Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Royal Society, The
Résumé : International audience
Infectious marine diseases can decimate populations and are increasing among some taxa due to global change and our increasing reliance on marine environments. Marine diseases become emergencies when significant ecological, economic or social impacts occur. We can prepare for and manage these emergencies through improved surveillance, and the development and iterative refinement of approaches to mitigate disease and its impacts. Improving surveillance requires fast, accurate diagnoses, forecasting disease risk and real-time monitoring of disease-promoting environmental conditions. Diversifying impact mitigation involves increasing host resilience to disease, reducing pathogen abundance and managing environmental factors that facilitate disease. Disease surveillance and mitigation can be adaptive if informed by research advances and catalysed by communication among observers, researchers and decision-makers using information-sharing platforms. Recent increases in the awareness of the threats posed by marine diseases may lead to policy frameworks that facilitate the responses and management that marine disease emergencies require.
ISSN: 0962-8436

hal-01282464
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01282464
DOI : 10.1098/rstb.2015.0364

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The published literature related to distributed parameter systems theory is quite large, and it is not feasible in a single book to give a detailed review on the wide historical development of all of it. Our choice of what to cover was motivated by the following consideration. Since distributed parameter systems evolve in time and space, the research investigations on their analysis and control focus on considering the whole system domain for any study. We feel strongly that within this research field, animportant consideration was missing; that of considering that the system may give raise to prescribed subdomains (regions) where one has to achieve an objective. This is the case of so many applications ranging from engineering to life sciences. For that reason, covering classical prerequisite in analysis and control areas, we have devoted the book to the extension of the classical distributed parameter results to regional ones.Students of mathematics do not come into contacts with distributed parameter systems during their classes. They are introduced to them when they start research and often they are influenced by the knowledge and the advice of experimented scientists. This was our case at the very beginning of these research investigations in the mid 70’s. We would liketo express our special thanks to many of them and mainly late Professor Anthony J. Pritchard (University of Warwick, GB) and late Professor J.L. Lions (College de France) who were so encouraging in front of our determination in driving an academic carrier. We also express our thanks to our co-workers and research students. We wish to acknowledge the feedback from all those who took courses based on various parts of this book.This book may be used by graduate students in mathematics, engineering, physics, and even by students from other fields such as life or environmental sciences. This book may also be used as an information source for researchers and education professionals. We assume that the readers already know the basic concepts of analysis and control of distributedparameter systems.
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01297188

ISBN : 978-2-35412-140-2
hal-01297188
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01297188

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Genetics and molecular biology have been instrumental for a better understanding of heritable defects causing human infertility over the past decades. More recently, the field of reproductive biology has harnessed genome biological approaches to gain insight into molecular processes underlying normal and pathological gametogenesis and gamete function. We are currently witnessing yet another quantum leap in our ability to monitor the flow of information from the genome via the transcriptome to the proteome: tiling arrays that cover both strands of a given target genome and RNA-Seq, a method based on ultra-high throughput DNA sequencing, enable us to study noncoding and protein-coding transcripts with unprecedented precision and depth at a reasonable cost. These technologies have spawned a thriving discipline within the bioinformatics field that employs information technology for managing and interpreting biological high-throughput data. This review outlines database projects and online analysis tools useful for life scientists in general and discusses in detail selected projects that have specifically been developed for researchers and clinicians in the field of reproductive biology. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Molecular Genetics of Human Reproductive Failure.
ISSN: 0006-3002

hal-00877444
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00877444
DOI : 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.05.018
PUBMED : 22687534

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
More and more animal species are endangered every day on earth. In order to study their adaptation to world and climate change and their chances of survival, numerous initiatives have been taken that mostly need human intrusion into animal communities. Today mobile devices enable researchers to go beyond this limit. In this paper, we propose an original solution that consists on a new framework for detecting individual songs in a bird population and identifying remotely by this way their collective behavior in movements without human interaction. Movement patterns are elicited by analyzing data collected via wireless sensors fitted with microphone. Whereas similar methods use mobile devices fitted on some specimens, we rather propose fixed sensors. We demonstrate that this solution provides a good answer to technical constraints assessed by the context and we discuss results of experimental simulations that allow to define optimized parameters for the architecture to be set up on the ground. Experimental results are provided and show the relative impact of different parameters such as the number of sensors or the population size on the detection rate.
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Advances in Mobile Computing and Multimedia (MOMM 2010)

