Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union
Résumé : International audience
During the GWADASEIS cruise (Lesser Antilles volcanic arc, February–March 2009) a very high resolution (VHR) seismic-reflection survey was performed in order to constrain Late Quaternary to Present faulting. The profiles we obtained evidence frequent " ponding " of reworked sediments in the deepest areas, similar to the deposition of Mediterranean " homogenites ". These bodies are acoustically transparent (few ms t.w.t. thick) and are often deposited on the hanging walls of dominantly normal faults, at the base of scarps. Their thickness appears sufficient to compensate (i.e. bury) co-seismic scarps between successive earthquakes, resulting in a flat and horizontal sea floor through time. In a selected area (offshore Montserrat and Nevis islands), piston coring (4 to 7 m long) was dedicated to a sedimento-logical analysis of the most recent of these particular layers. It corresponds to non-stratified homogenous calcareous silty sand (reworked calcareous plankton and minor volcanoclas-tics). This layer can be up to 2 m thick, and overlies fine-grained hemipelagites. The upper centimeters of the latter represent the normal RedOx water/sediment interface. 210 Pb and 137 Cs activities lack in the massive sands, while a normal profile of unsupported 210 Pb decrease is observed in the hemipelagite below, together with a 137 Cs peak corresponding to the Atmospheric Nuclear Experiments (1962). The RedOx level was thus capped by a recent instantaneous major sedimentary event considered as post-1970 AD; candidate seismic events to explain this sedimentary deposits are either the 16 March 1985 earthquake or the 8 October 1974 one (M w = 6.3 and M w = 7.4, respectively). This leads to consider that the syntectonic sedimentation in this area is not continuous but results from accumulation of thick homogen-ites deposited after the earthquakes (as observed in the following weeks after Haiti January 2010 event, McHugh et al., 2011). The existence of such deposits suggests that, in the area of study, vertical throw likely results from cu-mulated effects of separated earthquakes rather than from aseismic creep. Examination of VHR profiles shows that all major co-seismic offsets are recorded in the fault growth sequence and that co-seismic offsets can be precisely estimated. By using a sedimentation rate deduced from 210 Pb decrease curve (0.5 mm yr −1) and taking into account minor reworking events detected in cores, we show that the Redonda system may have been responsible for five > M 6 events during the last 34 000 yr. The approach presented in this work differs from fault activity analyses using displaced sets of isochronous surfaces and postulating co-seismic offsets. Combining VHR seismic imagery and coring we can decipher co-seismic vs. slow continuous displacement, and thus actually estimate the amplitude and the time distribution of major co-seismic offsets.
Natural Hazards and Earth System Science

insu-01585969
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01585969
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01585969/document
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01585969/file/nhess-12-1755-2012-beck.pdf
DOI : 10.5194/nhess-12-1755-2012

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
Outbreaks of the corallivorous crown-of-thorns seastar Acanthaster planci (COTS) represent one of the greatest disturbances to coral reef ecosystems in the Indo-Pacific, affecting not only coral reefs but also the coastal communities which rely on their resources. While injection approaches are increasingly used in an attempt to control COTS densities, most of them display severe drawbacks including logistical challenges, high residual environmental impacts or low cost-effectiveness. We tested a new alternative control method based upon acidic injections of cheap, 100% natural products. We investigated the lethal doses, intra-and inter-specific disease transmission and immune responses of COTS when injected with fresh lime juice (extracted from local Citrus arantifolia) and white spirit vinegar. High COTS mortality was achieved with small volumes: 10–20 ml per seastar induced death in 89%/ 97% of injected specimens after an average 34.3 h/29.8 h for lime juice and vinegar respectively. Highest efficiency was reached for both solutions with double shots of (2 × 10 ml) in two different areas on the body: 100% mortality occurred within 12–24 h, which is similar or faster compared with other current injection methods. Multiple immune measures suggested that death was very likely caused by pH stress from the acidic solutions rather than a bacterial infection. Contagion to either conspecifics or a variety of other reef species was not observed, even at COTS densities 15 times higher than the highest naturally reported. 10 to 20 l lime juice/vinegar could kill up to a thousand COTS at a cost of less than 0.05 USD per specimen; no permits or special handling procedures are required. We conclude that injections of lime juice and vinegar offer great advantages when compared to current best practises and constitute a cheap and natural option for all reefs affected by COTS.
ISSN: 1932-6203

