Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Despite the importance of invertebrate resources for Pacific coral reef islands, few studies have specifically addressed the effects of harvesting on invertebrate assemblages including targeted and non-targeted species. The impacts of recreational harvesting on reef and seagrass invertebrate assemblages in New Caledonia (South Pacific) are investigated by comparing communities in non-MPA and MPA areas. Sampling was done using a standard core method on seagrasses and by visual survey along belt transects on reefs. A total of 371 species were recorded, 174 on seagrasses and 254 on reefs, with 57 common species. Reef and seagrass invertebrate communities were very different in MPA and non-MPA areas. On both habitats, MPAs were identified as undisturbed areas while non-MPAs were defined as moderately disturbed with a predominance of small-sized and opportunistic species. Fishing not only affects target species but also non-target species through secondary effects. These results highlight the necessity of a community based approach for the conservation of resources in tropical poorly known environments.
ISSN: 0165-7836

hal-01311486
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01311486
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01311486/document
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01311486/file/Harvesting%20effects%20on%20tropical%20invertebrate%20assemblages%20in%20New_hal.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.fishres.2015.02.001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Résumé : International audience
We studied the monogenean communities of 34 species of butterflyfish from the tropical Indo-West Pacific, identifying 13 dactylogyrid species (including two species that are presently undescribed). Monogenean assemblages differed significantly between host species in terms of taxonomic structure, intensity and prevalence. Parasite richness ranged from 0 (Chaetodon lunulatus) to 11 (C. auriga, C. citrinellus and C. lunula). Host specificity varied between the dactylogyrids species, being found on 2-29 of the 34 chaetodontid species examined. Sympatric butterflyfish species were typically parasitized by different combinations of dactylogyrid species, suggesting the existence of complex host-parasite interactions. We identified six clusters of butterflyfish species based on the similarities of their dactylogyrid communities. Dactylogyrid richness and diversity were not related to host size, diet specialization, depth range or phylogeny of butterflyfish species. However, there was a weak positive correlation between monogenean richness and diversity and host geographical range. Most communities of dactylogyrids were dominated by Haliotrema aurigae and H. angelopterum, indicating the importance of the genus Haliotrema in shaping monogenean communities of butterflyfishes. This study casts light on the structure of the monogenean communities of butterflyfishes, suggesting that the diversity and complexity of community structures arises from a combination of host species-specific parameters.
ISSN: 0031-1820

hal-01380679
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01380679
DOI : 10.1017/S0031182016001463

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Exposure to disturbance is rarely considered in marine protected area planning. Typically, representing and replicating the habitat types present within protected areas is used to spread the risk of protecting frequently disturbed sites. This was the approach used during the 2004 re-zoning of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP) via the Representative Areas Program. Over 10 years later, we examine whether the risk was spread by mapping exposure of coral reefs in the GBRMP to four disturbances that cause coral mortality: bleaching, tropical cyclones, crown-of-thorns starfish outbreaks, and freshwater inundation. Our objectives were to: (1) assess whether no-take areas include a range of disturbance regimes, and (2) identify coral reef areas with lower relative exposure. At least 13% and an average of 31% of reef locations in each of 11 exposure classes are included within no-take areas. A greater proportion of low-exposure areas are within no-take areas than high-exposure areas (34.2% vs. 28.3%). The results demonstrate the value of risk spreading when exposure data are not available while also showing that regularly assessing exposure increases capacity for adaptive, resilience-based reef management.
ISSN: 1755-263X

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
hal-01225201
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01225201
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01225201/document
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01225201/file/Maynard_et_al-2015-Conservation_Letters.pdf
DOI : 10.1111/conl.12198

