Éditeur(s) : University of West Indies, Trinidad &Tobago Université des Antilles. Service commun de la documentation
Extrait de : 52e congrès annuel de la Société caribéenne des plantes alimentaires / 52nd annual meeting of the Caribbean food crops society (CFCS), du 10 au 16 juillet 2016. INRA, CFCS
Description : Carbon dioxide (CO2) accounts for the largest proportion (74%) of total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions globally, with agricultural activities contributing approximately 25% of this gas. Opportunities to reduce the emissions in the sector can therefore contribute significantly to mitigating global climate change. Ag-lime is used extensively to alleviate problems of soil acidity and the potential for this material to contribute to C sequestration in soils is gaining interest among researchers. A laboratory experiment using C-13 isotopic labelling techniques was therefore established to answer the following questions: 1) Is there a potential for sequestering C using ag-lime in Trinidad acid soils? 2) Does enhancing soil microbial respiration by applying labile organic amendments enhance the C sequestration potential of ag-lime? 3) Are lime-derived C (LDC) estimates from non-isotopic difference technique comparable to that from the C- 13 isotopic labelling technique? The results ascertained for the study showed significant (P<0.05) differences between the LDC estimates from the two techniques with the non-isotopic techniques yielding higher estimates. Over the 32- day experiment, between 16.4 to 85.4% of the ag-lime C was released as CO2 with values being lower for the Piarco soil. The LDC in the CO2 was also significantly (P<0.05) lower for the poultry litter treatments comparison to the other organic amendments for the Piarco soil but not the Nariva soil. This effect may not have been as a result of an enhancement of the carbon sequestration potential of the ag-lime due to an elevation in soil microbial respiration since the LDC in the glucose-amended soils did not differ significantly from the no-amendment control soils.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V16308
V16308

Éditeur(s) : INRA : Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Université des Antilles. Service commun de la documentation
Extrait de : 52e congrès annuel de la Société caribéenne des plantes alimentaires / 52nd annual meeting of the Caribbean food crops society (CFCS), du 10 au 16 juillet 2016. INRA, CFCS
Description : In the new context of the agro-ecological transition, present agricultural systems will have to produce more and better in a more constraint world. Mixed crop livestock systems (MCLS) represent sound alternative ways to progressively achieve these goals through crop-livestock integration (CLI). CLI exploits the synergies between cropping and livestock systems through organic fertilization with manure or plant association, use of crop residues to feed livestock, .... It offers many opportunities to improve productivity, as well as to increase resource use efficiency and improve the resilience of the whole farming system. In the scientific literature, authors advocate the interest of MLCS and CLI, based on theoretical considerations, modelling and empirical evidence from local case studies. But these studies do not clearly identify the respective roles of diversity of activities and CLI management practices in improving performances at the level of the whole farming system. Our aim was thus to assess CLI at farm scale in a range of MCLS and to explain farm performances by analyzing the combination of activities and the level of integration. We conducted our analyses in Guadeloupe, (French West Indies), where MCLS and CLI are complex but important challenges for local agricultural. In order to analyze CLI in a holistic and systemic way, we applied a method traditionally used in ecology, ecological network analysis, to study the structure, functioning and performance of agrosystems. This method was implemented on a range of Guadeloupian MCLS where CLI practices where identified. Nitrogen was retained to conduct the analysis due to its central role for both animal and vegetal productions. The ENA method allows an estimation of productivity, resilience, efficiency, productivity and self- sufficiency of the flows network. Our results show that 1/ efficiency and resilience appear correlated to the complexity and intensity of the network of flows; 2/ efficiency and resiliency are positively correlated when we consider them in terms of N flows; 3/ in the Guadeloupian context, CLI concerns mainly specific practices, as feeding pigs with a wide range of crop residues and organic fertilization of small market gardens and plots used to grow tubers. But at whole system level, CLI remains rare and mainly depends on conventional management practices as mineral fertilization and animal complementation of some farming activities as sugar cane, cattle breeding and banana. Moreover, the combination of productions implemented determines the potential of CLI and related performances linked to relative N efficiency of each production. Consequently, performance and especially efficiency and self-sufficiency depend more on the nature of the activity than on CLI management practices. There is still a gap between theoretical studies and CLI in practice, even though CLI is more complicated than simple flows and provides other services and functions. Dans le nouveau contexte de la transition agro-écologique, les systèmes agricoles actuels devront produire plus et les améliorer dans plus de monde de contrainte. Les systèmes mélangés de bétail de culture (MCLS) représentent des manières alternatives saines d'atteindre progressivement ces buts par l'intégration de culture-bétail (CLI). Le CLI exploite les synergies entre l'emblavage et les systèmes de bétail par la fertilisation organique avec l'association d'engrais ou d'usine, utilisation des résidus de culture d'alimenter le bétail,?. Il donne beaucoup d'occasions d'améliorer la productivité, aussi bien que d'augmenter l'efficacité d'utilisation de ressource et d'améliorer la résilience du système d'exploitation agricole entier. Dans la littérature scientifique, les auteurs préconisent l'intérêt de MLCS et de CLI, basé sur des considérations théoriques, modeler et des preuves empiriques des études de cas locales. Mais ces études n'identifient pas clairement les rôles respectifs de la diversité des activités et des pratiques de gestion de CLI en améliorant des interprétations au niveau du système d'exploitation agricole entier. Notre but était ainsi d'évaluer le CLI à l'échelle de ferme dans une gamme de MCLS et d'expliquer des interprétations de ferme en analysant la combinaison des activités et du niveau de l'intégration. Nous avons réalisé nos analyses en Guadeloupe, (des Antilles françaises), où MCLS et le CLI sont des défis complexes mais importants pour agricole local. Afin d'analyser le CLI d'une manière holistique et systémique, nous avons appliqué une méthode traditionnellement employée en écologie, analyse réseau écologique, pour étudier la structure, le fonctionnement et l'interprétation des agrosystems. Cette méthode a été appliquée sur une chaîne de Guadeloupian MCLS où des pratiques en matière de CLI où identifiée. L'azote a été maintenu pour réaliser l'analyse due à son rôle central pour les productions animales et végétales. La méthode d'ENA permet une évaluation de la productivité, de la résilience, de l'efficacité, de la productivité et de l'autosuffisance du réseau d'écoulements. Nos résultats prouvent que 1 efficacités et résiliences semblent corrélées avec la complexité et l'intensité du réseau des écoulements ; 2 efficacité et élasticité sont franchement corrélés quand nous les considérons en termes d'écoulements de N ; 3 dans le contexte de Guadeloupian, CLI concerne principalement des pratiques spécifiques, en tant que les porcs de alimentation par un large éventail de résidus de culture et de fertilisation organique de petits jardins du marché et complots employés pour cultiver des tubercules. Mais à au niveau système entier, le CLI demeure rare et dépend principalement des pratiques de gestion conventionnelles en tant que complémentation minérale de fertilisation et d'animal de quelques activités agricoles comme canne à sucre, élevage et banane. D'ailleurs, la combinaison des productions mises en application détermine le potentiel du CLI et des interprétations relatives liés à l'efficacité relative de N de chaque production. En conséquence, l'interprétation et particulièrement l'efficacité et l'autosuffisance dépendent davantage de la nature de l'activité que sur des pratiques de gestion de CLI. Il y a toujours un espace entre les études et le CLI théoriques dans la pratique, quoique le CLI soit plus compliqué que des écoulements simples et fournisse d'autres services et fonctions.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V16247
V16247