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
hal-01208272
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01208272
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01208272/document
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01208272/file/journal.pone.0137605.pdf
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0137605

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Nous nous intéressons aux processus ponctuels auto-excitatifs introduits par Ogata en 1998 et discutés par Zhuang et al. (2005). Ce modèle peut être vu comme une extension, dans un premier temps du processus ponctuel présenté par Hawkes en 1971 et, dans un second temps du modèle de type épidémique temporel proposé par Ogata en 1988. Il s'agit du modèle spatio-temporel ETAS (Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence) intégrant l'aspect spatio-temporel et les marques. Une de ses utilisations est le calcul de risques sismiques dans une région. Nous étudions les propriétés de la log-vraisemblance et des estimateurs de maximum de vraisemblance dans le cadre d'une application relative à la sismologie de l'Arc Antillais. Des données de tremblements de terre mesurées entre 1999 et 2004 sont analysées et l'adéquation au modèle ETAS est testée.
43èmes Journées de la Statistique
Gammarth, Tunisia

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
hal-00601512
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00601512
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00601512/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00601512/file/ValmySfds2011.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé :  
Classifying species by shared life-history traits is important if common ecological response groups are to be identified among different species. We investigated how habitat area, local and regional factors shape plant communities in small isolated closed depressions, and how the species richness is related to the interplay between environmental factors and specific life-history trait combinations. In Central-Western Europe, 169 closed depressions were completely Surveyed for plant presence in two highly contrasted landscapes (forested and open landscapes). All species were clustered into 9 Emergent Groups based oil 10 life-history traits related to plant dispersal, establishment and persistence. Habitat areas were related to species presence using logistic regressions. Most Emergent Groups were more area-dependent in open than in forested landscapes, owing to heterogeneous light levels in forest weakening the species-area relationship. In open landscapes, Floating Hydrophytes were severely underrepresented in very small depressions, owing to the absence of waterfowl poulation. Local environmental and regional factors were related to species richness using Generalized Linear Models. In open landscapes, local environmental factors such as water conductivity or soil productivity are respectively the main predictors. In forested landscapes, the abundance of most Emergent Groups Was better predicted by regional factors, i.e., habitat connectivity and distance to the forest edge. Forested landscapes strongly impeded the closed depressions' colonization by the less mobile Emergent Groups Such as Large-seeded Perennials.
ISSN: 1146-609X

hal-01032144
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032144
DOI : 10.1016/j.actao.2009.02.002

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Since its apparition at the end of the second world word, the practice of sport for people suffering with motor deficiency has known numerous and quick evolutions. Initially conceived in the science of rehabilitation therapy, it now integrates more and more the principle of performance by getting closer to “ordinary” sport movements. However, this process of sportivisation is variable depending on the social and cultural context in which it is taking place. Initiated at the start of the 1970’s, Guadeloupe’s Movement for Sport for People with motor impairments has been meeting recurring difficulties in how to organise and federate itself. During this work, we have conducted a survey directly with the local disabled sport associations. Meetings with the principal actors of this movement had been taking place, archives had been gathered and both direct and participative observations had been carried out in order to retrace the collective history and to identify the individual theories utilised in the formation of Guadeloupe’s Movement for Sport for Disabled People. For this we have used the tools of the socio-history and of the organizational analysis and handled the speeches with an analyse of the relationship by opposition (ARO). The main results bring to light that the associative dynamics which structure the sport practices of Guadeloupe’s disabled people are impregnated by a sport logic combined with social, cultural and identity stakes. Therefore the principal thesis defended in the process of the research is that the organisation of Guadeloupe’s Movement for Sport for Disabled People is impregnated by the highly contextual strategies where the identities -sport, Caribbean, disabled- produces some very particular adjustments.
Depuis son apparition à la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale, la pratique sportive des personnes atteintes de déficiences motrices a connu de nombreuses et rapides évolutions. Conçue initialement dans une logique rééducative, elle intègre de plus en plus le principe de performance en se rapprochant du mouvement sportif « ordinaire ». Toutefois, ce processus de sportivisation est variable selon l’espace social et culturel dans lequel il se réalise. Initié dans les années 1970, le mouvement handisportif guadeloupéen rencontre des difficultés récurrentes à s’organiser et à se fédérer. Au cours de ce travail, nous avons réalisé une enquête de terrain auprès des associations handisportives locales. Des entretiens avec les acteurs principaux de ce mouvement ont été conduits, des archives recueillies et des observations directes et participantes effectuées afin de retracer l’histoire collective et de repérer les logiques individuelles mobilisées dans la structuration du mouvement handisport en Guadeloupe. Pour cela nous avons utilisé des outils de la socio-histoire et de l’analyse organisationnelle et traité les discours au travers d’une analyse des relations par opposition (ARO). Les principaux résultats mettent en évidence que les dynamiques associatives structurant la pratique sportive des personnes handicapées motrices en Guadeloupe sont imprégnées par une logique sportive doublée d’enjeux sociaux, culturels et identitaires. Ainsi, la thèse principale défendue au terme de cette recherche est que l’organisation du mouvement handisport en Guadeloupe est marquée par des stratégies fortement contextualisées où la conjugaison des identités – sportive, antillaise, de personne handicapée - produit des ajustements singuliers.
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01682717

