Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Cnidarian–dinoflagellate photosynthetic symbioses are fundamental to biologically diverse and productive coral reef ecosystems. The hallmark of this symbiotic relationship is the ability of dinoflagellate symbionts to supply their cnidarian host with a wide range of nutrients. Many aspects of this association nevertheless remain poorly characterized, including the exact identity of the transferred metabolic compounds, the mechanisms that control their exchange across the host–symbiont interface, and the precise subcellular fate of the translocated materials in cnidarian tissues. This lack of knowledge is mainly attributed to difficulties in investigating such metabolic interactions both in situ, i.e. on intact symbiotic associations, and at high spatial resolution. To address these issues, we illustrate the application of two in situ and high spatial resolution molecular and ion imaging techniques–matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) and the nano-scale secondary-ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) ion microprobe. These imaging techniques provide important new opportunities for the detailed investigation of many aspects of cnidarian–dinoflagellate associations, including the dynamics of cellular interactions.
ISSN: 0944-2006

hal-01546914
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01546914
DOI : 10.1016/j.zool.2014.06.006

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
This study aimed to identify factors associated with virological response (VR) to raltegravir (RAL)-containing regimens in 468 treatment-experienced but integrase inhibitor-naive HIV-1 patients receiving a RAL-containing regimen. VR was defined at Month 6 (M6) as HIV-1 RNA viral load (VL) <50 copies/mL. The impacts on VR of baseline integrase mutations, VL, CD4 count, genotypic sensitivity score for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors, and the number of new antiretrovirals used for the first time associated with RAL were investigated. For patients with VL >50 copies/mL at M6, integrase mutations selected were characterised. Median baseline VL was 4.2 log(10)copies/mL (IQR 3.3-4.9 log(10) copies/mL) and CD4 count was 219 cells/mm(3) (IQR 96-368 cells/mm(3)). At M6, 71% of patients were responders. In multivariate analysis, baseline VL and CD4 count and ≥ 2 new antiretrovirals among darunavir, etravirine, maraviroc and enfuvirtide were associated with VR to RAL. Neither HIV-1 subtype nor baseline integrase polymorphisms were associated with VR to RAL. Among 63 failing patients at M6, selection of ≥ 1 change in the integrase gene was observed in 49 (77.8%), and 27/63 (42.9%) were considered as RAL-associated resistance mutations. Factors independently associated with the occurrence of ≥ 1 RAL-associated resistance mutation were VL at failure >3 log(10) and having no new drugs associated with RAL. RAL showed great potency in treatment-experienced patients. The number of new drugs associated with RAL was an important factor associated with VR. HIV-1 subtype and baseline integrase polymorphisms do not influence the RAL VR.
ISSN: 0924-8579

hal-00875083
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875083
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.02.016
PUBMED : 23562640

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
VIth Southern Connection Congress
Bariloche, Argentina

