southward thrusting of the Song Da terrane onto the Truong Son Belt. This newly recognised tectonic phase could be associated to the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate under the Indochina Block. No data are available yet to constrain the Tertiary evolution of the DBP system. However, the Tertiary deformation is likely similar to the Cretaceous one.
ISSN: 1342-937X

insu-01015379
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01015379
DOI : 10.1016/j.gr.2013.07.018

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Mutations in the telomerase complex (TERT and TR) are associated with pulmonary fibrosis and frequent hematologic manifestations. The aim of this study was to characterize the prognosis of lung transplantation in patients with TERT or TR mutations. METHODS: Patients with documented TERT or TR mutations who received a lung transplant between 2007 and 2013 in France were identified via an exhaustive search of the lung transplantation network, one expert genetic laboratory, and the clinical research network on rare pulmonary diseases. RESULTS: There were 9 patients (7 men) with TERT (n = 6) or TR (n = 3) mutations who received a single (n = 8) or a double (n = 1) lung transplant for pulmonary fibrosis. Median age was 50 years (range, 35-61 years) at diagnosis and 52 years (range, 37-62 years) at the time of lung transplantation. Thrombocytopenia was present in 7 patients before lung transplantation. After lung transplantation, 6 patients developed myelodysplasia and/or bone marrow failure, directly contributing to death in 4 cases. Anemia was observed in 9 patients, and neutropenia was observed in 3 patients. The median survival after lung transplantation was 214 days (range, 59-1,709 days). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with mutations of the telomerase complex are at high risk of severe hematologic complications after lung transplantation, in particular, bone marrow failure. Specific recommendations should be developed for appropriate guidance regarding hematologic risk assessment before transplantation and management of the post-transplantation immunosuppressive regimen.
ISSN: 1053-2498

hal-01146848
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01146848
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01146848/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01146848/file/Severe%20hematological%20complications%20after%20lung%20transplantation_accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.healun.2014.11.010

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Up-to-date estimates of the health outcomes of preterm children are needed for assessing perinatal care, informing parents, making decisions about care, and providing evidence for clinical guidelines. To determine survival and neonatal morbidity of infants born from 22 through 34 completed weeks' gestation in France in 2011 and compare these outcomes with a comparable cohort in 1997. The EPIPAGE-2 study is a national, prospective, population-based cohort study conducted in all maternity and neonatal units in France in 2011. A total of 2205 births (stillbirths and live births) and terminations of pregnancy at 22 through 26 weeks' gestation, 3257 at 27 through 31 weeks, and 1234 at 32 through 34 weeks were studied. Cohort data were collected from January 1 through December 31, 1997, and from March 28 through December 31, 2011. Analyses for 1997 were run for the entire year and then separately for April to December; the rates for survival and morbidities did not differ. Data are therefore presented for the whole year in 1997 and the 8-month and 6-month periods in 2011. Survival to discharge and survival without any of the following adverse outcomes: grade III or IV intraventricular hemorrhage, cystic periventricular leukomalacia, severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity (stage 3 or higher), or necrotizing enterocolitis (stages 2-3). A total of 0.7% of infants born before 24 weeks' gestation survived to discharge: 31.2% of those born at 24 weeks, 59.1% at 25 weeks, and 75.3% at 26 weeks. Survival rates were 93.6% at 27 through 31 weeks and 98.9% at 32 through 34 weeks. Infants discharged home without severe neonatal morbidity represented 0% at 23 weeks, 11.6% at 24 weeks, 30.0% at 25 weeks, 47.5% at 26 weeks, 81.3% at 27 through 31 weeks, and 96.8% at 32 through 34 weeks. Compared with 1997, the proportion of infants surviving without severe morbidity in 2011 increased by 14.4% (P < .001) at 25 through 29 weeks and 6% (P < .001) at 30 through 31 weeks but did not change appreciably for those born at less than 25 weeks. The rates of antenatal corticosteroid use, induced preterm deliveries, cesarean deliveries, and surfactant use increased significantly in all gestational-age groups, except at 22 through 23 weeks. The substantial improvement in survival in France for newborns born at 25 through 31 weeks' gestation was accompanied by an important reduction in severe morbidity, but survival remained rare before 25 weeks. Although improvement in survival at extremely low gestational age may be possible, its effect on long-term outcomes requires further studies. The long-term results of the EPIPAGE-2 study will be informative in this regard.
ISSN: 2168-6211

hal-01258705
http://hal.univ-brest.fr/hal-01258705
PUBMED : 25621457
DOI : 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.3351

