Résumé : Depuis 2001, le Service de la Pêche (SPE) a initié un projet de recherche sur la domestication de deux espèces de poissons lagonaires « Mo’i » (Polydactylus sexfilis) et le « Paraha peue », (Platax orbicularis) en collaboration avec l’Ifremer du Centre de Tahiti. La collaboration a pour objectif essentiel de maîtriser le cycle de reproduction complet et la zootechnie des deux espèces. Toutefois, ces élevages ont été rapidement confrontés à des épisodes de mortalités. Pour répondre à ces problèmes récurrents et en fonction des différentes hypothèses émises lors des mortalités, plusieurs techniques d’analyse complémentaires ont été développées (état frais, histologie, bactériologie, biologie moléculaire). Des traitements spécifiques ont été proposés aussi bien au niveau thérapeutique que préventif en soutien à la filière aquacole. Ce rapport de convention comporte cinq parties. La première partie décrit les différentes techniques d’analyse mises en oeuvre pour détecter les principaux organismes pathogènes rencontrés chez les poissons en élevage au COP. Selon les hypothèses infectieuses émises lors des épisodes de mortalités, différentes techniques sont utilisées : état frais, histologie, bactériologie et biologie moléculaire. Dans la deuxième partie, nous détaillons les principaux agents pathogènes rencontrés lors des expertises durant cette convention. Une description précise de chaque bioagresseur est établie, accompagnée des différentes méthodes d’identification et de diagnostic. Des traitements spécifiques sont proposés aussi bien au niveau thérapeutique que préventif. La troisième partie, une description des techniques d’écloserie et d’élevage réalisées au COP est présentée avec un point particulier sur les mesures prophylactiques développées et améliorées. Ces éléments constituent un soutien technique pour la filière aquacole polynésienne. Une partie est consacrée aux différentes collaborations mise en place dans le domaine de la santé aquacole. Elles ont pour objectif l’acquisition de connaissances au niveau du diagnostic, du traitement et de la prévention des pathologies rencontrées en milieu aquacole. La mise en place de ce réseau international d’experts sera un soutien pour un diagnostic précis et rapide des nouvelles pathologies survenants dans les élevages aquacoles polynésiens. La dernière partie de ce rapport retrace l’expertise effectuée par le laboratoire de référence de l’OIE sur les élevages de crevettes (Litopenaeus stylirostris). Cette analyse permet d’évaluer l’état sanitaire actuel des élevages locaux. Il déterminera les mesures de bioscurisation à mettre en oeuvre pour protéger la filière crevetticole.

Droits : 2008 Ifremer, Service de la pêche
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00128/23884/21817.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00128/23884/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Coral bleaching events threaten coral reef habitats globally and cause severe declines of local biodiversity and productivity.Related to high sea surface temperatures (SST), bleaching events are expected to increase as a consequenceof future global warming. However, response to climate change is still uncertain as future low-latitude climatic conditionshave no present-day analogue. Sea surface temperatures during the Eocene epoch were warmer than forecastedchanges for the coming century, and distributions of corals during the Eocene may help to inform models forecastingthe future of coral reefs. We coupled contemporary and Eocene coral occurrences with information on their respectiveclimatic conditions to model the thermal niche of coral reefs and its potential response to projected climate change.We found that under the RCP8.5 climate change scenario, the global suitability for coral reefs may increase up to 16%by 2100, mostly due to improved suitability of higher latitudes. In contrast, in its current range, coral reef suitabilitymay decrease up to 46% by 2100. Reduction in thermal suitability will be most severe in biodiversity hotspots, especiallyin the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Our results suggest that many contemporary hotspots for coral reefs,including those that have been refugia in the past, spatially mismatch with future suitable areas for coral reefs posingchallenges to conservation actions under climate change.
ISSN: 1354-1013

hal-01145464
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01145464
DOI : 10.1111/gcb.12868

