Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : 1. Resource control over abundance, structure and functional diversity of soil microbial communities is a key determinant of soil processes and related ecosystem functioning. Copiotrophic organisms tend to be found in environments which are rich in nutrients, particularly carbon, in contrast to oligotrophs, which survive in much lower carbon concentrations. We hypothesized that microbial biomass, activity and community structure in nutrient-poor soils of an Amazonian rain forest are limited by multiple elements in interaction. We tested this hypothesis with a fertilization experiment by adding C (as cellulose), N (as urea) and P (as phosphate) in all possible combinations to a total of 40 plots of an undisturbed tropical forest in French Guiana. After 2years of fertilization, we measured a 47% higher biomass, a 21% increase in substrate-induced respiration rate and a 5-fold higher rate of decomposition of cellulose paper discs of soil microbial communities that grew in P-fertilized plots compared to plots without P fertilization. These responses were amplified with a simultaneous C fertilization suggesting P and C colimitation of soil micro-organisms at our study site. Moreover, P fertilization modified microbial community structure (PLFAs) to a more copiotrophic bacterial community indicated by a significant decrease in the Gram-positive:Gram-negative ratio. The Fungi:Bacteria ratio increased in N fertilized plots, suggesting that fungi are relatively more limited by N than bacteria. Changes in microbial community structure did not affect rates of general processes such as glucose mineralization and cellulose paper decomposition. In contrast, community level physiological profiles under P fertilization combined with either C or N fertilization or both differed strongly from all other treatments, indicating functionally different microbial communities. While P appears to be the most critical from the three major elements we manipulated, the strongest effects were observed in combination with either supplementary C or N addition in support of multiple element control on soil microbial functioning and community structure. We conclude that the soil microbial community in the studied tropical rain forest and the processes it drives is finely tuned by the relative availability in C, N and P. Any shifts in the relative abundance of these key elements may affect spatial and temporal heterogeneity in microbial community structure, their associated functions and the dynamics of C and nutrients in tropical ecosystems.
ISSN: 0269-8463

hal-01204229
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01204229
DOI : 10.1111/1365-2435.12329
PRODINRA : 311389

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Well-designed and effectively managed networks of marine reserves can be effective tools for both fisheries management and biodiversity conservation. Connectivity, the demographic linking of local populations through the dispersal of individuals as larvae, juveniles or adults, is a key ecological factor to consider in marine reserve design, since it has important implications for the persistence of metapopulations and their recovery from disturbance. For marine reserves to protect biodiversity and enhance populations of species in fished areas, they must be able to sustain focal species (particularly fishery species) within their boundaries, and be spaced such that they can function as mutually replenishing networks whilst providing recruitment subsidies to fished areas. Thus the configuration (size, spacing and location) of individual reserves within a network should be informed by larval dispersal and movement patterns of the species for which protection is required. In the past, empirical data regarding larval dispersal and movement patterns of adults and juveniles of many tropical marine species have been unavailable or inaccessible to practitioners responsible for marine reserve design. Recent empirical studies using new technologies have also provided fresh insights into movement patterns of many species and redefined our understanding of connectivity among populations through larval dispersal. Our review of movement patterns of 34 families (210 species) of coral reef fishes demonstrates that movement patterns (home ranges, ontogenetic shifts and spawning migrations) vary among and within species, and are influenced by a range of factors (e.g. size, sex, behaviour, density, habitat characteristics, season, tide and time of day). Some species move <0.1–0.5 km (e.g. damselfishes, butterflyfishes and angelfishes), <0.5–3 km (e.g. most parrotfishes, goatfishes and surgeonfishes) or 3–10 km (e.g. large parrotfishes and wrasses), while others move tens to hundreds (e.g. some groupers, emperors, snappers and jacks) or thousands of kilometres (e.g. some sharks and tuna). Larval dispersal distances tend to be <5–15 km, and self-recruitment is common. Synthesising this information allows us, for the first time, to provide species, specific advice on the size, spacing and location of marine reserves in tropical marine ecosystems to maximise benefits for conservation and fisheries management for a range of taxa. We recommend that: (i) marine reserves should be more than twice the size of the home range of focal species (in all directions), thus marine reserves of various sizes will be required depending on which species require protection, how far they move, and if other effective protection is in place outside reserves; (ii) reserve spacing should be <15 km, with smaller reserves spaced more closely; and (iii) marine reserves should include habitats that are critical to the life history of focal species (e.g. home ranges, nursery grounds, migration corridors and spawning aggregations), and be located to accommodate movement patterns among these. We also provide practical advice for practitioners on how to use this information to design, evaluate and monitor the effectiveness of marine reserve networks within broader ecological, socioeconomic and management contexts.
ISSN: 1464-7931

