Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD INRA
Résumé : Le pâturage mixte de petits et gros ruminants constitue une conduite agro écologique pour améliorer lescroissances individuelles et à l'hectare, en valorisant les complémentarités alimentaires des espècesanimales, tout en réduisant l’impact du parasitisme gastro-intestinal pour les petits ruminants. Pour desovins, une méta-analyse de la littérature a mis en évidence un gain de poids individuel de + 15 g/animal/jour, variable en fonction du stade physiologique considéré (allaitement, pré ou post-sevrage) etun gain à l’hectare de + 29 % en pâturage mixte, comparé à du pâturage d’ovins seuls. Pour descaprins, une expérimentation de deux ans en milieu tropical a révélé un gain individuel de + 14 g depoids vif/animal/jour en mixte, et un gain global à l’hectare doublé, voire plus, si l’on considère labiomasse présente, mieux exploitée en pâturage mixte. Pour les bovins conduits en mixte, le gain estmoins net, fluctue entre les études, mais est a minima équivalent à celui enregistré pour des bovinspâturant seuls.Outre l’intérêt pour la production, cette conduite favorise la diversification écologique, le turn-over de labiomasse, la réduction des coûts de production et de l’usage des anthelminthiques classiques,favorable à des produits carnés de qualité, sans résidus chimiques.
ISSN: 1958-5853

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
hal-01222900
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01222900
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01222900/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01222900/file/2015_dalexis_InnovAgronomiques_%7BC6C380D6-00DB-4623-9FDA-9BAA4B33C36A%7D.pdf
PRODINRA : 331701

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : The modernization of agriculture is under scrutiny. It is currently debated within the growing concept and practice of agroecology that applies ecological fundaments to the design and the management of sustainable agroecosystems. In matter of ecologization of agriculture, agroecological transition may be considered as a privileged pathway. It relies on two main forms: the weak (that intends to reduce the use of chemicals by alternative practices such as their substitution by biological inputs) versus strong modernization of agriculture (based on the valorization of biodiversity providing ecosystemic services). In this article, through an analysis of the technological innovations used for the enhancement of mycorrhiza (symbiotic interactions between plants and soil microorganisms) as an illustration of the implementation of the agroecological transition in France, we wonder in what extent a strong modernization of agriculture is likely to occur.This paper shows how the conceptual framework of socio-technical regime is useful to analyze the dynamics of the agroecological transition. Our demonstration relies on an empirical material (survey of the main actors of the mycorrhiza supply chain) that permits to understand how is structured the dominant system and how it impedes the development of the alternative niche. We then give some prerequisites in terms of public action to define in what extent the niche can be supported and can compete the current system.
54. ERSA Congress "Regional development & globalization: Best practices"
Saint-Petersburg, Russia

hal-01606449
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01606449
PRODINRA : 387723

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD CIRAD
Résumé : 4 tables 2 graph.
absent
ISSN: 1951-6711

hal-01032376
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032376

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer International Publishing
Résumé : Industrial agriculture has clearly reached its limits. Industrial agriculture is not able anymore to satisfy the basic needs of the growing worldwide population while ensuring the conditions of reproduction of natural assets. New production models have to be designed to protect and reclame polluted and degraded agricultural areas. Agroecology is considered as a promising way to achieve ecologically-intensive agrosystems, since the seminal contribution of Altieri in 1995. Nevertheless agroecology has not fully emerged as a scientific discipline yet. Agroecology is more that a traditional scientific discipline because agroecology breaks the frontiers between biophysical sciences and social sciences. This chapter reviews the roots and evolution of agroecology in the first section. Here we propose a mathematical theory of viability to handle uncertainty and complexity within agrosystems. This theory allows to define a kern of viability in which the agrosystem stay viable in the long term (section “Scientific stakes: New frontiers”). However, agroecological innovations create new uncertainties and controversies that must be solved. Some solutions can be found individually while other solutions must by co-constructed using innovative collective actions and hydrid forums (Callon et al. 2001, section “Scientific controversy and uncertainty”). Such collective knowledge makes agroecology as the starting point of a representative democracy by setting up adaptive governance on territories (section “How to manage agrosystems in the context of global changes?”).
Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 14

ISBN : 978-3-319-06015-6
hal-01195372
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01195372
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-319-06016-3_1
PRODINRA : 270790