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
tel-01682717
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01682717
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01682717/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01682717/file/Approche%20socio-historique%20du%20mouvement%20handisport%20en%20Guadeloupe.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
In order to better constrain the relationship between tectonics and sedimentation of the Eastern Sardinian Margin, from the Messinian to the present day (METYSS project), a lithostratigraphic study was carried out on the Late Neogene deposits along the Cedrino Valley (eastern Sardinia). The late Neogene evolution is documented from sedimentological and tectonic analysis, biostratigraphic dating, and by mapping and logging stratigraphic sections. Previous authors have differentiated an early Pliocene marine formation from an older continental formation, possibly Miocene, the entire system being covered by late Pliocene to Quaternary lava flows. Preliminary biostratigraphic data suggest the absence of the lowermost Pliocene, based on the absence of Globorotalia margaritae and the presence of Globorotalia puncticulata, implying a sediment age between 3.81 and 2.41 Ma. At the foot of the Fiuli cliff, some mud clasts include a coccolith microflora, Tortonian in age, suggesting reworking. The Pliocene marine deposits consist of a single filling sequence instead of a succession of superimposed sequences as we would expect during this period of time; the occurrences of terms rarely respect the usual transgressive-regressive succession. Contrasting bathymetric environments (fore-shore, pro-delta, shelf or upper slope) can be abruptly superimposed on top of the other, along few meter thick intervals. A rapidly flooded term is observed in several sites and indicates a spatial variability over only a few kilometers distance. Some deep water deposits are in the middle of the infilling Pliocene sequence, whereas shallower water deposits can be repeated along a vertical section, or even interrupted by emersion. These marked differences can express syn-, or possibly post-sedimentation tectonic uplifts. The 10–25° bed dips originated through local tectonic uplift. At Fiuli, the geometry of the bedding planes is indicative of tilting toward the west, in a direction opposite to the one observed at Onifai. These Pliocene series form a wide syncline with an approximately NNE–SSW axis. This morpho-structural behavior appears to be largely atypical of this East-Sardinian coastal area.
ISSN: 1040-6182

hal-01134707
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01134707
DOI : 10.1016/j.quaint.2014.11.022

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BMJ Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
Objective The potential impact of environmental exposure to pyrethroid insecticides on child neurodevelopment has only just started to receive attention despite their widespread use. We investigated the associations between prenatal and childhood exposure to pyrethroid insecticides and behavioural skills in 6-year-olds. Methods The PELAGIE cohort enrolled 3421 pregnant women from Brittany, France between 2002 and 2006. 428 mothers were randomly selected for the study when their children turned 6, and 287 (67%) agreed to participate. Children's behaviour was assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Three subscales (prosocial behaviour, internalising disorders and externalising disorders) were considered. Five pyrethroid metabolites were measured in maternal and child urine samples collected between 6 and 19 gestational weeks and at 6 years of age, respectively. Logistic regression and reverse-scale Cox regression models were used to estimate the associations between SDQ scores and urinary pyrethroid metabolite concentrations, adjusting for organophosphate metabolite concentrations and potential confounders. Results Increased prenatal cis-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (DCCA) concentrations were associated with internalising difficulties (Cox p value=0.05). For childhood 3phenoxybenzoic acid (PBA) concentrations, a positive association was observed with externalising difficulties (Cox p value=0.04) and high ORs were found for abnormal or borderline social behaviour (OR 2.93, 95% CI 1.27 to 6.78, and OR 1.91, 95% CI 0.80 to 4.57, for the intermediate and highest metabolite categories, respectively). High childhood trans-DCCA concentrations were associated with reduced externalising disorders (Cox p value=0.03). Conclusions The present study suggests that exposure to certain pyrethroids, at environmental levels, may negatively affect neurobehavioral development by 6 years of age.
ISSN: 1351-0711