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/
hal-01334353
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01334353
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01334353/document
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01334353/file/Green_et_al-2015-Biological_Reviews.pdf
DOI : 10.1111/brv.12155

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : Over the last 16 years, the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC - formerly the South Pacific Commission) has been developing and providing information on mid-water fishing techniques targeting the larger, deeper-swimming tunas that aggregate around FADs. SPC masterfishermen have conducted in-country fishing trials to test methods, such as vertical longlines, and train local fishermen in their construction and use. Vertical longline catch rates have varied considerably due to a range of reasons with no catches reported in some locations, or just sharks, to highs of over 6.5 kg /10 hooks/hour being recorded in other locations. Other methods like drop-stone, palu-ahi, and single-hook drifting lines have been developed within the region, with SPC adopting and transferring this technology to other locations. To further disseminate this information, SPC has recently published a technical manual outlining a range of mid-water fishing gears and techniques that can be used in association with FADs. An outline of the main gears and techniques with catch data where available is presented, with factors influencing catches discussed based on the findings of SPC masterfishermen over the years.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15295/12653.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15295/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : Since a few years, the catches of pelagic fish by artisanal fishermen of Reunion Island have strongly increased. Manpower and investments have been constant through the maintenance of about 30 fads all around the island. The traditional techniques of fishing pelagic fishes have been adapted in order to maintain a high level of catches and ensure the income of the fishermen. This report describes different techniques to capture pelagic fish on fads such as drift fishing, dragnet fishing and longline fishing. Knowledge, professional experience of fishermen are the main factors in setting fads and sustaining adaptability. The strong relation between the knowledge of the fishermen and the techniques is discussed. Then, the strategies of fishing, influenced by the environmental and seasonal conditions, and the species, are analysed.Original Abstract: L'activite de la petite peche a l'ile de La Reunion connait, depuis quelques annees, une periode d'expansion rapide de la production de poissons pelagiques. Ce developpement est d'autant plus remarquable qu'il s'effectue, en ce qui concerne la peche professionnelle artisanale, a effectif et investissement presque constants. Il est essentiellement du a la mise en place et a l'entretien d'un parc d'une trentaine de dispositifs de concentration de poissons (DCP), places tout autour de l'ile. Les techniques traditionnelles de peche de poissons pelagiques ont ete adaptees a ce nouveau concept, mais elles doivent continuellement evoluer et s'adapter aux modifications comportementales des poissons, afin de maintenir un niveau de capturabilite assurant les revenus des pecheurs. Cette etude s'attache a decrire les techniques de peche a la derive, a la traine et aux palangres, employees pour la capture de poissons pelagiques sur DCP. Bien que difficile a evaluer, l'experience du pecheur est un facteur determinant dans la mise en uvre de ces techniques et en permet l'amelioration constante. L'imbrication etroite entre le savoir-faire du pecheur et les techniques est egalement abordee et discutee. Enfin, les strategies de peche, fortement influencees par les conditions environnementales, les saisons et les especes rencontrees, y sont analysees.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15294/12652.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15294/