Résumé : Reconnus dans toute la zone intertropicale comme outils d'aménagement incontournables des petites pêches côtières, les DCP (Dispositifs de Concentration de Poissons) ont été implantés autour de La Réunion à partir de 1988 et gérés collectivement par le Comité Régional des Pêches. Ces DCP côtiers, ancrés à quelques milles des ports de pêche ont permis un redéploiement d'une grande partie de l'effort de pêche vers les espèces pélagiques du large, diminuant ainsi la pression exercée sur les espèces récifales côtières. La présente étude a pour objectifs de mettre à jour les connaissances techniques et économiques sur le "système DCP", autour des pêcheurs, de la pêche sur DCP et des DCP eux-mêmes. Une enquête des usages et des perceptions des pêcheurs vis-à-vis des DCP ancrés a été réalisée auprès de plus de la moitié des patrons de la petite pêche réunionnaise. Les principaux types d’usages et de stratégies mettent en évidence la forte polyvalence des pêcheurs, qui pratiquent quasiment tous la pêche sur DCP dont une majorité (51%) montrant un degré de dépendance élevé vis-à-vis de l’outil. Les DCP sont plébiscité par l’ensemble des pêcheurs, au titre de l’aménagement durable de la zone côtière, pour éviter report de la pression de pêche sur les ressources démersales. La pêche plaisance sur DCP est pointée du doigt, comme un facteur important de perturbation du système (conflits sur DCP, non-respect de la règlementation, etc…). Des sorties en mer ont rapporté les activités de pêche de façon détaillée : description des opérations de pêche, variabilité spatiale de la productivité de chaque DCP, apports des DCP ancrés dans la compétitivité économique des entreprises. Mais avec 25 marées seulement et le parc de DCP à moitié en place, seule la méthode et de premiers résultats ont pu être obtenus Ces sorties en mer doivent être poursuivies. L'exploitation des données 2002-2012 du Comité Régional des Pêches de La Réunion sur sa gestion du parc de DCP permet une description précise des évènements et des coûts concernant les DCP : poses, entretiens, pertes, etc. Il en ressort que la durée de vie moyenne des DCP ne dépasse guère 14 mois, avec une grande disparité géographique (durées de vie plus faibles au nord et à l’est), et un délai de repose conséquent de 5 mois1/2 en moyenne. L'analyse des coûts de maintenance et de main d'œuvre met en lumière la nécessité de stabiliser les financements sur un budget de 70 à 80 k€ /an pour permettre un taux optimum de remplissage du parc (> 80 %). Des perspectives d’amélioration technologique des dispositifs sont également présentées, tant sur la ligne de mouillage que sur le choix des flotteurs. Le modèle intermédiaire PLK à chapelet renforcé testé à la Réunion en mai 2012 sur 5 DCP semble être un compromis intéressant pour la Réunion à court et moyen terme pour les DCP ancrés les plus au large. Outre la poursuite des sorties en mer pour le suivi halieutique détaillé il convient maintenant d'engager une réflexion globale sur la gouvernance du "système DCP" à La Réunion (financement, gestion). Les enjeux sont essentiels pour le secteur de la petite pêche artisanale réunionnaise.

Droits : 2012 Ifremer, CRPM La réunion, PARETO Ecoconsult
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00109/22027/19679.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00109/22027/19680.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00109/22027/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Polygonal faulting is a widespread phenomenon in sedimentary basins worldwide. It changes basin-scale fluid flow patterns and alters the physical properties of the sediments making it important for hydrocarbon exploration and geohazard analysis. It is generally accepted that polygonal fault patterns derive from dewatering and compaction of the host sediments, but there is debate regarding the processes that control polygonal faulting. New multibeam-bathymetry data from the Hatton Basin, NE Atlantic, show up to 10 m deep and 200-600 m wide troughs at the seabed. They connect to each other forming polygons that are several hundred metres across, i.e. of similar size as buried polygonal fault systems observed in 3D seismic data. The troughs are symmetrical and resemble elongated pockmarks. Previously unpublished high-resolution 2D seismic data from the same area show seismic disturbance zones similar to pipes observed under pockmarks elsewhere as well as faults that have all the characteristics of polygonal fault systems. The observation of the wide disturbance zones is enigmatic, as they appear to follow the polygonal seafloor pattern. The observed extent of the polygonal sediment contraction system is substantial covering almost 37,000 km2. We calculate that some 2600 km3 of possibly carbon-bearing fluids have been expelled from this system and we expect that this will affect the benthic ecosystems, although so far there is only limited evidence for chemosynthetic habitats.
ISSN: 0025-3227

hal-00772468
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00772468
DOI : 10.1016/j.margeo.2012.09.013

