Résumé : La problématique migratoire dans l’ultrapériphérie de l’Union européenne constitue un angle d’approche peu commun dans les études européennes. Espace de réflexion et de concertation qui cherche constamment à s’affirmer, l’ultrapériphérie européenne s’est, pour la première fois de son existence, penchée sur la thématique des flux migratoires. L’intérêt de cette situation sans précédent s’est confirmé lorsque la Commission européenne a officiellement décidé à travers sa communication du 12 septembre 2007 [COM(2007)507] intitulée « Stratégie pour les régions ultrapériphériques : bilan et perspectives », de prêter attention à la situation des régions ultrapériphériques (RUP) face au phénomène d’immigration. Si la plupart des travaux en la matière concernent les espaces nationaux ou transnationaux, rares sont ceux qui traitent d’un espace transrégional aussi éclaté géographiquement et dans sa composition juridico-institutionnelle.L’objet de la thèse porte ainsi sur la problématisation migratoire dans l’ultrapériphérie et l’étude de la fenêtre d’opportunité déclenchée par la communication de 2007. Ce qu’il s’agit d’observer, ce sont les conséquences de cette inscription à l’agenda européen pour l’espace ultrapériphérique sur cette thématique, à savoir la forme d’un processus d’élaboration d’un référentiel européen ultrapériphérique. Pour cela, il est nécessaire de comprendre les paramètres nationaux, régionaux, européens et ultrapériphériques qui englobent cet évènement.Cette étude de politiques publiques prend pour point de départ la notion d’européanisation définie de façon interactionnelle, et débouche sur un cadre théorique basé sur la Théorie du choix rationnel et l’Approche cognitive et normative. A l’aide de la méthode comparative, elle tente de confronter deux régions ultrapériphériques sélectionnées à cet effet : une région française, la Guadeloupe, et une région espagnole, les Iles Canaries. Deux archipels aux réalités juridiques, politiques et sociales différentes, ayant manifesté une inquiétude au sujet du phénomène d’immigration sur leur territoire dans la période précédant la prise en charge de 2007.L’analyse a mis en avant l’enchevêtrement de niveaux d’action publique assez complexe auquel sont confrontées ces régions. La diversité au sein de l’ultrapériphérie complique l’élaboration de bases communes au sujet de la question migratoire. Un processus d’européanisation directe dans l’ultrapériphérie a bien été lancé en 2007, mais reste à développer.L’objectif de la thèse est donc d’apporter des réponses aux difficultés observées, en menant une analyse assez précise de l’évènement de 2007. La démarche s’effectue en deux temps. D’une part, une analyse des paramètres internes (nationaux et régionaux) pouvant conditionner le processus étudié. D’autre part, un décryptage des racines conceptuelles et des premières observations de terrain pour comprendre la teneur du processus.
TraductionDésactiver la traduction instantanéeMigration into the outermost regions of the European Union is an angle unusual approach in European studies. Space for reflection and dialogue that constantly seeks to assert, Outermost Europe has for the first time in its existence, addressed the theme of migration. The advantage of this unprecedented situation is confirmed when the European Commission formally decided through its communication of 12 September 2007 [COM (2007) 507] entitled "Strategy for the outermost regions: achievements and perspectives", pay attention the situation of the outermost regions (OR) face to the immigration phenomenon. If most of the work on the subject relate to national or transnational, few areas are those that deal with cross-regional space also broke geographically and in its legal and institutionnelle.L'objet composition of the thesis and deals with migration in problematisation outermost regions and the study of the window of opportunity triggered by the communication of 2007. what is observed, it is the consequences of this inscription on the European agenda for the outermost space on this theme , namely as a process of developing a European outermost repository. For this it is necessary to understand the national parameters, regional, European and outermost encompassing évènement.Cette this policy study takes as its starting point the notion of Europeanization set of interactional way, and results in a theoretical framework based on Theory of rational choice and cognitive and normative approach. Using the comparative method, she tries to confront two outermost regions selected for this purpose: a French region, Guadeloupe, and one in Spain, the Canary Islands. Two archipelagos legal realities, different political and social, have expressed a concern about the phenomenon of immigration on their territory in the period preceding the care 2007.L'analyse highlighted the tangle of levels rather complex prosecution faced by these regions. The diversity of the outermost regions complicates the common foundations for development on the migration issue. A direct Europeanization process in the outermost regions has been launched in 2007, but remains développer.L'objectif of the thesis is to provide answers to the difficulties observed, leading a fairly accurate analysis of the event 2007. The process is carried out in two stages. On the one hand, an analysis of internal parameters (national and regional) that can condition the studied process. On the other hand, a decryption conceptual roots and the first field observations to understand the content of the process