Éditeur(s) : University Gallery, College of Fine Arts, University of Florida University Gallery, College of Fine Arts, University of Florida ( Gainesville )
Résumé : (Bibliography) Bibliography: p. 16-19.
(Statement of Responsibility) by John F. Scott.
"Exhibiting institutions The University Gallery ... The Brevard Art Center and Museum."
Presented by the University Gallery and Center for Latin American Studies.
Mexico
Mexico
Central America
Amérique centrale
Mexique
Mexique
Amérique centrale

187344282
0813008824
ocn187344282

Éditeur(s) : University Gallery, College of Architecture and Fine Arts, University of Florida University Gallery, College of Architecture and Fine Arts, University of Florida ( Gainesville )
Résumé : (Statement of Responsibility) by Elsbeth K. Gordon.
(Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references (p. 10).
"This collection is being shown and documented in conjunction with the special photographic exhibition: Machu Picchu of the Inca, photography by Roy C. Craven, Jr. ... These two exhibitions are being presented to mark the advent of the 25th Annual Latin American Conference."
Peru
Peru
Peru

Droits : Copyright Board of Trustees of the University of Florida
02072691
75624261
ocm02072691
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00002838/00001

Éditeur(s) : St. Thomas, V.I. : University of the Virgin Islands, Eastern Caribbean Center St. Thomas, V.I. : University of the Virgin Islands, Eastern Caribbean Center ( St. Thomas, V.I.: Eastern Caribbean Center )
Résumé : Contents: The Caribbean : diversity and typology of identities / Caribbean masculinity and educational failure Health and the mid-life and older woman / The Caribbean potential for ecotourism / La vilencia domestica como obstaculo para el desarrollo

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.
F1609.5 .M88 1996
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00020273/00001