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Paris : L'Harmattan
Résumé : International audience
En s'appuyant sur des observations ethnographiques longitudinales et des entretiens compréhensifs, cet article propose une description du fonctionnement socioculturel et une analyse des pratiques éducatives familiales des deux groupes considérés, ainsi qu'un regard sur l'évolution de ces facteurs dans le contexte mouvant du monde actuel. Une connaissance des pratiques éducatives de ces populations pourrait fournir aux enseignants et spécialistes des pistes de réflexion pour une meilleure prise en compte des besoins éducatifs des populations amérindiennes vivant sur les sites isolés des fleuves amazoniens et une adaptation de l'enseignement scolaire aux spécificités culturelles.
ISSN: 1967-5798

halshs-00730368
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00730368
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00730368v2/document
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00730368/file/Ailincai-Jund-Ali.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
This article documents several cases of widespread species, which usually mimic other widespread species throughout the Indo–Pacific, using endemic Marquesan species as a model and displaying endemic mimicry patterns. This discovery adds a new line of evidence to the uniqueness of the Marquesas Islands, which not only host a high number of endemic reef–fish species, but also endemic mimicry patterns.
ISSN: 0022-1112

hal-01338324
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01338324
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01338324/document
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01338324/file/2016_Delrieu%E2%80%90Trottin%20et%20al_When%20endemic.pdf
DOI : 10.1111/jfb.13050

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
Lateralization, i.e. the preferential use of one side of the body, may convey fitness benefits for organisms within rapidly-changing environments, by optimizing separate and parallel processing of different information between the two brain hemispheres. In coral reef-fishes, the movement of larvae from planktonic to reef environments (recruitment) represents a major life-history transition. This transition requires larvae to rapidly identify and respond to sensory cues to select a suitable habitat that facilitates survival and growth. This ‘recruitment’ is critical for population persistence and resilience. In aquarium experiments, larval Acanthurus triostegus preferentially used their right-eye to investigate a variety of visual stimuli. Despite this, when held in in situ cages with predators, those larvae that previously favored their left-eye exhibited higher survival. These results support the “brain’s right-hemisphere” theory, which predicts that the right-eye (i.e. left-hemisphere) is used to categorize stimuli while the left-eye (i.e. right-hemisphere) is used to inspect novel items and initiate rapid behavioral-responses. While these experiments confirm that being highly lateralized is ecologically advantageous, exposure to chlorpyrifos, a pesticide often inadvertently added to coral-reef waters, impaired visual-lateralization. This suggests that chemical pollutants could impair the brain function of larval fishes during a critical life-history transition, potentially impacting recruitment success.
ISSN: 2045-2322

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
hal-01585550
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01585550
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01585550/document
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01585550/file/s41598-017-09381-0.pdf
DOI : 10.1038/s41598-017-09381-0

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Geographical distribution of parasite species can provide insights into the evolution and diversity of parasiticcommunities. Biogeography of marine parasites is poorly known, especially because it requires anunderstanding of host-parasite interactions, information that is rare, especially over large spatial scales.Here, we have studied the biogeographical patterns of dactylogyrid parasites of chaetodontids, one of themost well-studied fish families, in the tropical Indo-west Pacific region. Dactylogyrid parasites were collectedfrom gills of 34 butterflyfish species (n = 560) at nine localities within an approximate area of62 million km2. Thirteen dactylogyrid species were identified, with richness ranging from 6 to 12 speciesat individual localities. Most dactylogyrid communities were dominated by Haliotrema angelopterum orHaliotrema aurigae, for which relative abundance was negatively correlated (q = !0.59). Parasite richnessand diversity were highest in French Polynesia and the Great Barrier Reef (Australia) and lowest in Palau.Three biogeographic regions were identified based on dactylogyrid dissimilarities: French Polynesia,characterised by the dominance of H. angelopterum, the western Pacific region dominated by H. aurigae,and Ningaloo Reef (Australia), dominated by Euryhaliotrema berenguelae. Structure of host assemblageswas the main factor explaining the dissimilarity (turnover and nestedness components of the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity and overall Bray-Curtis dissimilarity) of parasite communities between localities,while environment was only significant in the turnover of parasite communities and overall dissimilarity.Spatial structure of localities explained only 10% of the turnover of parasite communities. The interactionof the three factors (host assemblages, environment and spatial structure), however, explained the highestamounts of variance of the dactylogyrid communities, indicating a strong colinearity between the factors.Our findings show that spatial arrangement of chaetodontid dactylogyrids in the tropical Indo-westPacific is primarily characterised by the turnover of the main Haliotrema spp., which is mainly explainedby the structure of host assemblages.
ISSN: 0020-7519

hal-01562156
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01562156
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.01.006