hal-00601641
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00601641

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : A variety of researchers have carried out job satisfaction studies in fisheries during the last decades. Results have shown the significant role of self-actualization in the determination of job satisfaction which backs the reasoning that fishing is more than just a livelihood. This paper is based in a job satisfaction study carried out in three lobster fisheries in the Caribbean. Lobster fishing (Panulirus argus) is an important economic activity throughout the Caribbean Basin, both as a source of income and employment for the local population as well as foreign exchange for national governments. These countries differ significantly in structure of the fishery as well as governance arrangements. In this paper we wish to address the relation between these structural differences and fishers’ job satisfaction across the three countries. Results indicate fishers’ job satisfaction is significantly higher in small-scale fisheries.
De nombreuses recherches ont été réalisées ces dernières années sur le contentement au travail. Les résultats ont montré que l’activité de pêche n’est pas simplement un moyen de gagner de l’argent mais qu’elle résulte bien plus d’un choix délibéré. L’article expose les résultats d’enquêtes menées auprès de pêcheurs de langouste en République dominicaine, au Nicaragua et en Jamaïque. Globalement la satisfaction que les pêcheurs ont de leur travail est bien plus importante pour les pêcheries artisanales que pour les pêcheries plus fortement dotées en capital.
République dominicaine
Nicaragua
Jamaïque
Caraïbes

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.4379
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/4379

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
Résumé : This contribution is a compilation of electron microprobe analyses of primary minerals in mafic and ultramafic oceanic crustal rocks from Atlantis Massif. The samples were recovered during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 304/305, which was designed to investigate the formation and evolution of oceanic core complexes. The analyses were performed at five different institutions, and while common standard reference materials were not utilized at all institutions, internal standards and routine operational protocols were undertaken to assure analysis quality. More than 5000 analyses of plagioclase, pyroxene, olivine, and spinel are compiled here as a collaborative effort to provide mineral analyses to the expedition shipboard science party and other interested researchers.
ISSN: 1930-1014

hal-00464225
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00464225
DOI : 10.2204/iodp.proc.304305.202.2009

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : 1 p.
For groundwater issues (potential leakages in waste repository, aquifer management ...), the development of modeling techniques is far ahead of the actual knowledge of aquifers. This raises two fundamental issues: 1) which and how much data are necessary to make predictions accurate enough for aquifer management issues; 2) which models remain relevant to describe the heterogeneity and complexity of geological systems. The French observatory H+ was created in 2002 with the twofold motivation of acquiring a large database for validating models of heterogeneous aquifers, and of surveying groundwater quality evolution in the context of environmental changes. H+ is a network of 4 sites (Ploemeur, Brittany, France; HES Poitiers, France; Cadarache, France; Campos, Mallorca, Spain) with different geological, climatic, and economic contexts. All of them are characterized by a highly heterogeneous structure (fractured crystalline basement for Ploemeur, karstified and fractured limestone for Poitiers, Cadarache and Mallorca), which is far to be taken into account by basic models. Ploemeur is exploited as a tap-water plant for a medium-size coastal city (15,000 inhabitants) for 20 years. Each site is developed for long term investigation and monitoring. They involves a dense network of boreholes, detailed geological and geophysical surveys, periodic campaigns and/or permanent measurements of groundwater flow, water chemistry, geophysical signals (including ground motions), climatic parameter, etc. Several large-scale flow experiments are scheduled per year to investigate the aquifer structure with combined geophysical, hydrogeological, and geochemical instruments. All this information is recorded in a database that has been developed to improve the sustainability and quality of data, and to be used as a collaborative tool for both site researchers and modelers. This project lasts now for 5 years. It is a short time to collect the amount of information necessary to apprehend the complexity of aquifers; but it is already enough to obtain a few important scientific results about the very nature of the flow heterogeneity, the origin and residence time of water elements, the kinetic of geochemical processes, etc. We have also developed new methods to investigate aquifers (in-situ flow measurements, flow experiment designs, groundwater dating, versatile in-situ probes, etc.). This experience aiming at building up long term knowledge appears extremely useful to address critical issues related to groundwater aquifers: the structure and occurrence of productive aquifer in crystalline basement, the assessment of aquifer protection area in the context of highly heterogeneous flow, the biochemical reactivity processes, the long term evolution of both water quantity and quality in the context of significant environmental changes, for instance.
AGU, Fall Meeting 2008
San Francisco, United States

