Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Mining sequential patterns in data streams is a new challenging problem for the datamining community since data arrives sequentially in the form of continuous rapid and infinite streams. In this paper, we propose a new on-line algorithm, SPAMS, to deal with the sequential patterns mining problem in data streams. This algorithm uses an automaton-based structure to maintain the set of frequent sequential patterns, i.e. SPA (Sequential Pat- tern Automaton). The sequential pattern automaton can be smaller than the set of frequent sequential patterns by two or more orders of magnitude, which allows us to overcome the problem of combinatorial explosion of se- quential patterns. Current results can be output constantly on any user 's specified thresholds. In addition, taking into account the characteristics of data streams, we propose a well-suited method said to be approximate since we can provide near optimal results with a high probability. Experimental studies show the relevance of the SPA data structure and the efficiency of the SPAMS algorithm on various datasets. Our contribution opens a promis- ing gateway, by using an automaton as a data structure for mining frequent sequential patterns in data streams.
Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Management

lirmm-00435841
https://hal-lirmm.ccsd.cnrs.fr/lirmm-00435841
https://hal-lirmm.ccsd.cnrs.fr/lirmm-00435841/document
https://hal-lirmm.ccsd.cnrs.fr/lirmm-00435841/file/akdmSPAMS.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé :   Diplôme : DEA
il s'agit d'un type de produit dont les métadonnées ne correspondent pas aux métadonnées attendues dans les autres types de produit : DISSERTATION
As part of a programme of degraded soils rehabilitation, and in order to follow the biological processes connected with the soils reconstitution, it is a requisite to determine indicators able to account for the evolution of the soil. These indicators can he found on structural and/or functional characteristics of the bacterial communities, such as soil respiration, denitrification or genetic diversity. Theses descriptors are able to characterize the global community or targeted communities chosen for their importance in the ecosystem functioning. In this work, we tried to know whether soil bacteria genetic diversity was able to be a relevant indicator of the soil evolution in a rehabilitated sequence. This diversity is apprehended via a molecular technique: ARISA. A chronosequence situated on a gold mine, already experimented as part of a programme of degraded zones rehabilitation, was at our disposal. Results show that ARISA is a very sensitive technique, able to account for the bacterial community heterogeneity in a soil but unable, at the parcel scale, to discriminate the treatments nor to account for the evolution in lime of planted treatments. Lastly, the advantage of this indicator of genetic diversity may arise from its confrontation to other indicators (functional, for example).
Dans le cadre de la revégétalisation d'un sol dégradé et afin de pouvoir suivre les processus biologiques liés à la reconstitution des sols, il est nécessaire de déterminer des indicateurs pouvant rendre compte de l'évolution de l'état du sol. Ces indicateurs peuvent être fondés sur des caractéristiques fonctionnelles et/ou structurales des communautés bactériennes telles que la respiration, la dénitrification ou la diversité génétique. Ces descripteurs peuvent analyser la communauté globale ou des communautés cibles choisies pour leur importance dans le fonctionnement de l'écosystème. L'objectif de ce stage était de savoir si la diversité génétique des bactéries du sol pouvait être un indicateur de l'évolution des sols au sein d'une séquence de revégétalisation. Cette diversité est appréhendée par une technique de biologie moléculaire : l'ARISA. On dispose d'une chronoséquence située sur une mine d'or étudiée dans le cadre d'un programme de réhabilitation des zones dégradées. Les résultats montrent que l'ARISA est une technique très sensible, qui rend bien compte de l’hétérogénéité des communautés bactériennes présentes dans un sol mais est incapable, à l’échelle de la parcelle, de discriminer ni les traitements ni de rendre compte de l'évolution dans le temps de ces parcelles. Enfin, l'intérêt de cet indicateur de diversité génétique pourra résulter de sa confrontation avec d'autres indicateurs (fonctionnels par exemple).
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01189155

hal-01189155
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01189155
PRODINRA : 9464