http://www.theses.fr/2015AGUY0826/document

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
The seasonal patterns of conceptions and births differ between geographic areas. Several potential determinants of this variation have been identified, including biological, environmental and behavioral elements, but festive events are rarely mentioned. We investigated the possible association between the carnival and seasonal fertility variations in the French West Indies. We ran a retrospective registry-based study. The data were extracted from the registry of all births on Guadeloupe between 2000 and 2011 (n = 74,412), and from the Maternity Birth Register of the University Hospital, for all pregnancies of at least 14 completed weeks of gestation (observable conceptions) with an outcome recorded between 2007 and 2010 (n = 8,425). We compared data during and outside the carnival period for each year, including 2009, when there was no carnival due to a 44-day general strike. In all years other than 2009, the weekly number of births was higher for pregnancies initiated during the carnival period than for pregnancies initiated at other times, and the weekly number of observable conceptions was higher during the carnival period than at other times. Our findings support the hypothesis that carnivals in the French West Indies are associated with an increase in the number of conceptions and subsequent births.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-01485778
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01485778
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0173102
PUBMED : 28253323

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : En développant, à partir de 1984, un Centre touristique Intégralement Planifié dans une localité de la côte Pacifique de l’état d’Oaxaca, l’État mexicain entendait impulser un développement économique dans une région périphérique et pauvre du pays. Basé sur l’expropriation d’une portion du territoire communal, le processus engendre un certain nombre de résistances au sein des communautés locales. Le centre touristique est aujourd’hui un espace fragmenté, reflet et conséquence des inégalités sociales et des conflits sociaux. Depuis une perspective de géographie sociale, cet article cherche à mettre en lumière les conflits et compromis sociaux qui traversent la société locale. L’appropriation de l’espace, les luttes de pouvoir et les stratégies développées par les différents acteurs seront les entrées privilégiées pour interroger un modèle de planification, « par le haut », ignorant trop souvent les réalités sociales à l’échelle locale.
Since 1984, the Mexican government has tried to stimulate the economy in a poor and peripheral area of the country. They aimed to do so by developing an Integrally Planed Resort (CIP, in Spanish) in a community, located in the Oaxaca state on the Pacific coast. Being based on the expropriation of some parts of the communal territory, this process created some remittances among the local communities. Today, this resort is still a fragmented space and reflects social inequalities and social conflicts. From a social geographical perspective, this article aims to show the social conflicts and social compromises among the local society. Space appropriation, power battles and strategies developed by the different actors, will be the main tools to investigate this planning model. In this model, the government too often has ignored social realities on the local scale.
Al crear, a partir de 1984, un Centro turístico Integralmente Planeado en un poblado de la costa del estado de Oaxaca, el gobierno mexicano pretendió impulsar el desarrollo económico de una región periférica y marginada del país. Basado en la expropiación de una parte del territorio municipal, dicho proceso genera resistencias entre las comunidades locales. Hoy en día, el centro turístico es un espacio fragmentado, reflejo y consecuencia de las desigualdades sociales y conflictos. Desde una perspectiva de geografía social, el presente artículo buscará destacar los conflictos y compromisos sociales que atraviesan la sociedad local. La apropiación del espacio, las luchas de poder y las estrategias desarrolladas por los diferentes actores serán los enfoques privilegiados para cuestionar un modelo de planeación “vertical”, que suele ignorar las realidades sociales a nivel local.
Mexique

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.4069
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/4069

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Herbicides are generally the most extensively used of the pesticides applied to agricultural crops. However, the literature contains little evidence useful in assessing the potential sources of the general population's exposure to herbicides, including by residential proximity to crops.The objective of this study was to take advantage of data from the PELAGIE mother–child cohort to identify the main determinants of the body burden of exposure to the chloroacetanilide and triazine herbicides commonly used on corn crops in Brittany, France, before 2006. Urine samples from a randomly selected subcohort of women in the first trimester of pregnancy (n=579) were assayed for herbicide metabolites. The residential exposure resulting from proximity to corn crops was assessed with satellite-image-based scores combined with meteorological data. Data on diet, drinking tap water (from the public water supply), occupations, and household herbicide use were collected by questionnaires.Herbicides were quantified in 5.3% to 39.7% of urine samples. Alachlor and acetochlor were found most frequently in the urine of women living in rural areas. The presence of dealkylated triazine metabolites in urine samples was positively associated with residential proximity to corn crops (OR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.05–1.80). Urinary metabolites of both atrazine and dealkylated triazine were correlated with tap water consumption (OR=2.94, 1.09–7.90, and OR=1.82, 1.10–3.03, respectively); hydroxylated triazine metabolites were correlated with fish intake (OR=1.48, 1.09–1.99).This study reinforces previous results that suggest that environmental contamination resulting from agricultural activities may contribute to the general population's exposure to herbicides.
ISSN: 0160-4120

hal-01107546
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01107546
DOI : 10.1016/j.envint.2013.10.010
PUBMED : 24246238