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
Treacher Collins/Franceschetti syndrome (TCS; OMIM 154500) is a disorder of craniofacial development belonging to the heterogeneous group of mandibulofacial dysostoses. TCS is classically characterized by bilateral mandibular and malar hypoplasia, downward-slanting palpebral fissures, and microtia. To date, three genes have been identified in TCS:,TCOF1, POLR1D, and POLR1C. We report a clinical and extensive molecular study, including TCOF1, POLR1D, POLR1C, and EFTUD2 genes, in a series of 146 patients with TCS. Phenotype-genotype correlations were investigated for 19 clinical features, between TCOF1 and POLR1D, and the type of mutation or its localization in the TCOF1 gene. We identified 92/146 patients (63%) with a molecular anomaly within TCOF1, 9/146 (6%) within POLR1D, and none within POLR1C. Among the atypical negative patients (with intellectual disability and/or microcephaly), we identified four patients carrying a mutation in EFTUD2 and two patients with 5q32 deletion encompassing TCOF1 and CAMK2A in particular. Congenital cardiac defects occurred more frequently among patients with TCOF1 mutation (7/92, 8%) than reported in the literature. Even though TCOF1 and POLR1D were associated with extreme clinical variability, we found no phenotype-genotype correlation. In cases with a typical phenotype of TCS, 6/146 (4%) remained with an unidentified molecular defect.
ISSN: 1098-3600

hal-01134364
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01134364
DOI : 10.1038/gim.2015.29
PUBMED : 25790162

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The modern high topography of the Tianshan resulted from the reactivation of a Paleozoic orogenic belt by the India/Asia collision. Today, the range exhibits tectonically active forelands and intermontane basins. Based on quantitative morphotectonic observations and age constraints derived from cosmogenic 10Be dating, single-grain post-infrared infrared stimulated luminescence (p-IR IRSL) dating and modeling of fault scarp degradation, we quantify the deformation in the Nalati and Bayanbulak intermontane basins in the central Eastern Tianshan. Our results indicate that at least 1.4 mm/yr of horizontal crustal shortening is accommodated within these two basins. This shortening represents over 15% of the 8.5 ± 0.5 mm/yr total shortening rate across the entire range at this longitude. This shortening rate implies that the Eastern Central Tianshan is thickening at a mean rate of ∼1.4 mm/yr, a rate that is significantly higher than the average denudation rate of 0.14 mm/yr derived from our cosmogenic analysis. This discrepancy suggests that the Tianshan range has not yet reached a steady-state topography and remains in a transient state of topographic growth, most likely due to limited denudation rates driven by the arid climate of Central Asia.
ISSN: 0012-821X

insu-01610154
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01610154
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2017.09.025

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
Résumé : International audience
The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of first-line combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) regimen on the course of CD8 + T-cell counts in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. A retrospective observational study conducted on the French DAT'AIDS Cohort of HIV-infected patients. We selected 605 patients initiating a first-line cART between 2002 and 2009, and which achieved a sustained undetectable HIV plasma viral load (pVL) for at least 12 months without cART modification. The evolution of CD8 + T-cell counts according to cART regimen was assessed. CD8 + T-cell counts were assessed in 572 patients treated with 2NRTIs+1PI/r (n= 297), 2NRTIs+1NNRTI (n= 207) and 3NRTIs (n= 68). In multivariate analysis, after 12 months of follow-up, the 3NRTIs regimen was associated with a significantly smaller decrease of CD8 + T-cell count compared with NNRTI-containing regimens (–10.2 cells/mL in 3NRTIs vs –105.1 cells/mL; P=0.02) but not compared with PI-containing regimens (10.2 vs –60.9 cells/mL; P=0.21). After 24 months, the 3NRTIs regimen was associated with a smaller decrease of CD8 + T-cell count and % compared with PI/r-and NNRTI-containing regimens (0.2 in 3NRTIs vs –9.9 with PI/r-regimens, P=0.001, and vs –11.1 with NNRTI-regimens, p < 0.0001). A focus analysis on 11 patients treated with an INSTI-containing cART regimen during the study period showed after 12 months of follow-up, a median decrease of CD8 + T-cell count of –155 [inter quartile range: –302; –22] cells/mL. Our data highlight the fact that cART regimens have differential effects on CD8 pool down regulation. Abbreviations: cART = combined antiretroviral therapy, HIV = human immunodeficiency virus, INSTI = integrase strand transfer inhibitor, NNRTI = non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor, NRTI = nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor, PI/r = Ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor, pVL = plasma viral load.
ISSN: 0025-7974

inserm-01408002
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01408002
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01408002/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01408002/file/2016%2C%20Poizot-Martin%20-%20First-line%20cART%20regimen%20impacts%20the%20course%20of%20CD8%2B%20T-cell%20counts%20in%20HIV-infected%20patients.pdf
DOI : 10.1097/MD.0000000000005087