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : in this study we evaluated the effects of the probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici MA18/5M on shrimp, Litopenaeus stylirostris (also called Penaeus stylirostris), first on antioxidant defences and secondly on the oxidative stress status in the shrimps' haemolymph and digestive gland. We conducted two experiments with the same protocol in which shrimps were fed two diets for three weeks: a control diet and a probiotic diet containing 1 g of live P. acidilactici MA18/5M kg(-1). In the first experiment, the shrimps were found to be healthy over the trial period; no mortalities and non-detectable signs of infection were recorded. These resulted in high final survival rates (above 90% in both treatments). On the other hand, during the second trial, carried out at a period of increased risk for an outbreak of the summer syndrome, higher mortalities were recorded, associated with high V. nigripulchritudo prevalence and loads in the shrimp haemolymph. In healthy shrimps (trial 1), no detectable response of the antioxidant defence system and of oxidative stress bio-indicators were observed. However, feeding the probiotic significantly increased the total antioxidant status (TAS) and glutathione peroxidase activity, while all other parameters remained significantly unchanged. In the shrimps exposed to V nigripulchritudo (trial 2), the antioxidant response was characterized by higher antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and higher oxidative stress level in the digestive gland (higher oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio, higher malonclialdehyde and carbonyl protein contents) compared to levels found in trial 1. However, shrimps fed the probiotic diet exhibited (i) significantly higher final survival rates (67 +/- 3%) compared to the control (47 +/- 4%) and (ii) a lower prevalence of V nigripulchritudo throughout the trial. Moreover, the antioxidant response and the oxidative stress level recorded in the digestive gland with shrimps submitted to the probiotic diet were lower. In the light of these results, we confirm that P acidilactici enrichment in shrimps' diet seems an effective way of reducing the susceptibility of shrimps to bacterial pathogens. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Aquaculture (0044-8486) (Elsevier), 2009-09 , Vol. 294 , N. 3-4 , P. 306-313

Droits : 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/publication-6780.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.06.016
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6780/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The hierarchical architecture of biopolymers induces remarkable behaviour. Wood mechanical properties mainly originate from the organization of wood tissue and interactions of cellwall components. The respective contribution on components inside those networks occurs at nanometric scale and still challenging to investigate in-situ. X-ray scattering techniques are now used as a routine technique to investigate internal organization of material components. For that purpose large-scale synchrotron facilities like ESRF offer leading X-ray sources capabilities (large energy range, high brilliance, high intensity, dedicated setups). ESRF's ID13 beamline serves high spacial resolution scanning setups to expertise in elastic scattering of monochromatic X-rays. Since analytical description of the scattering signal of cellulose have been well describe wood material benefit wide range of exposure conditions and sample environment. During this conference, we will present our achievements based on transverse sections of poplar specimens exposed to micrometric beam (1.2 μm side, 12.6 keV energy) to reveal crystalline cellulose distribution within wood tissue and to nanometric beam (100 nm side, 12 6 keV energy) to map the evolution of cellulose orientation within double cell wall over combined Wide-Angle (WAXS) and Small-Angle (SAXS) X-ray Scattering configuration. Within those setups hygrometric sample environment and stretching solicitations will be approached based on-going developments.
COST FP0802 Workshop 'Micro Characterisation of Wood Material'
Edimbourg, United Kingdom

hal-01113298
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01113298

Résumé : Dans cette étude, nous nous sommes intéressés aux propriétés physiques et chimiques de six accessions de Mammea americana afin de pouvoir identifier les accessions les plus prometteuses pour la vente en frais ou la transformation. Nous avons également cherché à évaluer l’activité antioxydante de la pulpe, identifier et quantifier ses composés phénoliques et optimiser leur extraction à l’aide de la technique assistée par ultrasons.Nos résultats montrent que les accessions étudiées présentent des caractéristiques physiques, physico-chimiques et fonctionnelles significativement différentes. Pavé 11, Lézarde et Ti Jacques sont intéressants pour la vente en frais, en raison de leurs fruits sucrés avec une teneur élevée en caroténoïdes et composés phénoliques totaux. Sonson, Pavé 11 et Lézarde présentent une adaptabilité à la transformation. La composition polyphénolique de la pulpe déterminée par HPLC-DAD et UPLC-MS, a mis en évidence la présence d’acides phénoliques, de tanins condensés, de flavonols et flavanols dans nos échantillons. D’autre part, les tests d’activité antioxydante (DPPH et ORAC) révèlent que Ti jacques est l’extrait le plus actif. Un plan d’expérimentation a été mis en œuvre afin d’optimiser l’extraction des polyphénols à l’aide d’une technique d’extraction assistée par ultrasons. Les résultats montrent que l’extrait obtenu est riche en polyphénols et contient les mêmes teneurs en acides phénoliques et flavonols comparé à celui obtenu par la méthode conventionnelle. De plus, l’extrait obtenu à l’aide d’un solvant « vert » possède de bonnes propriétés organoleptiques.
Our work focuses on the physical and chemical properties of six mamey apple cultivars in order to select elite cultivars suitable for food processing or as table fruit. The antioxidant activity of the fruit pulp, the identification and quantification of the polyphenols responsible for it, and ultrasound assisted extraction method were also investigated.According to our results, the postharvest routes for every cultivar could be different. Pavé 11, Lézarde and Ti Jacques were found to be good for consumption, giving sweeter fruits with high total phenolic and carotenoid contents. Sonson, pavé 11 and Lézarde had suitable characteristics for the manufacturing of mamey products. The polyphenolic composition of the pulp determined by HPLC-DAD and UPLC-MS showed the presence of phenolic acids, condensed tannins, flavonols and flavanols. The results of the antioxidant test (DPPH and ORAC) point out that the most antioxidant cultivar was Ti Jacques. The design and optimization of the ultrasound assisted extraction method has done for polyphenols extraction. The results showed that the polyphenols rich extract contains the same content of phenolic acids and flavonols in comparison to the conventional method. Additionally, the dry extract obtained with a “green” solvent, had good organoleptic properties.