hal-01519255
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01519255
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01519255/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01519255/file/Behavioural%20disorders%20in%206-year-old%20children_JFViel_HAL.pdf
DOI : 10.1136/oemed-2016-104035

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : En mettant côte à côte les modèles de construction des habitations sucrières caribéennes et des cités ouvrières métropolitaines, on constate de troublantes similitudes entre ces deux systèmes sociospatiaux. Chacun des modèles correspond à un stade différencié de l’expansion du capitalisme industriel : l’hypothèse défendue ici consiste à montrer que le discours hygiéniste serait venu occulter le recouvrement de ces deux modèles de logement patronaux, parce que le premier était largement entaché par la « question esclavagiste » dont l’industrialisme métropolitain, incarné dans le second, souhaitait se débarrasser. Et l’occultation de cette part d’héritage dans la mémoire du modèle des cités ouvrières pourrait s’expliquer par la cécité dont a longtemps été saisie la société française quant à son passé esclavagiste puis colonial. Ce lien entre les deux modèles sociospatiaux ne semble d’ailleurs faire l’objet d’aucune construction patrimoniale, dans le monde industrialisé comme dans la Caraïbe, alors même que chaque modèle pris isolément tendrait à se patrimonialiser.
When the building models of living quarters on Caribbean sugar plantations are compared to workers’ housing estates in Metropolitan France, we find unsettling similarities between the two socio-spatial systems. The models each correspond to a different stage in the spread of industrial capitalism: the hypothesis advanced here argues that “hygienist” discourse could have worked to obscure the overlap between these two models of company-owned housing since the former was sullied by the “slavery issue” from which Metropolitan industrialism, embodied by the latter, wanted to distance itself. The omission of this aspect of its heritage from the memory of the workers’ housing estate model may be explained by French society’s long-standing refusal to acknowledge its slavery-based and then colonial past. The connection between these two socio-spatial models does not appear to be of interest in the heritage-making process in either the industrialised world or the Caribbean despite the fact that each model on its own is beginning to be recognised as part of the local heritage.
Caraïbes

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.10317
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/10317

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Los estudios en terrorismo parecen apuntar al turismo como una industria del lujo y el placer, dos de los valores prohibidos por el Islam. Muchos analistas sugieren que el turismo es una actividad secular que obstruye la vida religiosa, otros sugieren que el lujo desmedido y la ostentación generan un resentimiento precisamente en aquellas poblaciones donde las necesidades básicas no se encuentran satisfechas. Desde otra perspectiva, defendemos la tesis que turismo y terrorismo comparten un origen común, la organización del trabajo en la era industrial. Ni el terrorismo es un fenómeno moderno, ni mucho menos monopolio del Islam. Si por un lado, la lucha sindical devino en un sinnúmero beneficios para la fuerza laboral, beneficios que terminaron masificando a la industria de los viajes, no menos cierto es que por el otro, las demandas sindicales que atentaban contra el aparato productivo capitalista fueron rechazadas y expulsadas hacia las afueras de los contornos de la sociedad. Sin miedo al error, puede afirmarse que el turismo es el terrorismo por otros medios. Desde dentro, la lucha sindical y la huelga fueron los mecanismos legales para lo que fuera de las fronteras fueron denominados actos de terrorismo. A medida que la lógica de producción capitalista comenzó a descentralizarse, y las viejas estructuras de poder fueron recicladas, los blancos de los ataques terroristas dejaron de ser los políticos, o personajes importantes de la cultura, para pasar a ser los turistas. Comprender la función social del lujo es entender la forma en que la organización del trabajo y el terrorismo convergen.
Terrorism-led studies pointed out to tourism as a pleasure industry where visitors experience hedonism and luxury. Many analysts see in tourism a secular activity that intrudes in the religious forms of Middle East, while others signals to the resentment generated by unlimited luxury and ostentation these types of establishment offer. A third view is oriented to discuss a new fresh thesis. We argue that are inextricably intertwined by means of the industrial organization of labor. Nor terrorism is a monopoly of Islam, neither it is a modern phenomenon. If, on one hand, the worker union struggle resulted in a set of monetary and legal benefits for workforce, advantages that led to a mass-tourism, no less truth was that, on another hand, those claims which defied the capitalist order were rejected and expulsed towards the periphery of system. With no fear to any mistake, this validates the idea that tourism is terrorism by other means. Within society, strike and worker union organization served as two legal mechanisms to discipline workers, but beyond the control of society, the same was labeled as terrorism. At time the logic of production was decentralized, as main target of terrorism, politicians and important celebrities set the pace to lay people and tourists. By understanding the role played by luxury at this stage, is a good first step to acknowledge that organization of labor and terrorism converge.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.7388
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/7388