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
PurposeMarine mangrove sediments in the Manche-à-Eau lagoon (Guadeloupe, Caribbean Sea) harbor locally extensive, white microbial mats. These mats cover the surface of reduced sediments near the roots of red mangrove trees, Rhizophora mangle, and are mainly composed of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria belonging to the Beggiatoaceae family, with some filamentous cyanobacteria. The goal of this study was to investigate the possible influence of sediment characteristics on the presence of these microbial mats.Materials and methodsFour push cores were collected in April 2013, two from zones with microbial mats and two from zones without mats. Sediment characteristics (grain-size distribution, mineralogy, total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents, atomic TOC/TN ratios, and organic matter (OM) δ13C values) were compared for all four cores.Results and discussionSignificant differences were observed between sediments below microbial mats and those without mats. Sediments with microbial mats contained greater amounts of clay, and higher TOC, TN, and TOC/TN ratios, with lower total carbonate content and δ13C values. The higher clay content most likely results from lower fluid flow velocity near to mangrove roots, while higher TOC/TN ratios and lower δ13C values indicate higher inputs of OM from mangrove trees. These results are consistent with the fact that microbial mats were observed near the roots of mangrove trees, which trap OM from terrestrial vegetation and fine sediments.ConclusionsThe grain-size distribution of sediment particles, the total carbonate content, and the δ13C values are the main parameters discriminating between zones with microbial mats and those without mats. Variations in total carbonate content, which is mainly of biogenic origin, result from conditions that are more favorable for benthic organisms in zones without microbial mats. Variations of the TOC/TN ratios are controlled by the presence of a non-negligible amount of inorganic nitrogen bound to surface clay mineral particles and/or by microbial processes.
ISSN: 1439-0108

hal-01545903
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01545903
DOI : 10.1007/s11368-016-1555-6

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Porous thin films considered for applications like separation, sensing and microelectronic have to sustain mechanical stresses during their integration process or in working conditions. Thanks to recent progress in processing methods, it is now possible to precisely control the porosity and combine ordered mesopores with randomly-distributed macropores to achieve hierarchically porous materials. The mechanical properties of thin films containing different types of porosity (ordered meso, random macro and hierarchical) have been investigated by means of nanoindentation. In particular a method recently proposed by Li and Vlassak (H. Li, J.J. Vlassak, Journal of Materials Research 24 (2009) 1114-1126) is applied to account for the substrate effect. Residual indent impressions were imaged by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to provide some insights in the mechanical behavior of the films. In addition, experimental indentation moduli are compared to theoretical predictions obtained via Finite Element (FE) analysis. The different porous structures have been modeled by FE to obtain the effective elastic properties from which the indentation modulus can be inferred. Finally, the experimental-model differences are discussed. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ISSN: 1387-1811

hal-01683194
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01683194
DOI : 10.1016/j.micromeso.2010.09.004

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
AimEcological connectivity is currently considered to be essential to enhance biodiversity conservation efforts and benefit adjacent areas. We evaluate the spatial structure of vulnerable marine benthic invertebrate populations based on connectivity to improve the placement of marine protected areas.LocationGulf of Lions, NW Mediterranean Sea.MethodsWe used a spatially explicit metapopulation model to explore how larval dispersal affects marine benthic invertebrate dynamics at local and regional scales. Minimum recruitment success (the proportion of larvae that settle in a site and survive between spawning and first reproduction, which is required to ensure species persistence) is proposed as a measure of vulnerability. Three contrasting simulations were constructed: closed versus connected populations, habitat loss versus recruitment failure disturbances and varying patterns of oceanographic connectivity. The rescue factor (the ratio of minimum recruitment success in connected and closed populations) quantified the decrease in vulnerability because of oceanographic connectivity.ResultsIn the Gulf of Lions, connectivity reduced population vulnerability by a rescue factor of 5.3. The minimum recruitment success for regional persistence decreased from 3% to 0.2% when species' life expectancies increased from 2 to 50 years. Connectivity enabled the spread of individuals over the entire region, but there were higher densities in sink sites, where low retention rates do not allow for local persistence (western tip of the gulf). Source sites, defined as those sites bringing metapopulation resistance to recruitment failure and stresses from habitat loss, were located in the centre of the gulf.Main conclusionsConnectivity drives the spatial structure of population density distribution and population vulnerability in the absence of any other structuring factor. In the Gulf of Lions, marine protected areas are located in population sinks; however; if protection measures were taken in the central part, populations would benefit throughout the region via the rescue effect.
ISSN: 1366-9516