http://www.theses.fr/2014AGUY0702/document

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : Clay shale landscapes are sensitive to landslide, erosion, and re-sedimentation processes. In this context, tectonized clay shales have peculiar hydrological and mechanical behaviours. In order to improve our understanding of the processes involved in such systems, an experimental site has been settled in the Draix Observatory (ORE DRAIX) on a black marl hill slope of the Southern Alps (France) in the framework of the ECOU-PREF project. The site is a natural laboratory to study the evolution of clay shale landscapes at several scales (regional to µm). In this study, we aim to characterize the internal structure and fissure patterns of a stable interfluve, in order to locate preferential water flows within the system, and anticipate its evolution. This work is based on a series of mutli-disciplinary approaches including petrophysical analyses, well pulse injection tests and downhole geophysical measurements. Borehole geophysical results were combined with laboratory measurements on core plugs (permeability, density, porosity, and acoustic velocity). Optical and acoustical images have been used as an original tool for internal discontinuities characterisation and potential active flow path detection. They allowed the identification of three main lithological units interpreted as several stages of shale alteration. In addition, several main structural plane discontinuities (open fractures, schistosity planes, and fractures infilled with calcite or clays) were identified from the images and their potential transmissivity discussed with regard to piezometric and tracer measurements. In all, the integration of measurements leads to propose a simple scenario of fluid circulation and chemical alteration of the interfluve.
ISSN: 0885-6087

hal-00757581
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00757581
DOI : 10.1002/hyp.7997

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Society for Microbiology
Résumé : International audience
We investigated the characteristics of the sulfur-oxidizing symbiont hosted in the gills of Codakia orbicularis, a bivalve living in shallow marine tropical environments. Special attention was paid to describing the heterogeneity of the population by using single-cell approaches including flow cytometry (FCM) and different microscopic techniques and by analyzing a cell size fractionation experiment. Up to seven different subpopulations were distinguished by FCM based on nucleic acid content and light side scattering of the cells. The cell size analysis of symbionts showed that the symbiotic population was very heterogeneous in size, i.e., ranging from 0.5 to 5 _m in length, with variable amounts of intracellular sulfur. The side-scatter signal analyzed by FCM, which is often taken as a proxy of cell size, was greatly influenced by the sulfur content of the symbionts. FCM revealed an important heterogeneity in the relative nucleic acid content among the subclasses. The larger cells contained exceptionally high levels of nucleic acids, suggesting that these cells contained multiple copies of their genome, i.e., ranging from one copy for the smaller cells to more than four copies for the larger cells. The proportion of respiring symbionts (5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl-terazolium chloride positive) in the bacteriocytes of Codakia revealed that around 80% of the symbionts hosted by Codakia maintain respiratory activity throughout the year. These data allowed us to gain insight into the functioning of the symbionts within the host and to propose some hypotheses on how the growth of the symbionts is controlled by the host.
ISSN: 0099-2240

hal-00716079
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00716079
DOI : 10.1128/AEM.01683-06