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
With only a narrow opening through the Gibraltar and Suez Canals, the Mediterranean Sea is one of thelargest semi-enclosed seas. The marine flora and fauna are some of the richest in the world, relative to itssize, particularly in the coastal habitats, which are also characterized by numerous endemic speciesalthough the introduction of non-indigenous species threatens its rich and unique biodiversity. Followingthe opening of the Suez Canal, and in combination with shipping and aquaculture activities, nonindigenousspecies (NIS) introduction has had measurable impacts on the Mediterranean. Lagoon ecosystemsalong the French coastline, with approx. 100 NIS identified, are considered hot-spot areas forthese species. Rapid assessment sampling for sessile benthic species together with DNA barcoding is arapid, easy and cheap method to detect non-indigenous species. Two nearby and different ecosystemswere sampled for invertebrate species: Saint-Nazaire lagoon, a Special Protection Area within the Natura2000 Network and Canet port, a marina in a small village. The DNA barcoding tool for species identificationwas used for confirming the taxonomy. This showed that, despite the Saint-Nazaire Lagoonclassification within the Natura 2000 network, it is already contaminated with a single NIS that wasfound in high densities and is clearly beginning to dominate the system. It is proposed that a rapidassessment of the sampled environment and the DNA barcode approach are efficient and can providesufficient information on the new target species to be used in conservation planning and ongoingmanagement efforts.
ISSN: 0272-7714

hal-01488926
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01488926
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecss.2017.02.004

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera has the specific ability to produce pearls with the widest range of coloursamong all pearl oyster species. This pearl colour diversity originates from the mantle biomineralising tissue(graft) of the donor oyster, which is originally responsible for the variety of colours of the inner shell surface.This study aimed to: 1) assess the geographic distribution and establish a first stocklist of the colourful oysterphenotypes used as donors in French Polynesia, and 2) investigate the phenotypic relation between inner shellcolouration and the corresponding colour of harvested pearls. With the support of a pearl farmers' network,we investigated the different donor phenotype frequencies among five collection sites (Ahe, Apataki, Takaroa,TakumeandMangareva). This donor evaluation was made during grafting of pearl oysters (N=49,938) obtainedfrom collector stations. Results showed that pearl production is mainly based on six common colourful donorphenotypes classified as monochromatic and polychromatic profiles, which shown different frequenciesamong the collection sites. Experimental grafts (N=4640)were then realised and subsequent culture conductedat a single site in order to avoid pearl colour variation due to environmental influences. Traceability between donors(N=232) and pearls (N=2776), revealed that: 1) yellow (gold) and aubergine (reddish) pearls could bemostly obtained by using the monochromatic yellowand red donor phenotypes, respectively, and 2) one third toone quarter of grey pearlswas inevitably harvested, whatever the polychromatic phenotype chosen as the donor,which leaves at least half the harvest composed of the attractive green and peacock colours. This preliminarystocklist of colour range together with analysis of the colour phenotype transmission between inner shell andpearl provide the basis for producing multiple pearl oyster “colour lines” through hatchery propagation andwould be helpful for future selective breeding programs.Statement of relevance: Donor shell colour selection predict colours of pearls
ISSN: 0044-8486

hal-01489153
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01489153
DOI : 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.10.017