hal-01341743
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01341743
DOI : 10.1111/ddi.12254

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Cumulative human impacts have led to the degradation of marine ecosystems and thedecline of biodiversity in the European and contiguous seas. Effective conservationmeasures are urgently needed to reverse these trends. Conservation must entail societalchoices, underpinned by human values and worldviews that differ between the countriesbordering these seas. Social, economic and political heterogeneity adds to the challenge ofbalancing conservation with sustainable use of the seas. Comprehensive macro-regionalcoordination is needed to ensure effective conservation of marine ecosystems andbiodiversity of this region. Under the European Union Horizon 2020 framework programme,the MarCons COST action aims to promote collaborative research to support marinemanagement, conservation planning and policy development. This will be achieved bydeveloping novel methods and tools to close knowledge gaps and advance marineconservation science. This action will provide support for the development of macro-regional and national policies through six key actions: to develop tools to analysecumulative human impacts; to identify critical scientific and technical gaps in conservationefforts; to improve the resilience of the marine environment to global change and biologicalinvasions; to develop frameworks for integrated conservation planning across terrestrial,freshwater, and marine environments; to coordinate marine conservation policy acrossnational boundaries; and to identify effective governance approaches for marine protectedarea management. Achieving the objectives of these actions will facilitate the integration ofmarine conservation policy into macro-regional maritime spatial planning agendas for theEuropean and contiguous seas, thereby offsetting the loss of biodiversity and ecosystemservices in this region.
Research Ideas and Outcomes

hal-01474085
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01474085
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01474085/document
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01474085/file/RIO_article_11884.pdf
DOI : 10.3897/rio.3.e11884

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : We describe for the first time a set of large active thrusts and folds near the foot of the easternmost Algerian margin, Western Mediterranean, from swath bathymetry and high-resolution seismic data acquired in 2005 during the Maradja2/Samra cruise. This active system resumes a previous passive margin and creates growth strata deposition on the limbs of large folds, resulting in the development of perched basins at the foot of the margin since less than similar to 1 Ma. They form a set of overlapping fault segments verging toward the Algerian basin, in a way similar to what has been observed off eastern Algiers on the rupture zone of the 2003 Mw 6.8 Boumerdes earthquake. The horizontal shortening rate across large folds is estimated to be of the order of 1 mm/yr. Although no historical earthquakes are reported here, these fault segments could have been responsible for large (M similar to 7.5) events in the past. This young tectonic system further supports the hypothesis of subduction inception of the Neogene oceanic lithosphere in the context of the Africa-Eurasia convergence.
Marine Geology (0025-3227) (Elsevier), 2009-06 , Vol. 261 , N. 1-4 , P. 17-32

Droits : 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/publication-6850.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.margeo.2008.05.016
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6850/

