Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
This study compared the conventional parameters of anaerobic cycling power in physically active non-cyclists using the Pro-Race® system and a traditional chainring. The force--velocity test was chosen for this purpose because it is the shortest validated cycling laboratory test in which each parameter of maximal anaerobic power can be estimated. The power output (Wmax) and the force at whichWmax is produced (Fopt) were significantly improved with the eccentric chainring (1100±227W versus 1006±197W and 1.39±0.15 N/kg body mass versus 1.13±0.16 N/kg body mass with the eccentric and round designs, respectively; P < 0.006 and P < 0.0004, respectively). The power gained (delta power) was significantly correlated with the eccentric chainring Fopt (r = 0.649; P < 0.05), the mid-thigh circumference (r = 0.685; P < 0.05), the estimated lean thigh volume (r = 0.765; P < 0.01) and the estimated lean lower limb volume (r = 0.665; P < 0.05). We concluded that the eccentric chainring significantly improved the estimated anaerobic power output during a force--velocity test by increasing the force component, Fopt. Cautious interpretation of our results suggests that the subjects with physical attributes that contribute to developing high forces may have a significant advantage in performing with the eccentric chainring.
ISSN: 1440-2440

hal-00703458
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00703458
DOI : 10.1016/j.jsams.2007.06.004

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Abstract View references (38)Silicalite-1 (S-1) and ZSM-5 membranes prepared by secondary growth on tubular ceramic supports were tested using a pervaporation set up for the desalination of aqueous solutions containing NaCl in concentrations corresponding to brackish (0.3-1wt%), sea (3.5wt%) and brine (7.5-15wt%) water. ZSM-5 membranes delivered higher water fluxes when compared with S-1 membranes due to enhanced hydrophilicity of the Al-rich zeolite structure leading to fluxes as high as 11.5kgm -2h -1 for 0.3wt% NaCl feed solutions at 75°C. At higher salt concentration the water flux decreased alongside with the salt rejection rate, however the hydrophilic ZMS-5 membrane became more susceptible to performance loss, particularly at high temperatures. Detailed stability experiments carried out for up to 560h showed the dissolution of both S-1 and ZSM-5 top layers. This was attributed to the combined effects of ion exchange and water dissolution mechanisms. Interesting though, the MFI structure zeolite was still observed on the XRD patterns whilst EDX depth profile showed the presence of silica up to 30μm depth into the support. These results suggest the formation/infiltration of a compact amorphous phase in the substrate, derived from the aggregation of the dissolved silicate species and possibly together with the arrangement of MFI nano-slabs during the desalination tests. Despite generating lower water fluxes, the S-1 membrane exhibited relatively high robustness under the long term testing conditions which included temperature cycling, delivering salt rejections from initial >99% to <80% at the end of the testing period (560h). © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
ISSN: 0376-7388

hal-01683201
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01683201
DOI : 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.05.074

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Taylor & Francis: SSH Journals
Résumé : International audience
We analysed stroke phases and arm and leg coordination during front crawl swimming with and without a wet suit. Twelve nationally and internationally ranked French male triathletes performed three swim trials in randomized order using the front crawl stroke with and without a wet suit. All triathletes swam at three different swim velocities, corresponding to the paces appropriate for the 800 m (V800), 100 m (V100) and 50 m (V50) events. The different stroke phases and arm and leg coordination were identified by video analysis. Arm coordination was quantified using a new index of coordination, which expresses the three major modalities of opposition, catch-up and superposition in swimming. At all swim velocities, no significant differences in leg movements with or without the wet suit were noted. However, the wearing of the wet suit was associated with a significantly greater stroke length at the paces appropriate for the 100 and 50 m events (+3.46% and +3.10% at V100 and V50, respectively; P<0.01); a significantly greater stroke index at all three velocities (+5.18%, +5.21% and +5.91% at V800, V100 and V50, respectively; P<0.01); a significantly shorter pulling phase (-10.97%; P<0.05) and lower index of coordination (-21.87%; P<0.01) at the pace appropriate for the 800 m; and a significantly greater entry and catch phase (+9.81%; P<0.05) at the pace appropriate for the 100 m. We conclude that the wet suit amplified the coordination mode of the triathletes (i.e. catch-up coordination) without modifying stroke rate, recovery phase or leg movements.
ISSN: 0264-0414