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley-Blackwell
Résumé : International audience
Until now, the culture of sulphur-oxidizing bacterial symbionts associated with marine invertebrates remains impossible. Therefore, few studies focused on symbiont's physiology under stress conditions. In this study, we carried out a comparative experiment based on two different species of lucinid bivalves (Codakia orbiculata and Lucina pensylvanica) under comparable stress factors. The bivalves were starved for 6months in sulphide-free filtered seawater. For C.orbiculata only, starved individuals were then put back to the field, in natural sediment. We used in situ hybridization, flow cytometry and X-ray fluorescence to characterize the symbiont population hosted in the gills of both species. In L.pensylvanica, no decrease in symbiont abundance was observed throughout the starvation experiment, whereas elemental sulphur slowly decreased to zero after 3months of starvation. Conversely, in C.orbiculata, symbiont abundance within bacteriocytes decreased rapidly and sulphur from symbionts disappeared during the first weeks of the experiment. The modifications of the cellular characteristics (SSC - relative cell size and FL1 - genomic content) of the symbiotic populations along starvation were not comparable between species. Return to the sediment of starved C.orbiculata individuals led to a rapid (2-4weeks) recovery of symbiotic cellular characteristics, comparable with unstressed symbionts. These results suggest that endosymbiotic population regulation is host-species-dependent in lucinids.
ISSN: 0168-6496

hal-01545911
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01545911
DOI : 10.1111/1574-6941.12366

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: In the context of recent guidelines on invasive candidiasis (IC), how French intensive care units (ICUs) are managing IC? METHODS: This is a prospective observational multicenter cohort study. During 1 year (2012-2013), 87 French ICUs enrolled consecutive patients with suspected or proven IC (SIC or PIC) and receiving systemic antifungal therapy (SAT). Data were collected up to 28 days after inclusion. RESULTS: We studied 835 patients, 291 with PIC and 544 with SIC. At SAT initiation, patients with SIC were significantly more severe (SAPS II 50.1 ± 18.7 vs. 46.2 ± 18.0). Severe sepsis or septic shock prompted to initiate empiric SAT in 70 % of SIC. Within 4 days in median, the initial SAT was modified in 49 % of patients with PIC vs. 33 % patients with SIC. Modifications were most often motivated by mycological results, and de-escalation was the most frequent change. Regarding compliance to IC management guidelines, echinocandin was used for 182 (62.5 %) patients with PIC, and 287 (52.7 %) of those with SIC; central venous catheter was removed in 87 (54.3 %) of patients with candidaemia, and 43 of the remaining patients received echinocandin; and de-escalation was undertaken after 5 days of SAT in 142 patients, after 10 days in 13 patients. As 20.6 % of SIC were secondarily documented, 403/835 (48 %) patients had finally a proven IC. Candida albicans was the main pathogen (65.3 %), then Candida glabrata (15.9 %). The 28-day mortality rates were 40.0 % in candidaemia, 25.4 % in cIAI, and 26.7 % in deep-seated candidiasis. In the overall population of patients with proven IC, four independent prognostic factors were identified: immunosuppression (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.977: 1.03-3.794 95 % confidence interval (CI), p = 0.04), age (OR = 1.035; 1.017-1.053 95 % CI; p  extless 0.001), SAPS extgreater46 on ICU admission (OR = 2.894; 1.81-4.626 95 % CI; p  extless 0.001), and surgery just before or during ICU stay (OR = 0.473; 0.29-0.77 95 % CI; p  extless 0.001). CONCLUSION: When SAT is initiated in French ICUs, the IC is ultimately proven for 48 % of patients. Empiric SAT is initiated in severely ill ICU patients. The initial SAT is often adapted, with de-escalation to fluconazole when possible. Mortality rate remains high
ISSN: 2110-5820

hal-01259216
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01259216
DOI : 10.1186/s13613-015-0103-7
PUBMED : 26743881

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag/EDP Sciences
Résumé : International audience
Context: Woodcutting is a very old technology but scientific research is scarce on the subject. In the last 50 years much work on basic mechanisms as well as industrial processes has been done in France. Aims: The specific nature of wood introduces strong differences between wood and metal cutting processes. The paper focuses on French teams' contributions. Results: The basic aspects of the tool–material interaction for different basic modes in woodcutting are highlighted. In primary conversion such as sawing, veneer cutting or green wood chipping, huge progress comes from automation and the possibility of linking the process to log and product quality through new sensors. In secondary processing much has been done on the links between the cutting process, surface qualification and the properties of these surfaces for further processing, such as gluing or coating. Tool wear depends on the cutting process, timber quality, and species. Trade-offs are required in tool technology and coating technologies may improve tool life. Conclusion: A large amount of knowledge and innovation has come from 50 years of worldwide research effort, with France being particularly active in this period. The transfer of skills from metals cutting industry was often a key, but much is needed to move closer to both metal cutting sector and woodcutting skills among craftsmen.
ISSN: 1286-4560

hal-01135156
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01135156
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01135156/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01135156/file/Wood_machining_focus_French_research_Thibaut_al_2015.pdf
DOI : 10.1007/s13595-015-0460-2