Résumé : Les processus ponctuels sont souvent utilisés comme modèles de répartitions spatiales ou spatio-temporelles d'occurrences Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à des processus de Cox dirigés par un processus caché associé à un processus de Dirichlet. Ce modèle correspond à des occurrences cachées influençant l'intensité stochastique des occurrences observées. Nous généralisons la notion de Shot noise Cox process et développons le traitement bayésien. Nous focalisons l'inférence statistique sur l'estimation de la valeur espérée de chaque contribution cachée, leur nombre espéré, degré d'influence spatiale et degré de corrélation L'utilité en épidémiologie et en écologie est démontrée à partir de données de Rubus fruticosa, lbicella lutea et de mortalité dans les cantons de Georgie, USA. En termes de données observées, deux situations sont considérées: d'abord, les positions spatiales des occurrences sont observées entre plusieurs paires de dates consécutives; puis, des comptages sont effectués dans des unités d'échantillonnage spatiales. D'autre part, nous nous intéressons aux processus ponctuels à mémoire introduits par Kagan, Ogata et Vere-Jones. En effet, les processus ponctuels ont une place importante dans l'étude des catalogues sismiques. Nous avons étudié un modèle Epidemie Type Aftershock Sequence avec une intensité d'arrière-plan indépendante du temps et plusieurs fonctions déclenchantes permettant d'intégrer les événements antérieurs récents. Cette approche est utilisée pour étudier la sismicité des Petites Antilles. Une étude comparative des modèles Gamma, Weibull, Log-Normal et loi d'Omori modifiée pour les fonctions déclenchantes est menée.
Point processes are often used as spatial or spatio-temporal distribution models of occurrences. In this Phd dissertation, we focus first on Cox processes driven by a hidden process associated with a Dirichlet process. This model corresponds to hidden occurrences influencing the stochastic intensity of observed occurrences. We generalize the notion of Shot noise Cox process and develop its bayesian analysis. We focus the statistical inference on the estimation of the hidden contribution expected value, the hidden contribution expected number, the spatial influence and correlation parameters. Applications in epidemiology and ecology are shown from Rubus fruticosa data, Ibicella lutea data and death number data in counties of Georgia, USA. Two situations are considered with respect to available data: firstly, the spatial positions of occurrences are observed between several pairs of consecutive dates; secondly, counts are carried out over a fixed time interval in several spatial sampling units. Secondly, we focus on point processes with memory intr oduced by Kagan, Ogata and Vere-Jones. Spatio-temporal point processes play an important role in the studies of earthquake catalogs since they consist of seismic events with their dates and spatial locations. We studied an Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence model with time independent background intensity and several triggering functions taking into account previous events. We illustrate our approach with a seismicity study of the Lesser Antilles arc. A comparaison study of Gamma, Weibull, Log-Normal and modified Omori law triggering function models is also carried out