hal-00720724
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720724

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD L'Harmattan
Résumé : International audience
Cet ouvrage examine l’élaboration civilisationnelle des sociétés caribéennes par le biais de l’étude des matrices que constituent les différents champs de sa production artistique. Les contributions qui le composent font émerger les caractères propres aux sociétés caribéennes qui s’articulent dans les productions littéraires, musicales, plastiques et performatives de la région et de ses diasporas au 20e siècle.Ces travaux passent en revue les démarches créatives et les conceptualisations qui contribuent à la construction du sujet Caribéen et accompagnent son émancipation dans les champs littéraires anglophones francophones et hispanophones.Ils examinent également les apports conceptuels et paradigmatiques des formes musicales du reggae, du compas et du zouk.Ils montrent qu’au même titre que la création littéraire, les formes musicales du reggae du compas et du zouk constituent des espaces d’élaboration d’une Caraïbe différente de celle héritée de plusieurs siècles de colonisation plantationnaire. Enfin, les enjeux de la performance du corps des Afro-descendants en France ou en Jamaïque de même que la part de la création plastique dans l’édification civilisationnelle de la Caraïbe sont explorés du point de vue des valeurs et de modèles qu’ils contestent ou qu’ils élaborent
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01677097

ISBN : 9782343107707
hal-01677097
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01677097

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Session "Articles"
National audience
Dans cet article, nous présentons une méthode robuste et précise pour détecter 17 points caractéristiques du visage sur des images expressives. Une nouvelle architecture multi-résolution basée sur les récents algorithmes multi-noyau est introduite. Les patches de faibles résolutions codent les informations globales du visage donnant lieu à une détection grossière mais robuste du point désiré. Les patches de grandes résolutions quant à eux utilisent les détails locaux afin d'affiner cette localisation. En combinant une détection indépendante de points et des informations a priori sur les distributions de points, nous proposons un détecteur robuste aux changements d'expressions ainsi qu'aux variations d'illuminations. Ce système a été évalué sur plusieurs bases de données de la littérature. Les résultats présentés améliorent les performances des détecteurs de l'état de l'art
Actes de la conférence RFIA 2012
Lyon, France

hal-00656522
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00656522
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00656522/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00656522/file/rfia2012_submission_99.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Congrès SAES 2014 "Crossings"
Caen, France

hal-01664315
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01664315
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01664315/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01664315/file/Travers%C3%A9e%20mystique%20et%20recherche%20du%20p%C3%A8re%20dans%20Crossing%20the%20River%20de%20Caryl%20Phillips.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
In this paper, we present a novel method for recognition of handwritten sketches. Unlike previous approaches, we focus on online retrieval and ability to build our model incrementally, thus we do not need to know all the data in advance and we can achieve very good recognition results after as few as 15 samples. The method is composed of two main parts: feature representation and learning and recognition. In feature representation part, we utilize SIFT-like feature descriptors in combination with soft response Bag-of-Words techniques. Descriptors are extracted locally using our novel sketch-specific sampling strategy and for support regions we follow patch-based approach. For learning and recognition, we use a novel technique based on fuzzy-neural networks, which has shown good performance in incremental learning. The experiments on state-of-the-art benchmarks have shown promising results.
17th Biennial Conference of the International Graphonomics Society
Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe

hal-01166497
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01166497
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01166497/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01166497/file/IGS_2015_submission_37.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Peter Lang
Résumé : International audience
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01151982

hal-01151982
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01151982

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : National audience
INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe complication of systemic sclerosis and detecting PAH efficiently remains challenging. The DETECT study has offered in 2013 a composite screening tool for PAH. The objective of our study was to compare the indication of right heart catheterisation (RHC) as suggested by the DETECT algorithm with the decisions of a multidisciplinary team. METHODS: This prospective monocentric non-interventional study consecutively included systemic sclerosis patients when data required to apply DETECT algorithm were available. We evaluate the number of RHC as requested by this algorithm and confronted it with the indications of RHC suggested by a multidisciplinary group blinded for the result of DETECT algorithm. RESULTS: In total, 117 systemic sclerosis patients were included. When DETECT algorithm was applied to all patients, RHC was suggested by this algorithm for 70 patients, whereas only 15 indications were required by the multidisciplinary group; among those patients only 7 had PAH. When DETECT algorithm was applied only to the 42 patients with DLCO<60% and disease duration of more than 3 years, RHC was suggested for 31 patients whereas only 13 were indicated by the multidisciplinary group; among those patients only 7 had PAH. CONCLUSION: The DETECT algorithm is able to efficiently detect all PAH patients finally diagnosed by our multidisciplinary team. However, it increases by 3 the number of RHC that should be performed.
La Revue de Médecine Interne

hal-01579606
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01579606
DOI : 10.1016/j.revmed.2017.04.005
PUBMED : 28545856