insu-00375980
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00375980

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Les États-Unis, en tant que puissance coloniale et avec le soutien du Parti populaire démocratique (PPD) dirigé par Luis Muñoz Marín, ont utilisé les sciences sociales pour présenter Porto Rico comme le cadre idéal pour penser les politiques publiques de la modernité et de l’industrialisation. L’Université de Porto Rico et le Centro de Investigaciones Sociales (CIS) deviendront entre 1940-1960 des vitrines pour la production et la légitimation de la science sociale étatsunienne. À partir de témoignages recueillis auprès de trois chercheurs clés de l’époque, cet article se propose de restituer les tensions de la pratique des sciences sociales, en période coloniale.
The United States, as a colonial power and with the support of the Popular Democratic Party (PPD) led by Luis Muñoz Marín, used the social sciences to present Puerto Rico as the perfect setting for thinking modernity and industrialization through public policy. Between 1940-1960 the University of Puerto Rico and the Centro de Investigaciones Sociales (CIS) will become showcases for the production and legitimation of United States social science. From testimonies gathered of three key researchers of the time, this article proposes to restore the tensions of practicing social science in Puerto Rico within the colonial period.
Caraïbes
Porto Rico
États-Unis

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.8785
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/8785

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The tropical rainforest of Amazonia is one of the most species-rich ecosystems on earth, with an estimated 16000 tree species. Due to this high diversity, botanical identification of trees in the Amazon is difficult, even to genus, often requiring the assistance of parataxonomists or taxonomic specialists. Advances in informatics tools offer a promising opportunity to develop user-friendly electronic keys to improve Amazonian tree identification.Here, we introduce an original multi-access electronic key for the identification of 389 tree genera occurring in French Guiana terra-firme forests, based on a set of 79 morphological characters related to vegetative, floral and fruit characters. Its purpose is to help Amazonian tree identification and to support the dissemination of botanical knowledge to non-specialists, including forest workers, students and researchers from other scientific disciplines.The electronic key is accessible with the free access software Xper², and the database is publicly available on figshare: https://figshare.com/s/75d890b7d707e0ffc9bf
ISSN: 1314-2011

hal-01392306
https://hal-sde.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01392306
DOI : 10.3897/phytokeys.68.8707

Résumé : Les objectifs de développement de systèmes de culture durables imposent aux acteurs du développement rural une reconception de ces systèmes. Les méthodes de conception actuelles conduisent souvent les chercheurs à être seuls concepteurs alors que parallèlement l'appropriation des innovations dépend fortement de l'implication des autres acteurs. En réponse, des approches participatives sont de plus en plus fréquentes pour pallier à cette difficulté d'appropriation. La méthode développée dans cette thèse -nommée DISCS pour 're-Design and assessment of Innovative Sustainable Cropping Systems' - met en oeuvre un processus de reconception des systèmes de culture par une approche participative tout en développant des outils d'évaluation multicritère. La méthode DISCS s'inscrit dans la lignée de la méthodologie du prototypage mais se différencie par une démarche itérative à trois échelles d'étude (parcelle, exploitation et territoire) afin de s'assurer que les innovations répondent bien aux attentes des acteurs. A chaque étape du processus une évaluation est réalisée à l'aide d'un jeu d'indicateurs. DISCS a été testée sur le système de culture agrumicole en Guadeloupe dans un but de réduire l'utilisation des pesticides. Cinq prototypes de gestion de l'enherbement ont été conçus collectivement puis testés selon les principes d'une approche systémique. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons les premières étapes de reconception du système agrumicole guadeloupéen basée sur la méthode DISCS. Notre travail nous permet de recommander des techniques de gestion de l'enherbement en jeunes vergers d'agrumes répondant aux contraintes actuelles de développement de systèmes de culture durable.
Re-designing sustainable cropping systems has become a major challenge for agricultural researchers and farmers. In most designing methods, researchers are the main, or sometimes the only designers. However, more and more attempts for involving different kinds of stakeholders in participatory approaches have been accounted for. The new method described in this thesis (DISCS for 're-Design and assessment of Innovative Sustainable Cropping Systems') implements a participatory re-designing process. Though founded on the common structure of prototyping methods, this five-step-method differs first by implementing three progress loops, at experimental field, farm then regional scale. Besides, an ongoing progress dynamic is set between research at the experimental station and crop management in farms, in order to ensure that innovative techniques actually match the farmers' expectations. Assessment at each step is performed using a scale-specific set of indicators. The DISCS method was tested on citrus production in Guadeloupe, to develop lower-pesticide sustainable cropping systems. Five weed management prototypes were collectively designed then tested at an experimental station based on the principles of a systematic approach. In this thesis, we present the first stages of citrus cropping system redesigning based on DISCS method. Our work enables us to recommend sustainable weed management techniques for young orchards that correspond to the current constraints facing orchards in Guadeloupe