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Handwritten signatures are considered one of the most useful biometric traits for personal verification. In the networked society, in which a multitude of different devices can be used for signature acquisition, specific research is still needed to determine the extent to which features of an input signature depend on the characteristics of the signature apposition process. In this paper an experimental investigation was carried out on constrained signatures, which were acquired using writing boxes having different area and shape, and the different behaviour of dynamic features with respect to the writing boxes are discussed.
17th Biennial Conference of the International Graphonomics Society
Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe

hal-01165894
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01165894
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01165894/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01165894/file/IGS_2015_submission_23.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The objectives are to study and model the aggregate wind power fluctuations dynamics in the multifractal framework. We present here the analysis of aggregate power output sampled at 1 Hz during three years. We decompose the data into several Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) using Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). We use a new approach, arbitrary order Hilbert spectral analysis, a combination of the EMD approach with Hilbert spectral analysis (or Hilbert-Huang Transform) and the classical structure-function analysis to extract the scaling exponents or multifractal spectrum ζ(q)ζ(q): this function provides a full characterization of a process at all intensities and all scales. The application of both methods, i.e. structure-function and arbitrary-order Hilbert spectral analyses, gives similar results indicating that the aggregate power output from a wind farm, possesses intermittent and multifractal properties. In order to check this result, we generate stochastic simulations of a Multifractal Random Walk (MRW) using a log-normal stochastic equation. We show that the simulation results are fully compatible with the experimental results
Physica A

hal-00846643
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00846643
DOI : 10.1016/j.physa.2013.04.038

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
The regulatory mechanisms involved in the acquisition of thermal tolerance are unknown in insects. Reversible phosphorylation is a widespread post-translational modification that can rapidly alter proteins function(s). Here, we conducted a large-scale comparative screening of phosphorylation networks in adult Drosophila flies that were cold-acclimated versus control. Using a modified SIMAC method followed by a multiple MS analysis strategy, we identified a large collection of phosphopeptides (about 1600) and phosphoproteins (about 500) in both groups, with good enrichment efficacy (80%). The saturation curves from the four biological replicates revealed that the phosphoproteome was rather well covered under our experimental conditions. Acclimation evoked a strong phosphoproteomic signal characterized by large sets of unique and differential phosphoproteins. These were involved in several major GO superclusters of which cytoskeleton organization, positive regulation of transport, cell cycle, and RNA processing were particularly enriched. Data suggest that phosphoproteomic changes in response to acclimation were mainly localized within cytoskeletal network, and particularly within microtubule associated complexes. This study opens up novel research avenues for exploring the complex regulatory networks that lead to acquired thermal tolerance.
ISSN: 2045-2322

hal-01532256
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01532256
DOI : 10.1038/s41598-017-01974-z
PUBMED : 28490779

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Poster
We deployed a temporary local seismic network in the North Tanzanian Divergence (NTD) for 6 months in 2007 (35 stations, SEISMOTANZ'07 experiment). The region is characterized by major changes in the magmatic/tectonic nature of the rift, at the place where the eastern branch of the East African Rift enters the Tanzanian craton. More than 200 earthquakes were accurately located south of Lake Manyara.
Iceland in the Central Northern Atlantic : hotspot, sea currents and climate change
Plouzané, France

hal-00482059
http://hal.univ-brest.fr/hal-00482059
http://hal.univ-brest.fr/hal-00482059/document
http://hal.univ-brest.fr/hal-00482059/file/poster_albaric.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer New York
Résumé : International audience
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) exerts regulatory actions through genomic mechanisms. In the classical pathway, ligand-activated ERα binds directly to DNA through estrogen response elements (ERE) located in the promoter of target genes. ERα can also exert indirect regulation of transcription via protein-protein interaction with other transcription factors such as AP-1. Several ERα synonymous polymorphisms have been identified and efforts to understand their implications have been made. Nevertheless effects of synonymous polymorphisms are still neglected. This chapter focuses on the experimental procedure employed in order to characterize the transcriptional activity of a synonymous polymorphism of the ERα (rs746432) called Alanine 87 (Ala87). Activity of both WT and Ala87 ERα isoforms on transcriptional pathways can be analyzed in transiently transfected cells using different reporter constructs. ERα efficiency on the classical genomic pathway can be analyzed by determining its transactivation activity on an ERE-driven thymidine kinase (TK) promoter controlling the expression of the luciferase reporter gene. Transcriptional activity through the indirect genomic pathway can be analyzed by employing an AP-1 DNA response element-driven promoter also controlling the expression of luciferase reporter gene
Estrogen Receptors

