Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Two genome-wide association studies (GWASs) recently highlighted the HLA-DRA and HLA-DRB5 genes as associated with Parkinson disease (PD). However, because HLA-DRA displays a low level of polymorphisms and HLA-DRB5 is only present in approximately 20% of the population, these findings are difficult to interpret. Our aims were: (1) to replicate and investigate in greater detail the association between PD and the HLA-DR region; (2) to identify PD-associated HLA alleles; and (3) to perform a meta-analysis of our top finding. As part of 2 French population-based case-control studies of PD including highly ethnically homogeneous participants, we investigated the association between PD and 51 Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the HLA-DR region. HLA-DRB1 alleles were imputed using the HLA(*) IMP software. HLA typing was performed in a subsample of the participants. We performed a meta-analysis of our top finding based on 4 GWAS data sets. Among 499 cases and 1123 controls, after correction for multiple testing, we found an association with rs660895 (OR/minor allele, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.57-0.87) within the HLA-DRB1 gene, which encodes the most polymorphic HLA-DR chain (DRβ). A meta-analysis (7996 cases, 36455 controls) confirmed this association (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.82-0.91; P < .0001). SNP-based imputation of HLA alleles showed an inverse association between PD and the HLA-DRB1(*) 04 allele. We replicated an association between PD and the HLA-DR region and provided further insight into the loci and alleles involved. The highly polymorphic HLA-DRB1 locus contains rs660895, which represents a more legitimate candidate than previous ones. Our finding is in agreement with the hypothesis of an immune component in PD pathophysiology. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society.
ISSN: 0885-3185

inserm-00721562
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00721562
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00721562/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00721562/file/Table1.pdf
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00721562/file/Table2.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
The status of ethnic minority has been reported to be associated with a tendency toward sedentary behavior. The Guadeloupean population is composed of Afro-Caribbeans and an Asian Indian minority. This study examined the association of ethnicity and physical activity on the island. Energy expenditures (EE), energy intakes (EI), and macronutrient intakes of 122 Guadeloupean workers (60 Indians and 62 controls) were assessed by three consecutive 24-h recalls. Two-way analyses of variance were conducted to test the hypothesis of an effect of ethnicity, taking the potential effect of sex into account, on these variables. Asian Indians reported lower EE (P=0.011), lower EE/EI ratios (P=0.001), and lower physical activity (P=0.003) than their Afro-Carribean counterparts. Their food intakes were not different in terms of EI or macronutrient intake. No sex × ethnicity interactions were significant. The present study reports a tendency toward physical inactivity in Asian Indians of Guadeloupe associated with EI similar to those of controls. Sedentary lifestyles and energetic imbalances are well-documented risk factors for several diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, both major public health concerns in Guadeloupe. Strategies to prevent sedentary lifestyles should be considered for Asian Indian Guadeloupeans.
ISSN: 0905-7188

hal-00706161
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00706161
DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2007.00743.x

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD M.L.M.S. Publisher
Résumé : International audience
This paper deals with educational language policy in the French overseas department of Guiana regarding the introduction of regional languages and cultures in school. It provides analyzes of recent official discourses of the Educational institution, of ordinary discourses of different social actors as well as a critical insight into the school's and future teachers' curricula. Taking into account sociolinguistic results in French Guiana, we discuss two main points in the present policy: the distinction drawn between regional languages and other languages and the distinction drawn between so-called “heterogeneous” and ethnically and linguistically “homogenous” schools.
Cet article traite de la politique linguistique éducative actuellement en vigueur en Guyane Française concernant la prise en compte des langues et cultures régionales dans ce département d'Outre Mer. Au travers d'une analyse des discours officiels de l'institution scolaire, des différentes actions mises en place dernièrement et des discours ordinaires des enseignants sur le terrain, il interroge les politiques actuellement en œuvre. S'appuyant sur des résultats d'enquêtes sociolinguistiques et sur un point de vue didactique, il critique un traitement doublement différencié : entre certaines langues « dites régionales » depuis leur mention dans le rapport Cerquiglini et les autres, et entre des publics scolaires dits « hétérogènes » et ceux considérés comme ethniquement et linguistiquement « homogènes ».
ISSN: 1626-3154

halshs-00181072
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00181072
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00181072/document
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00181072/file/01_ml102005_alby_leglise1.pdf