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The parasitic life cycle of Leishmania includes an extracellular promastigote stage that occurs in the gut of the insect vector. During that period, the sucrose metabolism and more specifically the first glycosidase of this pathway are essential for growth and survival of the parasite. We investigated the expression of the invertase BfrA in the promastigote and amastigote stages of three parasite species representative of the three various clinical forms and of various geographical areas, namely Leishmania major, L. donovani and L. braziliensis. Thereafter, we cloned, overexpressed and biochemically characterized this invertase BfrA from L. major, heterologously expressed in both Escherichia coli and L. tarentolae. For all species, expression levels of BfrA mRNA were correlated to the time of the culture and the parasitic stage (promastigotes > amastigotes). BfrA exhibited no activity when expressed as a glycoprotein in L. tarentolae but proved to be an invertase when not glycosylated, yet owing low sequence homology with other invertases from the same family. Our data suggest that BfrA is an original invertase that is located inside the parasite. It is expressed in both parasitic stages, though to a higher extent in promastigotes. This work provides new insight into the parasite sucrose metabolism
ISSN: 0008-6215

hal-01187142
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01187142
DOI : 10.1016/j.carres.2015.07.001
PUBMED : 26279524

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : The "Summer Syndrome", a septicemic vibriosis caused by Vibrio nigripulchritudo, is responsible for one of the two main seasonal mortalities which affect shrimp aquaculture in New Caledonia. It was identified for the first time in December 1997 in an intensive shrimp farm (called farm DF) and has been enzootic ever since. The "Summer syndrome" affects shrimp during warm-season growout. Although the geographic area concerned is limited, it is a potential threat for the industry in that the disease could spread. Analysis of grow out data from 1991 to 2002 in this farm was carried out in order to characterize the disease and the environmental conditions in relation to mortality. Results of farm DF were compared to data from farms not affected by the disease (called farms HC). The "Summer syndrome" occurs during the warm season which is characterized by an increase in water temperature and sunny duration. This disease is characterized by simultaneously highest densities and weakest drying duration between crops in the farms studied. Between 1991 and 2002, the increase of feed input and nitrogen rate in feed has led to a significant increase of the growth rate over the years in farm DF. At the same time, water management has not changed and has induced an increase in environmental waste production. In consequence, an early eutrophication of water is observed, which is concomitant with the beginning of the mortality outbreaks. This could play a role by inducing directly or indirectly a stress for shrimp and/or a growth and/or virulence factors of the pathogen.
Aquaculture (0044-8486) (Elsevier), 2006-08 , Vol. 261 , N. 3 , P. 1039-1047

Droits : 2006 Elsevier
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-1868.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.08.036
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1868/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
A geographic information system (GIS) was developed in Martinique, to perform soil zoning for the revival of the production of Coffea arabica var. typica.Pioneer in the cultivation of coffee in the Caribbean since 1720, today Martinique plays no role in the coffee industry. In addition, due to its rarity on the island, the edapho-climatic requirements of Coffea arabica had to be defined based on the world literature. The digital data (isohyets, isotherm, geomorphology) was obtained from Martinique’s institutions with expertise in the production of environmental data (IRD, IGN, Météo- France, DEAL Martinique, CTM)1. These data have been processed with a SIG software: QGIS version 2.8.1. During the investigations, the rainfall represented a factor limiting any possibility of production of Coffea arabica var. typica in the future. By removing the pluviometry from the set of parameters, we can visualize the areas that might be acceptable to this culture. With the forecast of the National Meteorological services for the 2071-2100 period under the new climate requirements, we carried out an agroclimatic zoning which also showed us the impossibility of producing this coffee in the future.
ISSN: 2277-8322

hal-01376447
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01376447

Éditeur(s) : Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd
Résumé : Scientific fisheries surveys routinely identify a large diversity of commercial and non-commercial benthic megainvertebrates that could provide useful information for Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) descriptors. Species is obviously the basic taxonomic level to which most ecological studies and theories refer. Identification at this level of organization is indeed always preferred over any other taxonomic level. Nevertheless, aggregation of species to higher taxonomic levels may be unavoidable sometimes, since errors of identification are known or suspected to occur in many surveys. Using analyses of taxonomic sufficiency (identification of organisms at various taxonomic resolutions) and groups of morphospecies (taxa identified easily by non-experts on the basis of evident morphological traits), this study aims to quantify the loss of ecological information incurred by partial identification of benthic megafauna in bottom trawl surveys in order to put such data to good use. The analyses were conducted on five scientific surveys representing a large range of geographical areas (from 150 km2 to 150 000 km2) and environmental conditions. Results show that genus, family and, particularly, morphospecies are good surrogates for species identification in community analyses. We suggest that bottom trawl surveys can provide reliable megafauna data that may usefully complete those obtained by grab surveys. The use of morphospecies could lead to new strategies, combining different datasets to provide indicators for MSFD descriptors (e.g. D6).
Continental Shelf Research (0278-4343) (Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd), 2014-01 , Vol. 72 , P. 1-9

Droits : 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00162/27309/25538.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.csr.2013.10.015
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00162/27309/