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
Regeneration of artificially induced lesions was monitored in nubbins of the branching coral Acropora muricata at two reef-flat sites representing contrasting environments at Réunion Island (21u079S, 55u329E). Growth of these injured nubbins was examined in parallel, and compared to controls. Biochemical compositions of the holobiont and the zooxanthellae density were determined at the onset of the experiment, and the photosynthetic efficiency (F v /F m) of zooxanthellae was monitored during the experiment. Acropora muricata rapidly regenerated small lesions, but regeneration rates significantly differed between sites. At the sheltered site characterized by high temperatures, temperature variations, and irradiance levels, regeneration took 192 days on average. At the exposed site, characterized by steadier temperatures and lower irradiation, nubbins demonstrated fast lesion repair (81 days), slower growth, lower zooxanthellae density, chlorophyll a concentration and lipid content than at the former site. A trade-off between growth and regeneration rates was evident here. High growth rates seem to impair regeneration capacity. We show that environmental conditions conducive to high zooxanthellae densities in corals are related to fast skeletal growth but also to reduced lesion regeneration rates. We hypothesize that a lowered regenerative capacity may be related to limited availability of energetic and cellular resources, consequences of coral holobionts operating at high levels of photosynthesis and associated growth.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-01369712
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01369712
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01369712/document
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01369712/file/journal.pone.0072618.PDF
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0072618

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
While the fire coral Millepora platyphylla is an important component of Indo-Pacific reefs,where it thrives in a wide range of environments, the ecological and biological processesdriving its distribution and population structure are not well understood. Here, we quantifiedthis species' population structure in five habitats with contrasting hydrodynamic regimes inMoorea, French Polynesia; two in the fore reef: mid and upper slopes, and three in thelagoon: back, fringing and patch reefs. A total of 3651 colonies of fire corals were mappedand measured over 45,000 m2 of surveyed reef. Due to the species' sensitivity to fragmentationin response to strong water movement, hydrodynamic conditions (e.g. waves, pass andlagoonal circulation) corresponded to marked differences in colony size distributions, morphologyand recruitment dynamics among habitats. The size structure varied among reefhabitats with higher proportions of larger colonies in calm nearshore reefs (fringing andpatch reefs), while populations were dominated by smaller colonies in the exposed forereefs. The highest densities of fire corals were recorded in fore reef habitats (0.12±0.20 n.m-2) where the proportion of recruits and juveniles was higher at mid slope populations(49.3%) than on the upper slope near where waves break (29.0%). In the latter habitat, mostcolonies grew as vertical sheets on encrusting bases making them more vulnerable to colonyfragmentation, whereas fire corals were encrusting or massive in all other habitats. Thelowest densities of M. platyphylla occurred in lagoonal habitats (0.02±0.04 n.m-2) characterizedby a combination of low water movement and other physical and biological stressors.This study reports the first evidence of population structure of fire corals
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-01561659
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01561659
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01561659/document
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01561659/file/millepora%20platyphylla.pdf
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0173513

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD L'Harmattan
Résumé : International audience
Au terme de la description de la création et de la gestion des grandes aires marines protégées, de l'examen de la situation particulière du Pacifique et de deux cas emblématiques des politiques nationales d'extension de ses zones protégées, peut-on...
Gouvernance, enjeux et mondialisation des grandes aires marines protégées

ISBN : 978-2-343-04160-5
hal-01333476
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01333476
IRD : fdi:010063183

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
The scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis type β is known to present a mixed reproduction mode: through sexual reproduction, new genotypes are created, while asexual reproduction insures their propagation. In order to investigate the relative proportion of each reproduction mode in P. damicornis type β populations from Reunion Island, Indian Ocean, clonal propagation along the west coast was assessed through four sampling sites with increasing geographical distance between sites. Coral colonies were sampled either exhaustively, randomly or haphazardly within each site, and genotypic diversity was assessed using 13 microsatellite loci over a total of 510 P. damicornis type β determined a posteriori from their mtDNA haplotype (a 840 bp sequenced fragment of the Open Reading Frame). Overall, 47% of all the sampled colonies presented the same multi-locus genotype (MLG), a superclone, suggesting that asexual propagation is extremely important in Reunion Island. Within each site, numerous MLGs were shared by several colonies, suggesting local clonal propagation through fragmentation. Moreover, some of these MLGs were found to be shared among several sites located 40 km apart. While asexual reproduction by fragmentation seems unlikely over long distances, our results suggest a production of parthenogenetic larvae. Despite shared MLGs, two differentiated clusters were enclosed among populations of the west coast of Reunion Island, revealing the necessity to set up appropriate managing strategies at a local scale.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-01450078
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01450078
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0169692