hal-01115100
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01115100

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Designing biodiversity conservation plans requires knowledge on the biogeographic distribution of taxabut also accurate estimates of species richness and diversification processes. However, measuring the phyleticrichness can be biased by the use of inappropriate taxonomical characters, leading to erroneous speciesdelimitation and diversity estimates.This work explores the phyletic richness at several taxonomic levels (generic, specific and intraspecific) ofthe hydrozoan family Aglaopheniidae (Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890), with a particular focus on the South-Western Indian Ocean. Firstly, using several newly constructed phylogenies based on mitochondrial andnuclear markers, this study reveals that the phyletic diversity of this family is at underestimated by at least 50%:all studied genera are polyphyletic or with doubtful monophyletic status. Then, using several speciesdelimitation methods based on molecular markers, it sheds light on the richness of cryptic diversity of thisfamily, enlightening the potential of using an integrative taxonomic approach on these morphologically simpleorganisms. Finally, the population genetics of an Aglaopheniidae brooding species shows a high populationsstructuring with pervasive pattern of isolation by distance at several geographic scales (several to thousands ofkilometres), implying a potentially high cryptic diversity existing in this family.The results of this work provide new insights on Aglaopheniidae diversity, underlining the potentialinfluence of reproductive mode on the phyletic diversity and diversification processes of brooding hydrozoanbrooders. This thesis further highlights the relevance of using several complementary
La conservation et la gestion sur le long terme de la biodiversité nécessitent une connaissance de larépartition des taxons, mais également une estimation précise de leur diversité spécifique ainsi que desprocessus de spéciation ayant permis leur formation. Cependant, la mesure de la richesse phylétique peut êtrebiaisée par l’utilisation de caractères taxinomiques ne permettant pas de délimiter les espèces de manièreappropriée.Ce travail de thèse propose d’explorer la diversité phylétique à plusieurs niveaux taxinomiques(générique, spécifique et intra-spécifique) des Aglaopheniidae, une famille d’hydrozoaires, notamment présentedans le Sud-Ouest de l’océan Indien. Dans un premier temps, en utilisant des phylogénies basées sur plusieursmarqueurs (mitochondriaux et nucléaires), ce travail démontre que la diversité phylétique de cette famille est,au minimum, sous-estimée de moitié: tous les genres de la famille sont polyphyléthiques ou présentent un statutmonophylétique restant à confirmer. Dans un deuxième temps, l’utilisation de méthodes de délimitationd’espèces basées sur des données moléculaires met en évidence la diversité cryptique très élevée des morphoespècesétudiées, révélant l’intérêt potentiel des protocoles de taxinomie intégrative chez les organismesmorphologiquement simples. Enfin, l’étude de génétique des populations d’une espèce incubatriced’Aglaopheniidae révèle l’importance de la structuration des populations et de l’isolement par la distance chezcette espèce à plusieurs échelles géographiques (de quelques kilomètres à plusieurs milliers), impliquant unepotentielle diversité cryptique extrêmement élevée chez cette famille.L’ensemble des connaissances acquises lors de ce travail de thèse fournit un nouveau regard sur ladiversité de la famille des Aglaopheniidae, soulignant le potentiel impact du cycle de reproduction sur ladiversité phylétique et les processus de spéciation des hydrozoaires incubateurs. Cette thèse met en évidence lapertinence de l’utilisation de plusieurs procédures complémentaires de délimitation d’espèces pour étudier ladiversité des organismes morphologiquement simples.
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01359424

tel-01359424
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01359424
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01359424/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01359424/file/These%20manuscrit%20final.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Time-series bathymetric data acquired from 1967 to 2011 are used to evaluate the morphological evolution of the continental shelf and upper continental slope off the city of Nice (SE France, Ligurian Sea). Mapping in water depths of 0–300 m was undertaken to identify the changing morphology of landslide scars and their erosive chutes. Quantitative Digital Terrain Model (DTM) comparisons reveal areas of erosion and deposition over intervals of 5–8 years. Sediment remobilization events on the upper slope (above depths of 200 m) are frequent and significant; landslide scars with volumes > 25,000 m3 can occur with frequencies of < 8 years. Shelf break retreat toward the coastline can reach 60 m over 7–8 years where the continental shelf is wider (> 200 m). Periods of quiescence (1980–1990 and 2006–2011) are seen to alternate with periods when rapid retrogressive failure increase sediment volumes eroded from the upper slope-shelf transition by an order of magnitude (1999–2006). Temporal variations in landslide activity were correlated to several potential triggering factors that individually would not induce failures, including earthquake activity, rapid deposition of fine-grained sediments on a steep slope, and rainfall leading to fresh groundwater circulation below the shelf. This 4D bathymetric study suggests that over the last 50 years the most important factor triggering landslides offshore Nice is overpressure due to freshwater outflows.
ISSN: 0025-3227

hal-01346866
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01346866
DOI : 10.1016/j.margeo.2016.06.009