http://www.theses.fr/2012AGUY0555/document

Résumé : La rénovation urbaine de Pointe-à-Pitre (1961-1981) fut l'une des plus vastes jamais menée en France entre 1961 et 1981 et la première programmée en outre-mer. Elle avait pour but de répondre à la crise du logement et de réhabiliter des quartiers de cases insalubres qui s'étaient étendus de façon non maîtrisée sur des marécages situés autour de la ville. Cette rénovation urbaine ne fut pas simplement une opération d'aménagement car elle servit de front pionnier et de laboratoire aux acteurs de la composition urbaine en outre-mer par la mise en place d'organismes publics à qui l'État confia une compétence fonctionnelle pour aménager le territoire. A cette occasion furent introduits en Guadeloupe, une nouvelle architecture et un nouvel urbanisme retlet de la modernité.
Urban renewal of Pointe-à-Pitre (1961-1981) was one of the 1argcstever conducted in France during the years (1961- . 1981) and the fust programmed overseas territories. 1'0 respond to the housing crisis and renovate parts of unhealthy ceUsthat had spread in an uncontroUed manner on wetlands located around the city it was intended to. Urban renewal was not simply a development operations because it served as a frontier laboratory and the actors of the urban composition overseas by sctting up public bodies to which the State gave a functional competence develop the territory. On this occasion were introduced in Guadeloupe, a new architecture and new urbanism reflection of modernity.

http://www.theses.fr/2013AGUY0615/document

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Non-Linéaire Publications
Résumé : Depuis quelques decennies, l'energie eolienne conna^t une croissance considerable. Cependant cette energie est dependante de la vitesse du vent variant en intensite sur des echelles de temps qui incluent l'annee, la journee 'a quelques secondes. L'objectif de ce travail est de caracteriser les uctuations d'une serie temporelle de production eolienne. Dans un premier temps, nous verions l'utilisation de la Loi de Taylor, relation entre l'ecart type 2 P et la moyenne < p > : 2 P = C < p >. Cette relation fut observee en ecologie, en nance, dans les sciences du vivant et pour des donnees de trac internet [1]. De recents travaux fournissent des hypotheses d'explication quant a l'origine de cette loi [2,3]. L'exposant caracterise le type de dynamique du processus considere et varie entre 1=2 et 1. Dans notre cas d'etude, l'estimation de l'exposant est proche de 1. Quand = 1, les processus consideres sont a invariance d'echelle [1]. Pour mettre en evidence les proprietes d'invariance d'echelle de notre serie temporelle, nous eectuons une analyse multifractale pour estimer la fonction exposant d'echelle (h) a l'aide des moments d'ordre h de l'increment temporel des donnees de production eolienne P = P(t + ) P(t), telle que < Pq > (h) [5]. La fonction (h) est concave et non-lineaire : plus elle est concave, plus la serie analysee sera intermittente. Nous montrons que la serie temporelle de la production eolienne consideree est intermittente et possede des proprietes multifractales. De plus le modele de cascades aleatoires log-normal se revele pertinent pour decrire ces fluctuations.
Rencontre du Non-Linéaire

ISBN : 978-2-9538596-1-4
hal-00760932
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00760932

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Montpellier : CIRAD
Résumé : Les aménagements futurs nécessaires au développement rapide de la Guyane vont entraîner la conversion de terres forestières, participant ainsi au changement global. Les décideurs guyanais devront conjuguer ces aménagements avec la préservation des services écosystémiques forestiers. Le projet GuyaSim avait comme objectif l’approfondissement des connaissances sur ces services (stock de carbone, biodiversité et qualité du sol)et le transfert d’un logiciel aux décideurs pour faciliter l’intégration de ces connaissances dans les politiques d’aménagement du territoire. L’article présente les caractéristiques et les fonctionnalités de ce logiciel GuyaSim. Il s’agit d’un logiciel libre de type Sig, destiné a priori aux services d’aménagement des collectivités et du domaine forestier de Guyane. Le logiciel offre deux grands types de fonctionnalité : la mise à disposition d’informationset l’aide à l’aménagement. Les informations mises à disposition sont les scénarios de développement socio-économique, les scénarios climatiques et les valeurs des services écosystémiques. L’aide à l’aménagement consiste en des outils de construction des scénarios d’aménagement du territoire (changement d’usage des terres) et d’aménagement forestier (exploitation forestière), fournissant des informations sur l’impact environnemental. Les fonctionnalités du logiciel sont limitées par les connaissances sur les écosystèmes guyanais. Les avancées des projets de recherche en cours permettront de mettre à jour le logiciel à moyen terme
ISSN: 0006-579X

hal-01535354
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01535354
PRODINRA : 351684

