Breaking Sexual Silences in the Caribbean - Workshop Programme Auteur(s) : Breaking Sexual Silences Project Éditeur(s) : University of the West Indies Cave Hill/University of Reading University of the West Indies Cave Hill/University of Reading ( Barbados ) Résumé : (Funding) Support for the development of the technical infrastructure and partner training provided by the United States Department of Education TICFIA program. Outline from the website at http://www.reading.ac.uk/minorities/Projects/min-project-breaking-sexual-silences.aspx In recent years, some of the most urgent and highly-charged public and political debates in the Caribbean have centred on sexual citizenship and gay rights. To date, popular cultural forms and the acute homophobia of the dancehall have dominated national and international attention. The very public exchanges between Caribbean musicians and western-based gay rights campaigners have given the region a reputation for homophobia, intolerance and hate crimes. This project seeks to shift the axes of these debates by drawing on a recent body of Caribbean creative writing that addresses issues of sexual self-determination and sexual diversity in a more positive and progressive way. It will make visible the possibilities for understanding sexual differences and the modes of reconciliation to be found in a literary archive. The project will also engage a group of Caribbean scholars across other disciplines to develop a new language for articulating sexual difference. It will stage a panel debate for a Caribbean public, as well as producing academic publications and supporting graduate work. Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution. | Partager |
Sexual and Gender Minorities Baseline: The Situation in Guyana Auteur(s) : Magda Fiona Wills Éditeur(s) : UNDP Guyana UNDP Guyana ( Guyana ) Résumé : (Funding) Support for the development of the technical infrastructure and partner training provided by the United States Department of Education TICFIA program. While the global response to HIV and AIDS has realized several successes in achieving universal access to prevention, care and treatment to date, challenges persist in ensuring equal access to these services for most at risk populations. The epidemiology of HIV reflects a stark disparity in access to prevention and treatment services for neglected most-at risk populations, such as men who have sex with men (MSM). World-wide, MSM often experience higher rates of HIV relative to the total population. The reasons for this dynamic are multi-faceted and include high risk behaviors, and cultural as well as structural barriers. For MSM in developing countries, for example, basic services for prevention and treatment of HIV infection have yet to reach the large majority of men. Homophobia and discrimination limit access of MSM to prevention services and markedly increase vulnerability, as do criminalization of same-sex behavior. Decriminalization of same-sex behavior is a structural intervention for prevention of HIV infection and has recently been embraced by a nonbinding statement from the United Nations (Beyrer C,Clin Infect Dis. 2010 May 15;50 Suppl 3:S108-13) In the Caribbean, all of the above mentioned barriers exist. In fact, recent evidence demonstrates that there is a correlation between the decriminalization of homosexuality and lower rates of HIV (UNAIDS). This correlation is attributed to improved access to services. Therefore, The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) has recently launched an initiative to address the current situation regarding men who have sex with men in Guyana where the HIV prevalence in this population is 19.4% in contrast to 1.8% in the total population. This rapid assessment has been commissioned to supplement two previous studies that were conducted in Guyana in informing the design of upcoming activities to support local capacity building to enhance access to services and respect for the human rights protections for MSM. Unfortunately, in Guyana, like much of the Caribbean, MSM tend to be a hard to reach population, perhaps due to elevated levels of stigma and discrimination and difficulty in accessing men who might participate in high risk same sex behaviors yet do not self-identify as an MSM. As a result, there is a relative paucity of data concerning the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of this total population in Guyana. (i.e. those who self –identify and those who do not) The baseline report is organized as follows: the methodology is explained followed by the study limitations, the review (literature and desk). The report then proceeds with describing the reality of work and working with sexual and gender minorities in Guyana, the status quo and entry points. The main findings of the capacity assessment and focus groups are then discussed. Issues relating to the uniformed forces and health services providers are then presented followed by discussions and conclusions. Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution. | Partager |
