Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The impact of basal core promoter (BCP) and precore (PC) mutants of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) on liver disease severity remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to screen BCP and PC mutations in 252 HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) positive carriers in France and to assess relationships between these mutations and severe fibrosis. METHODS: Direct sequencing of the precore/core gene was used to detect A1762T/G1764A and G1757A mutations in the BCP and G1896A and G1899A mutations in the PC region. RESULTS: The prevalences of A1762T/G1764A, G1757A, G1896A, and G1899A mutations were 34.1%, 38.7%, 54.9%, and 29.3% (P < 0.001), respectively. The independent predictors of severe fibrosis (>/=F3 Metavir) were older age (P < 0.001), male gender (P = 0.012), elevated alanine aminotransferase (P < 0.001), and the double A1762T/G1764A mutant with no other mutations (P = 0.011). Interestingly, the association of the G1899A mutation with the double A1762T/G1764A mutant significantly counteracted the deleterious effect of the sole double A1762T/G1764A mutant (odds ratio [OR] = 0.28 vs. OR = 3.55, respectively, P = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with the A1762T/G1764A mutation have a higher risk of severe fibrosis. The G1899A mutation is a protective factor against severe fibrosis that counteracted the deleterious effect of the A1762T/G1764A mutation. Finally, host phenotypic and HBV genotypic markers independently predict fibrosis severity.
Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology

hal-01477209
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01477209
DOI : 10.1111/jgh.13338
PUBMED : 26992056

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Clin Microbiol Infect ABSTRACT: Atypical Toxoplasma gondii strains, unrelated to archetypal clonal lineages (I, II, III), have been reported more frequently over the last decade in areas other than Europe and North America. A newly described form of toxoplasmosis, 'Amazonian toxoplasmosis' (AT), has been reported since 2002 in French Guiana. It is characterized by severe cases and atypical strains linked to a neotropical forest-based cycle. We report on the cases of AT that required intensive care management. We performed a prospective observational study on hospitalized adults in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) from 2002 to 2008. Clinical and laboratory data, microbiological findings and outcomes were recorded. Data, including the ICU simplified acute physiology score and the pneumonia severity index, were calculated. Epidemiological risk factors for AT were assessed through questionnaires. Eleven non-immunodeficient patients were admitted to the ICU in Cayenne for life-threatening pneumonia associated with disseminated toxoplasmosis. Mechanical ventilation was necessary in seven patients, four of whom required immediate orotracheal intubation. Cardiac and ophthalmological abnormalities were found in five and four patients, respectively. One patient died from multiple organ failure. The genetic characterization of Toxoplasma DNA using six microsatellite markers revealed unique and atypical genotypes in eight patients. All patients presented epidemiological risk factors for AT. In French Guiana, significant T. gondii-related infectious syndrome associated with the lungs, a high level of LDH activity and the reported risk factors for AT was strongly suggestive of disseminated toxoplasmosis with a possible trend toward life-threatening pneumonia.
ISSN: 1198-743X

hal-00678752
https://hal-unilim.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00678752
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03648.x
PUBMED : 21958195

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
SITIS Proceeedings

hal-00509493
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00509493

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The purpose of this article is to improve modeling of solar irradiance through the analysis of measurement data on the ground in the intertropical zone. For this, we identify, using information criteria, the probabilistic distributions introduced in two models of synthetic solar irradiance generation. We then validate the results by using the KL divergence and KSI parameter as comparison criteria between distributions arising from real and synthesized data. Our study confirms, for example, that the Gaussian classical distribution is not suitable for modeling solar irradiance, and we propose other more suitable statistical laws instead. The value of the identification procedure of the distribution laws presented in this article is that it ensures the production of solar irradiance data comparable in their statistical content to the measured data. Another advantage is that this procedure contributes to highlighting the time invariance of distribution laws representing the random terms. We conclude that this new information-criteria-based method permits the identification of the probability laws that best describe the statistical distributions introduced in models of synthetic solar irradiance generation.
ISSN: 0038-092X

meteo-01304572
https://hal-meteofrance.archives-ouvertes.fr/meteo-01304572
https://hal-meteofrance.archives-ouvertes.fr/meteo-01304572/document
https://hal-meteofrance.archives-ouvertes.fr/meteo-01304572/file/Manuscript_Hal.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.solener.2016.02.038