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Calculation of seismic risks in a zone are based on stochastic models describing at best the seismic activity. Our focus is the spatio-temporal evolution of the probability of earthquake occurrences. The main modelling tool is the theory of the point processes. We discuss about the spatio-temporal extension of ETAS (Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence) with marks and study the properties of the log-likelihood and the maximum likelihood estimators. Seismic data from the Lesser Antilles Arc carried out between 1999 and 2004 are analyzed.
39th Annual Meeting of the Statistical Society of Canada
Wolfville, Canada

hal-00601513
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00601513

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Given the technological development of embedded satellite sensors, the potential of available satellite images increases so that the question now arises of their most efficient exploitation possible. This is the purpose of the CARTAM-SAT project to fluidize the processing workflow from satellite images to users. The thesis is part of this framework.Processing operations relating to images have evolved over the years. Low-resolution images were processed by a so-called pixel approach while the high-resolution has allowed the development of a so-called object approach. The latter focuses on analysing not about the isolated pixels, but about groups of pixels representative of concrete objects on the ground. Thus, in principle, these are groups of pixels with a domain-specific remote sensing semantics.Along with satellite imagery, knowledge representation has evolved. The standards of representation have benefited from the expansion of the web to give rise to standards like OWL. This one is widely based on description logics that allow the use of automated reasoners able to infer implicit knowledge.This thesis is at the junction of these two sciences and provides an ontological approach for analysing satellite images. The aim is to formalize different types of knowledges and conceptualizations implicitly used by image processing programs and by remote sensing experts, and then reasoning automatically on an image description to obtain one semantic interpretation.This general principle may have numerous technical variations. The implementation consisted in a prototype combining a satellite image analysis library and an ontology-based reasoner. The implementation proposed in the thesis allows to explore four technical variations of the principle that lead to discussions on the complementarity of pixel and object analysis paradigms, the representation of some of the spatial relations and the role of knowledge in relation to processing.
Étant donnée l'évolution technologique des capteurs embarqués à bord des satellites, le potentiel d'images satellitaires accessible s'accroît de telle manière que se pose maintenant la question de son exploitation la plus efficace possible. C'est l'objectif du projet CARTAM-SAT que de fluidifier la chaîne de traitement depuis les satellites jusqu'aux utilisateurs des images. La thèse s'inscrit dans ce cadre. Les traitements relatifs aux images ont évolué au cours des années. Les images basse résolution étaient traitées par une approche dite pixel alors que la haute résolution a permis le développement d'une approche dite objet. Cette dernière s'attache à analyser non plus des pixels isolés, mais des groupes de pixels représentatifs d'objets concrets sur le terrain. Ainsi, en principe, ces groupes de pixels sont dotés d'une sémantique propre au domaine de la télédétection. La représentation des connaissances a évolué parallèlement aux images satellitaires. Les standards de représentation ont profité de l'expansion du web pour donner naissance à des standards comme OWL. Celui-ci repose en grande partie sur les logiques de description qui permettent l'utilisation de raisonneurs automatiques capables d'inférer une connaissance implicite.Cette thèse se place à la jonction de ces deux sciences et propose une approche ontologique d'analyse des images satellitaires. Il s'agit de formaliser différents types de connaissances et de conceptualisations implicitement utilisés par les logiciels de traitement d'image et par les experts en télédétection, puis de raisonner automatiquement sur la description d'une image pour en obtenir une interprétation sémantique.Ce principe général est susceptible de nombreuses déclinaisons techniques. La mise en œuvre a consisté en la réalisation d'un prototype alliant une bibliothèque d'analyse d'images satellitaires et un raisonneur basé sur les ontologies. L'implémentation proposée dans la thèse permet d'explorer quatre déclinaisons techniques du principe qui mènent à des discussions sur la complémentarité des paradigmes d'analyse pixel et objet, la représentation de certaines relations spatiales et la place de la connaissance par rapport aux traitements.
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00998692

NNT : 2013MON20059
tel-00998692
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00998692
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00998692/document

