Résumé : Les réseaux de capteurs constituent un axe de recherche très fertile ces dernières années. Cette technique se développe dans différents domaines comme l'environnement, l'industrie, le commerce, la médecine, l'armée, etc. Les réseaux de capteurs sont difficiles à concevoir parce qu'ils sont fortement contraints en énergie et que tous les éléments ont potentiellement une influence sur la durée de vie du système. Nous proposons un outil permettant l'aide au bon paramétrage et aux choix de paramètres optimaux pour la stabilité des applications.Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à deux problématiques : une classification des paramètres pour un outil d'aide à la décision pour la configuration d'un réseau de capteurs et la seconde, un outil de test de conformité du système dans un environnement réel. Le document est divisé en deux parties où la première partie est un état de l'art de différents protocoles existants et la deuxième partie décrit notre contribution dans ces deux problématiques.Dans la première contribution, nous avons analysé l'impact de la couverture radio puis de la topologie sur les performances d'un réseau de capteurs. Nous étudions le taux de perte et le niveau d'énergie pour en déduire la stabilité d'une application. Puis nous avons proposé une étude menant à une classification pour notre outil d'aide à la décision. Notre classification est basée sur une étude de divers paramètres de la couche MAC, physique, protocole de routage, nombre de nœuds et type d'application.Dans la deuxième contribution, nous nous sommes focalisés sur une approche pragmatique permettant de tester la conformité d'un réseau de capteurs dans un environnement réel. Pour tester la conformité dans un environnement réel, nous proposons une architecture d'exécution de test sur un réseau de capteurs réel. Ceci dans un but d'assurer un niveau correct de conformité et la stabilité de celui-ci durant son fonctionnement.
Wireless sensor networks is one of the hotest research topic in the last few years. This technology can be applied for different fields such as environment, industry, trading, medicine, military etc. Wireless sensor networks are hard to conceive because they require a lot of energy and because each of its component may have an influence on the lifetime of the whole system. What we suggest is a tool allowing to choose the correct and optimal parameters for the reliability of the applications.In this thesis, we focused on two major problems : firstly, a classification of the parameters for a tool allowing to make decisions about the configuration of a wireless sensors network, and secondly, a tool testing the compliance of the system with a real environment. The document is divided into two parts : the first part states the different protocols that exist, and the second part describes our contributions to those topics.In the first contribution, we analyzed how influential the radio cover and the network topology are on the network performances. Then, we deduced from the study of the loss rate and of the level of energy, the reliability of the application. Next, we suggested a study leading to a classification for our decision making tool. For this classification, we studied various parameters related to the MAC layer, the Physical layer, the network layer, the application layer the number of nodes involved in the network.In the second contribution, we adopted a pragmatic approach so we could test the conformity of a wireless sensors network in a real environment. In order to test its conformity in a real environment, we suggested a structured test execution on a real wireless sensor network. This task has been suggested in order to check the conformance level of the network while it was working.

http://www.theses.fr/2012AGUY0586/document

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
In this paper we study how to detect anomalies in a distributed manner by using wireless sensor networks (WSN). We focus on a medical context, where existing works generally provide large environments to monitor patients using sensors as simple transducers. Those devices forward sensed health parameters to a main base station. This station collects received data and may perform some computations. In this paper, we perform some distributed tasks on the sensors. We propose a distributed algorithm which allows to raise alarms under some initial rules to alert efficiently medical staff in case of critical situations without needles warnings.
10th IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks, WOWMOM 2009.
KOS, Greece

hal-00519589
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00519589

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : Revue de rang A
International audience
This paper studies how to detect anomalies in a distributed manner by using wireless sensor networks (WSNs). We focus on a medical context, where the existing works generally provide large environments to monitor patients using sensors as simple transducers. Those devices forward sensed health parameters to a main base station. This station collects received data and may perform some computations. In this paper, we perform some distributed tasks on the sensors. We propose a distributed algorithm, which allows to raise alarms under some initial rules to alert efficiently medical staff in case of critical situations without needless warnings. Each mote monitors a parameter. When this parameter reaches an abnormal value, the mote communicates with other motes in order to check if it is a ‘local' anomaly or if the patient is in an abnormal situation. In such cases an alarm is raised. We implemented our algorithm over a network of micaZ sensors running under TinyOS. The obtained results show promising perspectives.
ISSN: 1532-0626

hal-00519594
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00519594
DOI : 10.1002/cpe.1583