Comparaison des écosystèmes éducatifs chez deux groupes d'Amérindiens : les Wayãpi et les Wayana Auteur(s) : Ailincai, Rodica Jund, Sandrine Alì, Maurizio Auteurs secondaires : Modèles, Dynamiques, Corpus (MoDyCo) ; Université Paris Nanterre (UPN) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Centre de recherches et de ressources en éducation et formation (CRREF) ; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) Sociétés Traditionnelles et Contemporaines en Océanie (EA 4241) (EASTCO) ; Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF) Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Paris : L'Harmattan Résumé : International audience En s'appuyant sur des observations ethnographiques longitudinales et des entretiens compréhensifs, cet article propose une description du fonctionnement socioculturel et une analyse des pratiques éducatives familiales des deux groupes considérés, ainsi qu'un regard sur l'évolution de ces facteurs dans le contexte mouvant du monde actuel. Une connaissance des pratiques éducatives de ces populations pourrait fournir aux enseignants et spécialistes des pistes de réflexion pour une meilleure prise en compte des besoins éducatifs des populations amérindiennes vivant sur les sites isolés des fleuves amazoniens et une adaptation de l'enseignement scolaire aux spécificités culturelles. ISSN: 1967-5798 halshs-00730368 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00730368 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00730368v2/document https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00730368/file/Ailincai-Jund-Ali.pdf | Partager |
Durban - A subtropical coastal paradise? Tourism dynamics in a post-apartheid city Auteur(s) : Maharaj, Brij Pillay, Vino Sucheran, Reshma Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes Résumé : This paper examines the changing fortunes of Durban as a tourist city from the apartheid to the post apartheid eras. Durban has long earned its prime position as one of South Africa’s most popular year‑round tourist destination. In keeping with the dictates of apartheid, the city catered largely for the needs of the white minority, while that of the black majority was largely ignored. With political changes and shifts in both the international and domestic markets, an effort had to be made to reposition tourism in the city. In order to successfully promote its tourism opportunities, Durban attempted to enhance its image and appeal by promoting its sports, convention and cultural attractions. The democratic transition of the 1990s provided many challenges, the most enduring of which was the need to cater for the emerging black tourist market. There was also an urgency to address problems of crime and grime, disparities in the distribution of labour market opportunities, especially in terms of race and gender within the tourism sector. A serious threat to tourism in Durban is unemployment and alienation of the majority of African people from the industry. Ce document examine l'évolution des dynamiques touristiques de la ville de Durban dans un contexte post-apartheided. La ville de Durban s’est imposée comme l'une des destinations touristiques les plus populaires d’'Afrique du Sud. En accord avec les diktats de l'apartheid, pour satisfaire les souhaits d’une minorité blanche, l’organisation de la ville avait ignoré les besoin de la majorité noire. Aujourd’hui la ville de Durban se repositionne sur l’échiquier touristique, portée par les changements politiques intérieurs et les opportunités des marchés touristiques internationaux et nationaux. Afin de se positionner avec succèssur ce marché, la ville de Durban renforce son image autour de la promotion son front de mer, des sports nautiques, du tourisme de congrés, et des animations culturelles. La transition démocratique des années 1990 a fourni de nombreux défis et oppportunités dans la première sur le plan touristique fut de se positionner sur le nouveau marché touristique noir. Cal passe aussi par les urgence à résoudre sur le plan de la criminalité, de l’hygiène et de la résorption des disparités sur le marché du travail, en particulier en termes de race et de l'égalité des sexes dans le secteur du tourisme. Les plus sérieuses limites pour le tourisme à Durban sont le chômage et la marginalisation de la majorité des African people. Afrique du Sud Durban Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.1192 http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/1192 | Partager |