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD L'Harmattan
Résumé : International audience
Pourquoi un autre livre sur la culture Hip-Hop ? Parce que comme toute culture, elle est dynamique et ne se laisse pas dompter. Elle possède l’essencedes cultures, elle recherche le contact avec l’autre. Même si le mouvement possède une histoire, une tradition réelle, il ne se réduit pas au rap, ni auxafricains-américains, ni aux clichés déversés par les clips vidéos. Le Hip-Hop doit son dynamisme et sa longévité à sa capacité à entrer en contact avecd’autres cultures et à se laisser infiltrer. Se faisant, il est également porteur de contradictions. Parfois victime de son propre succès, le mouvement Hip-Hop est le résultat d’échanges complexes, de conditions sociopolitiques nourries par des sentiments de désillusion et d’aliénation. De manière élémentaire, nous pouvons le qualifier de « produit de l’Amérique d’après la lutte des droits civiques ».C’est un ensemble d’expressions culturelles conçu par la jeunesse des communautés africaine-américaine, latino-américaine et caribéenne-américaineà New York et ses environs durant les années soixante-dix. Son moyen d’expression le plus populaire a été la musique rap ; néanmoins la danse, legraffiti, la mode vestimentaire, l’art audiovisuel, la criminalité, le sport et le commerce sont aussi ses « terrains de jeu » (Nelson, 1998 :8). La « générationHip-Hop » a entre 13 et 40 ans. Elle a grandi avec ces expressions Hip-Hop comme repère socioculturel, politique et idéologique. Le mouvement continued’avoir un impact considérable sur l’industrie vestimentaire, la presse écrite, l’enseignement, la télévision, le langage, la sexualité, les relations hommefemme, les politiques sociales et économiques aux États-Unis et dans le reste du monde. Parce qu’elle a capturé l’attention et l’imagination d’un grand nombre individus d’origines ethniques et sociales très diverses, elle mérite qu’on s’y intéresse avec beaucoup de sérieux. Nous chercherons à interroger cette culture fertile à la lumière de plusieurs grands thèmes, à savoir : la société étasunienne, la politique, le multiculturalisme, les substances narcotiques, l’Afrique, la mort, la "glocalisation", le capitalisme et l’interculturalité.
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01379678

ISBN : 9782296129313
hal-01379678
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01379678

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
INTRODUCTION: Alpha-1 antitrypsin, secreted by the liver, inhibits neutrophil elastase. Its deficiency favours the development of emphysema. Restoring a "protective" serum level in deficient patients should make it possible to inhibit the development of emphysema. STATE OF THE ART: Human plasma-derived alpha-1 antitrypsin is a blood-derived drug sold in France under the name Alfalastin(®). The recommended posology is an I.V. administration of 60mg/kg once a week. Human plasma-derived alpha-1 antitrypsin restores anti-elastase protection in the lower lung and prevents experimental emphysema induced by the elastasis of human neutrophils in hamster. The low number of patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is one of the difficulties to perform sufficiently powerful randomised studies. However, randomised studies have reported the efficacy of human plasma-derived alpha-1 antitrypsin perfusions on mortality, FEV1 decline and the frequency of exacerbations. Randomised control trials have demonstrated the efficacy of human plasma-derived alpha-1 antitrypsin perfusions on the loss of lung density assessed by CT scan. CONCLUSION: Augmentation therapy is simple in its conception and implementation, but it is expensive. However, there are currently no other solutions.
Revue Des Maladies Respiratoires

hal-01146841
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01146841
DOI : 10.1016/j.rmr.2014.10.001
PUBMED : 25908241