Éditeur(s) : Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd
Résumé : The EUNIS (European Union Nature Information System) habitat classification system aims to provide a common European reference set of habitat types within a hierarchical classification, and to cover all terrestrial, freshwater and marine habitats of Europe. The classification facilitates reporting of habitat data in a comparable manner, for use in nature conservation (e.g. inventories, monitoring and assessments), habitat mapping and environmental management. For the marine environment the importance of a univocal habitat classification system is confirmed by the fact that many European initiatives, aimed at marine mapping, assessment and reporting, are increasingly using EUNIS habitat categories and respective codes. For this reason substantial efforts have been made to include information on marine benthic habitats from different regions, aiming to provide a comprehensive geographical coverage of European seas. However, there still remain many concerns on its applicability as only a small fraction of Europe's seas are fully mapped and increasing knowledge and application raise further issues to be resolved. This paper presents an overview of the main discussion and conclusions of a workshop, organised by the MeshAtlantic project, focusing upon the experience in using the EUNIS habitats classification across different countries and seas, together with case studies. The aims of the meeting were to: (i) bring together scientists with exper_ience_in the use of the EUNIS marine classification and representatives from the European Environment Agency (EEA); (ii) agree on enhancements to EUNIS that ensure an improved representation of the European marine habitats; and (iii) establish practices that make marine habitat maps produced by scientists more consistent with the needs of managers and decision-makers. During the workshop challenges for the future development of EUNIS were identified, which have been classified into five categories: (1) structure and hierarchy; (2) biology; (3) terminology; (4) mapping; and (5) future development. The workshop ended with a declaration from the attendees, with recommendations to the EEA and European Topic Centre on Biological Diversity, to take into account the outputs of the workshop, which identify weaknesses in the current classification and include proposals for its modification, and to devise a process to further develop the marine component of the EUNIS habitat classification. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Marine Pollution Bulletin (0025-326X) (Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd), 2012-12 , Vol. 64 , N. 12 , P. 2630-2638

Droits : 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00125/23663/22686.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.10.010
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00125/23663/

Éditeur(s) : Inter-Research
Résumé : Situated in the north of the Mozambique Channel, Mayotte is the easternmost island of the Comoros Archipelago. From 1998 to 2005, Grande Saziley beach was monitored daily for green turtle Chelonia mydas nesting activity. Track surveys were monitored daily on 5 other adjacent beaches. Although nesting occurs throughout the year, nesting seasonality begins at the end of the wet season and intensifies during the dry season to reach an average nesting peak in June. In order to estimate the number of females nesting in the Saziley site and population trends over the study period, incubation success and number of nests per female and per season were estimated at 0.77 (±0.05 SD) and 3.03 (±0.37) respectively. With an average of 1545 nesting turtles per year (±439), the change in nesting numbers over the study period was so small that the population can be regarded as stable, with an estimated annual mean growth rate of 0.912, confirmation that this population is both stable and in good health. Added support for this argument is demonstrated by the fact that the annual carapace size distribution of nesting females is stable, meaning that the nesting green turtle population of Mayotte is not ageing or rejuvenating. After due consideration of data on other nesting sites in the southwest Indian Ocean, the data from Mayotte emphasizes the fact that the green turtle is not an endangered species in this region. Even if it is still illegally exploited and alterations occur in their different habitats, the green turtle populations of this region seem to have successfully survived all threats during the past century.
Endangered Species Research (1613-4796) (Inter-Research), 2007-10-10 , Vol. 3 , P. 273-282

Droits : 2007 Inter-Research
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00018/12916/9873.pdf
DOI:10.3354/esr00053
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00018/12916/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
Fish mucus has important biological and ecologicalroles such as defense against fish pathogens andchemical mediation among several species. A non-targetedliquid chromatography–mass spectrometry metabolomicapproach was developed to study gill mucus of eight butterflyfishspecies in Moorea (French Polynesia), and theinfluence of several fish traits (geographic site and reefhabitat, species taxonomy, phylogeny, diet and parasitismlevels) on the metabolic variability was investigated. Abiphasic extraction yielding two fractions (polar and apolar)was used. Fish diet (obligate corallivorous, facultativecorallivorous or omnivorous) arose as the main driver ofthe metabolic differences in the gill mucus in both fractions,accounting for 23% of the observed metabolic variabilityin the apolar fraction and 13% in the polar fraction.A partial least squares discriminant analysis allowed us toidentify the metabolites (variable important in projection,VIP) driving the differences between fish with differentdiets (obligate corallivores, facultative corallivores andomnivorous). Using accurate mass data and fragmentationdata, we identified some of these VIP as glycerophosphocholines,ceramides and fatty acids. Level of monogeneangill parasites was the second most important factor shapingthe gill mucus metabolome, and it explained 10% of themetabolic variability in the polar fraction and 5% in theapolar fraction. A multiple regression tree revealed that themetabolic variability due to parasitism in the polar fractionwas mainly due to differences between non-parasitized andparasitized fish. Phylogeny and butterflyfish species werefactors contributing significantly to the metabolic variabilityof the apolar fraction (10 and 3%, respectively) buthad a less pronounced effect in the polar fraction. Finally,geographic site and reef habitat of butterflyfish species didnot influence the gill mucus metabolome of butterflyfishes.
ISSN: 0722-4028

hal-01563312
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01563312
DOI : 10.1007/s00338-017-1554-0