Éditeur(s) : Actes de colloque Ifremer n°28, 2000. ISBN-13 978-2-84433-047-5 ISBN-10 978-2-84433-047-5
Résumé : The international symposium "Tuna Fishing and Fish Aggregating Devices " , October 1999, in Martinique, takes stock of the exploitation of large pelagic fish around FADs, based on regional synthesis for the three oceans and the Mediterranean Sea. Main themes include technology, fishing methods, impact on resources, biology of fish aggregation, anthropology and economic aspects of FAD exploitation. The meeting will gather and disseminate results from recent and ongoing studies on FADs in the different oceans of the world, enhance collaboration between scientists and managers involved in the development of FADs, promote the emergence of scientific and technical research, form a network for cooperation and enhance communications between researchers in the different locations concerned.
Le colloque international « Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons» organisé en octobre 1999, en Martinique, permet de dresser un bilan, sous forme de synthèses régionales, de l'exploitation des grands poissons pélagiques à l'aide de DCP dans les trois océans et en Méditerranée. La technologie, les méthodes de pêche, l'impact sur les ressources, le comportement agrégatif des poissons et les aspects socio-économiques de l'utilisation des DCP sont les principaux thèmes développés. Ces travaux permettront d'assurer une diffusion large des résultats à l'échelle de l'océan mondial, de favoriser les échanges entre les scientifiques et les gestionnaires impliqués dans le développement des systèmes DCP, de promouvoir l'émergence de thèmes et projets de recherche scientifique et technologique, de mettre en oeuvre un réseau de communication et d'échanges entre les sites et les régions concernées.

Droits : 2000 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15326/12646.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15326/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : A new programme concerning the experimentation of about thirty Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) is to start in the Cape Verde Islands at the end of 1999. In this context, this communication is intended: - to evaluate the halieutic, economic and social conditions of the artisanal fishery in this archipelago, notably in terms of assets and constraints. Although these conditions are very heterogeneous depending on islands, the fads seem to be able to help the stabilization and the development of the fishing activities, disadvantaged by a low productivity, limited operating ranges of boats, and very irregular outings at sea. But the narrowness of the domestic market is likely to cause drops in the fish prices if the production increases, while the absence of institutional framework may be a handicap at the level of the management (of the programme itself, and/or of some possible conflicts of uses); - to carry out an assessment of the former experiments. It emphasized the insufficiency of the follow-up and the maintenance of the structures, of which the lifespan varied at the most between four and six months, as well as the positive effects of the concentration, and the interest of the fishermen already sensitized with these structures.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15317/12644.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15317/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : Hawaii was one of the first locations to adapt the Philippine payao concept for use in high energy, deep-water environments. Initial experimental fad deployments were made by the National Marine Fisheries Service in 1977. In 1980, the State of Hawaii started deploying FADs in a programme that has since expanded to its current status of 52 approved surface fad sites. Funding is primarily derived from federal US programmes and the FADs are primarily focused on the sport fishing community. fad sites were selected to expedite access by sport fishermen; specific sites were chosen after consultation with fishermen at public hearings. Since 1997, the FAD system has been managed on a collaborative basis between the State of Hawaii and the University of Hawaii. Hawaiian FADs evolved through two previous designs before the current system of single-sphere spar-buoy was adopted. Today's FADs have an "inverse catenary" mooring system comprised of sections of floating and sinking rope attached to a "tripod" concrete block anchor system. fad sites range between 3.2 km and 46 km from shore. Mooring depths range between 200 and 3,000 metres. Average on-site longevity is 31 months; there is no correlation between longevity and depth of mooring. Windward locations have significantly shorter lifespans than leeward locations. Ten to twenty fads are replaced each year. Each FAD costs approximately us$ 7,500 to build and deploy. Hawaiian fads are heavily used by private and commercial sport fishermen and by small-scale artisanal and commercial fishermen. Commercial pole-and-line boats occasionally use the FADs to capture skipjack tuna. Hawaiian FADs will continue to be used for various types of pelagic fisheries research.