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
We aimed to assess the impact of a postoperative drainage after RPN. A retrospective multicentric study included RPN performed at eight centers between 2010 and 2014. Three centers stopped using postoperative drainage early in their RPN experience, whereas other institutions systematically left a drain. Preoperative characteristics, complication rates, need for postoperative imaging or procedure (surgical or radiological) and length of hospital stay were compared between the two groups [drainage (D) and no drainage (ND)]. Among 636 RPNs, 140 were done without drainage (22 %). In the ND group, surgeons were more experienced (> 50 cases: 55.7 vs. 15.1 %; p < 0.0001), and tumors were more complex (RENAL score: 7.6 vs. 6.5; p < 0.0001). Complication rates were similar in both groups (21.9 vs. 20.2 %; p = 0.67). The omission of postoperative drainage did not increase requirement of CT scan (RR = 1.03; 95 % CI 0.64-1.67). Length of hospital stay was shorter in the ND group (4.5 vs. 5.5 days; p = 0.007). There were six urinary fistulas: four in the D group (0.8 %) and two in the ND group (1.4 %; p = 0.49). A CT scan was done to confirm the diagnosis of fistula in every case. In multivariate analysis, the omission of drainage was not associated with increased need of postoperative CT scan or major complications but was a predictor of decreased length of stay. The omission of postoperative drainage does not seem to increase the risk of postoperative complications and could safely be omitted after RPN.
ISSN: 0724-4983

hal-01361502
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01361502
DOI : 10.1007/s00345-015-1721-2
PUBMED : 26511751

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01664245

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/
hal-01664245
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01664245
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01664245/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01664245/file/L%27AUTRE%20SCENE_L%27ESPACE%20DU%20REVE%20DANS%20DREAM%20ON%20MONKEY%20MOUNTAIN%20DE%20DEREK%20WALCOTT.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
This paper investigates the narrative challenges and opportunities that contemporary virology offers to popular science and to fiction. The study of viruses reveals extremely complex relations, playing out over different physical and temporal scales. Viruses constitute a heterogeneous population whose interactions with living organisms occur on multiple levels, and whose numbers are vastly superior to human and even bacterial populations on earth. The resulting challenges for narration can be grouped into three main formal questions. The first is the problem of scale, since the numbers and sizes of virus and host populations are vastly different, as are the temporalities over which they transform and survive. The second is the complexity of actants, since viruses are involved in relations where destruction and mutual benefit can overlap, and genetic transformations are played out over many generations. The third is the choice of images through which to convey their behaviours: many existing metaphors in microbiology, such as “chimeras”, “parasites” or “kill-the-winner dynamics”, carry the narrative potential of a mythological and/or theatrical imagination.These questions will first be examined as challenges encountered in the narration of biology for vulgarization purposes, and effects on narrative forms will be outlined: shifts in focalization in order to create multiscalar perspectives; unstable actantial models as expressions of complex relations; and the use or resistance to narrative structures implied by several key metaphors in virological discourse. These formal characteristics will then be presented through two case studies drawn from contemporary fiction. In his “scientific fable” Conflits Intérieurs (2015), microbiologist Eric Bapteste creates a multiscalar narrative by using humans and viruses as both protagonists and narrators in a battle of ideas. In the graphic novel aâma (2011-2014), Frederik Peeters explores the ambiguous potential, both symbiotic and threatening, of a meta-organism uniting humans with microscopic agents. Both these novels play with scale, metaphor and actants so as to question the fundaments of human identity. They posit the act of narration as a defining human attribute, and consequently use the narrative voice as an arena in which we observe the weakening of the notion of the subject by microbiology.
“Narrative, Cognition & Science” Symposium
Erlangen, Germany

hal-01434744
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01434744

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD L'Harmattan
Résumé : International audience
Les cultures urbaines dans la Caraïbe

ISBN : 9782343090580
hal-01379680
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01379680