Résumé : This guide is intended to facilitate the implementation of specifications for marine environmental monitoring in New Caledonia. It is intended for public or private environmental actors. He provides a set of information on marine monitoring: summary of environmental regulations and the practical implications, definitions of terms, proposed general approach for the establishment of a monitoring, sampling strategy elements, method to develop reference frames, recommendations for the management and exploitation of data collected. The guide also provides lists of suggested environmental parameters to monitor for different pressures and general state of the environment, as well as, a set of methodology sheets for parameters and (when available) the reference values. This guide produced in 2011 based on technical and scientific knowledge that can evolve and is intended to be updated in the future.
Ce guide est destiné à faciliter la réalisation de cahiers des charges pour les suivis environnementaux marins en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Il s’adresse aux acteurs environnementaux publics ou privés. Il leur fournit un ensemble d’informations relatives aux suivis marins : résumé de la réglementation environnementale et de ces implications concrètes, définitions de termes, proposition de démarche générale pour la mise en place d’un suivi, éléments de stratégie d’échantillonnage, méthode pour concevoir des grilles de lecture, préconisations en matière de gestion et de valorisation des données récoltées. Le guide fournit également des listes de paramètres conseillés pour suivre différentes pressions et l’état général du milieu ainsi qu’une série de fiches méthodologiques pour les paramètres et (quand elles existent) des valeurs de référence. Ce guide produit en 2011 s’appuie sur des techniques et des connaissances scientifiques qui peuvent évoluer et est destiné à subir des modifications dans les années à venir.

Droits : 2011 Ifremer, Melanopus, IRD
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00050/16163/13647.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00050/16163/

Résumé : Dans le cadre du projet de DCP collectifs, l’Association des pêcheurs du Sud Basse-Terre (APBST) a demandé à l’Ifremer d’organiser un suivi de l’activité de pêche sur ces dispositifs ancrés, afin de contribuer à l’évaluation de l’impact de l’implantation de ce parc de DCP. L’Ifremer étant responsable du projet pilote de Système d’Informations Halieutiques (SIH) en Guadeloupe sur la période 2007-2008, le suivi DCP collectifs s’insère dans ce dispositif avec un renforcement des moyens de collecte de données sur la zone d’étude. 12 dispositifs de concentration de poissons (DCP) collectifs conçus pour répondre aux exigences du développement durable ont été immergés par l’APSBT au large de Basse-Terre (Guadeloupe) en janvier et février 2008. Cette opération qui a valeur d’exemple pour d’autres communautés de pêcheurs constitue un réel enjeu pour l’avenir de la pêche aux DCP ancrés. Dans le cadre de cette opération, des améliorations étaient attendues dans plusieurs domaines : 1. la sécurité de la navigation et des équipements sous-marins, 2. l’activité et la production sur DCP, sa régularité au cours de l’année et les retours économiques 3. L’organisation de l’entretien des dispositifs en vue de la réduction du coût et des pertes de matériel, 4. la gestion du parc et les règles d’accès aux DCP, Ce rapport final couvre les points 2 et 3 mentionnés ci-dessus, il est organisé de la manière suivante. En premier lieu sont présentées les différentes tâches réalisées par l’Ifremer et les relations avec les autres actions menées dans le cadre du projet. On présente ensuite l’organisation du dispositif de collecte et son insertion dans le projet SIH Guadeloupe. Sur la base des données collectées sur l’année de référence 2006 par le SIH, une analyse de l’activité de pêche sur DCP avant l’implantation des DCP collectifs est réalisée (section 3). La section 4 apporte des éléments sur la pratique de l’activité sur le parc de DCP collectifs après respectivement 5 mois et 11 mois de fonctionnement. Dans cette section, sont également présentées les premières observations réalisées par prospection aérienne pour estimer les densités de DCP privés dans la zone du parc et l’activité de pêche associée. Enfin, la dernière section fournit des données de production, de composition spécifique et économiques par sortie autour des DCP. Les éléments disponibles dans ce rapport constituent une évaluation intermédiaire après moins d’une année de fonctionnement. Il sera utile de mener une analyse avec plus de recul historique afin de mieux mesurer les impacts à long terme de ce projet.