Éditeur(s) : Université de la Réunion
Résumé : The green turtle (Chelonia mydas) is an emblematic species of marine life. However, nowadays it is subject to many threats (poaching, by-catch). Even if there is deep growing measures for its protection, the green turtle still is an endangered species and it is listed in Appendix I of Washington Convention (CITES). In order to elaborate efficient conservation and management plans, perfect knowledge of green turtle biology, but also of its population structure and their characteristics, are needed. In this thesis, we have assessed genetic structure of green turtle populations in the South-Western Indian Ocean by using genetic tools. In all, 1551 tissue samples have been collected from our study zone and from our control site French Polynesia (37 samples). All kinds if individuals were sampled (except males in reproductive phase) from 15 sampling sites including nesting, foraging, and immature development site. We used both control region of mitochondrial DNA and 6 microsatellite loci to better infer maternal and paternal lineages. We identified 29 haplotypes in the South-Western Indian Ocean. They are distributed in 3 independent and highly divergent clades, including one composed with haplotypes from Atlantic Ocean. For 7 of these haplotypes, it was the first time they were detected in the study zone. Fifteen haplotypes were previously undescribed, distributed in all the 3 clades. These new haplotypes seem to be specific to the South-Western Indian Ocean, which is then an original zone. Besides, we found a high allelic richness. These results show the South-western Indian Ocean is rich and very diversified. This region plays an important role in the global diversity of the species. The South-Western Indian Ocean is one of the two contact zones presently known between the two metapopulations of green turtles (Atlantic-Mediterranean and Indo-Pacific). This contact induces a genetic cline based on CM8 (Atlantic) and C3 (Indo-Pacific) haplotype frequencies. Analysis of the microsatellite differentiation between individuals provides evidence of genetic exchanges between the two metapopulations in the region. The South-Western Indian Ocean participates to green turtle global genetic mixing. Studying the influence of several intrinsic and extrinsic factors on population structuring provides useful information for management plan elaboration. We found no significant difference between genetic structures of foraging females and males, contrary to immature turtles which seem to be organised in 'regional pools'. This organisation could be due to both immature natal homing and influence of oceanic currents. High mitochondrial differentiation of nesting females and low global microsatellite differentiation of our samples indicate male-mediated gene flow among populations of the study zone. The genetic composition of a sampling site presents no significant variation along the year, even if we could notice some trends. Nevertheless, it can be significantly different from a year to an other one. This may result from alternation of distinct populations on the same site. We noticed different evolution in 10 or 20 years of the genetic composition depending on the sampling site. Geographic distance seems not to have significant influence on population structuring concerning microsatellite markers. Nesting females of Saziley Beach (Mayotte Island, Comoros Archipelago) present genetic divergence from females nesting in the two other sampled beaches of this island. The observed population structure shows no contradiction with the organisation of oceanic currents in the South-Western Indian Ocean. Comparing the results from the two genetic markers used, we identified 8 genetic differentiated clusters of turtles in the study zone and at least 6 distinct populations. These clusters constitute 8 potential management units (MUs) which could serve as basis in the elaboration of conservation and management plans.
La tortue verte (Chelonia mydas) constitue l'un des espèces emblématiques de la vie marine, pourtant de nombreuses menaces pèsent de nos jours encore sur sa survie (braconnage, captures accidentelles). Ainsi, malgré l'essor de mesures de protection menées à travers pour sa sauvegarde, la tortue verte constitue une espèce 'en danger d'extinction' et figure dans l'Annexe I de la Convention de Washington (CITES). Afin d'élaborer des plans de gestion et de conservation qui soient efficaces, il est important d'avoir une parfaite connaissance de la biologie de la tortue verte, mais aussi de la structure de ses populations et de leurs caractéristiques. C'est dans ce cadre que s'inscrit la présente étude. L'objectif de cette étude était d'acquérir des connaissances sur la structure des populations de tortues vertes dans le sud-ouest de l'océan Indien grâce à l'utilisation de l'outil génétique. Au total, 1551 échantillons de tissu ont été collectés dans la zone d'étude et dans notre site témoin la Polynésie française (37 échantillons). Toutes les catégories d'individus ont été échantillonnées (excepté les mâles en phase de reproduction) et les 15 sites d'échantillonnage comprennent à la fois des sites de ponte, d'alimentation et de développement pour les immatures. Deux types de marqueurs ont été utilisés : la région contrôle de l'ADN mitochondrial et 6 loci microsatellites, afin d'appréhender au mieux l'apport des lignées maternelles et paternelles. Nous avons pu mettre en évidence la présence dans le sud-ouest de l'océan Indien de 29 haplotypes distincts, appartenant à trois clades fortement divergents dont l'un constitué d'haplotypes originaires de l'océan Atlantique. Parmi ces haplotypes, 7 ont été détectés pour la première fois dans la zone d'étude, et 15 autres n'ont jamais été précédemment décrits chez cette espèce. Ils sont présents dans chacun des 3 clades d'haplotypes. Ces nouveaux haplotypes semblent spécifiques à la région, et en font une zone originale. On observe par ailleurs une grande richesse allélique dans les effectifs analysés. Ces résultats montrent que le sud-ouest de l'océan Indien est une zone riche et très diversifiée. Cette région joue un rôle important dans la diversité génétique globale de l'espèce. Le sud-ouest de l'océan Indien constitue l'une des deux seules zones connues à l'heure actuelle de contact entre les deux métapopulations de tortues vertes (Atlantique-Méditerranée et Indo-Pacifique). Ce contact a entraîné la formation d'un cline génétique portant principalement sur les fréquences relatives des haplotypes CM8 (Atlantique) et C3 (Indo-Pacifique). Les résultats obtenus lors de l'analyse microsatellite de la différenciation entre les individus originaires des deux métapopulations montrent que le sud-ouest de l'océan Indien constitue une zone d'échanges génétiques entre les deux métapopulations, participant au brasage génétique de l'espèce. L'étude de facteurs, intrinsèques et extrinsèques, pouvant influencer la structuration des populations apportent de nombreuses informations qui pourraient s'avérer utiles lors de l'élaboration de plans de gestion. La structure des femelles et des mâles en alimentation ne diffère pas, contrairement à celle des immatures qui semble s'organiser en 'pools régionaux' qui seraient le fruit de l'interaction d'un comportement de philopatrie et d'une influence des courants océaniques. La forte différenciation mitochondriale des femelles en ponte et la très faible différenciation microsatellite observée à l'échelle de la région, indiquent l'existence de flux de gènes via les mâles. La composition génétique d'un site ne varie pas de manière significative au cours de l'année. Par contre, elle peut varier d'une année à l'autre, signifiant l'alternance dans certains sites de ponte de plusieurs populations distinctes. L'évolution de la composition génétique d'un groupe, au cours de 10 ou 20 ans, diffère selon le site considéré. La distance ne semble pas influencer de manière significative la structuration des populations au niveau microsatellite. Les femelles en ponte sur la plage de Saziley (Mayotte) diffèrent génétiquement de celles pondant sur les deux autres plages de l'île. La structure observée des populations est en accord avec l'organisation des courants océanique dans la région. La confrontation des résultats obtenus à partir des deux marqueurs génétiques utilisés, permet la détermination de 8 ensembles génétiquement différenciés dans la zone d'étude et l'identification d'au moins 6 populations distinctes. Ces ensembles constituent autant d'unités de gestion (MUs) potentielles qui pourront servir de base à l'élaboration de plans de gestion et de conservation.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/these-3532.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/3532/

Éditeur(s) : Press of the New Era Printing Company Press of the New Era Printing Company
Résumé : (Funding) Digitized with funding from the Digital Library of the Caribbean grant awarded by TICFIA.
Haiti -- Caribbean
Haiti
West Indies