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : National audience
7èmes Journées Scientifiques du CNFRA
Paris, France

hal-01111171
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01111171

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Up-to-date estimates of the health outcomes of preterm children are needed for assessing perinatal care, informing parents, making decisions about care, and providing evidence for clinical guidelines. To determine survival and neonatal morbidity of infants born from 22 through 34 completed weeks' gestation in France in 2011 and compare these outcomes with a comparable cohort in 1997. The EPIPAGE-2 study is a national, prospective, population-based cohort study conducted in all maternity and neonatal units in France in 2011. A total of 2205 births (stillbirths and live births) and terminations of pregnancy at 22 through 26 weeks' gestation, 3257 at 27 through 31 weeks, and 1234 at 32 through 34 weeks were studied. Cohort data were collected from January 1 through December 31, 1997, and from March 28 through December 31, 2011. Analyses for 1997 were run for the entire year and then separately for April to December; the rates for survival and morbidities did not differ. Data are therefore presented for the whole year in 1997 and the 8-month and 6-month periods in 2011. Survival to discharge and survival without any of the following adverse outcomes: grade III or IV intraventricular hemorrhage, cystic periventricular leukomalacia, severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity (stage 3 or higher), or necrotizing enterocolitis (stages 2-3). A total of 0.7% of infants born before 24 weeks' gestation survived to discharge: 31.2% of those born at 24 weeks, 59.1% at 25 weeks, and 75.3% at 26 weeks. Survival rates were 93.6% at 27 through 31 weeks and 98.9% at 32 through 34 weeks. Infants discharged home without severe neonatal morbidity represented 0% at 23 weeks, 11.6% at 24 weeks, 30.0% at 25 weeks, 47.5% at 26 weeks, 81.3% at 27 through 31 weeks, and 96.8% at 32 through 34 weeks. Compared with 1997, the proportion of infants surviving without severe morbidity in 2011 increased by 14.4% (P < .001) at 25 through 29 weeks and 6% (P < .001) at 30 through 31 weeks but did not change appreciably for those born at less than 25 weeks. The rates of antenatal corticosteroid use, induced preterm deliveries, cesarean deliveries, and surfactant use increased significantly in all gestational-age groups, except at 22 through 23 weeks. The substantial improvement in survival in France for newborns born at 25 through 31 weeks' gestation was accompanied by an important reduction in severe morbidity, but survival remained rare before 25 weeks. Although improvement in survival at extremely low gestational age may be possible, its effect on long-term outcomes requires further studies. The long-term results of the EPIPAGE-2 study will be informative in this regard.
ISSN: 2168-6211

hal-01258705
http://hal.univ-brest.fr/hal-01258705
PUBMED : 25621457
DOI : 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.3351

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
Résumé : International audience
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence and determinants of diabetes in a cohort of HIV-infected adults initiated with combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) in 1997-1999 and followed up to 2009. DESIGN: Prospective study of 1046 patients at 47 French clinical sites. METHODS: Potential determinants of diabetes occurrence, defined by confirmed increased glycemia and/or initiation of antidiabetic treatment, were assessed by a proportional hazards model, including time-updated metabolic parameters and ART exposure. RESULTS: Among the cohort, representing 7846 person-years of follow-up (PYFU), 54% received indinavir, 75% stavudine and 52% didanosine. Overall, 111 patients developed diabetes, with an incidence of 14.1/1000 PYFU (14.6 in men, 12.6 in women). Incidence peaked in 1999-2000 (23.2/1000 PYFU) and decreased thereafter. The incidence of diabetes was associated [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), all P<0.02] with older age (hazard ratio = 2.13 when 40-49 years, hazard ratio = 3.63 when ≥50 years), overweight (hazard ratio = 1.91 for a BMI 25-29 kg/m(2), hazard ratio = 2.85 >30 kg/m(2)), waist-to-hip ratio (hazard ratio = 3.87 for ≥0.97 male/0.92 female), time-updated lipoatrophy (hazard ratio = 2.14) and short-term exposure to indinavir (0-1 year: hazard ratio = 2.53), stavudine (0-1 year: hazard ratio = 2.56, 1-2 years: hazard ratio = 2.65) or didanosine (2-3 years: hazard ratio = 3.16). Occurrence of diabetes was not associated with HIV-related markers, hepatitis C, hypertension or family history of diabetes. Insulin resistance was predictive for incident diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: In this nationwide cohort, followed for 10 years after cART initiation, diabetes incidence peaked in 1990-2000, was markedly higher than that reported for European uninfected or other HIV-infected populations (4-6/1000 PYFU) and linked with age and adiposity. Adiposity and glycemic markers should be monitored in aging HIV-infected patients.
ISSN: 0269-9370