ISBN : 978-1-4939-3126-2
hal-01237073
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01237073
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4939-3127-9_22

Résumé : Les forêts côtières inondables (FCI) des régions tropicales et subtropicales remplissent des fonctions écologiques nécessaires aux écosystèmes marins côtiers situés en aval et aux populations humaines vivant à proximité Aux Antilles, les mangroves et les forêts marécageuses à Pterocarpus officinalis sont structurés par des espèces ligneuses qui ont développé des adaptations particulières à la salinité, à l’inondation et aux substrats meubles sur lesquels elles reposent. Dans des contextes climatiques à forte saisonnalité, les saisons sèches prolongées entraînent de fortes variations de la salinité et du niveau de la nappe, que le changement climatique devrait amplifier. Les modèles climatiques de la région Caraïbe prévoient des saisons sèches plus sèches liées à une baisse des précipitations de 20 à 50 %. Or, la question des capacités de résistance et d’acclimatation des espèces ligneuses des FCI à des variations saisonnières marquées de leur environnement édaphique a été peu traitée dans la littérature scientifique.L’objectif de ce travail de thèse a été double. Il s’est agi, d'une part, de caractériser la structure et la croissance de faciès de végétation représentatifs des FCI antillaises et de mettre en évidence leurs déterminants. A cet effet, des individus adultes, des espèces ligneuses dominantes des FCI, (Avicennia germinans, Laguncularia racemosa, Pterocarpus officinalis, Rhizophora mangle), dans cinq faciès de végétation sur le gradient terre-mer, ont été suivis sur l'île de Grande-Terre (Guadeloupe). D’autre part, les effets de variations salines extrêmes sur la croissance et l’écophysiologie de ces quatre espèces ont été évalués au stade plantule par une expérience en conditions contrôlées.A travers cette étude, il a été montré que les différences de salinité et de fertilité entre les stationspermettent d’expliquer la composition et la structure des peuplements de FCI. Cette étude a égalementmontré que P. officinalis peut se maintenir dans une gamme de salinité plus large que ne l'indiquait lalittérature.Dans le contexte des Antilles où les marnages sont faibles, la saisonnalité du climat entraine des variations saisonnières importantes d’un ensemble de descripteurs édaphiques tels que le niveau de la nappe, la salinité du sol, le pH et le potentiel RedOx. L’inondation et la salinité des sols sont fortement corrélées aux variations mensuelles des précipitations. Les périodes sèches sont accompagnées de salinités élevées et d’une baisse du niveau de la nappe allant jusqu’à l’exondation des sols dans toutes les stations suivies. Les stress environnementaux liés à la saisonnalité entrainent une baisse de la production primaire. L’accroissement cambial mensuel des individus est fortement corrélé avec les précipitations et l’intensité du vent. Dans les stations de mangrove, la sècheresse édaphique régule la production primaire des palétuviers. En forêt marécageuse, la part de la sècheresse atmosphérique semble plus importante pour expliquer la production de P. officinalis. Aussi, les sècheresses édaphique et atmosphérique doivent être prises en compte toutes deux pour modéliser efficacement la croissance des peuplements des FCI.Lors de la saison sèche, le stress le plus important est le stress hydrique, lié à la diminution de la teneur en eau du sol et à l’augmentation de la salinité, qui entraine des contraintes physiologiques sur les palétuviers (ajustements stomatiques, pertes de surface foliaire et de conductivité hydraulique). Le stress ionique, lié à la toxicité des ions Na+ et Cl-, permet aussi d’expliquer une partie de la contrainte sur l’assimilation en carbone. En saison sèche, l’aération des sols ne se traduit pas par une amélioration des performances de croissance chez toutes les espèces. Aussi, la croissance cambiale maximale de toutes les espèces de FCI est réalisée en saison des pluies lorsque la salinité est faible et les niveaux d’inondation élevés.
In tropical and subtropical regions, flooded coastal forests provide essentials goods and services to local communities. In the Antilles, mangrove forests and the Pterocarpus officinalis swamp forest host tree species that are adapted to salinity, flooding and loose substrates. In areas were climatic seasonality is strong, dry seasons lead to strong fluctuations of soil salinity and water table level ; that climate change is likely to make stronger again. Climate model for the Caribbean project drier dry seasons with a decease of 20 to 50 % in annual rainfall amounts. However, resistance and acclimation ability of flooded coastal forest’s species to strong environmental fluctuations still remain poorly studied.This thesis aims two objectives. On the one hand, it aims to characterize the forest structure and monthly growth of vegetation structures representative of the Antillean flooded coastal forests and to highlight their determinants. In this respect, adult trees of the four dominant species of local flooded coastal forest (Avicennia germinans, Laguncularia racemosa, Pterocarpus officinalis, Rhizophora mangle), in five stations along a sea – land gradient were monitored on the Grande-Terre island (Guadeloupe). On the other hand, the effects of salinity variation patterns and salinity levels on growth performances and physiology of seedlings from the four same species were investigated through a greenhouse experiment.This study shows that differences among average salinity and soil fertility explain the vegetation structure of flooded coastal forest. It also extents, in the literature, the range of salinity in which P. officinalis can stand at the tree stage.In the Antilles were tidal range is small, climate seasonality lead to strong edaphic seasonal variations in water table level, soil salinity, pH and RedOx potential. Flooding and soil salinity are strongly correlated to monthly rainfall amounts: dry periods lead to high salinity and to a decrease in water table level under the soil surface. Seasonal environmental stresses lead to a decrease of primary production. Cambial growth was strongly correlated to monthly precipitation and average wind speed. In mangrove stations, edaphic drought determines primary production of mangrove trees, when, in swamp forest stations, atmospheric drought determines an important part of P. officinalis’ primary production.During the dry season, water stress is the more important environmental stress, both by the decrease in soil humidity and the increase in soil salinity, and leads to physiological strains (stomatal adjustment, loss of leaf area and hydraulic conductivity) for mangrove trees. Ionic toxicity of ions Na+ and Cl- also explains a part of the strain on carbon assimilation. During the dry season, re oxygenation of soils via low water table level does not lead to an increase of physiological traits. Thus, maximum cambial growth of all species is observed during the rainy season, when salinity is low and water table level is high.Flooded coastal forest’s species do not have the same ability to recover after a dry episode. In all the studied stations, A. germinans’ cambial growth rises back as soon as the rainy season starts, when, for one station, cambial growth of L. racemosa and R. mangle stay null during the three first month of the rainy season. This low ability to recover after a dry episode is correlated to a stronger impact of the dry season on the physiological traits of these two species.The greenhouse experiment shows that salinity variation patterns are to be taken into consideration for explaining seedlings’ growth and salinity tolerance. A stronger salinity increase impacts the growth of all the studied species; a punctual drop of salinity highlights that flooded coastal forest’s species differ in ability to take advantage of a low salinity episode. These results are coherent with field observations as cambial growth was fairly explained by monthly precipitation.