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15280/12666.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15280/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999 15-19 octobre 1999
Résumé : The development of the FAD gave rise to technical problems owing to their conception, their setting spot and of their utilisation. Failings generated by the unreliability of components or the uncertain repair precariousness, those can prove to be here more and more expensive with the progression of the ageing of devices and reasons of their loss. For as various domains that aerospace or the fishing deck layout, the engineering has functional analysis tools that permit to reduce conception uncertainties of systems by the mean of a hierarchical classification of function values of components. The application of one of these techniques, the FMEA, Failure Mode and Effects Analysis, to the study of reasons of FAD loss in La Reunion describes perfectly everything that this type of method can bring to the appraisal in fishing technology. This preventive analysis method assess the potential risks integrates perfectly in the mind of a precaution approach as it would agree to see to apply to the FADs and to their exploitation.Original Abstract: Le developpement des DCP a entraine l'apparition de problemes techniques, issus tant de leur conception, de leur lieu d'implantation que de leur utilisation. Defaillances generees par le manque de fiabilite des composants ou la precarite de reparations aleatoires, celles-ci peuvent s'averer de plus en plus couteuses au fur et a mesure du vieillissement des systemes et cause a terme de leur perte. Pour des domaines aussi divers que l'aerospatiale ou l'amenagement de pont de peche, l'ingenierie dispose d'outils d'analyse fonctionnelle qui, par le biais d'une hierarchisation des valeurs des fonctions de chaque element des systemes etudies, permettent de reduire les incertitudes de la conception. L'application d'une de ces techniques, l'Amdec, analyse des modes de defaillance et de criticite, a l'etude des causes des pertes de DCP a La Reunion illustre parfaitement tout ce que ce type de methode peut apporter a l'expertise en technologie des peches. Cette methode d'analyse preventive qui recense et met en evidence les risques potentiels s'integre parfaitement dans l'esprit d'une approche de precaution telle que celle qu'il conviendrait de voir appliquer aux DCP et a leur exploitation.

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15289/12675.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15289/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : For most fisheries, increasing the local production of pelagic fish is the main objective of Fish Aggregating Devices (fads). This does not rule out the existence of a larger-scale impact, especially on the migratory behaviour of fish. The analysis of data collected during 25 experimental fishing surveys around Martinique between 1995 and 1997 has led to the hypothesis that fads influence the migratory behaviour of young dolphinfish. Unlike recent studies of dolphinfish migration in the Caribbean, which tend to show an annual migration pattern with a seasonal passage through the French West Indies, the experimental fishing surveys done over more than a year on a monthly basis on a single cohort, show that the migratory pattern of part of the regional stock could be disrupted. This analysis has made it possible to estimate an average growth rate for this species during the first year of life.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15321/12635.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15321/

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : The rapid development of the albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) driftnet fishery in the Pay of Biscay (Atlantic ocean, France) has incited European management authorities to ask for a study of its ecological impact on populations of common dolphins and striped dolphins. A programme with onboard observers has been led during 1992 and 1993, and a sighting survey has allowed the evaluation of the abundances of fractions of populations in the studied area. For the population of common dolphins, the biological parameter estimation has allowed the building of a discrete age-structured model based on a Leslie matrix. Sensitivity studies have been conducted using four model parameters (age of first reproduction, interval between births, juvenile and adult survival rates). Results show that the increase rate of the population presents the highest sensitivity versus adult survival rate and, in second place versus the interval between births.
Le développement rapide de la pêche au thon germon (Thunnus alalunga) au filet maillant dérivant dans le golfe de Gascogne a incité les instances de gestion européenne à demander une étude de son impact écologique sur les populations de dauphin commun et de dauphin bleu et blanc. Des observateurs embarqués à bord ont mené au cours des années 1992 et 1993 une campagne d'échantillonnage sur un parcours linéaire, ce qui a permis d'estimer l'abondance des fractions de populations présentes sur la zone étudiée. Pour la population de dauphins communs, l'estimation des paramètres biologiques a permis de construire un modèle à pas discret structuré en âge faisant appel à une matrice de Leslie. Des études de sensibilité ont été réalisées selon quatre paramètres du modèle; âge de première mise bas, intervalle entre mises bas, taux de survie des juvéniles, taux de survie des adultes sur les deux sexes confondus. Les résultats montrent que le taux d'accroissement de la population présente la plus forte sensibilité, en fonction du taux de survie des adultes avec, en deuxième ordre, l'intervalle entre mises bas.
Aquatic Living Resources (0990-7440) (Elsevier), 1998-11 , Vol. 11 , N. 6 , P. 359-369