Droits : All rights to images are held by the respective holding institution. This image is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. For permission to reproduce images and/or for copyright information contact Special Collections & University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, FL 32816 phone (407) 823-2576, email: speccoll@mail.ucf.edu
F1909.B69

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
Lateral variations along the Himalayan arc are suggested by an increasing number of studies and carry important information about the orogen’s segmentation. Here we compile the hitherto most complete land gravity dataset in the region which enables the currently highest resolution plausible analysis. To study lateral variations in collisional structure we compute arc-parallel gravity anomalies (APaGA) by subtracting the average arc-perpendicular profile from our dataset; we compute likewise for topography (APaTA). We find no direct correlation between APaGA, APaTA and background seismicity, as suggested in oceanic subduction context. In the Himalayas APaTA mainly reflect relief and erosional effects, whereas APaGA reflect the deep structure of the orogen with clear lateral boundaries. Four segments are outlined and have disparate flexural geometry: NE India, Bhutan, Nepal & India until Dehradun, and NW India. The segment boundaries in the India plate are related to inherited structures, and the boundaries of the Shillong block are highlighted by seismic activity. We find that large earthquakes of the past millennium do not propagate across the segment boundaries defined by APaGA, therefore these seem to set limits for potential rupture of megathrust earthquakes.
ISSN: 2045-2322

hal-01420404
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01420404
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01420404/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01420404/file/hetenyi2016.pdf
DOI : 10.1038/srep33866

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Linnean Society of London
Résumé : International audience
Although migratory pelagic fishes generally exhibit little geographic differentiation across oceans, as expected from their life-history (broadcast spawning, pelagic larval life, swimming ability of adults) and the assumed homogeneity of the pelagic habitat, exceptions to the rule deserve scrutiny. One such exception is the narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson), where strong genetic heterogeneity at the regional scale has been previously reported. We investigated the genetic composition of S. commerson across the Indo-West Pacific range using control-region sequences (including previously published datasets), cytochrome-b gene partial sequences, and eight microsatellite loci, to further explore its phylogeographic structure. All haplotypes sampled from the Indo-Malay-Papua archipelago (IMPA) and the southwestern Pacific coalesced into a clade (Clade II) that was deeply separated (14.5% nucleotide divergence) from a clade grouping all haplotypes from the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea (Clade I). Such a high level of genetic divergence suggested the occurrence of two sister-species. Further phylogeographic partition was evident between the western IMPA and the regions sampled east and south of it, i.e. northern Australia, West Papua, and the Coral Sea. Strong allele-frequency differences were found between local populations in the southwestern Pacific, both at the mitochondrial locus (ΦST=0.282-0.609) and at microsatellite loci (^θ=0.202-0.313). Clade II consisted of four deeply divergent subclades (9.0-11.8% nucleotide divergence for the control region; 0.3-2.5% divergence at the cytochrome b locus). Mitochondrial sub-clades within Clade II generally had narrow geographic distribution, demonstrating further genetic isolation. However, one particular haplogroup within Clade II was present throughout the central Indo-West Pacific; that haplogroup was found to be sister-group to an haplogroup restricted to West Papua and the Coral Sea, yielding evidence of recent secondary westward colonization. Such a complex structure is in sharp contrast with the generally weak phylogeographic patterns uncovered to date in other widely distributed, large pelagic fishes with pelagic eggs and larvae. We hypothesize that in S. commerson and possibly other Scomberomorus species, philopatric migration may play a role in maintaining the geographic isolation of populations by annihilating the potential consequences of passive dispersal.
Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

ird-00759711
http://hal.ird.fr/ird-00759711
http://hal.ird.fr/ird-00759711/document

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Linnean Society of London
Résumé : International audience
Although migratory pelagic fishes generally exhibit little geographic differentiation across oceans, as expected from their life-history (broadcast spawning, pelagic larval life, swimming ability of adults) and the assumed homogeneity of the pelagic habitat, exceptions to the rule deserve scrutiny. One such exception is the narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson), where strong genetic heterogeneity at the regional scale has been previously reported. We investigated the genetic composition of S. commerson across the Indo-West Pacific range using control-region sequences (including previously published datasets), cytochrome-b gene partial sequences, and eight microsatellite loci, to further explore its phylogeographic structure. All haplotypes sampled from the Indo-Malay-Papua archipelago (IMPA) and the southwestern Pacific coalesced into a clade (Clade II) that was deeply separated (14.5% nucleotide divergence) from a clade grouping all haplotypes from the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea (Clade I). Such a high level of genetic divergence suggested the occurrence of two sister-species. Further phylogeographic partition was evident between the western IMPA and the regions sampled east and south of it, i.e. northern Australia, West Papua, and the Coral Sea. Strong allele-frequency differences were found between local populations in the southwestern Pacific, both at the mitochondrial locus (ΦST=0.282-0.609) and at microsatellite loci (^θ=0.202-0.313). Clade II consisted of four deeply divergent subclades (9.0-11.8% nucleotide divergence for the control region; 0.3-2.5% divergence at the cytochrome b locus). Mitochondrial sub-clades within Clade II generally had narrow geographic distribution, demonstrating further genetic isolation. However, one particular haplogroup within Clade II was present throughout the central Indo-West Pacific; that haplogroup was found to be sister-group to an haplogroup restricted to West Papua and the Coral Sea, yielding evidence of recent secondary westward colonization. Such a complex structure is in sharp contrast with the generally weak phylogeographic patterns uncovered to date in other widely distributed, large pelagic fishes with pelagic eggs and larvae. We hypothesize that in S. commerson and possibly other Scomberomorus species, philopatric migration may play a role in maintaining the geographic isolation of populations by annihilating the potential consequences of passive dispersal.
ISSN: 0024-4066