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The fusion of regions from segmentation is often a required step in order to analyze objects in the scene. It allows to group under a same closure property the partitions of an image, which denote the same object. In this way, several studies have been made. Most of the algorithms are based on global information to evaluate the relevance of region combinations and fusion. In this paper, we propose a merging process based on Gestalt vision's theory. The particularity of our method is to preserve photographer's region of interest thanks to the definition of a new criterion based on Di Zenzo gradient. Thus, region fusion preserves photographer's relevant objects of the scene. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using various natural images, including Berkeley image database and its accuracy is shown.
Color and Imaging Conference
San Jose, CA, United States

hal-00637144
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00637144

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Proceedings of VIPImage
Porto, Portugal

hal-00509491
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00509491

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
IEEE SPIE Remote Sensing Proceedings
Cardiff, United Kingdom

hal-00509494
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00509494

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Karger
Résumé : International audience
Cell Physiol Biochem
Tübingen, Germany

hal-01122597
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01122597
DOI : 10.1159/000335868

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
This paper deals with a comparison of different colour space in order to improve high resolution images classification. The background of this study is the measure of the agriculture impact on the environment in islander context. Biodiversity is particularly sensitive and relevant in such areas and the follow-up of the forest front is a way to ensure its preservation. Very high resolution satellite images are used such as QuickBird and IKONOS scenes. In order to segment the images into forest and agriculture areas, we characterize both ground covers with colour and texture features. A classical unsupervised classifier is then used to obtain labelled areas. As features are computed on coloured images, we can wonder if the colour space choice is relevant. This study has been made considering more than fourteen colour spaces (RGB, YUV, Lab, YIQ, YCrCs, XYZ, CMY, LMS, HSL, KLT, IHS, I1I2I3, HSV, HSI, etc.) and shows the visual and quantitative superiority of IHS on all others. For conciseness reasons, results only show RGB, I1I2I3 and IHS colour spaces.
SPIE Remote Sensing Proceedings
Cardiff, United Kingdom

hal-00602277
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00602277

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
La Montagne Pelée doit lʼessentiel de sa renommée à la nuée ardente du 8 mai 1902 qui détruisit la ville de Saint-Pierre. Cependant, bien avant cette date ses éruptions avaient joué un rôle important dans la vie des premiers martiniquais. Face à cette réalité, il ne nous paraissait pas convenable dʼentreprendre lʼétude du peuplement amérindien de lʼîle sans prendre en compte la dimension volcanique. Ainsi, différents chercheurs du GDR 1122 du CNRS « Hommes et Volcans avant lʼHistoire » sont associés au projet collectif de recherche « Le Néolithique martiniquais dans son contexte antillais ». Les résultats que nous présentons ici sʼappuient sur lʼanalyse de cinq sites amérindiens situés sur les pourtours de la Montagne Pelée où les travaux de terrain ont permis de mettre au jour une intéressante interstratification des niveaux dʼoccupation précolombiens et des couches éruptives. Lʼétude que nous avons menée sʼarticule autour de deux objectifs principaux : - premièrement, nous avons cherché à distinguer et à caler chronologiquement les différents épisodes volcaniques contemporains de lʼoccupation précolombienne de lʼîle, - deuxièmement, nous tenté de percevoir lʼinfluence de ces phénomènes volcaniques sur les populations amérindiennes. Les résultats obtenus permettent de mieux concevoir la dynamique et la chronologie du peuplement précolombien de la Martinique.
Actes du XIXéme Congrès international d'Archéologie de la Caraïbe,AIAC, Publication of the Museo Archeologico Arube vol. 9,The Government of Aruba, Volume II