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
New U–Pb monazite, zircon, and xenotime ages date the Late Carboniferous crystallization of the anatectic Vialais granite in the Montagne Noire Axial Zone and the high-temperature deformation and metamorphism of the augen gneiss (Ordovician granite protolith) from which the granite was likely derived. The U–Pb monazite ages obtained from the augen gneiss (308 ± 3 Ma), late kinematic Vialais granite (303 ± 4 Ma), and post-kinematic leucogranite (298 ± 2 Ma), bracket the high-temperature deformation and metamorphism at ~ 310–300 Ma, clearly postdating regional contraction and nappe emplacement (> 320 Ma). The planar–linear and locally linear fabrics in the augen gneiss outline a regional-scale double dome structure (Caroux and Espinouse sub-domes) containing smaller (km-scale) upright folds. Compared to the Caroux sub-dome, the larger, migmatitic Espinouse sub-dome contains abundant leucosome, leucogranite bodies and late-kinematic intrusions (Vialais granite). The Vialais granite displays a weak magmatic foliation that defines the main layering of the Espinouse migmatite. Ellipsoidal quartz–sillimanite nodules concentrated above the roof of the granite recorded an increment of strain (vertical shortening, E–NE elongation) during granite emplacement and crystallization, consistent with the extension event that exhumed the domes. These new geochronological and structural data suggest that the Montagne Noire double dome formed in a pull-apart structure within a dextral strike–slip system. Upright folding in the sub-domes has been traditionally assigned to a regional contraction event; alternatively, we propose that local contraction is associated with the convergence of low-viscosity crust beneath the upper crust pull-apart. Dynamic models of extension of hot crust indicate that contraction at depth is generated by flow of low-viscosity orogenic crust converging and rising to fill the gap created by upper crust extension. This interpretation solves the long-standing problem of apparent coeval contraction and extension in the Montagne Noire double dome and establishes migmatite dome emplacement in strike–slip corridors as a style of late Variscan tectonics.
ISSN: 0040-1951

insu-01112009
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01112009
DOI : 10.1016/j.tecto.2014.12.002

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
Treacher Collins/Franceschetti syndrome (TCS; OMIM 154500) is a disorder of craniofacial development belonging to the heterogeneous group of mandibulofacial dysostoses. TCS is classically characterized by bilateral mandibular and malar hypoplasia, downward-slanting palpebral fissures, and microtia. To date, three genes have been identified in TCS:,TCOF1, POLR1D, and POLR1C. We report a clinical and extensive molecular study, including TCOF1, POLR1D, POLR1C, and EFTUD2 genes, in a series of 146 patients with TCS. Phenotype-genotype correlations were investigated for 19 clinical features, between TCOF1 and POLR1D, and the type of mutation or its localization in the TCOF1 gene. We identified 92/146 patients (63%) with a molecular anomaly within TCOF1, 9/146 (6%) within POLR1D, and none within POLR1C. Among the atypical negative patients (with intellectual disability and/or microcephaly), we identified four patients carrying a mutation in EFTUD2 and two patients with 5q32 deletion encompassing TCOF1 and CAMK2A in particular. Congenital cardiac defects occurred more frequently among patients with TCOF1 mutation (7/92, 8%) than reported in the literature. Even though TCOF1 and POLR1D were associated with extreme clinical variability, we found no phenotype-genotype correlation. In cases with a typical phenotype of TCS, 6/146 (4%) remained with an unidentified molecular defect.
ISSN: 1098-3600

hal-01134364
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01134364
DOI : 10.1038/gim.2015.29
PUBMED : 25790162

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Cambridge University Press
Résumé : Identify specific aspects of mixed farming systems. At the same time, certain practices seem to transcend the whole territory and relate little to the activities that dominate a zone. To be able to organize a follow-up of these promising complex systems at farmer and experimental level situation a first evolutionary assessment grid was sketched to enable the selection of the situations. This should allow a more detailed study of the functionality of farms where estimates can be made on the the performances and robustness of systems in terms ofsustainable development.
ISSN: 2040-4700

hal-01601271
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01601271
DOI : 10.1017/S2040470010001305
PRODINRA : 383226