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Before attaining the mantle wedge, where they trigger partial melting, volatiles released from dehydration reactions in the slab have to migrate across a relatively cold (<750 degrees C), peridotite-layer above the incoming slab. In order to unravel the mechanisms allowing for this initial stage of fluid transport, we performed a detailed field and microstructural study of metamorphic prograde peridotites in the Cerro del Almirez ultramafic massif (Betic Cordillera, Spain), where evidences of one of the most important dehydration reactions in subduction zones, the high-pressure antigorite breakdown (P = 1.6-1.9 GPa and T approximate to 680 degrees C), can be mapped in the field. This reaction led to arborescent growth of centimeter-size olivine and orthopyroxene, producing a chlorite-harzburgite with a spinifex-like texture. Microstructural observations and crystal preferred (CPO) mapping show no evidences of solid-state deformation during the prograde growth of olivine and orthopyroxene at the expenses of antigorite. However, a few tens to a hundred meters away from the reaction front, the metamorphic texture is partially obliterated by grain-size reduction in roughly planar conjugate zones, a few mm to meters wide. Grain size reduction zones (GSRZ) are characterized by (1) sharp contacts with undeformed spinifex-like texture domains, (2) important reduction of the olivine grain size (60-250 mu m), (3) olivine color change from brownish to colorless, (4) decrease in the modal amount of orthopyroxene, and (5) at the mm- to cm-scale, irregular shapes and abrupt terminations. Field and microstructural observations exclude that relative displacement took place across these GSRZ. Changes in modal composition imply reactions with fluids undersaturated in silica. Analysis of olivine crystal-preferred orientations (CPO) in GSRZ shows patterns similar, but more dispersed, than those in neighboring spinifex-like domains. It also reveals mm- to cm-scale discrete domains with rather homogeneous crystallographic orientations suggesting inheritance from the preexisting spinifex-like olivines in the host peridotite. Misorientation angles between neighboring grains in the GSRZ show peaks at similar to 5-10 degrees and similar to 20 degrees, but rotations are not crystallographically controlled. Based on these observations, we rule out the formation of the GSRZ by dynamic recrystallization during dislocation creep and propose that they record brittle deformation (microcraking) of the spinifex-like chlorite-harzburgite, probably induced by hydrofracturing at high pressure and relative low temperature conditions (680-710 degrees C). High-pressure hydrofracturing can, thus, be invoked as an efficient mechanism for fluid flow across the cold top-slab mantle layer, hence allowing the slab-derived fluids to ingress in the wedge.
ISSN: 0012-821X

hal-00534035
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00534035
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.06.029

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Journée d'études du 27/04/17 « Révolution, dictature, résistance dans le monde américano-caraïbe »
Située au nord de Trinidad et Tobago, l'île de la Grenade fait partie de ces nations caribéennesaujourd'hui indépendantes dont l'histoire révolutionnaire a été singulièrement marquée par lacolonisation, l'esclavage, et plus récemment, par l'interventionnisme américain, au même titre quel'emblématique Cuba. En fait, les deux révolutions sont idéologiquement et historiquement liées, maisconnaîtront des heurs divers. Certes, il est vrai qu'à l'instar de Cuba, la Grenade – en espagnol, laGranada – possède un passé colonial indélébile, qui a lourdement impacté sur la conscience politique etesthétique de son peuple, mais l'histoire retiendra surtout de la Grenade le souvenir d'une révolutionavortée. A plus d'un titre, l'intériorisation de ce trauma, et la résilience qui en découle, représentent descomposantes essentielles du legs historique participant à la formation de l'identité culturelle caribéenne.De fait, celle-ci s'est exprimée au cours des quatre dernières décennies, sous des modes divers, par lebiais des arts et de la littérature, suivant une logique d'extériorisation et d'esthétisation de la blèsoriginelle. Comment donc passer sous silence – autrement dit, censurer, – la violence, et la gravité del'épisode d'occupation militaire américaine, qui se solda en 1983 par l'assassinat du premier ministregrenadien Maurice Bishop, au profit d'enjeux géopolitiques dits « supérieurs » ? Chassez le refoulé, ilreviendra toujours au galop. Telle est la leçon retenue par les artistes-historiens grenadiens qui se sontpenchés sur la question, et dont nous tâcherons d'élucider la portée du travail, aussi bien sur planplastique, esthétique que politique.
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01664579