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The analysis of field relationships between allochthonous crystalline slivers, ultramafic units and associated sedimentary cover in the high-pressure Schistes Lustrés units of northern Corsica allows reconstruction of the pre-orogenic architecture of a fossil Mesozoic Ocean-Continent Transition (OCT) of the Tethys basin. The studied area, encompassing the Serra di Pigno and Col de Téghime areas (Cap Corse) is composed of an assemblage of prealpine basement sheets made up of serpentinized mantle rocks, Permian gabbros and gneisses, locally associated with Paleozoic metabasites and micaschists. The sedimentary cover includes numerous intervals of calc-schists, marbles, quartzites, micaschists and dolomitic metabreccias yielding a great variety of lithostratigraphical successions. The metasedimentary sequences do not show affinities with the typical cover series of the Prépiémontais margin domains. This implies an origin from a more internal domain (oceanward) for the studied units. In addition, the sedimentary cover of the ultramafic basement units do not display the characters of the classical Alpine ophiolites but bear lithological features showing affinities with both continental and oceanic environments. We assume that the high variability of the sedimentary successions as well as the presence of a basement composed of continental and upper-mantle rocks is consistent with an origin at an OCT. The acidic basement slivers are regarded as former extensional allochthons of continental crust abandoned during breakup on a newly exhumed seafloor of peridotite composition. Such extensional allochthons, will then logically constitute the most internal continental slices buried at great depth during Alpine subduction. This work shows that a lot has to be expected from a revision of the Schistes Lustrés lithostratigraphy in the light of the new concepts of the evolution of the OCT domains.
ISSN: 0040-1951

hal-00795578
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00795578
DOI : 10.1016/j.tecto.2012.06.013

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Federación Española de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educación Física (FEADEF)
Résumé : International audience
The scientific literature about AIDS and physical exercise has been traditionally dominated by biomedical approaches. The first studies which were published in the beginning of the nineties focused mainly on the transmission risks of the virus during sports. Later studies were concerned with the physiological logics of the exercise on HIV-positive persons. Since the end of the nineties the therapeutic progress contributed to envisage sport as a way to mediate the side effects of medical treatments. However the present review highlights a serious gap in the literature on Sport and HIV using a sociological point of view. The authors of this article argue that the time has come to consider sociological data linked to the experiences of HIV/AIDS in order to understand the difficulties and barriers that seropositive persons have to face when participating in sport.
ISSN: 1579-1726

hal-01681888
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01681888

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
In order to reveal the structural properties at small scale within a geological unit apparently homogeneous at large scale, we explore the stochastic components of petrophysical measurements recorded in a borehole drilled through the Cretaceous siliclastic units of the South-eastern Basin of France. First, we analyse the instantaneous fluctuations of gamma ray log measurements searching for scaling laws in its power spectrum. Power spectra indicate a scaling behaviour with average exponent beta a values mostly falling in the range 1
ISSN: 0920-4105

hal-00496425
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00496425
DOI : 10.1016/j.petrol.2009.11.001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have linked prenatal traffic-related air pollution exposure to fetal growth. Recently, several studies have suggested exploring this association independently among boys and girls because of potential sex-specific biological vulnerability to air pollution. Residence-based factors can also influence fetal growth by enhancing susceptibility to the toxic effects of air pollution and must also be considered in these relations. OBJECTIVE: We examined sex-specific associations between prenatal air pollution exposure and fetal growth and explored whether they differed by the urban-rural status of maternal residence. METHODS: This study relied on the PELAGIE mother-child cohort (2521 women, Brittany, France, 2002-2006). Fetal growth was assessed through birth weight, head circumference and small weight (SGA) and small head circumference (SHC) for gestational age. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations at mothers' homes were estimated by using a land use regression model taking into account temporal variation during pregnancy. Associations between estimated NO2 concentrations and fetal growth were assessed with linear regression or logistic regression models, depending on the outcome investigated. RESULTS: An interquartile range (8.8µgm(-3)) increase in NO2 exposure estimates was associated with a 27.4g (95% CI 0.8 to 55.6) increase in birth weight and a 0.09cm (95% CI 0.00-0.17) significant increase in head circumference, among newborn boys only. Their risks of SGA and SHC were reduced (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.53-0.92, OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.56-1.03, respectively, for an increase of 8.8µgm(-3)). No statistically significant trends were observed among girls. Urban-rural status modified the effect of air pollution only for SHC and again only for newborn boys. CONCLUSION: Findings from this study confirm the need to consider sex-specific associations between air pollution and fetal growth and to investigate possible mechanisms by which traffic-related air pollution may increase anthropometric parameters at birth
Environmental Research

hal-01205354
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01205354
DOI : 10.1016/j.envres.2015.09.006
PUBMED : 26378737

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé :  
absent
Ecology and Management of a Neotropical Rainforest: lessons drawn from Paracou, a long-term experimental research site in French Guiana

ISBN : 2-84299-455-8
hal-01189469
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01189469
PRODINRA : 40235