halshs-00442761
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00442761

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
In the paper the following mixed equilibrium problem in a Hilbert space is considered: find x 2 C such that F(x, x)+hG(x), x−xi 0, 8x 2 C, where C is a nonempty convex closed subset of a real Hilbert space. For its solution a version of the proximal approach is studied. The general proximal method always includes a quadratic term of the kind |x−xn|2, which provides a process of transition from a point xn to a point xn+1. The authors replace this quadratic term by its linearization. Thus, they obtain a method of the kind F(xn+1, x)+hG(xn)+ −1(h 0(xn+1)−h 0(xk)), x−xn+1i 0, 8x 2 C, where h0 is the derivative of a given function on C. It is proved that if the function F(x, y) is monotone and convex in y for any x, F(x, x) = 0, and the operator G(x) is co-coercive, then the method weakly converges in a real Hilbert space to an equilibrium solution. Note that this result will also be true if the co-coercive condition is replaced by a monotonicity property. The Tikhonov regularization method (in the absence of disturbances and calculating auxiliary solutions approximately) is justified and its weak convergence in a Hilbert space is proved. It is known that the proximal method can always be interpreted as an implicit discret approximation of some differential equation or inclusion. Therefore the authors consider a differential inclusion for the extreme mapping. Permitting "-approximation for the function F(x, y) by means of a parametric family F(x, y, ") and assuming the strong monotonicity of the operator @F(x, y, ") (it is a very strong condition), the authors prove the convergence of the trajectory of the differential inclusion to an equilibrium solution.
Ill-posed variational problems and regularization techniques

hal-00773204
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00773204

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Résumé : International audience
In the fragmented colonial society of the West Indies during the slavery period, building up a stable family required to get over many obstacles. The status differences, the lack of fluidity in the marriage market and the deep redefinition of the gender relations are interrelated phenomenon which question both the marriage as being the unique pattern of family organization and the structuration of family ties. If the official conjugal model remains the norm for white Creole women, it is not true neither for their husband nor for free coloured people and slaves. Therefore, the expansion of adultery and people living as husband and wife, which were denounced particularly by the religious authorities, lead to a high rate and continuous growth of illegitimate births. As a consequence, family ties gradually develop with no institutional control, hence no traces of them in the different sources but it also gives them an obvious flexibility, especially for the slaves.
Dans les sociétés coloniales fragmentées des Antilles de la période esclavagiste, les obstacles à la constitution de familles stables sont nombreux. Les différences de statut, le manque de fluidité du marché matrimonial, et la redéfinition profonde des rapports de genre sont autant de phénomènes articulés qui remettent en cause le mariage comme élément unique d'organisation de la famille et de structuration des relations de parenté. Si le modèle conjugal reconnu par les autorités reste la norme obligée pour les femmes blanches créoles, il n'en est pas de même pour leurs maris et pour les populations de couleur libre ou esclave. Aussi, l'essor du concubinage et des relations adultérines, dénoncé en particulier par les autorités religieuses, se concrétise par une illégitimité des naissances élevée et en croissance continue. Les liens familiaux se construisent ainsi en partie en dehors du contrôle institutionnel, ce qui leur confère une invisibilité dans les sources, mais aussi une souplesse certaine, particulièrement chez les esclaves.
Annales de Demographie Historique

hal-00753581
https://hal-unilim.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00753581

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : In this note we show that the splitting scheme of Passty [7] as well as the barycentric-proximal method of Lehdili & Lemaire [4] can be used to approximate a zero of the extended sum of maximal monotone operators. When the extended sum is maximal monotone, we extend the convergence result obtained by Lehdili & Lemaire for convex functions to the case of maximal monotone operators. Moreover, we recover the main convergence results by Passty and Lehdili & Lemaire when the pointwise sum of the involved operators is maximal monotone.
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00783905

hal-00783905
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00783905
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00783905/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00783905/file/10.1.1.165.7044.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
In this note we show that the splitting scheme of Passty [13] as well as the barycentric-proximal method of Lehdili & Lemaire [8] can be used to approximate a zero of the extended sum of maximal monotone operators. When the extended sum is maximal monotone, we generalize a convergence result obtained by Lehdili & Lemaire for convex functions to the case of maximal monotone operators. Moreover, we recover the main convergence results of Passty and Lehdili & Lemaire when the pointwise sum of the involved operators in maximal monotone.
Studies in Computational Mathematics

hal-00778164
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00778164
DOI : 10.1016/S1570-579X(01)80022-7