ird-00759711
http://hal.ird.fr/ird-00759711
http://hal.ird.fr/ird-00759711v2/document
http://hal.ird.fr/ird-00759711/file/FauvelotBorsa_Scomberomorus%20commerson%20p%20HAL.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The Cenozoic weathering of peninsular India has been advocated as a major driver of globalcooling, however, its timing remains virtually unconstrained such that proposed links betweentropical weathering of the Deccan Traps, regional monsoonal intensity and global climate remainsspeculative. To solve this conundrum we present here a revised weathering chronologybased on the identification of lateritic paleosurfaces and their dating using 40Ar/39Ar on supergeneK-rich manganese oxides. We focus on the Indian western passive margin where theWestern Ghats Escarpment (WGE) – a ~1000 m high topographic barrier resulting from thecontinental break up of Greater India – exposes exceptionally preserved weathering profilesfrom the western coastal lowlands to the eastern highland plateaus above the WGE. Four mainlateritic paleosurfaces have been identified: Three in the highland; a high landsurface (Al-Femostly bauxite) at elevation 1200-1000 m asl, an intermediate landsurface covered by a Feduricrustat 1000-900 m asl and a lower pediment landsurface at 850-600 m asl; and one inthe coastal lowland underneath a pediment landsurface at 150-50 m asl. The 40Ar/39Ar agesdocument three major weathering periods over the Cenozoic. The oldest weathering period(W1) is recorded between 53 Ma to 45 Ma both in the highland and the lowland. This correlatesto the Global Eocene climatic Optimum, and allows defining a bauxitic paleolandsurface acrossthe escarpment. Intense bauxitic weathering between ~ 45 and 47 Ma in the lowland indicatethat the WGE was stabilized before ~ 47 Ma on its margin and also implies low denudation rateat the foot of the WGE (<5 m Ma-1) since that time. The second weathering period between37 Ma to 19 Ma (W2) occurred in two distinctive stages (W2a and W2b). From 37 to 26 (W2a),weathering is only recorded in the highland and affect intermediate surfaces. The intensityof chemical weathering decreased sensibly between 32 and 29 Ma – potentially linked to theEarly Oligocene cooling – and resulted in the formation of the lower pediment surface. From~26 Ma to 19 Ma (W2b), only the western coastal lowland weathered while the highland surfacesare mostly dissected. This change and the highland/lowland weathering mitigation after~26 Ma documents a change in climatic patterns over peninsular India that signs the onset ofmodern-like monsoon regime. These results are being interpolated to the Deccan Traps basaltsto quantify their weathering and ultimately estimate of the contribution to CO2 fluxes of thesethree weathering periods and their potential link to Asian Monsoons and global cooling.
Source to Sink: a long term perspective of sediment budgets and sources characterization, Abstracts
Rennes, France

insu-01406455
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01406455

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest that a Mediterranean dietary pattern during pregnancy may influence pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MD) during pregnancy on fetal growth restriction (FGR) and preterm delivery (PTD) in a French Caribbean island where the population is largely of African descent and presents dietary patterns similar to MD. METHODS: Using data from the TIMOUN Mother-Child Cohort Study conducted in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) between 2004 and 2007, we analysed data for 728 pregnant women who delivered liveborn singletons without any major congenital malformations. Degree of adherence to MD during pregnancy was evaluated with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire based on nine dietary criteria. Multiple logistic regression models were used to analyse birth outcomes while taking potential confounders into account. RESULTS: Overall there was no association between MD adherence during pregnancy and the risk of PTD or FGR. However, pre-pregnancy body mass index was a strong effect modifier, and MD adherence was associated with a decreased risk of PTD specifically in overweight and obese women (adjusted odds ratio 0.7, 95% confidence interval 0.6, 0.9) (P heterogeneity <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that Caribbean diet during pregnancy may carry some benefits of MD and may contribute to reduce the risk of PTD in overweight and obese pregnant women.
ISSN: 0269-5022

hal-00988172
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00988172
DOI : 10.1111/ppe.12113
PUBMED : 24754337

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Background Chlordecone is a persistent organochlorine insecticide with well-defined estrogenic properties. It was intensively used in the French West Indies until 1993 to control the banana root borer. Because of the long-term contamination of soils and water, the population is currently exposed to chlordecone through food consumption. Chlordecone has been found in the blood of pregnant women and in cord blood. It has been shown to be an endocrine-disrupting chemical and exposure during pregnancy may affect fetal growth. Objectives The objective of our study was to examine the association between prenatal exposure to chlordecone and fetal growth based on the TIMOUN birth cohort conducted in Guadeloupe, with a focus on the potential modification of this relationship by maternal body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG). Methods Chlordecone was determined in cord plasma at birth in 593 babies. Birth weight was the indicator of fetal growth. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG were determined. Adherence to GWG recommendations of the US Institute of Medicine based on maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was assessed. Birth weight was analyzed relative to cord blood chlordecone levels using linear and non-linear regression models. Results Overall chlordecone in cord blood was not associated with birth weight, but we found an interaction between chlordecone exposure with GWG and adherence to GWG recommendations. After stratification by GWG, we found a significant U-shaped association between birth weight and chlordecone exposure, within the upper quartiles of GWG or excessive GWG. Conclusion Chlordecone exposure may affect fetal growth, particularly when excessive GWG is present. © 2016 Elsevier Inc.
Environmental Research

hal-01367154
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01367154
DOI : 10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.004
PUBMED : 27560981