http://www.theses.fr/2013AGUY0674/document

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Institut d'Histoire de la Révolution française
Résumé : International audience
At the peak of the second colonial Empire, citizenship there has three essential characteristics: it is fragmented by diverse forms of hierarchisation of the electorate ; it is reserved solely for nationals of the colonial Empire, the French and natives within a differentiated conception of nationality ; it is marked by the idea of civilisation. This situation came about in several stages: in 1978, specific citizenship is devised to civilise the newly freed; between 1848 and 1870, in Algeria there is some experimentation with local citizenship for the French, foreigners and natives, but this was abandoned; between 1870 and 1898, local citizenship is devised, expanded to include national elections for the natives of French India, whilst with the Algerian financial delegations, the “representation of interests” is accompanied by French citizenship without the right to participate in local elections.
Dans le second Empire colonial à son apogée, la citoyenneté a trois caractéristiques essentielles : elle est fragmentée par diverses formes de hiérarchisation quant à l’électorat ; elle est réservée aux seuls ressortissants de l’Empire colonial, les Français et les indigènes, dans le cadre d’une conception différenciée de la nationalité ; elle est marquée par l’idée de civilisation. Cette situation est née en plusieurs étapes : en 1798, on conçoit une citoyenneté spécifique pour civiliser les nouveaux libres ; entre 1848 et 1870, en Algérie, on expérimente puis abandonne une citoyenneté locale pour les Français, les étrangers et les indigènes ; entre 1870 et 1898, on conçoit une citoyenneté locale élargie aux élections nationales pour les natifs de l’Inde française, alors qu’avec les délégations financières algériennes, la « représentation des intérêts » s’accompagne d’une citoyenneté française amputée du droit de participer à une élection locale.
ISSN: 2105-2557

hal-01620584
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01620584
DOI : 10.4000/lrf.1460