Droits : 1998 Published by Elsevier SAS
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1998/publication-865.pdf
DOI:10.1016/S0990-7440(99)80001-1
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/865/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : Fishing with a beach seine for catching small pelagic fishes is a traditional activity in Martinique. Since the early eighties, an important decrease in the number of fishermen practising this activity has been recorded. In the context of high exploitation of reef resources, the beach seine presents a low selectivity, catching too many juveniles of demersal fish. The fads established in coastal areas, have been successfully used in others regions of the world for exploiting small pelagics. Thus, it could allow to favour a change of exploitation style of these resources in Martinique. In partnership, Ifremer, the Regional Council and the Fishing Committee have began an evaluation of the potentialities for this type of structures around the island. To achieve this study, several experimental coastal fads have been established in different places. Surveys by subaquatic observations are periodically carried out to compare the attractive power of different aggregation devices (colour, shape, volume) and understand the factors influencing the determinism of the aggregation (biotic and abiotic). The results presented and discussed correspond to the initial stage of this study which should be pursued in the next months.Original Abstract: La peche a la senne de plage pour la capture des petits poissons pelagiques est une activite halieutique traditionnelle et ancienne en Martinique. Depuis le debut des annees quatre-vingt, une diminution importante du nombre de pecheurs pratiquant cette activite est enregistree. Les dispositifs de concentration de poissons (DCP) implantes en zone cotiere sont abondamment utilises dans d'autres regions du monde avec succes. Ils pourraient donc permettre de redynamiser ce secteur en Martinique. L'Ifremer, le conseil regional et le comite des peches ont entrepris, en partenariat, une etude permettant d'evaluer les potentialites du developpement de ce type d'amenagement autour de l'ile. Pour realiser cette etude, plusieurs DCP cotiers experimentaux ont ete implantes dans differents sites. Ils font l'objet d'un suivi halieutique base sur les comparaisons des captures realisees par les professionnels sur et hors DCP. En parallele, des campagnes d'observations sous-marines sont effectuees de facon periodique. Elles permettent d'une part de comparer les pouvoirs attractifs de differents dispositifs d'agregation (forme, volume, couleur) et, d'autre part, de mieux comprendre les facteurs biotiques et abiotiques influencant le determinisme de l'agregation. Les resultats presentes et discutes correspondent a la phase initiale de l'etude qui doit se poursuivre dans les prochains mois afin de couvrir toute la saison de peche.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15302/12634.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15302/

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Sci Ltd
Résumé : The reduction of by-catch mortality is an objective of the ecosystem approach to fisheries and a request made by consumers. Elasmobranchs, an important component of the French tropical tuna purse seine fishery by-catch, are currently thrown back into the sea. Fishers interact with various types of elasmobranchs that range widely in size, weight and shape, and could pose various degrees of danger to the crew. A diversity of discarding practices within the fleet were reported, some practices were considered suitable, others needed to be adapted and improved and others simply had to be banned. The majority of the crews were likely to improve their handling practices if they were presented with practical suggestions that were quick and easy. Combining scientific observations and empirical knowledge from skippers and crew, a manual, providing appropriate handling practices to ensure crew safety and increase the odds of survival for released animals has been developed and disseminated. Bringing these good practices onto the decks of fishing vessels should contribute to the reduction of the fishing mortality of some vulnerable species. It would be positively viewed by consumers as an act that reduces fishing's footprint on the environment and promoting animal welfare which would improve the image of fishing industry. Mitigation research is by definition an iterative process and different complementary methods must be carried out at different levels of the fishing process to significantly reduce the mortality of the by-catch.
Marine Policy (0308-597X) (Elsevier Sci Ltd), 2014-02 , Vol. 44 , P. 312-320

Droits : 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00159/27008/28367.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.marpol.2013.09.025
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00159/27008/