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Le changement climatique et le développement durable du tourisme représentent des enjeux majeurs pour l’avenir du tourisme dans plusieurs régions du monde, notamment aux Antilles françaises. Aussi, la présente étude se propose d’analyser et d’évaluer les effets économiques de la variation climatique sur le secteur touristique à la Guadeloupe et à la Martinique, pour quatre raisons essentielles : (a) le secteur du tourisme et les petites économies insulaires qui en dépendent, comme celles de la Guadeloupe et de la Martinique, sont fortement sensibles à la variabilité et au changement du climat. (b) la vulnérabilité intrinsèque de ces petites destinations et de leurs infrastructures à l’élévation du niveau de la mer et aux évènements climatiques extrêmes (cyclones, inondations, sécheresse), (c) la haute dépendance de l’industrie touristique régionale à l’utilisation des énergies fossiles, (d) enfin, en raison du fait qu’aucune évaluation économique chiffrée n’a été produite à ce jour sur les effets économiques de la la variation climatique sur le secteur touristique à la Guadeloupe et à la Martinique. Par conséquent, il importe de cerner dans ces deux régions les conséquences possibles de ce changement au plan touristique et d’envisager le cas échéant des stratégies d’adaptation et d’atténuation. Ce faisant, cette étude se fixe quatre objectifs principaux : (a) examiner les facteurs qui influencent la demande et l’offre de tourisme aux Antilles Françaises ; (b) effectuer à l’aide d’un modèle de demande touristique, l’impact économique de ces facteurs sur le nombre d’arrivées ainsi que sur la dépense touristique dans ces régions ; (c) évaluer et projeter en termes de coût, les effets du changement climatique sur l’activité touristique ; et (d) proposer aux autorités locales, des stratégies d’adaptation et d’atténuation face au défi du changement climatique.L’évaluation de ces différents effets est abordée ici à l’aide d’un modèle structurel de base (MSB) et d’un modèle structurel général (MSG), inspirés tous deux des travaux de Harvey (1990) pour capter à l’aide d’un indice climato-touristique, les éléments du climat qui impactent l’activité touristique. Cet indice synthétique est calculé en se basant sur les données climatiques du passé selon deux scénarios climatiques proposés par le groupe d’experts intergouvernemental sur l’évolution du climat (GIEC) – un scénario pessimiste A2, et un scénario optimiste B2-. Les résultats issus de l’application de ces modèles montrent que les caractéristiques climato-touristiques de la Guadeloupe et de la Martinique subiront vraisemblablement un déclin à long terme, et devraient au plan économique impacter négativement le secteur touristique de ces destinations, se traduisant par des pertes à la fois d’attractivité et de chiffre d’affaires du secteur. Les pertes subies par le tourisme en raison du changement climatique s’élèveraient à l’horizon 2100, et selon le scénario A2, à 45 millions d’euros à la Guadeloupe soit 0,7% de son PIB 2004, et à 60 millions d’euros à la Martinique soit 0,8% de son PIB 2004.
Climate change and the tourism sustainable development are important challenges for tourism future trends of many countries, including the French West Indies. Therefore, this study provides an evaluation of the likely economic effects of climate change on tourism sector in Guadeloupe and Martinique, and identifies four reasons why these countries should be concerned about the potential effects of climate change on tourism: (a) Guadeloupe and Martinique are island destinations very sensitive to climate change; (b) their intrinsic vulnerability and their infrastructure to sea level rise and extreme climatic events (e.g. hurricanes and floods); (c) the high dependence of their tourist industry on carbon-based fuels; and (d) up to date, no economic evaluation of climate change on tourism sector in Guadeloupe and Martinique is provided. Therefore, this study attempted to quantify the likely effects of the changes in the climatic factors on the economy of the French West Indies. There are four main objectives in this study. The first is to examine the factors that influence the demand and supply tourism in Guadeloupe and Martinique. The second is to forecast the impact of climate change to tourism arrivals until 2050 under two scenarios from the intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC) – A2: pessimistic scenario and B2: optimistic scenario-. Third is to evaluate and forecast the cost of climate change to the tourism sector until 2100. The fourth is to recommend to authorities the adaptation and mitigation strategies that can be undertaken by the tourism sector to French West Indies to address climate change.Following Harvey (1990), a Basic Structural Model (BSM) and a General structural Model (GSM), are employed to model tourist arrivals to Martinique. A tourism climatic index (TCI) conceptualized by Mieczkowski (1985) is used in this model to capture the elements of climate that impact on a destination’s experience. The results suggest that under both scenarios, the island’s key tourism climatic features will probably decline, and therefore, negatively impact on the destination experience of visitors. Tourism losses due to climate change are projected in 2100 to 45 millions euros in Guadeloupe, or 0.7% of its GDP, and to 60 millions euros in Martinique, or 0,8% of its GDP.
Guadeloupe
Martinique

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.6750
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/6750