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
hal-01664579
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01664579
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01664579/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01664579/file/D%C3%A9-peindre%20la%20r%C3%A9volution%20grenadienne_traumas%2C%20censures%2C%20lib%C3%A9rations_F.%20LEFRANCOIS.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD L'Harmattan
Résumé : International audience
La culture hip-hop est née dans les quartiers défavorisés de New-York à la fin des années 70 ; le mouvement rastafari est né durant les années 30 dans les quartiers défavorisés à la Jamaïque. Depuis les années 90, aux États-unis, de plus en plus d'adeptes du mouvement rastafari expriment leur créativité, leurs croyances à travers les disciplines de la culture hip-hop. A la lumière des concepts de médiation, d'interculturalité et de créolisation, comment comprendre et analyser le rapprochement de ces deux phénomènes socioculturels majeurs ? Comment se manifestent ces échanges interculturels ?
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01379679

ISBN : 9782296111998
hal-01379679
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01379679

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Whole-rock concentrations of Se and Te were determined in 53 peridotite samples collected in orogenic bodies from the Eastern Pyrenees, including the Lherz massif (33 samples), the type-locality of Iherzolite. Orogenic Iherzolites tectonically emplaced into the continental crust escaped devolatilisation that may strongly alter concentrations of those volatile trace elements in basalt-hosted peridotite xenoliths. The Se and Te concentration ranges (<3.5-100.7 ppb; <1-11 ppb) are consistent with the few analyses of mantle samples yet available, yet extending to higher Se concentrations. In-situ analyses performed by LAM-ICPMS on base metal sulfides indicate that the Se budget is controlled by sulfides whereas a large fraction of Te (50 +/- 30%) does not reside in sulfides. The missing fraction is accounted for by fractional crystallization of Pt-Pd tellurides from Cu-Ni sulfide melts. A maximum of one third of the S budget of Eastern Pyrenean peridotites was added by assimilation of crustal sulfides, which crystallized as pyrite. Disregarding those contaminated samples, some features of the Se and Te systematics (e.g. bivariate plots vs. fertility index) cannot be explained by partial melting processes. The best fit for 33 peridotites (mostly from Lherz) yields higher than chondritic S/Se (3.1213 +/- 500; r(2) = 0.96) for near chondritic Se/Te (8.6 +/- 2; r(2) = 0.9). Our study suggest that such superchondritic S/Se ratios are better explained by petrogenetic processes involving refertilization of harzburgitic lithosphere by metal (Cu,Ni)-rich sulfide melts precipitated along with clinopyroxene and Al-spinel from silicate melts en-route to the surface.
ISSN: 0009-2541

hal-00544577
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00544577
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.09.007

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Résumé : International audience
Background: Glycol ethers (GE) are widely used organic solvents. Despite the potential neurotoxicity of several families of organic solvents, little is known about the impact of GE on the neurodevelopment of infants and children. Objectives: We investigated the relation between urinary concentrations of GE metabolites in pregnant women and neurocognitive abilities in their 6-year-old children in the PELAGIE mother-child cohort. Methods: Five GE metabolites were measured in first morning void urine samples of 204 French pregnant women in early pregnancy (<19 weeks of gestation). Psychologists assessed the neurocognitive abilities of their 6-year-old children with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children IV (WISC) and the Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment (NEPSY). We analyzed the results with linear (WISC) and Poisson regression models (NEPSY), adjusted for potential confounders, including child's stimulation at home. Results: GE metabolites were detected in 90-100% of maternal urine samples. The WISC Verbal Comprehension score was significantly lower for children with the highest tertile of urinary phenoxyacetic acid (PhAA) [beta (third vs. first tertile)=-6.53; 95% CI: -11.44, -1.62]. Similarly, the NEPSY Design Copying subtest score was lower in those with the highest tertile of urinary ethoxyacetic acid (EAA) [beta (third vs. first tertile)=-0.11; 95% CI: -0.21, 0.00]. The other GE metabolites we studied were not significantly associated with WISC or NEPSY scores. Conclusions: Prenatal urine concentrations of two GE metabolites were associated with lower WISC Verbal Comprehension Index scores and NEPSY Design Copying subscale scores, respectively, at age 6 years. PhAA is the primary metabolite of 2-phenoxyethanol (EGPhE), which is commonly found in cosmetics, and precursors of EAA are frequently used in cleaning agents. Additional research is needed to confirm our findings and further explore potential effects of prenatal GE exposures on neurocognitive performance in children.
ISSN: 0091-6765

hal-01519256
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01519256
DOI : 10.1289/EHP39
PUBMED : 27740510