Droits : 2008 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00190/30108/28570.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00190/30108/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Endocrine Society
Résumé : International audience
The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) paradigm is one of the most rapidly expanding areas of biomedical research. Environmental stressors that can impact on DOHaD encompass a variety of environmental and occupational hazards as well as deficiency and oversupply of nutrients and energy. They can disrupt early developmental processes and lead to increased susceptibility to disease/dysfunctions later in life. Presentations at the fourth Conference on Prenatal Programming and Toxicity in Boston, in October 2014, provided important insights and led to new recommendations for research and public health action. The conference highlighted vulnerable exposure windows that can occur as early as the preconception period and epigenetics as a major mechanism than can lead to disadvantageous "reprogramming" of the genome, thereby potentially resulting in transgenerational effects. Stem cells can also be targets of environmental stressors, thus paving another way for effects that may last a lifetime. Current testing paradigms do not allow proper characterization of risk factors and their interactions. Thus, relevant exposure levels and combinations for testing must be identified from human exposure situations and outcome assessments. Testing of potential underpinning mechanisms and biomarker development require laboratory animal models and in vitro approaches. Only few large-scale birth cohorts exist, and collaboration between birth cohorts on a global scale should be facilitated. DOHaD-based research has a crucial role in establishing factors leading to detrimental outcomes and developing early preventative/remediation strategies to combat these risks
ISSN: 0013-7227

hal-01187409
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01187409
DOI : 10.1210/EN.2015-1350
PUBMED : 26241067

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD European Geosciences Union
Résumé : International audience
The seasonal climate drivers of the carbon cycle in tropical forests remain poorly known, although these forests account for more carbon assimilation and storage than any other terrestrial ecosystem. Based on a unique combination of seasonal pan-tropical data sets from 89 experimental sites (68 include aboveground wood productivity measurements and 35 litter productivity measurements), their associated canopy photosynthetic capacity (enhanced vegetation index, EVI) and climate, we ask how carbon assimilation and aboveground allocation are related to climate seasonality in tropical forests and how they interact in the seasonal carbon cycle. We found that canopy photosynthetic capacity seasonality responds positively to precipitation when rainfall is < 2000 mm yr(-1) (water-limited forests) and to radiation otherwise (light-limited forests). On the other hand, independent of climate limitations, wood productivity and litterfall are driven by seasonal variation in precipitation and evapotranspiration, respectively. Consequently, light-limited forests present an asynchronism between canopy photosynthetic capacity and wood productivity. First-order control by precipitation likely indicates a decrease in tropical forest productivity in a drier climate in water-limited forest, and in current light-limited forest with future rainfall < 2000 mm yr(-1).
ISSN: 1726-4170

hal-01557759
https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01557759
https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01557759/document
https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01557759/file/bg-13-2537-2016.pdf
DOI : 10.5194/bg-13-2537-2016

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
Marine organisms are under threat globally from a suite of anthropogenic sources, but the current emphasis on global climate change has deflected the focus from local impacts. While the effect of increased sedimentation on the settlement of coral species is well studied, little is known about the impact on larval fish. Here, the effect of a laterite “red soil” sediment pollutant on settlement behaviour and post-settlement performance of reef fish was tested. In aquarium tests that isolated sensory cues, we found significant olfaction-based avoidance behaviour and disruption of visual cue use in settlement-stage larval fish at 50 mg L−1, a concentration regularly exceeded in situ during rain events. In situ light trap catches showed lower abundance and species richness in the presence of red soil, but were not significantly different due to high variance in the data. Prolonged exposure to red soil produced altered olfactory cue responses, whereby fish in red soil made a likely maladaptive choice for dead coral compared to controls where fish chose live coral. Other significant effects of prolonged exposure included decreased feeding rates and body condition. These effects on fish larvae reared over 5 days occurred in the presence of a minor drop in pH and may be due to the chemical influence of the sediment. Our results show that sediment pollution of coral reefs may have more complex effects on the ability of larval fish to successfully locate suitable habitat than previously thought, as well as impacting on their post-settlement performance and, ultimately, recruitment success.
ISSN: 0029-8549

hal-01270670
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01270670
DOI : 10.1007/s00442-015-3367-6