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : Our objective was to compare fruit morphology, physico-chemistry and bioactive compounds content ofthe edible pulp of six Mammea americana accessions. The results showed that this fruit was rather big,weighing on average 600 to 1100 g depending on the accession, and spherical to oblate-shaped. The pulprepresented between 50 and 70% of the weight of the whole fruit. The pulp adhered only partially to theseeds in 5 of the 6 accessions studied, while the last one exhibited full adherence. The fresh pulp wasacidic, sweet, succulent and crunchy. The fruits studied had a variety of qualities, providing variousopportunities for post-harvest uses: fruit salads, nectar preparation, jams and jellies, or export. We haveestablished for the first time the total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids contents in the pulp ofmamey apple fruits. The pulp colour was highly correlated with total phenolic compounds and total carotenoidscontents.
ISSN: 0308-8146

hal-01606022
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01606022
DOI : 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.145
PRODINRA : 395676

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Résumé : A specific breeding goal definition was developed for Creole goats in Guadeloupe. This local breed is used for meat production. To ensure a balanced selection outcome, the breeding objective included two production traits, live weight (BW11) and dressing percentage (DP) at 11 months (the mating or selling age), one reproduction trait, fertility (FER), and two traits to assess animal response to parasite infection: packed cell volume (PCV), a resilience trait, and faecal worm eggs count (FEC), a resistance trait. A deterministic bio-economic model was developed to calculate the economic values based on the description of the profit of a Guadeloupean goat farm. The farm income came from the sale of animals for meat or as reproducers. The main costs were feeding and treatments against gastro-intestinal parasites. The economic values were 7.69€ per kg for BW11, 1.38€ per % for FER, 3.53€ per % for DP and 3 × 10(-4)€ per % for PCV. The economic value for FEC was derived by comparing the expected profit and average FEC in a normal situation and in an extreme situation where parasites had developed resistance to anthelmintics. This method yielded a maximum weighting for FEC, which was -18.85€ per log(eggs per gram). Alternative scenarios were tested to assess the robustness of the economic values to variations in the economic and environmental context. The economic values of PCV and DP were the most stable. Issues involved in paving the way for selective breeding on resistance or resilience to parasites are discussed.
ISSN: 1751-7311

hal-01000063
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01000063
DOI : 10.1017/S1751731112001413
PUBMED : 23031546

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Cambridge University Press
Résumé : Identify specific aspects of mixed farming systems. At the same time, certain practices seem to transcend the whole territory and relate little to the activities that dominate a zone. To be able to organize a follow-up of these promising complex systems at farmer and experimental level situation a first evolutionary assessment grid was sketched to enable the selection of the situations. This should allow a more detailed study of the functionality of farms where estimates can be made on the the performances and robustness of systems in terms ofsustainable development.
ISSN: 2040-4700

hal-01601271
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01601271
DOI : 10.1017/S2040470010001305
PRODINRA : 383226

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Cambridge University Press
Résumé : Finally, the authors conclude with the need of designing new conceptual and methodological frameworks in order to address the tradeoffs between farms, sectors and territorial outputs and assessments. Such a requirement is made even more urgent when looking at time and considering flexibility and resilience in a changing context as key elements of sustainability.
ISSN: 2040-4700

hal-01601268
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01601268
DOI : 10.1017/S2040470010001081
PRODINRA : 383218

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD IOS Press
Résumé : The main objectives of the present work were to test the effects of heat stress on blood rheology and to determine whether the responses can change according to the pig breeds. Thirty-six pigs from three pig's lines (n = 12 for each line) with assumed different tolerance to heat stress were compared: Large White (LW, little tolerance), Creole (CR, good tolerance) and LW × CR pigs (produced from a cross between LW and CR lines). In a first period, all pigs were exposed to a 9-d period of thermo-neutral environment (24°C; d-9 to d-1; P0). At the end of P0, six pigs from each line were slaughtered (n = 18). Then in a second period, the remaining pigs (6/breed; n = 18) were exposed to a 5-d period of heat stress (32°C; d + 1 -d + 5; P1) and thereafter slaughtered at d + 5. Rectal and skin temperatures, as well as respiratory rate, were recorded on d-1 and d + 5. At slaughter, blood was sampled for hematological and hemorheological measurements. Heat stress caused a rise of the skin temperature and respiratory rate without any changes in the rectal temperature or on the hematological and hemorheological parameters when all pigs' lines were considered. We observed a pig line effect on blood viscosity at high shear rate (375 s-1) and red blood cell deformability at 30 Pa with CR pigs having lower blood viscosity and higher red blood cell deformability than LW pigs. While the changes of blood viscosity under heat stress did not reach statistical significance in LW and CR lines, blood viscosity (at 375 s-1) increased above the temperate values in the LW × CR line. Red blood cell deformability at 30 Pa was higher in CR pigs exposed to heat stress compared to LW pigs in the same condition. In conclusion, thermal loading caused physiological stress but did not widely change the hematological and hemorheological profiles. Although some blood rheological parameters seem to vary with the pig breeds, the responses to heat stress are very similar.
ISSN: 1386-0291

hal-01210926
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01210926
DOI : 10.3233/CH-131722
PRODINRA : 286489
PUBMED : 23603327