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
More and more animal species are endangered. In order to study and protect them, several measures have been taken, which now seem to show their limit. This work focuses on the counting process, a key issue for any project that aims to protect animals. Indeed, this paper proposes an algorithm for automatic counting of singing birds in their habitat by using wireless sensors fitted with microphone. Sensors are used to record audio samples of bird songs. These samples are used to extract some kinds of song fingerprint that are thereafter used to recognize the bird species, through a classification process. Afterwards, by analyzing data which have been collected by a central base, the network structure derived from detection fields of sensors, allows our algorithm to propose an estimate of singing birds in the habitat. This paper details the counting algorithm which uses graph theory and audio inputs comparison. Finally, we demonstrate our scheme efficiency through experimentations.
Local Computer Networks (LCN)
Clearwater, United States

hal-00786165
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00786165
DOI : 10.1109/LCNW.2012.6424060

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
We present a study on the optimasation of the number of messages for medical diagnosis over wireless sensors networks (WSNs). We suggest distributed algorithms to diagnosis some diseases while monitoring a patient. Then, we compare the number of messages needed to make a decision between the algorithms. In our approach, each sensor will make some computations in order to participate to the decision. Indeed, some computation and collaboration tasks are performed over the sensors and the final diagnosis is performed in a distributed way. During the experimentation of our algorithms, we used a real data flow extracted from hospital monitoring.
Proceedings of the 14th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC 2009), July 5-8, Sousse, Tunisia
Sousse, Tunisia

hal-00519593
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00519593

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : 6 pages, 4 figures. In ICML 2013 Workshop on Machine Learning for Bioacoustics
International audience
The work presented in this paper is part of a global framework which long term goal is to design a wireless sensor network able to support the observation of a population of endangered birds. We present the first stage for which we have conducted a knowledge discovery approach on a sample of acoustical data. We use MFCC features extracted from bird songs and we exploit two knowledge discovery techniques. One that relies on clustering-based approaches, that highlights the homogeneity in the songs of the species. The other, based on predictive modeling, that demonstrates the good performances of various machine learning techniques for the identification process. The knowledge elicited provides promising results to consider a widespread study and to elicit guidelines for designing a first version of the automatic approach for data collection based on acoustic sensors.
ICML 2013 Workshop on Machine Learning for Bioacoustics
Atlanta, United States

hal-00840741
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00840741
ARXIV : 1306.5349

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The aim of this study is to perform a simulation of large scale Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) working on medical diagnosis. The main feature of this WSN is its density and the fact that all sensors are in the same radio range. Our approach helps medical staff to diagnose diseases in an automatic way. In this context, each patient is equipped to a set of sensors. Each sensor is connected to a transducer dedicated to measure a specific health parameter . This WSN will perform some computations and run an alarm when some diseases are suspected. This technique is based on the population protocol to handle data exchanged between sensors. This approach is in fact an efficient distributed algorithm which implies that the diagnose may be done by any sensor dealing with the disease detection. The main result of this paper is: the method supports large scalability which proves its practicability for real cases.
Computers and Communications (ISCC), 2010 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications.
Riccione, Italy

hal-00519595
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00519595

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
A key issue for any project that aims to study endangered animals is the counting process. In this work, we propose an algorithm for automatic counting of singing birds in their habitat by using wireless sensors fitted with microphone. Sensors are used to record audio samples of bird songs and samples are analyzed to extract fingerprints that permit to recognize bird species. This paper details the counting algorithm that uses graph theory and audio inputs comparison. Finally, we demonstrate our scheme efficiency through experimentations.
International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks
Lucca, Italy

hal-00618563
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00618563
DOI : 10.1109/WoWMoM.2011.5986215

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
More and more animal species are endangered every day on earth. In order to study their adaptation to world and climate change and their chances of survival, numerous initiatives have been taken that mostly need human intrusion into animal communities. Today mobile devices enable researchers to go beyond this limit. In this paper, we propose an original solution that consists on a new framework for detecting individual songs in a bird population and identifying remotely by this way their collective behavior in movements without human interaction. Movement patterns are elicited by analyzing data collected via wireless sensors fitted with microphone. Whereas similar methods use mobile devices fitted on some specimens, we rather propose fixed sensors. We demonstrate that this solution provides a good answer to technical constraints assessed by the context and we discuss results of experimental simulations that allow to define optimized parameters for the architecture to be set up on the ground. Experimental results are provided and show the relative impact of different parameters such as the number of sensors or the population size on the detection rate.
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Advances in Mobile Computing and Multimedia (MOMM 2010)