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD MDPI
Résumé : International audience
Marine ecosystems cover about 70% of the planet surface and are still an underexploited source of useful metabolites. Among microbes, filamentous fungi are captivating organisms used for the production of many chemical classes of secondary metabolites bound to be used in various fields of industrial application. The present study was focused on the collection, isolation, screening and genotyping of pigmented filamentous fungi isolated from tropical marine environments around La Réunion Island, Indian Ocean. About 150 micromycetes were revived and isolated from 14 marine samples (sediments, living corals, coral rubble, sea water and hard substrates) collected in four different locations. Forty-two colored fungal isolates belonging to 16 families, 25 genera and 31 species were further studied depending on their ability to produce pigments and thus subjected to molecular identification. From gene sequence analysis, the most frequently identified colored fungi belong to the widespread Penicillium, Talaromyces and Aspergillus genera in the family Trichocomaceae (11 species), then followed by the family Hypocreaceae (three species). This study demonstrates that marine biotopes in La Réunion Island, Indian Ocean, from coral reefs to underwater slopes of this volcanic island, shelter numerous species of micromycetes, from common or uncommon genera. This unstudied biodiversity comes along with the ability for some fungal marine inhabitants, to produce a range of pigments and hues.
ISSN: 2309-608X

hal-01657071
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01657071
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01657071/document
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01657071/file/14-%20Fouillaud%20et%20al.%2C%20J.%20of%20Fungi%202017.pdf
DOI : 10.3390/jof3030036

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
Tropical cyclone (TC) waves can severely damage coral reefs. Models that predict where to find such damage (the 'damage zone') enable reef managers to: 1) target management responses after major TCs in near-real time to promote recovery at severely damaged sites; and 2) identify spatial patterns in historic TC exposure to explain habitat condition trajectories. For damage models to meet these needs, they must be valid for TCs of varying intensity, circulation size and duration. Here, we map damage zones for 46 TCs that crossed Australia's Great Barrier Reef from 1985–2015 using three models – including one we develop which extends the capability of the others. We ground truth model performance with field data of wave damage from seven TCs of varying characteristics. The model we develop (4MW) out-performed the other models at capturing all incidences of known damage. The next best performing model (AHF) both under-predicted and over-predicted damage for TCs of various types. 4MW and AHF produce strikingly different spatial and temporal patterns of damage potential when used to reconstruct past TCs from 1985–2015. The 4MW model greatly enhances both of the main capabilities TC damage models provide to managers, and is useful wherever TCs and coral reefs co-occur.
ISSN: 2045-2322

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
hal-01330362
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01330362
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01330362/document
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01330362/file/srep26009.pdf
DOI : 10.1038/srep26009

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Paris : L'Harmattan
Résumé : International audience
En s'appuyant sur des observations ethnographiques longitudinales et des entretiens compréhensifs, cet article propose une description du fonctionnement socioculturel et une analyse des pratiques éducatives familiales des deux groupes considérés, ainsi qu'un regard sur l'évolution de ces facteurs dans le contexte mouvant du monde actuel. Une connaissance des pratiques éducatives de ces populations pourrait fournir aux enseignants et spécialistes des pistes de réflexion pour une meilleure prise en compte des besoins éducatifs des populations amérindiennes vivant sur les sites isolés des fleuves amazoniens et une adaptation de l'enseignement scolaire aux spécificités culturelles.
ISSN: 1967-5798