http://www.theses.fr/2011AGUY0449/document

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : LPSC14037
Scientific data collected with modern sensors or dedicated detectors exceed very often the perimeter of the initial scientific design. These data are obtained more and more frequently with large material and human efforts. A large class of scientific experiments are in fact unique because of their large scale, with very small chances to be repeated and to superseded by new experiments in the same domain: for instance high energy physics and astrophysics experiments involve multi-annual developments and a simple duplication of efforts in order to reproduce old data is simply not affordable. Other scientific experiments are in fact unique by nature: earth science, medical sciences etc. since the collected data is "time-stamped" and thereby non-reproducible by new experiments or observations. In addition, scientific data collection increased dramatically in the recent years, participating to the so-called "data deluge" and inviting for common reflection in the context of "big data" investigations. The new knowledge obtained using these data should be preserved long term such that the access and the re-use are made possible and lead to an enhancement of the initial investment. Data observatories, based on open access policies and coupled with multi-disciplinary techniques for indexing and mining may lead to truly new paradigms in science. It is therefore of outmost importance to pursue a coherent and vigorous approach to preserve the scientific data at long term. The preservation remains nevertheless a challenge due to the complexity of the data structure, the fragility of the custom-made software environments as well as the lack of rigorous approaches in workflows and algorithms. To address this challenge, the PREDON project has been initiated in France in 2012 within the MASTODONS program: a Big Data scientific challenge, initiated and supported by the Interdisciplinary Mission of the National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS). PREDON is a study group formed by researchers from different disciplines and institutes. Several meetings and workshops lead to a rich exchange in ideas, paradigms and methods. The present document includes contributions of the participants to the PREDON Study Group, as well as invited papers, related to the scientific case, methodology and technology. This document should be read as a "facts finding" resource pointing to a concrete and significant scientific interest for long term research data preservation, as well as to cutting edge methods and technologies to achieve this goal. A sustained, coherent and long term action in the area of scientific data preservation would be highly beneficial.
http://hal.in2p3.fr/in2p3-00959072