Éditeur(s) : ICCAT
Résumé : Because one of the most common problems in fisheries is the definition of management units, we propose in this paper a bibliometric review focusing on the differentiation of Albacore populations, Thunnus alalunga, among and within oceanic regions (Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans, and Mediterranean Sea). This paper is the first step of a current work on a global review of Albacore tuna using an international aquatic database (ASFA). For the present purpose, 367 publications, mainly composed of articles (64%), but also conference papers, proceedings and reports (24%), and books (12%), were analyzed. We will see that the concept of the stock and its delimitation is controversial because of the divergence of results. Such a conclusion makes us believe in the urgent need of further studies targeting this currently overexploited species in most regions of the world, in order to improve management units currently used by regional organizations for fishery management.
Parce que l’un des problèmes les plus récurrents en halieutique est la définition même des unités de gestion, nous proposons dans ce papier un aperçu bibliographique traitant de la différentiation des populations de thon germon, Thunnus alalunga, au sein et entre les régions océaniques (l’océan Atlantique, Pacifique et Indien, et la mer Méditerranée). Ce papier est la première étape d’une revue en cours de rédaction sur le thon germon dans laquelle nous avons utilisé une base de données internationale aquatique (ASFA). Un total de 367 publications ont été traité comprenant principalement des articles scientifiques (64%), puis des conférences et rapports (24%), et des ouvrages (12%). Nous verrons que la notion de stock pour cette espèce et leur délimitation sont ambigües du fait des résultats divergents des études et de leur nature. Le principal constat est le besoin immédiat de travaux supplémentaires sur cette espèce considérée surexploitée dans la plupart des régions du monde et qui permettrait d’améliorer les limites des unités de stock actuellement utilisées par les organisations régionales des pêches.
Dado que uno de los problemas más comunes en las pesquerías es la definición de unidades de ordenación en este documento se propone una revisión bibliométrica centrada en la diferenciación de las poblaciones de atún blanco (Thunnus alalunga) entre y dentro de las regiones oceánicas (océanos Atlántico. Pacífico e Índico y mar Mediterráneo).).Este documento es el primer paso de una revisión global del atún blanco realizada mediante el uso de la base de datos acuática internacional (ASFA). En el documento se analizaron 367 publicaciones, sobre todo compuestas de artículos científicos (64%), pero también incluía la revisión de documentos, actas e informes de conferencias (24%) y libros (12%). Se puede observar que debido a las divergencias en los resultados, el concepto de stock y su delimitación sigue siendo un tema controvertido. Dichas conclusiones nos llevan a creer en la urgente necesidad de realizar estudios adicionales centrados en esta especie actualmente sobreexplotada en la mayoría de las regiones del mundo, con el fin de mejorar las unidades de ordenación utilizadas actualmente por las organizaciones regionales para fines de ordenación de pesquerías.
ICCAT Recueil de Documents Scientifiques (1021-5212) (ICCAT), 2013-07 , Vol. 70 , N. 3 , P. 1340-1354

Droits : 2013 ICCAT
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00149/25990/24085.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00149/25990/

Résumé : The fishery of tunas and tuna like fishes in the Atlantic Ocean had a major importance since the year 1956, when started the operations of the Japanese longliners, based on Brazilian ports (Doumenge, 1961 ; Borgstroin, 1964 ; Postel, 1964). [NOT CONTROLLED OCR]
Arq cien Mar, 1975-06 , Vol. 15 , N. 1 , P. 157-174

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1975/publication-4988.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4988/