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : Heat stress is one of the major limiting factors of production efficiency in the swine industry. The aims of the present study were 1) to observe if hemorheological and hematological parameters could be associated to physiological acclimation during the first days of heat stress exposure and 2) to determine if water restriction could modulate the effect of thermal heat stress on physiological, hematological and hemorheological parameters. Twelve Large White male pigs were divided into an ad libitum and a water restricted group. All pigs were submitted to one week at 24 °C (D-7 to D-1). Then, at D0, temperature was progressively increased until 32 °C and maintained during one week (D1 to D7). We performed daily measurements of water and feed intake. Physiological (i.e., skin temperature, rectal temperature, respiratory rate), hematological and hemorheological parameters were measured on D-6, D-5, D0, D1, D2 and D7. Water restriction had no effect on physiological, hematological and hemorheological parameters. The first days of heat stress caused an increase in the three physiological parameters followed by a reduction of these parameters suggesting a successful acclimation of pigs to heat stress. We showed an increase in hematocrit, red blood cell aggregation and red blood cell aggregation strength during heat stress. Further, we observed an important release of reticulocytes, an increase of red blood cell deformability and a reduction of feed intake and blood viscosity under heat stress. This study suggests that physiological acute adaptation to heat stress is accompanied by large hematological and hemorheological changes.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-01210648
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01210648
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0102537
PRODINRA : 269557
PUBMED : 25013960

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Dans le cadre d'un renouveau de la défense des races locales, cet article analyse les schémas de pensées et les projets collectifs autour du cabri Créole aux Antilles où existent simultanément deux modèles de développement, l'élevage « traditionnel » et l'élevage « moderne ». Le premier utilise la race locale, la Créole et des systèmes d'élevage traditionnels comme l'attache au piquet; il a été souvent appelé à disparaître mais en réalité, il présente une réelle capacité de résistance et d'adaptation. L'élevage moderne à base de races exotiques importées utilise des systèmes d'élevage de type intensif qui s'inspirent des modèles européens et qui ont été soutenus par la politique du gouvernement ; c'est donc le modèle dominant. De ce fait, la filière caprine en Guadeloupe voit cohabiter des exploitations de polyculture-élevage souvent valorisant des zones difficiles et des grosses structures d'élevage qui se spécialisent en production de viande caprine semi-intensive. On assiste actuellement au paradoxe où un type racial viande (génotypes à base de sang Boer ou autres croisements viande) devient dominant au détriment de la race locale. Or la race Créole gagnerait à être soutenue en raison de sa résistance et son adaptation au milieu. Mais sur cette question, l'aspect strictement technique est dépassé par le débat sociétal avec ses dimensions historiques, humaines et culturelles. Toutefois en Guadeloupe, il n'y a pas de vision collective unanime pour soutenir la race locale, ce qui est dû a des intérêts divergents et une difficulté de mise en cohérence de l'ensemble du projet. Ainsi, l'une des questions principales qui se posent est : comment infléchir les pratiques des éleveurs pour qu'ils s'approprient leur race locale qui est un élément d'ancrage au territoire, au savoir-faire et à la culture antillaise ? La démarche d'une production d'un cabri Créole AOC permettrait de relier la race locale au terroir en favorisant l'identité locale amenée à être portée par les acteurs territoriaux. Donc pour aboutir à un véritable modèle de développement à l'avenir, il conviendrait de mettre en place un véritable processus d'appropriation de la race locale dans son territoire.
ISSN: 0397-6572

hal-01600973
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01600973
PRODINRA : 397825

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : site web du Colloque disparu
Parmi les stratégies innovantes visant à promouvoir des agricultures doublement performantes, figure l’utilisation de la biodiversité. Dans cet article, nous nous interrogeons sur les processus d’apprentissage qui favorisent la conception « intelligente » de systèmes de culture. A partir de l’exemple de la valorisation des mycorhizes indigènes à la Martinique (symbioses entre plantes et champignons du sol), nous déterminons les freins et les leviers à la co-construction et à l’adoption d’innovations de rupture pour la modernisation écologique de l’agriculture. Les résultats d’une démarche participative conduite avec un échantillon d’agriculteurs ouverts aux pratiques agroécologiques montrent que l’importance et la nature des freins diffèrent selon la dynamique d’apprentissage dans laquelle ils s’insèrent. Ainsi, les « mieux apprenants » passent plus facilement de la phase de partage de connaissances (K) à la conception d’innovations (C) en identifiant mieux que les « moins apprenants » les leviers d’action (P) à mettre en œuvre.
51. Colloque ASRDLF : Métropolisation, cohésion et performance, quels futurs pour nos territoires ?
Marne La Vallée, France

hal-01606460
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01606460
PRODINRA : 387727