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Cet article met en lumière le processus d’expansion de l’espace touristique en Indonésie. Dans ce vaste archipel qui se caractérise par une très grande diversité environnementale et culturelle, la « Culture » constitue traditionnellement l’axe de communication majeur. Bien qu’étant un « Monde d’une diversité infinie », le pays connaît pourtant une grande concentration spatiale du tourisme. Bali est depuis toujours la première destination touristique du fait de sa renommée et de son antériorité en matière d’infrastructures. Sous le coup de la croissance des arrivées touristiques internationales que l’Indonésie a connu entre 1969 et 1997, de la volonté de l’Etat de diffuser l’activité touristique dans d’autres régions de l’archipel, de la quête de « culture » d’une partie des touristes, un mouvement d’expansion va bien avoir lieu, notamment vers des minorités ethniques « primitives ». Ce mouvement d’expansion, bien que marginal par rapport aux flux principaux, est cependant remis en cause avec la crise touristique que l’Indonésie traverse depuis 1998, dont l’attentat de Bali en octobre 2002 fut le point d’orgue.
This article focuses on the process of expansion of tourism in Indonesia. In this vast archipelago of immense environmental and cultural diversity, “culture” has been its main tourist promotion theme. Even though Indonesia is a “world of infinite diversity”, its tourist spots are highly concentrated in a few regions. Undoubtedly Bali remains THE place to visit given its fame and early infrastructural developments. However, due to the phenomenal growth in the numbers of international tourists between 1969 and 1997, the State's desire to diffuse tourism to other regions of the Archipelago, and the quest for “culture” by some tourists - tourism in Indonesia has expanded, especially to regions of “primitive” ethnic minorities. This expansion, even if marginal related to the mains streams, has been seriously threatened since 1998 by the crisis in tourism in Indonesia - of which the bombing in Bali in October 2002 was the pinnacle.
Indonésie

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.1132
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/1132

Résumé : Nous traiterons successivement des circonstances de l'émergence du Panama depuis la période précolombienne, les premières expéditions espagnoles à la recherche d'un détroit vers les Indes, de l'indépendance du Panama. Dans la première partie, nous traiteront de l'Isthme du Panama comme terre de passage et de son Canal de1880 à 1914, du rêve séculaire à la réalité où, successivement, nous étudierons son destin français, sa position entre intérêts français et aspirations américaines. Les États-Unis et le Panama nous conduiront à traiter de l'installation des Américains, la construction du Canal (1904-1914) ; les traités Carter-Torrijos, entre compromis et ambiguïtés. La deuxième partie traitera des stratégies de développement du Panama; l'importance des facteurs socioéconomiques et la dynamique des structures sociopolitiques seront mises en exergue. L'intégration des Antillais de Guadeloupe et de Martinique dans le cercle communautaire panaméen de 1914 à nos jours. Àcet égard, nous traiterons des apports de la culture antillaise dans la représentation panaméenne, un brassage culturel. En troisième lieu, leur contribution à l'essor de la nation. Il s'agira ici d'étudier les arts et la culture, la musique et les danses, la littérature et la linguistique de même que les revendications culturelles des minorités ethniques. Enfin, nous orienterons nos recherches sur la question de l'unité panaméenne à l'aube du Ille millénaire, l'organisation des diverses communautés et l'installation européenne au Panama.
We will successively deal with the circumstances of the emergence of Panama since the pre-Colum bian period, the first Spanish shipping expeditions in search of a strait towards India, and the independence of Panama. ln the first part, we shall deal with the Isthmus of Panama as a land of passage and with its Channel from 1880 to 1914, from the secular dream to reality where, successively, we shall study its French fate, its position in regards to French interests and American aspiration. The relationship between the United States and Panama will lead us to deal with the settling of the Americans, the construction of the Channel (1904-1914), the "Carter-Torrijos" treaties, between compromises and ambiguities. The second part will deal with strategies of development for Panama; the importance of socioeconomic factors and the dynamics of the sociopolitical structures will be highlighted. The integration of the people of Guadeloupe and Martinique in the Panamanian community circle from 1914 to nowadays. In this respect, we shall treat contributions of the French West Indian culture within the Panamanian representation; the cultural admixture. In the third part, their contribution at the development of the Panamanian nation. The issue will be to study arts and culture, music and dances, Iiterature and Iinguistics as weil as the cultural demands from ethnic minorities. Finally, we shall direct our researches towards the question of Panamanian unity at the dawn of the third millennium, the organization of the diverse communities and the European settling in Panama

http://www.theses.fr/2010AGUY0393/document