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : Sea cruises were conducted for 57 days over 16 months to characterise pelagic fish aggregations around 2 moored fish aggregating devices (FADs) in Martinique (Lesser Antilles). Echosounder surveys run in a star pattern were used in conjunction with obliquely beamed sonar observations. An echo-integration-by-shoal algorithm was implemented to isolate pelagic fish shoals from sound scattering layers and to compute mean morphometric, positional and density parameters. Tree regressions were used to select and classify pelagic fish Target Strengths (TS), with reference to their spatial and temporal characteristics. The main type of pelagic fish aggregation was a large sub-surface aggregation. It was observed during all daytime periods within a radius of 400 m of the FAD. A smaller type of aggregation was observed closer to the surface and to the FAD in 65% of daytime periods. Large scattered fish were observed in 16% of daytime periods. At night, a medium-sized aggregation was detected in the sub-surface in 75% of night-time periods. The sizes of the fish inside the aggregations (determined from TS values) were lower in the small near-surface aggregation than in the large sub-surface aggregation. Mean packing densities of sub-surface medium fish and near-surface small fish aggregations (determined from TS and shoal acoustic density) were respectively 0.2 fish per m3 and 1.3 fish per m3. The acoustic methodology and results are discussed with reference to the characteristics and performance of the echosounder and to the spatial structure of pelagic fish aggregations around moored FADs in Martinique.
Fisheries Research (0165-7836) (Elsevier), 2006-06 , Vol. 82 , N. 1-3 , P. 162-175

Droits : Elsevier 2006
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-1734.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.fishres.2006.06.025
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1734/

Éditeur(s) : Société des Sciences Naturelles de la Charente-Maritime
Résumé : The authors give data on the catches during 1991 of some rare fishes to the French harbours : some fishes are recorded for the first time: Dibranchus atlanticus from the North-eastern Atlantic, Paralepis atlantica and Seriola rivoliana from the Baya of Biscay, Lepidocybium flavobrunneum from the statistical ICES Division 8 E. With the growth of the net-fishing for tunna, some pelagic rare species (Taractes asper; Luvarus imperialis, Istiophorid fishes are caught. Tetragonurus cuvieri is recorded for the second time from the Bay of Biscay. NOT CONTROLLED OCR
En 1991, les auteurs ont observé des poissons rares dans les ports français de l'Atlantique. Certains sont signalés pour la première fois dans les zones de capture concernées: Dibranchus atlanticus dans l'Atlantique nord-est, Paralepis atlantica et Seriola rivoliana dans le golfe de Gascogne, Lepidocybium flavobrunneum dans la zone CIEM Large Gascogne. Avec le développement de la pêche au thon au filet, des espèces pélagiques rares (Taractes asper; Luvarus imperialis, des lstiophoridés) ont été également observées. Tetragonurus cuvieri est signalé pour la seconde fois dans le golfe de Gascogne. OCR NON CONTROLE
Annales de la Société des Sciences Naturelles de la Charente-Maritime (Société des Sciences Naturelles de la Charente-Maritime), 1992 , Vol. 8 , N. 1 , P. 51-57

Droits : 1992 Société des Sciences Naturelles de la Charente-Maritime
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1992/publication-3683.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/3683/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999 15-19 octobre 1999
Résumé : Since 1983, the research on the optimal conception of FADs in Martinique was particularly focused on the improvement of their resistance to different maritime or human aggressions. Following several experimentations made with different types of fads, the choice was brought on light devices anchored in 1 500 to 2 000 m depths and an experimental approach was conducted to identify the causes of loss of fads and to attempt to modelize their hydrodynamic behaviour with relation to the sea conditions. Three mathematical models are used to simulate the fad behaviour under current action and swell, and to estimate the forces exerted on each part of the device. The results of this study are presented. The fad design used nowadays for the development of pelagic fishing in Martinique, recommendations for maintenance and preservation of the fads are also proposed.Original Abstract: De 1983 a 1994, les recherches sur une conception optimale des DCP de la Martinique ont ete plus particulierement orientees sur l'amelioration de leur resistance aux diverses agressions marines ou humaines. Suite aux multiples experimentations menees avec differents types de DCP, le choix de systemes legers ancres par fonds de 1 500 a 2 000 m a conduit a une demarche scientifique comprenant a la fois une analyse des causes de perte des DCP et la modelisation de leur comportement hydrodynamique en fonction des conditions de mer. Les resultats de ce programme ainsi que le plan du DCP retenu pour le developpement de la peche des poissons pelagiques en Martinique sont presentes. Des recommandations pour la maintenance et la preservation des dispositifs sont egalement proposees.