Minorization and the process of (de)minoritization : the case of Kali'na in French Guiana Auteur(s) : Léglise, Isabelle Alby, Sophie Auteurs secondaires : Centre d'Études des Langues Indigènes d'Amérique (CELIA) ; Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (Inalco) - Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Institut universitaire de formation des maîtres - Guyane (IUFM Guyane) ; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD De Gruyter Résumé : International audience This article examines the case of Kali'na, a minority Indigenous language of French Guiana, from the point of view of descriptive categories available in the literature (namely dominated language, minoritized language, endangered language). These terms are discussed, favouring more dynamic categories which focus on processes (minoritization/deminoritization). The article uses both micro- and macrosociolinguistic levels of analysis. At the macro level, indicators are proposed to gauge the minorization of Kali'na as it occurs on the scale of Guiana as a whole, by observing attitudes towards Kali'na language and culture, particularly as expressed in the media and in epilinguistic comments made by speakers. At the local level, we explore the effects of the recognition by the State of a Kali'na township and their influence on language minoritization in the village and more generally at the level of the linguistic community. We also attempt to determine to what extent, as far as interactions are concerned, alternations and code switching between Kali'na and French might constitute indicators of the process of minoritization or deminoritization or of language death currently underway. ISSN: 0165-2516 halshs-00292394 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00292394 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00292394/document https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00292394/file/2006-leglise-alby-minorization.pdf | Partager |
L'enseignement en Guyane et les langues régionales : réflexions sociolinguistiques et didactiques Auteur(s) : Alby, Sophie Léglise, Isabelle Auteurs secondaires : Institut universitaire de formation des maîtres - Guyane (IUFM Guyane) ; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) Centre d'Études des Langues Indigènes d'Amérique (CELIA) ; Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (Inalco) - Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD M.L.M.S. Publisher Résumé : International audience This paper deals with educational language policy in the French overseas department of Guiana regarding the introduction of regional languages and cultures in school. It provides analyzes of recent official discourses of the Educational institution, of ordinary discourses of different social actors as well as a critical insight into the school's and future teachers' curricula. Taking into account sociolinguistic results in French Guiana, we discuss two main points in the present policy: the distinction drawn between regional languages and other languages and the distinction drawn between so-called “heterogeneous” and ethnically and linguistically “homogenous” schools. Cet article traite de la politique linguistique éducative actuellement en vigueur en Guyane Française concernant la prise en compte des langues et cultures régionales dans ce département d'Outre Mer. Au travers d'une analyse des discours officiels de l'institution scolaire, des différentes actions mises en place dernièrement et des discours ordinaires des enseignants sur le terrain, il interroge les politiques actuellement en œuvre. S'appuyant sur des résultats d'enquêtes sociolinguistiques et sur un point de vue didactique, il critique un traitement doublement différencié : entre certaines langues « dites régionales » depuis leur mention dans le rapport Cerquiglini et les autres, et entre des publics scolaires dits « hétérogènes » et ceux considérés comme ethniquement et linguistiquement « homogènes ». ISSN: 1626-3154 halshs-00181072 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00181072 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00181072/document https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00181072/file/01_ml102005_alby_leglise1.pdf | Partager |
La culture, comme ressort de la diffusion touristique dans l’archipel indonésien Auteur(s) : Cabasset, Christine Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes Résumé : Cet article met en lumière le processus d’expansion de l’espace touristique en Indonésie. Dans ce vaste archipel qui se caractérise par une très grande diversité environnementale et culturelle, la « Culture » constitue traditionnellement l’axe de communication majeur. Bien qu’étant un « Monde d’une diversité infinie », le pays connaît pourtant une grande concentration spatiale du tourisme. Bali est depuis toujours la première destination touristique du fait de sa renommée et de son antériorité en matière d’infrastructures. Sous le coup de la croissance des arrivées touristiques internationales que l’Indonésie a connu entre 1969 et 1997, de la volonté de l’Etat de diffuser l’activité touristique dans d’autres régions de l’archipel, de la quête de « culture » d’une partie des touristes, un mouvement d’expansion va bien avoir lieu, notamment vers des minorités ethniques « primitives ». Ce mouvement d’expansion, bien que marginal par rapport aux flux principaux, est cependant remis en cause avec la crise touristique que l’Indonésie traverse depuis 1998, dont l’attentat de Bali en octobre 2002 fut le point d’orgue. This article