hal-00875222
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875222
DOI : 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32834e8776
PUBMED : 22089377

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American College of Physicians
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Most clinical guidelines recommend that AIDS-free, HIV-infected persons with CD4 cell counts below 0.350 × 10(9) cells/L initiate combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), but the optimal CD4 cell count at which cART should be initiated remains a matter of debate. OBJECTIVE: To identify the optimal CD4 cell count at which cART should be initiated. DESIGN: Prospective observational data from the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration and dynamic marginal structural models were used to compare cART initiation strategies for CD4 thresholds between 0.200 and 0.500 × 10(9) cells/L. SETTING: HIV clinics in Europe and the Veterans Health Administration system in the United States. PATIENTS: 20, 971 HIV-infected, therapy-naive persons with baseline CD4 cell counts at or above 0.500 × 10(9) cells/L and no previous AIDS-defining illnesses, of whom 8392 had a CD4 cell count that decreased into the range of 0.200 to 0.499 × 10(9) cells/L and were included in the analysis. MEASUREMENTS: Hazard ratios and survival proportions for all-cause mortality and a combined end point of AIDS-defining illness or death. RESULTS: Compared with initiating cART at the CD4 cell count threshold of 0.500 × 10(9) cells/L, the mortality hazard ratio was 1.01 (95% CI, 0.84 to 1.22) for the 0.350 threshold and 1.20 (CI, 0.97 to 1.48) for the 0.200 threshold. The corresponding hazard ratios were 1.38 (CI, 1.23 to 1.56) and 1.90 (CI, 1.67 to 2.15), respectively, for the combined end point of AIDS-defining illness or death. Limitations: CD4 cell count at cART initiation was not randomized. Residual confounding may exist. CONCLUSION: Initiation of cART at a threshold CD4 count of 0.500 × 10(9) cells/L increases AIDS-free survival. However, mortality did not vary substantially with the use of CD4 thresholds between 0.300 and 0.500 × 10(9) cells/L.
ISSN: 0003-4819

hal-00875307
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875307
PUBMED : 21502648
DOI : 10.7326/0003-4819-154-8-201104190-00001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Morphology can be misleading in the representation of phylogenetic relationships, especially in simple organisms like cnidarians and particularly in hydrozoans. These suspension feeders are widely distributed in many marine ecosystems, and the family Aglaopheniidae Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890 is among the most diverse and visible, especially on tropical coral reefs. The taxonomy of this family is based on morphological characters with emphasis on reproductive structures for the identification of genera. This study is the most comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the Aglaopheniidae to date, including six genera and 38 species, of which 13 were investigated for the first time and sampled on tropical coral reefs throughout the Indo-Pacific region. For newly sampled individuals, we sequenced the 16S rRNA, the nuclear locus comprising the complete ITS1-5.8S rRNA gene-ITS2 and the first intron of the calmodulin nuclear gene. Phylogenetic analyses of the data revealed and confirmed a general polyphyly, or doubtful monophyly, of all sampled genera in tropical regions based on both the mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Our results revealed that several morphological characters used today are unsuited to resolve phylogenetic relationships between species and genera, as well as the high phyletic diversity within this family. Future revision of the classification of this family will require extensive geographic sampling and the use of an integrative approach.
ISSN: 0300-3256

hal-01253738
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01253738
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01253738/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01253738/file/Phylogenetic%20relationships%20within%20Aglaopheniidae%20%28Cnidaria%2C._hal.pdf
DOI : 10.1111/zsc.12135