hal-00601641
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00601641

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
In this paper, we focus on providing new tools to help doctors in their diagnosis. We study the feasibility of using a distributed approach over Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). We define a Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) as a set of wireless sensors which equipped a patient. Each sensor senses a health parameter, for example, temperature or heart pulse. Our aim is to understand how a distributed approach can be a fair alternative to the common centralized paradigm. We study a distributed approach based on the token paradigm. Then, we compare this approach to the centralized one, throw simulations and experimentations over real sensors.
11th International Conference on Innovative Internet Community Systems

hal-00602207
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00602207

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD ACM
Résumé : International audience
This study presents two algorithms that count birds with wireless sensors equipped with microphones. Audio inputs are parametrized to get some kind of fingerprints which are used to recognize the song of the birds in a classification process. Afterward, counting algorithms derive an estimate of the number of singing birds in the habitat. Unlike traditional approaches which leverage the audio waveform to get the location of the targets, we use a trilateration technique on graphs derived from the detection of the birds. These graphs exhibit nice properties which enable the finding of the estimate in polynomial time. Further, experiments are conducted and confirmm the efficiency of our counting algorithms even in the presence of noise.
Proceedings of the 6th ACM symposium on Performance evaluation of wireless ad hoc, sensor, and ubiquitous networks
New York, United States

hal-00602263
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00602263
DOI : 10.1145/1641876.1641891

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The aim of this study is to suggest two automated techniques able to help medical staff to detect earlier than usual some diseases using wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this context, a patient is equipped with physical sensors (for temperature, pressure, ..). This WSN will perform some computations and will run an alarm when a disease is suspected. The first technique uses a population protocol to handle data exchanged between motes and provides an efficient algorithm to suggest that a disease is diagnosed on a patient. The algorithm is distributed, i.e., the decision may be done by any mote dealing with the disease detection. The second technique uses a token algorithm where, some motes, denoted as masters. Each of them is in charge of deciding if a specific disease occurs. This technique is not totally distributed but enhances the network efficiency regarding to the energy consumption, the time execution and the number of exchanged messages.
Proceedings of The Ninth IEEE International Symposium on Networking Computing and Applications
Cambridge, MA, United States

hal-00519599
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00519599

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
This paper investigates an application of wireless sensor networks to highlight existing communities within bird populations by collecting and analyzing behavioral and social data. We propose a solution based on fixed sensors fitted with microphone, a method more suited to the context of birds. This kind of sensor provides a good mean to enable the automatic detection of bird songs and thus to elicit social interactions between individuals by analyzing the occurrence and location of songs into given regions. The underlying sensor network architecture we propose allows each item to capture individual and collective patterns, by measuring the frequency of interactions among birds and between birds and regions. In this paper, we discuss our motivation to design a new architecture, and advantages and limitations of the proposed method. We demonstrate the efficiency of our solution by experimentations conducted by our simulation tool called Lypus.
IEEE 36th Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN)
Bonn, Germany

hal-00656113
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00656113
DOI : 10.1109/LCN.2011.6115565

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Emerging high data rate wireless communication systems, currently under development, will operate at millimeter waves (MMW) and specifically in the 60 GHz band for broadband short-range communications. The aim of this study was to investigate potential effects of MMW radiation on the cellular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Human skin cell lines were exposed at 60.4 GHz, with incident power densities (IPD) ranging between 1 and 20 mW/cm(2) . The upper IPD limits correspond to the ICNIRP local exposure limit for the general public. The expression of ER-stress sensors, namely BIP and ORP150, was then examined by real-time RT-PCR. Our experimental data demonstrated that MMW radiations do not change BIP or ORP150 mRNA basal levels, whatever the cell line, the exposure duration or the IPD level. Co-exposure to the well-known ER-stress inducer thapsigargin (TG) and MMW were then assessed. Our results show that MMW exposure at 20 mW/cm(2) inhibits TG-induced BIP and ORP150 over expression. Experimental controls showed that this inhibition is linked to the thermal effect resulting from the MMW exposure. Bioelectromagnetics. 35:444-451, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ISSN: 0197-8462

hal-01063910
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01063910
DOI : 10.1002/bem.21864
PUBMED : 25099539