in2p3-00959072
http://hal.in2p3.fr/in2p3-00959072
http://hal.in2p3.fr/in2p3-00959072/document
http://hal.in2p3.fr/in2p3-00959072/file/PREDON_Scientific_Data_Preservation_2014.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
TRAMIL is a research program applied to the use of medicinal plants in the Caribbean, established in the 1980s. Significant uses of herbal remedies to address self limiting health problems are identified through participatory ethnopharmacological surveys and are the subject of scientific validation. The results are then disseminated to several audiences.While comprising an international scientific contribution to academic research, the TRAMIL network activities value the popular and local knowledge. This fertile relationship between local knowledge and scientific research draws answers to key challenges for Caribbean societies: improving the health of Caribbean populations first and foremost, but also indirectly developing economic prospects in various sectors (agriculture, industry, tourism, and health).The success of TRAMIL is based on a rigorous methodology and on a noteworthy informal network of collaborators invested at different levels of the program, locally and / or regionally. TRAMIL is one of the few trilingual networks that have been active for nearly forty years, well before the popularization of the Internet, in more than twenty Caribbean territories. It involves people and communities, health care professionals, researchers in many disciplines, and information and documentation professionals.This paper proposes to explore these new ways of working together and the accomplishments to which they give rise by presenting some concrete examples of the TRAMIL program in Puerto Rico and examining the program's website and the complex challenges faced by the stakeholders involved in its implementation.
TRAMIL es un programa de investigación aplicada a la medicina popular del Caribe, iniciado en la década de los ‘80. Su trabajo se basa en llevar a cabo encuestas etnofarmacológicas participativas para identificar usos significativos de remedios de plantas, que son objeto de la validación científica, para tratar problemas comunes de salud. La difusión de los resultados de validación de los remedios con uso significativo completa las líneas de acción de TRAMIL. Al tiempo que representan una contribución científica internacional para la investigación académica, las actividades de TRAMIL constituyen la valoración de los saberes populares y locales. Esta relación fecunda entre el conocimiento local y la investigación científica es una respuesta a desafíos fundamentales para las sociedades del Caribe: mejorar la salud de las poblaciones del Caribe directa y en primer lugar, pero también, indirectamente, desarrollar oportunidades económicas en varios sectores (agricultura, la industria, el turismo y la salud).El éxito de TRAMIL se basa en una metodología rigurosa y una importante red informal de colaboradores que participan en diversas funciones del programa, a nivel de país y regional. TRAMIL es una de las pocas redes totalmente trilingües, activa durante casi cuarenta años, mucho antes de la popularización del Internet, en más de una veintena de territorio caribeños. Asocia especialmente a comunidades, profesionales de la salud, investigadores en muchas disciplinas, y profesionales de la información y documentación.Este trabajo tiene como objetivos explorar las modalidades de cooperación y logros sin precedentes de TRAMIL, presentando algunos ejemplos concretos del programa en Puerto Rico y examinar el sitio Web del programa y la complejidad de los desafíos que han enfrentado los actores involucrados en su implementación.
TRAMIL est un programme de recherche appliquée à l’usage des plantes médicinales dans la Caraïbe, né dans les années 1980. Les usages significatifs des plantes pour répondre à des problèmes de santé sont recensés par des enquêtes ethnopharmacologiques participatives puis font l’objet de travaux scientifiques destinés à les valider. Les résultats sont ensuite diffusés auprès de larges publics.Tout en constituant un apport scientifique international à la recherche universitaire, les activités du réseau TRAMIL s’inscrivent dans la valorisation des savoirs locaux. Cette relation fertile entre savoirs locaux et recherche scientifique dessine des réponses à des défis essentiels pour les sociétés caribéennes : l’amélioration de la santé des populations caribéennes de façon directe et en premier lieu, mais également, de façon indirecte, le développement de perspectives économiques dans des secteurs divers (agriculture, industrie, tourisme, santé).Le succès de TRAMIL repose sur une méthodologie rigoureuse et sur un important réseau informel d’acteurs investis à différents niveaux du programme, sur le plan local et/ou pancaribéen. C’est l’un des rares réseaux entièrement trilingue, actifs depuis près de quarante ans (bien avant la popularisation d’internet), dans plus d’une vingtaine de territoire de la Caraïbe. Il associe notamment les populations, les professionnels de santé, les chercheurs dans de nombreuses disciplines, et les professionnels de l’information et de la documentation.La présente contribution propose d’explorer ces modalités de collaboration inédites et les réalisations auxquelles elles donnent lieu, en présentant quelques exemples concrets du programme TRAMIL à Porto Rico, puis en examinant le site internet du programme et les défis complexes auxquels il a confronté les acteurs impliqués dans sa réalisation.
ACURIL 2017
San Juan, Puerto Rico

hal-01629021
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01629021

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The tropical rainforest of Amazonia is one of the most species-rich ecosystems on earth, with an estimated 16000 tree species. Due to this high diversity, botanical identification of trees in the Amazon is difficult, even to genus, often requiring the assistance of parataxonomists or taxonomic specialists. Advances in informatics tools offer a promising opportunity to develop user-friendly electronic keys to improve Amazonian tree identification.Here, we introduce an original multi-access electronic key for the identification of 389 tree genera occurring in French Guiana terra-firme forests, based on a set of 79 morphological characters related to vegetative, floral and fruit characters. Its purpose is to help Amazonian tree identification and to support the dissemination of botanical knowledge to non-specialists, including forest workers, students and researchers from other scientific disciplines.The electronic key is accessible with the free access software Xper², and the database is publicly available on figshare: https://figshare.com/s/75d890b7d707e0ffc9bf (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.2682550).
ISSN: 1314-2011

hal-01369143
https://hal-sde.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01369143
DOI : 10.3897/phytokeys.68.8707