focuses on the process of expansion of tourism in Indonesia. In this vast archipelago of immense environmental and cultural diversity, “culture” has been its main tourist promotion theme. Even though Indonesia is a “world of infinite diversity”, its tourist spots are highly concentrated in a few regions. Undoubtedly Bali remains THE place to visit given its fame and early infrastructural developments. However, due to the phenomenal growth in the numbers of international tourists between 1969 and 1997, the State's desire to diffuse tourism to other regions of the Archipelago, and the quest for “culture” by some tourists - tourism in Indonesia has expanded, especially to regions of “primitive” ethnic minorities. This expansion, even if marginal related to the mains streams, has been seriously threatened since 1998 by the crisis in tourism in Indonesia - of which the bombing in Bali in October 2002 was the pinnacle. Indonésie Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.1132 http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/1132 | Partager |
Minorization and the process of (de)minoritization: the case of Kali'na in French Guiana Auteur(s) : Léglise, Isabelle Alby, Sophie Auteurs secondaires : Centre d'Études des Langues Indigènes d'Amérique (CELIA) ; Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (Inalco) - Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Institut universitaire de formation des maîtres - Guyane (IUFM Guyane) ; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD De Gruyter Résumé : International audience This article examines the case of Kali'na, a minority Indigenous language of French Guiana, from the point of view of descriptive categories available in the literature (namely dominated language, minoritized language, endangered language). These terms are discussed, favouring more dynamic categories which focus on processes (minoritization/deminoritization). The article uses both micro- and macrosociolinguistic levels of analysis. At the macro level, indicators are proposed to gauge the minorization of Kali'na as it occurs on the scale of Guiana as a whole, by observing attitudes towards Kali'na language and culture, particularly as expressed in the media and in epilinguistic comments made by speakers. At the local level, we explore the effects of the recognition by the State of a Kali'na township and their influence on language minoritization in the village and more generally at the level of the linguistic community. We also attempt to determine to what extent, as far as interactions are concerned, alternations and code switching between Kali'na and French might constitute indicators of the process of minoritization or deminoritization or of language death currently underway. ISSN: 0165-2516 hal-00239307 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00239307 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00239307/document https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00239307/file/2006-leglise-alby-IJSL.pdf | Partager |
L'émigration des Guadeloupéens et des Martiniquais au Panama et la contribution de leur descendance à l'essor de la Nation de 1880 à 2008 ; The emigration of the inhabitants of Guadeloupe and Martinique to the Panama and the contribution of their descendants to the development of the nation from 1880 till 2008 Auteur(s) : Gaël-Moutou, Marie-Françoise Auteurs secondaires : Antilles-Guyane Yacou, Alain Égéa, Pierre Résumé : Nous traiterons successivement des circonstances de l'émergence du Panama depuis la période précolombienne, les premières expéditions espagnoles à la recherche d'un détroit vers les Indes, de l'indépendance du Panama. Dans la première partie, nous traiteront de l'Isthme du Panama comme terre de passage et de son Canal de1880 à 1914, du rêve séculaire à la réalité où, successivement, nous étudierons son destin français, sa position entre intérêts français et aspirations américaines. Les États-Unis et le Panama nous conduiront à traiter de l'installation des Américains, la construction du Canal (1904-1914) ; les traités Carter-Torrijos, entre compromis et ambiguïtés. La deuxième partie traitera des stratégies de développement du Panama; l'importance des facteurs socioéconomiques et la dynamique des structures sociopolitiques seront mises en exergue. L'intégration des Antillais de Guadeloupe et de Martinique dans le cercle communautaire panaméen de 1914 à nos jours. Àcet égard, nous traiterons des apports de la culture antillaise dans la représentation panaméenne, un brassage culturel. En troisième lieu, leur contribution à l'essor de la nation. Il s'agira ici d'étudier les arts et la culture, la musique et les danses, la littérature et la linguistique de même que les revendications culturelles des minorités ethniques. Enfin, nous orienterons nos recherches sur la question de l'unité panaméenne à l'aube du Ille millénaire, l'organisation des diverses communautés et l'installation européenne au Panama. We will successively deal with the circumstances of the emergence of Panama