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15287/12673.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15287/

Éditeur(s) : Office National des Pêches
Résumé : The study of the reproduction of tunas (albacore. bluefin et bonito) is a science which was historically born on the Mediterranean coasts of the ancient world. Then, as numerous fields of biological oceanography applied to fisheries, it has been taken over on a larger scale and with great success by American and Japanese scientists.
L'étude de la reprodution des thons (germon. thon rouge et bonites) est historiquement une science née sur les bords de la Méditerranée de l'ancien monde. Puis, comme de nombreuses disciplines de l'océanographie biologique appliquée aux pêches, elle a été reprise à grande échelle et avec succès par les chercheurs américains et japonais. [NOT CONTROLLED OCR]
Pêche Maritime (Office National des Pêches), 1972 , N. 1132 , P. 3-7

Droits : Office National des Pêches
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1972/publication-5055.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/5055/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : In recent years, the use of fads in Martinique has evolved from an experimental stage to a productive one. This transformation results in the pitching up of operational device park by the regional fishery committee. Nevertheless, this technical change in fishing practices is not implemented in a homogeneous way all around the island; some differences exist especially between the Atlantic and the Caribbean coasts. From surveys carried out during an annual cycle on two main landing sites, this study describes the pelagic fishing activity around fads and in the open sea. A comparison of fishing strategies adopted in different places as well as an analysis of the results obtained by the fishing units in terms of species (size of catches and daily yields) allow to describe the progress made in the implementation adoption of this new fishing practice. For several fishermen, fishing around fads has become an exclusive job, practised all year round. For others, fads is used in addition to traditional fishing activity on flotsam, "Miquelon" fishing and keeps a seasonal character.Original Abstract: Au cours des recentes annees, l'utilisation des DCP en Martinique est passee du stade experimental au stade operationnel. Cette mutation se traduit par la prise en charge du parc de dispositifs operationnels par le comite regional des peches. Toutefois, l'adoption de cette nouvelle technique d'exploitation ne s'effectue pas de facon homogene dans toutes les communes de l'ile, des differences existent notamment entre les cotes Atlantique et Caraibe. A partir d'enquetes effectuees pendant un cycle annuel, sur deux principaux points de debarquement, cette etude decrit l'activite de peche des poissons pelagiques avec ou sans DCP. Une comparaison des strategies de peche developpees dans les differents sites ainsi qu'une analyse des resultats obtenus par les unites de peche en termes d'especes, de taille des captures, de rendement journalier permettent de decrire la progression differenciee de l'adoption de cette nouvelle activite halieutique. Pour certains pecheurs, la peche sous DCP est devenue un metier exclusif, pratique tout au long de l'annee. Pour d'autres, le DCP est utilise en complement de l'activite traditionnelle de peche sous bois derivants, " peche a Miquelon ", et conserve un caractere saisonnier.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15298/12657.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15298/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : In early 1980s, fad fisheries were introduced from the Philippines to Japan, mainly to Okinawa. The fisheries have well developed becoming one of the main fisheries in Okinawa where 210 fads are approved to deploy in 1999. The annual catch by roughly 1 000 boats (most of them are small) is 2500-4000 mt; average catch from one fad is about 20 mt; average catch by one boat on one day is 73 kilogrammes. fads are also important for easing the fishing pressures on bottom fish stocks. Most of the fads were deployed and managed by local fishermen's groups that have improved the structures of the system to withstand typhoons. The catches are strongly depending on the sites, usually the farther offshore, the better the catches. A variety of fishing methods are devised targeting each species and the size of the fish. Being most abundant and having relatively higher prices, yellowfin tuna is the most important and consists 68% of the total production. There have been conflicts among fishermen on the use of fads since the early stage of the fisheries development. Now, the number of fads is regulated by a management committee. Conflicts between fishermen and sport fishermen have become problems; on the other hand, the sport fishing could lead to further development of the fisheries. Degraded fish meat caused by high meat temperature and occasional oversupply have been major marketing problems since prices are strongly related to the meat quality and the fish supply.

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15281/12667.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15281/