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elseiver
Résumé : International audience
Social networks are used on a daily basis by millions of individuals who post millions of messages on several topics. The data recorded by these networks provide useful information in order to predict or detect events in the real world. Some diffused messages are misinformation or false rumours, and so, can be the cause of panic or stress situations. In order to avoid and anticipate these critical situations and understand the diffusion phenomenon in general, it is necessary to study and model the propagation of the information. In this sense, several varieties of models have been proposed and some researchers have attempted to identify parameters involved in the information diffusion. In this paper, we introduce well-known diffusion models that generally simplify drastically the process and we present also a survey of more advanced works whether recent or not studying factors that influence the information diffusion. Finally, we give essential perspectives of research toward a more realistic coverage of information diffusion phenomena.
International Conference on Ambient Systems, Networks and Technologies( ANT)
Madeira, Portugal

hal-01586512
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01586512
DOI : 10.1016/j.procs.2017.05.404

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The published literature related to distributed parameter systems theoryis quite large, and it is not feasible in a single book to give a detailedreview on the wide historical development of all of it. Our choice of whatto cover was motivated by the following consideration. Since distributedparameter systems evolve in time and space, the research investigationson their analysis and control focus on considering the whole system domainfor any study. We feel strongly that within this research field, animportant consideration was missing; that of considering that the systemmay give raise to prescribed subdomains (regions) where one has toachieve an objective. This is the case of so many applications rangingfrom engineering to life sciences. For that reason, covering classical prerequisitein analysis and control areas, we have devoted the book to theextension of the classical distributed parameter results to regional ones.Students of mathematics do not come into contacts with distributedparameter systems during their classes. They are introduced to themwhen they start research and often they are influenced by the knowledgeand the advice of experimented scientists. This was our case at the verybeginning of these research investigations in the mid 70’s. We would liketo express our special thanks to many of them and mainly late ProfessorAnthony J. Pritchard (University of Warwick, GB) and late Professor J.L. Lions (College de France) who were so encouraging in front of our determinationin driving an academic carrier. We also express our thanksto our co-workers and research students. We wish to acknowledge thefeedback from all those who took courses based on various parts of thisbook.This book may be used by graduate students in mathematics, engineering,physics, and even by students from other fields such as life orenvironmental sciences. This book may also be used as an informationvi Avant-propossource for researchers and education professionals. We assume that thereaders already know the basic concepts of analysis and control of distributedparameter systems.
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01297261

ISBN : 978-2-35412-140-2
hal-01297261
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01297261

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Association des Géographes Français
Résumé : International audience
The international symposium on Urban Growth and Natural Hazards, in particular in Developing Countries was held in the Université Blaise-Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (France) on December 2 and 3, 1994. This meeting brought together about 70 researchers, Ph. D. students, and professionals from France and 12 other countries, representing universities, research agencies, as well as government and private companies. The symposium aimed to gather specialists who are engaged and acting in programmes on hazard appraisal, risk prevention and urban management in the city environment. These people compared experiences acquired in two different fields: on the one hand urban growth and its consequences, and on the other hand, natural hazards and their effects, in particular in developing countries.Three themes correspond to the three sessions of the symposium. (1) Natural hazards and environmental factors: inventory, diagnostic and classification, (2) Vulnerability of urban society and environment: concepts, approaches, and classification, (3) Tools for urban risk prevention and risk management in case of crisis and catastrophes.
ISSN: 0004-5322