since the pre-Colum bian period, the first Spanish shipping expeditions in search of a strait towards India, and the independence of Panama. ln the first part, we shall deal with the Isthmus of Panama as a land of passage and with its Channel from 1880 to 1914, from the secular dream to reality where, successively, we shall study its French fate, its position in regards to French interests and American aspiration. The relationship between the United States and Panama will lead us to deal with the settling of the Americans, the construction of the Channel (1904-1914), the "Carter-Torrijos" treaties, between compromises and ambiguities. The second part will deal with strategies of development for Panama; the importance of socioeconomic factors and the dynamics of the sociopolitical structures will be highlighted. The integration of the people of Guadeloupe and Martinique in the Panamanian community circle from 1914 to nowadays. In this respect, we shall treat contributions of the French West Indian culture within the Panamanian representation; the cultural admixture. In the third part, their contribution at the development of the Panamanian nation. The issue will be to study arts and culture, music and dances, Iiterature and Iinguistics as weil as the cultural demands from ethnic minorities. Finally, we shall direct our researches towards the question of Panamanian unity at the dawn of the third millennium, the organization of the diverse communities and the European settling in Panama http://www.theses.fr/2010AGUY0393/document | Partager |
Transgenic (cyp19a1b-GFP) zebrafish embryos as a tool for assessing combined effects of oestrogenic chemicals. Auteur(s) : Petersen, Karina Fetter, Eva Kah, Olivier Brion, François Scholz, Stefan Tollefsen, Knut Erik Auteurs secondaires : Institut de recherche, santé, environnement et travail [Rennes] (Irset) ; Université d'Angers (UA) - Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - Université de Rennes 1 (UR1) - École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP) - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ) Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS) Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Résumé : International audience Endocrine disrupting chemicals and especially oestrogen receptor (ER) agonists have been extensively studied over the years due to their potential effects on sexual development and reproduction in vertebrates, notably fish. As ER agonists can exist as complex mixtures in the aquatic environment, evaluating the impact of combined exposure on oestrogenic effects has become increasingly important. Use of predictive models such as concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) has allowed assessment of combined estrogenic effects of complex multi-compound mixtures of ER agonists in various fish in vitro and in vivo experimental models. The present work makes use of a transgenic zebrafish strain, tg(cyp19a1b-GFP), which expresses the green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the cyp19a1b (brain aromatase or aromatase B) gene to determine the oestrogenic potency of ER agonists alone or in mixtures. In these studies, tg(cyp19a1b-GFP) zebrafish embryos were exposed for four days (from one to five days post fertilization) to five different oestrogenic chemicals; 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), 17β-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), bisphenol A (BPA) and 4-tert-octylphenol (OP), and three mixtures of up to four of these compounds. The mixture of BPA, OP and E2 was also tested with primary cultures of rainbow trout hepatocytes by analysing the ER-mediated induction of the oestrogenic biomarker vitellogenin in order to compare the performance of the two methods for assessing oestrogenic effects of complex mixtures. The three tested mixtures were predominantly acting in an additive manner on the expression of GFP. Additivity was indicated by the overlap of the 95% confidence interval of the concentration response curves for the observed data with the CA and IA prediction models, and model deviation ratios within a factor of two for a majority of the mixture concentrations. However, minor deviations determined as more than additive effects for the mixture of EE2, E1 and E2 and less than additive effects for the mixture of BPA, OP, EE2 and E1 were observed at the higher mixture concentrations tested. The successful prediction of additivity by CA and IA in tg(cyp19a1b-GFP) zebrafish embryos and deviations at high mixture concentrations seemed to correspond well to results obtained in the rainbow trout hepatocyte assay. The present results clearly show the usefulness of combining predictive modelling and use of in vitro bioassays for rapid screening of oestrogenic effects of complex mixtures and environmental samples. ISSN: 0166-445X hal-00877351 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00877351 DOI : 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.05.001 PUBMED : 23721851 | Partager |