Éditeur(s) : EDP Sciences
Résumé : Batch fecundity and relative fecundity of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in the southwestern Indian Ocean were estimated from seven gravid swordfish females (size range 127-225 cm lower jaw-to-fork length, LJFL) with unovulated, hydrated oocytes collected onboard Reunion-based (France) longline swordfish fishing vessels between December 1999 to January 2001. To investigate the spawning pattern of swordfish, we used data collected through a combination of two at sea sampling regimes. A total of 17 007 geo-located size data of swordfish were recorded during 8 years (1993-2001) and a total of 1727 (size range 75-289 cm, LJFL) swordfish gonads (1107 females and 620 males) were sampled from May 1998 to January 2001. The estimated batch fecundity ranged from 995 000 hydrated oocytes for the smallest ripe female to 4.3 millions for the largest female sampled measuring respectively 127 to 225 cm in curved length (LJFL). The relative fecundity ranged from 25 to 72 hydrated oocytes per gram of body weight. We found that batch fecundity was positively correlated with fish length and that the older/larger females have earlier and longer spawning seasons than younger/smaller females. These findings suggested that older/larger females which are seasonally migrating in this spawning ground seem to play a major role in reproductive success of the species in producing significantly more offspring than younger females during an extended spawning season. Examination of the length-frequency date from the fishery indicated that the young fish are resident around Reunion and around the seamounts off Reunion Island. Our results highlight the important role of the older/larger females in the reproductive capacity of southwestern Indian Ocean stock. We discuss the potential implications of fishing the older/larger females for this stock in terms of reproduction and recruitment.
La fécondité par acte de ponte et la fécondité relative chez l'espadon (Xiphias gladius) dans le sud-ouest de l'océan Indien sont estimées d'après sept femelles de taille comprise entre 127 et 225 cm (de l'extrémité de la mâchoire inférieure à la fourche caudale) ; celles-ci ayant atteint la maturité sexuelle, les ovaires contenant des ovocytes hydratés. Ces femelles ont été pêchées entre décembre 1999 et janvier 2001, par des palangriers ciblant l'espadon et basés à La Réunion. La stratégie de la reproduction chez l'espadon a été étudiée en utilisant des données collectées au cours de deux campagnes d'échantillonnages en mer : soit 17 007 mensurations géo-référencées d'espadons, de 75 à 289 cm, qui ont été enregistrées durant les 8 années d'étude (1993-2001) et 1727 gonades d'espadon (1107 femelles et 620 mâles) prélevées entre mai 1998 et juin 2001.La fécondité par acte de ponte estimée varie de 995 000 ovocytes hydratés, pour la plus petite femelle (127 cm), à 4,3 millions pour la plus grande femelle (225 cm). La fécondité par acte de ponte est corrélée positivement à la taille du poisson. La fécondité relative s'étend de 25 à 72 ovocytes hydratés par gramme de poids de corps. Les femelles les plus âgées/grandes pondent plus tôt et sur une période plus grande que les plus jeunes/petites femelles. Ainsi, les femelles plus âgées/grandes qui migrent de façon saisonnière vers cette aire de ponte, contribueraient plus largement au renouvellement de l'espèce en produisant de façon significative davantage de recrues que les femelles plus jeunes et ceci pendant une saison de ponte plus étendue. Par ailleurs, les jeunes individus semblent séjourner aux abords de l'île de La Réunion et des monts sous-marins situés au large. Nos résultats soulignent l'importance du rôle des femelles âgées/grandes dans la capacité reproductrice du stock d'espadon du sud-ouest de l'océan Indien. Les implications potentielles de la pêche : des femelles âgées et de grandes tailles sont discutées pour ce stock, du point de vue de la reproduction et du recrutement.
Aquatic Living Resources (0990-7440) (EDP Sciences), 2009 , Vol. 22 , N. 1 , P. 59-68

Droits : 2009 EDP Sciences
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/publication-6354.pdf
DOI:10.1051/alr/2009012
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6354/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
The status of ethnic minority has been reported to be associated with a tendency toward sedentary behavior. The Guadeloupean population is composed of Afro-Caribbeans and an Asian Indian minority. This study examined the association of ethnicity and physical activity on the island. Energy expenditures (EE), energy intakes (EI), and macronutrient intakes of 122 Guadeloupean workers (60 Indians and 62 controls) were assessed by three consecutive 24-h recalls. Two-way analyses of variance were conducted to test the hypothesis of an effect of ethnicity, taking the potential effect of sex into account, on these variables. Asian Indians reported lower EE (P=0.011), lower EE/EI ratios (P=0.001), and lower physical activity (P=0.003) than their Afro-Carribean counterparts. Their food intakes were not different in terms of EI or macronutrient intake. No sex × ethnicity interactions were significant. The present study reports a tendency toward physical inactivity in Asian Indians of Guadeloupe associated with EI similar to those of controls. Sedentary lifestyles and energetic imbalances are well-documented risk factors for several diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, both major public health concerns in Guadeloupe. Strategies to prevent sedentary lifestyles should be considered for Asian Indian Guadeloupeans.
ISSN: 0905-7188

hal-00706161
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00706161
DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2007.00743.x

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
AimThe global biodiversity crisis requires the identification of regions with high evolutionary potential, i.e. evolutionary hotspots (evospots). We created an analytical framework based on comparative phylogeography and coalescent methods to assess the dynamics of diversification and population persistence in the reef ecosystem of a little-studied region: the Southwestern Indian Ocean (SWIO).LocationCoral reefs of the SWIO, with comparative data from the Pacific Ocean.MethodsWe generated sequences of mitochondrial DNA (COI and 16S) for 10 widespread brittle-stars (345 specimens) from 21 localities (8 in the SWIO). We analysed them by combining comparative phylogeography approaches, coalescent-based methods, molecular clocks and the concept of evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) to draw conclusions about the drivers of biodiversity in the region.ResultsCryptic diversity was prevalent, increasing lineage diversity within the 10 nominal species by 70% within the SWIO and by 200% across the Indo-West Pacific. All seven new SWIO lineages meet the criteria for ESUs and at least six are biological species. We detected likely intraregional diversifications dating to the Plio-Pleistocene, supporting the SWIO as a generator of biodiversity. Geographical restriction of ESUs, long coalescent times (> 80 ka) and old in situ diversification (> 1 Ma) point to the persistence of populations over multiple glacio-eustatic cycles. We provide data suggesting demographic expansion during sea-level high stands. Regional connectivity was lower, and cryptic differentiation higher in lecithotrophs than in planktotrophs.Main conclusionsThe analytical framework based on a biodiversity survey makes it possible to identify evospots by assessing the potential of a region to maintain and generate biodiversity and by evaluating the evolutionary processes and potential drivers at play.
ISSN: 0305-0270

hal-01369697
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01369697
DOI : 10.1111/jbi.12155