hal-01165465
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01165465

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Recent studies have shown that accounting for intraspecific trait variation (ITV) may better address major questions in community ecology. However, a general picture of the relative extent of ITV compared to interspecific trait variation in plant communities is still missing. Here, weconducted a meta-analysis of the relative extent of ITV within and among plant communities worldwide, using a data set encompassing 629 communities (plots) and 36 functional traits. Overall, ITV accounted for 25% of the total trait variation within communities and 32% of the totaltrait variation among communities on average. The relative extent of ITV tended to be greater for whole-plant (e.g. plant height) vs. organ-level traits and for leaf chemical (e.g. leaf N and P concentration) vs. leaf morphological (e.g. leaf area and thickness) traits. The relative amount of ITV decreased with increasing species richness and spatial extent, but did not vary with plant growth form or climate. These results highlight global patterns in the relative importance of ITV in plant communities, providing practical guidelines for when researchers should include ITV in trait-based community and ecosystem studies.
Ecology Letters

hal-01237101
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01237101
DOI : 10.1111/ele.12508
PUBMED : 26415616

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Le territoire d’Aysen, au sud du Chili, officiellement dénommé « Région XI », possède le charme discret d’une Patagonie oubliée. Cette région mythique n’a cessé de hanter l’imaginaire fécond des découvreurs et voyageurs en tout genre. Aujourd’hui, ces derniers sont autant des pêcheurs à la mouche fortunés que des routards européens ou israéliens, et de plus en plus des Chiliens venus des classes moyennes et du nord du pays. La Patagonie est un formidable terrain de jeu, et plus encore un vaste espace d’utopie, hier comme aujourd’hui, pour nombre de voyageurs et rêveurs.Le « charme » est indéniable, il suffit de contempler la nature qui domine ici la culture, et la région n’est pas un paradis pour les photographes par hasard ; quant au caractère « discret », il est également évident, comme en témoignent de nombreux touristes en quête de leur propre expérience “into the wild” et qui s’émerveillent en foulant ces sentiers non battus de la Patagonie. Terre de jeu pour aventuriers, lieu de science pour les chercheurs, espace de refuge pour de riches expatriés, territoire d’expérimentation sinon de rite de passage pour quelques jeunes et sportifs, marcheurs, cyclistes ou flâneurs, la Patagonie chilienne est désormais surtout devenue un enjeu, économique et donc politique, essentiel pour le pays.Cet article, fruit d’un travail en cours, apporte quelques éléments pour tenter de comprendre comment se fabrique et s’établit, dans le temps et dans l’espace, « une destination non touristique » qui, depuis ces dernières années, à la faveur des médias, mais pas seulement, a le vent en poupe. Avec ou sans le consentement des Patagons/Patagoniens ? C’est tout le véritable défi à venir.
The territory of Aysen in southern Chile, officially called "Region XI" has the discreet charm of a forgotten Patagonia. This legendary region has haunted the fertile imagination of explorers and travelers of all kinds. Today, they are so many rich fly fishermen that European or Israeli backpackers, and always more Chileans coming from the middle class and from the north of the country. Patagonia is a wonderful playground, and even more a vast space of utopia, then as now, for many travelers and dreamers.The "charm" is undeniable, simply contemplate the fabulous nature clearly dominating culture here, and the area is not a paradise for photographers by chance. As to the character "discrete", it is also clear, as evidenced by many tourists in search of their own experience "into the wild" and marvel treading the beaten path not of Patagonia. Playground for adventurers, place of science for researchers, refuge area for fortunate expatriates testing ground if not some rite of passage for young athletes, walkers, cyclists or loafers, Chilean Patagonia is now mostly become an issue, and therefore economic policy, rather essential for the country.This article, the first result of a work in progress, brings some elements to try to understand how to manufacture and settled in time and space, "a non-tourist destination", which, in recent years, the for the media but not only has the wind in its sails. With or without the consent of all the habitants of Patagonia? This is the real challenge ahead.
Chili

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.7402
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/7402