hal-01058307
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01058307
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01058307/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01058307/file/Ailincai_R._Jund_S._et_Ali_M._2012_._Comparaison_des_A_cosystA_mes_A_ducatifs_chez_deux_groupes_d_AmA_rindiens_WayA_pi_et_Wayana.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
9th Joint Natural Products Conference
Copenhague, Denmark

hal-01627312
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01627312

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
AimBiological invasions are major contributors to global change and native biodiversity decline. However, they are overlooked in marine conservation plans. Here, we examine for the first time the extent to which marine conservation planning research has addressed (or ignored) biological invasions. Furthermore, we explore the change of spatial priorities in conservation plans when different approaches are used to incorporate the presence and impacts of invasive species.LocationGlobal analysis with a focus on the Mediterranean Sea region.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature review consisting of three steps: (1) article selection using a search engine, (2) abstract screening and (3) review of pertinent articles, which were identified in the second step. The information extracted included the scale and geographical location of each case study as well as the approach followed regarding invasive species. We also applied the software Marxan to produce and compare conservation plans for the Mediterranean Sea that either protect, or avoid areas impacted by invasives, or ignore the issue. One case study focused on the protection of critical habitats, and the other on endemic fish species.ResultsWe found that of 119 papers on marine spatial plans in specific biogeographic regions, only three (2.5%) explicitly took into account invasive species. When comparing the different conservation plans for each case study, we found that the majority of selected sites for protection (ca. 80%) changed in the critical habitat case study, while this proportion was lower but substantial (27%) in the endemic fish species case study.Main conclusionsBiological invasions are being widely disregarded when planning for conservation in the marine environment across local to global scales. More explicit consideration of biological invasions can significantly alter spatial conservation priorities. Future conservation plans should explicitly account for biological invasions to optimize the selection of marine protected areas.
ISSN: 1366-9516

hal-01431351
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01431351
DOI : 10.1111/ddi.12491

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
Marine biological invasions threaten biodiversity worldwide. Here we explore how Marine Protected areas, by reducing human use of the coast, confer resilience against the introduction of non-indigenous species (NIS), using two very different Pacific islands as case studies for developing and testing mathematical models. We quantified NIS vectors and promoters on Vancouver (Canada) and Moorea (French Polynesia) islands, sampled and barcoded NIS, and tested models at different spatial scales with different types of interaction among vectors and between marine protection and NIS frequency. In our results NIS were negatively correlated with the dimension of the protected areas and the intensity of the protection. Small to medium geographical scale protection seemed to be efficient against NIS introductions. The likely benefit of MPAs was by exclusion of aquaculture, principally in Canada. These results emphasize the importance of marine protected areas for biodiversity conservation, and suggest that small or medium protected zones would confer efficient protection against NIS introduction.
ISSN: 2045-2322

hal-01381251
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01381251
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01381251/document
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01381251/file/rate%20of%20biological%20invasions.pdf
DOI : 10.1038/srep33013

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Academic Press
Résumé : International audience
Marines Protected Areas (MPAs) are commonly used around the world as management tools to promote the sustainable use of marine resources. It is assumed that MPAs secure human livelihoods and well-being by protecting marine ecosystems and ecosystem services. However, the links between ecological effects of MPAs and services have rarely been explored. Here we review the different impacts of MPAs on ecosystem functioning and service provision. Results highlight that empirical evidence for positive effects of MPAs on ecosystem service provision by coastal marine ecosystems is accumulating. Finally, we identified knowledge gaps on which future research efforts could focus and empower marine resource managers to make more informed decisions and maximize the value derived from their natural resource base.
Aquatic Functional Biodiversity: an Ecological and Evolutionary Perspective

ISBN : 978-0-12-417015-5
hal-01199217
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01199217
DOI : 10.1016/B978-0-12-417015-5.00009-8