Résumé : Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion, OTEC, is a concentrated renewable source of energy available in the one third of the world's ocean lying in the tropics. An OTEC plant is a heat engine fed with warm surface water and cold water pumped up from the deep. The difference of temperature, 20°C, is small, it can be used to produce electricity as well as fresh water. Plants can be installed on land or at sea. The main problem is to build and deploy a large diameter pipe to pump the cold water from 600 to 1 000 m in depth. France, who discovered the idea realised some major demonstrations fifty years ago. More recently US and Japanese firms have spent more than dollars 200 millions to develop prototypes and research in this field. Several major OTEC pilot plants are presently discussed mainly hy US, Japanese and French teams. The main challenge is to prove the potential competitivness of OTEC electricity in the 10 to 100 MWe range, with diesel electricity in the 1990's. Production of OTEC desalination water and marine proteins are also under consideration. The present book give a unique overview of both technical and economical aspects of this promising source of energy. [NOT CONTROLLED OCR]
L'Océan présente un potentiel considérable d'énergie renouvelable. Dans ce domaine, l'énergie thermique des mers (ETM) apparaît très riche de promesses. C'est une idée française: elle est due à d'Arsonval (1881). Les travaux de G. Claude et P. Boucherat (1928-1934), les projets d'Abidjan (1940-1956) et de la Guadeloupe (1958) essaieront de la matérialiser. Depuis les années 60, ce sont surtout les Américains et les Japonais qui développent les recherches. La France a repris ses projets à partir de 1978, de même que certains pays d'Europe, Cet ouvrage expose les caractéristiques de l'ETM et fixe les ordres de grandeur qui permettent de dimensionner les composants d'une centrale. Il rend compte des recherches menées dans différents pays pour maîtriser la technologie ETM :aux États-Unis, au Japon, en Grande-Bretagne, en Suède, en France et, plus récemment, en Inde ou à Taïwan. Il examine les potentialités réelles dans 98 pays et territoires qui ont accès au gisement ETM et dont les 2/3 sont dans la mouvance européenne. L'étude traite enfin du coût de cette énergie dans la perspective d'une compétitivité du KWG/ETM avec le KWG/fioul. L'examen porte ainsi sur d'autres actions possibles: production eau douce, aquaculture, froid. [OCR NON CONTRÔLE]

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1986/rapport-4310.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4310/

Éditeur(s) : Royal Soc
Résumé : Since its description from the Galapagos Rift in the mid-1980s, Archinome rosacea has been recorded at hydrothermal vents in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Only recently was a second species described from the Pacific Antarctic Ridge. We inferred the identities and evolutionary relationships of Archinome representatives sampled from across the hydrothermal vent range of the genus, which is now extended to cold methane seeps. Species delimitation using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) recovered up to six lineages, whereas concatenated datasets (COI, 16S, 28S and ITS1) supported only four or five of these as clades. Morphological approaches alone were inconclusive to verify the identities of species owing to the lack of discrete diagnostic characters. We recognize five Archinome species, with three that are new to science. The new species, designated based on molecular evidence alone, include: Archinome levinae n. sp., which occurs at both vents and seeps in the east Pacific, Archinome tethyana n. sp., which inhabits Atlantic vents and Archinome jasoni n. sp., also present in the Atlantic, and whose distribution extends to the Indian and southwest Pacific Oceans. Biogeographic connections between vents and seeps are highlighted, as are potential evolutionary links among populations from vent fields located in the east Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, and Atlantic and Indian Oceans; the latter presented for the first time.
Proceedings Of The Royal Society B-biological Sciences (0962-8452) (Royal Soc), 2013-11 , Vol. 280 , N. 1770 , P. 1-9

Droits : 2013 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00157/26814/24961.pdf
DOI:10.1098/rspb.2013.1876
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00157/26814/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer International Publishing
Résumé : International audience
Understanding the formation processes of maritime archaeological sites and the maritime landscape in the French West Indies is a new challenge in underwater archaeology. This chapter presents an analysis of formation and conservation processes of maritime archaeological sites in Guadeloupe using evidence from both historical and archaeological research. Formation parameters include contemporary events associated with maritime loss and the in situ geophysical regime. Questions considered include: what natural and/or anthropogenic parameters best classify maritime sites in the context of the French West Indies landscape? And: how do these parameters vary by site location? Field-tested case studies are used to assess the archaeological potential for submerged shipwreck sites for three locational typologies within the landscape: submerged, coastal, and micro-island. Geomorphic parameters, including erosion, sea level evolution, and tectonic activity, are evaluated with regard to the formation of coastal Amerindian and colonial sites. The location of shipwrecks are primarily determined by historic patterns in commercial trade and by topographical constraints associated with accessibility, risk, and the presence of natural harbors, parameters important in the Caribbean. A unique feature of Guadeloupe is the high variability of the structure of the coastline through time. The recent discovery of numerous underwater prehistoric artifacts confirms that several islands, coastal areas, and their archaeological sites have been completely submerged or eroded since their formation. The characterization of these formation processes provides both academically interesting and practical information valuable in assessing the impact of development and urbanization in Guadeloupe’s maritime landscape.
Formation Processes of Maritime Archaeological Landscapes

hal-01448703
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01448703