Entre violence, sexualité et luttes sociales : le destin paradoxal du dancehall ; Violence, sexuality and social struggles, : the paradoxical destiny of dancehall music Auteur(s) : Marie-Magdeleine, Loïc Auteurs secondaires : Antilles-Guyane Elbaz, Gilbert Résumé : Ce travail analyse le dancehall, dernière forme en date de la musique jamaïcaine, à travers les questions de violence et de sexualité. Cette musique rencontre des difficultés sur le plan local et international non seulement à cause des thématiques abordées mais aussi par la manière dont elles sont traitées. Ainsi, le traitement de la violence à travers le gun talk, ces textes faisant l’apologie des armes à feu, entraîne des critiques, on leur reproche d’être des incitations à la violence physique, psychologique, au désordre social et on juge leur influence négative. Par ailleurs, l’approche très explicite et très crue de la sexualité entraîne également des critiques du fait de la teneur misogyne et homophobe de certaines chansons.Par conséquent, cette étude du dancehall explique les raisons pour lesquelles le contexte particulier de la Jamaïque a conduit à ce genre de propos. Puis, elle démontre que les textes incriminés pour homophobie ou misogynie renferment une codification de la sexualité qui va au-delà de l’orientation sexuelle et de l’opposition hétérosexualité/homosexualité, pour ériger un modèle valorisant et valorisé en termes de pratiques sexuelles (le coït pénis/vagin). Pour répondre à ces questions, cette analyse s’appuie sur une série d’outils offrant une vision cohérente de cette musique : les travaux précédents sur le dancehall, les traductions d’un large éventail de chansons, l’utilisation de l’Internet qui permet de suivre les derniers déroulements de ce phénomène culturel en constante évolution et enfin les entretiens et les enquêtes menés sur le terrain. Completely different to play a part in the social unrest that this country is facing. The second part of the thesis focuses on the issues of violence and sexuality in dancehall music. It shows how politics and religion have a strong influence on the population and offer some legitimacy to the lyrics which lead to the controversies surrounding dancehall music. On the one hand, religion is the cornerstone of this society (although Jamaicans have integrated some principles and do not pay much attention to others) and determines what should be endorsed or rejected. On the other hand, the politicians apply some sort of physical and psychological violence to maintain their leading position. In addition, these politicians rely on the contempt for homosexuality to create cohesion within a society that is deeply characterized by divisions and tensions of all kinds. In the Jamaican context that is deeply influenced by patriarchal values, the individuals of the lower social strata (especially males) who experience difficulties to obtain a valorizing social status can turn to violence and criminal activities, and will hang to heterosexuality and “moral” sexual practices as vehicles to restored self-esteem (this vision of sexuality is one of the only valorizing aspects of masculinity that any individual can rely on regardless of their social status). Consequently, these sexual archetypes are expressed through the lyrics of dancehall music and are promoted by the artists of dancehall, self-proclaimed spokesperson for the Jamaican population. The third part addresses the issue of the perception of dancehall music on the international level through the issue of sexuality and homosexuality. This part shows that even though the language used by the artists can be hardly understood, some lyrics leave the listeners with different way of interpreting the message, especially when it comes to threatening some people physically or psychologically on the ground of sexual orientations and practices. These songs which express strong criticism towards some individuals have triggered vehement reactions from sexual minority groups. Different campaigns on the international level have forced the artists to tone down their lyrics. These campaigns show how the music is also utilized by these gay groups to fight against discrimination. Because of or thanks to the media attention that Jamaican music enjoys, the homosexuals are able to expose to the public opinion the physical and psychological violence they are experiencing in Jamaica. In addition, the close geographic, cultural and economic relationship between Jamaica and the USA shows, on the one hand, how homosexuality is perceived on the island as an imposed foreign value and on the other hand, how this Caribbean country is labeled as a homophobic nation. And finally, the influence of Jamaica on the international level allows us to analyze dancehall music in the French Caribbean islands. This chapter shows how these local artists can use the Jamaican codes and adapt them to their own reality when they correspond with the values of their own society. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGUY0728/document | Partager |