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Taylor & Francis (Routledge)
Résumé : International audience
Introduction: The aims of this literature review were to characterize the communications presented during six Association for Research on Intervention in Sport (ARIS) French-speaking congresses from 2000 to 2010 and to compare the research trends between French and English research traditions. The definition of pedagogy is close to the notion of intervention and attempts to study, in an interacting or isolated way, three key components – the educator (professor, coach, teacher's educator), the participants (students, children, adults) and the curriculum/knowledge in specific contexts. The theoretical framework is centred on the social construction of the scientific knowledge. Method: All the communications of the six ARIS congresses (n ¼ 836), reflecting the multiple facets of educational research were analysed. The quantitative treatment of the data, with the assistance of Sphinx software, consisted of univariate (frequencies, percentages) and bi-variate (chi-square statistic) analyses to identify possible significant relations between variables such as the congress, country and sex of author(s), institution, and so on. Findings: The results highlight the commonalties and differences between French and English research about intervention/pedagogy. We notice the continuing expansion of the field of intervention/pedagogy in the Francophone and the Anglophone worlds. But the low participation of the practitioners shows how intricate it is to move educational research closer to everyday practice. The results show that the contexts studied within ARIS are mainly school physical education and teacher's education, then coaching and other contexts. The majority of studies are centred on one component of pedagogy, but rarely on the interactions between the educators and the participants. The Francophone research is essentially descriptive and heuristic, using mostly qualitative methods (interviews and observations). This orientation of Francophone studies towards heuristic research seems to contrast with Anglophone research, even though qualitative research has recently come to dominate. Conclusion: The ARIS researchers have a common object of study (intervention/ pedagogy), share the same ideas and aims, learn how to do it better as they interact regularly and develop a shared repertoire of knowledge, theories and methods. We see here signs of an undeniable wealth of knowledge and the combination of different theories and methods leading to a better understanding of educational phenomena.
ISSN: 1740-8989

hal-01620916
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01620916
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01620916/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01620916/file/PESP%20MUSARD%26POGGI%20VA.pdf
DOI : 10.1080/17408989.2013.817008

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : En Haïti, l’accès difficile à des services spécialisés et la rareté des hôpitaux psychiatriques amènent l’aggravation des problèmes d’adaptation (IESM-OMS, 2011 ; Lecomte et Raphaël, 2010a; Nicolas et al.,). Certains services d’intervention tentent de répondre aux besoins complexes des enfants de la rue, comme par exemple le Centre d’accueil de Delmas 3. Au Québec, le modèle psychoéducatif guide les interventions spécialisées auprès de jeunes ayant des troubles de comportements. Le présent projet de recherche vise d’une part à évaluer si une approche collaborative favoriserait la pérennité d’un programme d’intervention en Haïti et d’autre part si le modèle psychoéducatif pourrait répondre aux besoins du milieu d’intervention du Centre d’accueil de Delmas. Pour favoriser la mobilisation des partenaires, le projet met de l’avant une méthode qualitative et collaborative (Hamel, Cousineau et Vézina, 2010). D’abord, une formation adaptée aux besoins du milieu a été présentée aux intervenants. Ensuite, l’équipe de recherche et les intervenants du centre d’accueil ont animé des activités psychoéducatives. Ce projet pilote a montré qu’une approche collaborative favorise la participation et le niveau de satisfaction de tous les acteurs impliqués. Cette expérience a également permis de constater que le modèle psychoéducatif pourrait être utilisé dans les centres d’accueil en Haïti. En effet, ce modèle permet d’adapter la réponse aux besoins des personnes selon les caractéristiques des milieux (Renou, 2005).
In Haiti, accessibility to specialized services and the lack of psychiatric hospitals exacerbates adaptation problems (Lecompte and Raphael 2010a; Nicolas et al, 2012; WHO-AIMS, 2011). The health professionals at the Centre d’accueil de Delmas 3 respond to the complex needs of young street children. In Quebec, several evidence-based intervention models have shaped our clinical practice for young children with behavior disorders. In fact, rehabilitation interventions are based on the psychoeducational model. The current research project had two goals: 1) Examine whether a collaborative approach would facilitate and ensure that the implementation of an intervention program would be ongoing and long-lasting in Haiti; 2) Explore whether the psychoeducational model could respond to the needs of a Haitian youth center. Qualitative methods were used to bring together partners in the research (Hamel, Cousineau and Vézina, 2010). First, educators followed a two days training developed to respond the specific needs. Second, interventions were implemented by researchers in collaboration with the stakeholders. This pilot project has shown that a collaborative approach encourages training and the level of participants' satisfaction. Futher, this experience showed that the psychoeducational model could very well fit the needs of a Haitian youth center. The psychoeducative model can yield responses adapted to the needs of people accounting for the characteristics of the environment (Renou, 2005).
Haïti

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.10295
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/10295