Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Cumulative human impacts have led to the degradation of marine ecosystems and thedecline of biodiversity in the European and contiguous seas. Effective conservationmeasures are urgently needed to reverse these trends. Conservation must entail societalchoices, underpinned by human values and worldviews that differ between the countriesbordering these seas. Social, economic and political heterogeneity adds to the challenge ofbalancing conservation with sustainable use of the seas. Comprehensive macro-regionalcoordination is needed to ensure effective conservation of marine ecosystems andbiodiversity of this region. Under the European Union Horizon 2020 framework programme,the MarCons COST action aims to promote collaborative research to support marinemanagement, conservation planning and policy development. This will be achieved bydeveloping novel methods and tools to close knowledge gaps and advance marineconservation science. This action will provide support for the development of macro-regional and national policies through six key actions: to develop tools to analysecumulative human impacts; to identify critical scientific and technical gaps in conservationefforts; to improve the resilience of the marine environment to global change and biologicalinvasions; to develop frameworks for integrated conservation planning across terrestrial,freshwater, and marine environments; to coordinate marine conservation policy acrossnational boundaries; and to identify effective governance approaches for marine protectedarea management. Achieving the objectives of these actions will facilitate the integration ofmarine conservation policy into macro-regional maritime spatial planning agendas for theEuropean and contiguous seas, thereby offsetting the loss of biodiversity and ecosystemservices in this region.
Research Ideas and Outcomes

hal-01474085
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01474085
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01474085/document
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01474085/file/RIO_article_11884.pdf
DOI : 10.3897/rio.3.e11884

Éditeur(s) : EDP Sciences
Résumé : The present paper aims at identifying and assessing indicators of the effects of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in coral reef regions, based on a bibliography review in ecology, economics and social sciences. First the various effects Studied within each of these domains and the variables used to measure them were censused. Potential ecological indicators were assessed through their link with the question used (here termed "relevance") and their "effectiveness" which encompasses the issues of precision, accuracy and statistical power. Relevance and effectiveness were respectively measured by the frequency of use of each indicator and the proportion of significant results in the reviewed articles. For social and economic effects, the approach was not possible due to the low number of references: we thus discussed the issue of finding appropriate indicators for those fields. Results indicate: 1- the unbalance in literature between disciplines: 2- the need for protocols and methodologies which include controls in order to assess MPA effects: 3- an important proportion of ecological indicators with low effectiveness: 4- the large number of ecological effects still not studied or not demonstrated at present.
Cet article vise à identifier des indicateurs de l'effet des aires marines protégées (AMP) en milieu corallien, sur la base d'une synthèse bibliographique dans les domaines écologiques, économiques et sociaux, et principalement en milieu corallien. Nous recensons d'abord les différents effets attendus des AMP pour chacun des domaines, et les variables retenues pour les étudier. Les indicateurs écologiques potentiels sont évalués au travers de leur lien avec l'effet étudié (ici appelé "pertinence") et de leur "efficacité" qui regroupe les notions de précision, justesse et puissance statistique. Pertinence et efficacité sont respectivement mesurées par la fréquence d'utilisation et la proportion de résultats significatifs trouvés dans les articles recensés. Pour les aspects économiques et sociaux, le faible nombre de références ne permet pas une approche comparable à celle utilisée pour les indicateurs écologiques, et nous discutons donc de la question de l'identification d'indicateurs, et suggérons quelques pistes de recherche. Les principales conclusions de ce travail sont: i) le décalage entre les nombres de publications entre disciplines; ii) la nécessité de protocoles et méthodologies incluant des situations de contrôle pour évaluer les effets des MPA; iii) la faible efficacité de nombreux indicateurs écologiques; et iv) le nombre élevé d'effets peu ou pas étudiés ou démontrés à l'heure actuelle.
Aquatic Living Resources (0990-7440) (EDP Sciences), 2005 , Vol. 18 , N. 1 , P. 15-33

Droits : EDP Sciences, IFREMER, IRD 2005
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2005/publication-409.pdf
DOI:10.1051/alr:2005011
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/409/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé :  
Les Aracées forment une famille de plantes dont on connaît actuellement quelque 150 genres et 3300 espèces réparties sur toute la surface du globe, principalement dans les zones tropicales et équatoriales de l'Asie et de l'Amérique du Sud. Au-delà d'une immense diversité de formes, de modes de vies et d'habitats, les Aracées ont en commun - à quelques exceptions près - d'être entomophiles. Pour attirer et retenir les insectes qui les pollinisent, elles ont développé des inflorescences très particulières.
Insectes

hal-01032101
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032101

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Taylor & Francis
Résumé :  
We compared floral odour profiles among populations of two Arum species which show different degrees of specificity for their fly pollinators. Insects were collected from inflorescences in four populations of Arum italicum and two populations of Arum maculaturn. In six Arum populations, we compared inflorescences odour profiles collected by Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) and analysed by gas chromatography. We confirmed that from a pollination point of view, A. italicum is an opportunist species, as it is mainly pollinated by insects of the families Psychodidae, Chironomidae and Sciaridae, whereas A. maculatum is a specialist species, as it is 90% pollinated by Psychodidae. In all populations, Arum italicum was less attractive to pollinators than Arum maculatum. Floral odour profiles of A. italicum were not geographically structured among populations, suggesting a high gene flow or adaptation to a fluctuant guild of pollinators. On the contrary, odour profiles of A. maculatum varied between the two populations studied suggesting a lower gene flow or adaptation to different local pollinator preferences
ISSN: 0037-9271

hal-01019003
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01019003