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
Among pregnant women ibuprofen is one of the most frequently used pharmaceutical compounds with up to 28% reporting use. Regardless of this, it remains unknown whether ibuprofen could act as an endocrine disruptor as reported for fellow analgesics paracetamol and aspirin. To investigate this, we exposed human fetal testes (7-17 gestational weeks (GW)) to ibuprofen using ex vivo culture and xenograft systems. Ibuprofen suppressed testosterone and Leydig cell hormone INSL3 during culture of 8-9 GW fetal testes with concomitant reduction in expression of the steroidogenic enzymes CYP11A1, CYP17A1 and HSD17B3, and of INSL3. Testosterone was not suppressed in testes from fetuses younger than 8 GW, older than 10-12 GW, or in second trimester xenografted testes (14-17 GW). Ex vivo, ibuprofen also affected Sertoli cell by suppressing AMH production and mRNA expression of AMH, SOX9, DHH, and COL2A1. While PGE2 production was suppressed by ibuprofen, PGD2 production was not. Germ cell transcripts POU5F1, TFAP2C, LIN28A, ALPP and KIT were also reduced by ibuprofen. We conclude that, at concentrations relevant to human exposure and within a particular narrow â €' early window' of sensitivity within first trimester, ibuprofen causes direct endocrine disturbances in the human fetal testis and alteration of the germ cell biology. © The Author(s) 2017.
ISSN: 2045-2322

hal-01517095
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01517095
DOI : 10.1038/srep44184
PUBMED : 28281692

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
Seabirds concentrate nutrients from large marine areas on their nesting islands playing an important ecological role in nutrient transfer between marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Here we investigate the role of guano on corals reefs across scales by analyzing the stable nitrogen isotopic (delta N-15) values of the scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis on fringing reefs around two Pacific remote islets with large seabird colonies. Marine stations closest to the seabird colonies had higher nitrate + nitrite concentrations compared to more distant stations. Coral and zooxanthellae delta N-15 values were also higher at these sites, suggesting that guano-derived nitrogen is assimilated into corals and contributes to their nitrogen requirements. The spatial extent of guano influence was however restricted to a local scale. Our results demonstrate that seabird-derived nutrients not only spread across the terrestrial ecosystem, but also affect components of the adjacent marine ecosystem. Further studies are now needed to assess if this nutrient input has a positive or negative effect for corals. Such studies on remote islets also open fresh perspectives to understand how nutrients affect coral reefs isolated from other anthropogenic stressors.
ISSN: 2045-2322

hal-01681575
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01681575
DOI : 10.1038/s41598-017-03781-y

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD IOS Press
Résumé : International audience
The hematocrit-to-viscosity ratio (HVR) has been widely used has an estimate of red blood cell (RBC) oxygen transport effectiveness into the microvasculature or as an oxygen delivery index. However, no study investigated the possibility of HVR to truly reflect RBC oxygen transport effectiveness or to be an oxygen delivery index. We measured blood viscosity at high shear rate (225 s −1), hematocrit, HVR, as well as the microvascular oxyhemoglobin saturation (TOI; tissue oxygen index) by spatial resolved near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) at cerebral and muscle levels in three population known to have various degrees of hemorheological abnormalities: healthy subjects (AA), patients with sickle cell SC disease (SC) characterized by moderate anemia and patients with sickle cell anemia (SS) marked by severe anemia. At both the cerebral and muscle level, HVR was positively correlated with TOI (r = 0.28; p = 0.03 and r = 0.38; p = 0.003, at the cerebral and muscle level, respectively). These findings suggest that HVR probably play a key role in blood flow and hemodynamic regulation in the microvasculature, hence modulating the amount of oxygen available for tissues. Nevertheless, the strengths of the associations are weak (R 2 < 0.50), suggesting that other determinants modulate microvascular blood flow and oxygenation, such as vascular geometry and vasomotor reserve.
ISSN: 1386-0291

hal-01163460
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01163460
DOI : 10.3233/CH-131742

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
o abstract
Revue Des Maladies Respiratoires

hal-01647079
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01647079
DOI : 10.1016/j.rmr.2017.07.019
PUBMED : 28939154

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Society of Nephrology
Résumé : International audience
Since the recent publication of data showing favorable outcomes for patients with HIV-1 and ESRD, kidney transplantation has become a therapeutic option in this population. However, reports have documented unexplained reduced allograft survival in these patients. We hypothesized that the unrecognized infection of the transplanted kidney by HIV-1 can compromise long-term allograft function. Using electron microscopy and molecular biology, we examined protocol renal transplant biopsies from 19 recipients with HIV-1 who did not have detectable levels of plasma HIV-1 RNA at transplantation. We found that HIV-1 infected the kidney allograft in 68% of these patients. Notably, HIV-1 infection was detected in either podocytes predominately (38% of recipients) or tubular cells only (62% of recipients). Podocyte infection associated with podocyte apoptosis and loss of differentiation markers as well as a faster decline in allograft function compared with tubular cell infection. In allografts with tubular cell infection, epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubules frequently contained abnormal mitochondria, and both patients who developed features of subclinical acute cellular rejection had allografts with tubular cell infection. Finally, we provide a novel noninvasive test for determining HIV-1 infection of the kidney allograft by measuring HIV-1 DNA and RNA levels in patients' urine. In conclusion, HIV-1 can infect kidney allografts after transplantation despite undetectable viremia, and this infection might influence graft outcome.
ISSN: 1046-6673

hal-01121764
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01121764
DOI : 10.1681/ASN.2013050564
PUBMED : 24309185
PUBMEDCENTRAL : PMC3904571

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
Modern measures of diversity satisfy reasonable axioms, are parameterized to produce diversity profiles, can be expressed as an effective number of species to simplify their interpretation, and come with estimators that allow one to apply them to real-world data. We introduce the generalized Simpson’s entropy as a measure of diversity and investigate its properties. We show that it has many useful features and can be used as a measure of biodiversity. Moreover, unlike most commonly used diversity indices, it has unbiased estimators, which allow for sound estimation of the diversity of poorly sampled, rich communities.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-01276738
https://hal-agroparistech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01276738
https://hal-agroparistech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01276738v2/document
https://hal-agroparistech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01276738/file/Grabchak%20et%20al.%20-%202017%20-%20The%20Generalized%20Simpson%27s%20Entropy%20is%20a%20Measure%20of%20Biodiversity.pdf
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0173305

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01487167

hal-01487167
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01487167

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Surveillance of HIV-1 drug resistance in treated patients with plasma viral load (VL) >50 copies/mL. METHODS: The protease and reverse transcriptase (RT) genes were systematically sequenced in samples from 756 patients with VL >50 copies/mL in 2009. The genotyping results were interpreted for each antiretroviral drug (ARV) by using the ANRS algorithm v21. Weighted analyses were used to derive representative estimates of percentages of patients. Prevalence rates were compared with those obtained in 2004 among patients with VL >1000 copies/mL. RESULTS: Sequences were obtained for 506 patients. Sequencing was successful in 45%, 80% and 96% of samples with VL of 51-500, 501-1000 and >1000 copies/mL, respectively. Resistance or possible resistance to at least one ARV was observed in 59% of samples. Overall, 0.9% of samples contained viruses resistant to all drugs belonging to at least three drug classes. All resistance prevalence rates were significantly lower in 2009 than in 2004. CONCLUSION: In France, where 86% of patients were receiving combination antiretroviral therapy in 2009, only 15.0% of patients had a VL >50 copies/mL, suggesting that only 8.9% of treated patients could potentially transmit resistant viruses. Only 0.08% of patients harboured viruses fully resistant to at least three antiretroviral drug classes. Further studies are needed to determine whether resistance continues to decline over time.
ISSN: 0305-7453

hal-00875092
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875092
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dkt033
PUBMED : 23404192