Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Landes Bioscience
Résumé : International audience
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
Autophagy

hal-00735751
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00735751
PUBMED : 22966490

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Science & Sports

hal-01622939
https://hal-umontpellier.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01622939
DOI : 10.1016/S0765-1597(02)00065-5

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
ISSN: 1439-6319

hal-01622955
https://hal-umontpellier.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01622955
DOI : 10.1007/s00421-002-0637-x

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Portland Press
Résumé : International audience
ISSN: 0143-5221

hal-01678951
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01678951
DOI : 10.1042/CS20150461

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Thieme Publishing
Résumé : International audience
The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of prior cycling and a successive run on respiratory muscle performance during a cycle-run succession as performed in the triathlon. We hypothesized that despite the moderate intensity of exercise and the absence of exhaustion, the crouched cycling position would induce a decrease in respiratory muscle performance that would be reversed by the successive vertical run position. Ten male triathletes (22.6 +/- 1.1 yr) performed a four-trial protocol: (1) an incremental cycle test to assess maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), (2) 20 min of cycling (C), (3) 20 min of running (R), and (4) 20 min of cycling followed by 20 min of running (C-R). Trials 2, 3 and 4 were performed at the same metabolic intensity, i. e., 75 % of VO2max. Respiratory muscle force was assessed by measuring maximal expiratory (P(Emax)) and inspiratory (P(Imax)) pressures from the functional residual capacity (FRC) before and 10 min after C, R, and C-R. Respiratory muscle endurance was assessed one day before and 30 min after C, R, and C-R, by measuring the time limit (T(lim)), which corresponds to the length of time a respiratory load can be sustained before the process of fatigue develops sufficiently to cause task failure. The results showed a similar significant decrease in P(Imax) (132.4 +/- 4.9 versus 125.7 +/- 5.6 cm H2O, p < 0.05) and T(lim) (5.22 +/- 0.28 versus 3.68 +/- 0.32 min, p < 0.05) post-C and post-C-R (133.7 +/- 4.0 versus 126.9 +/- 5.2 cm H2O, and 5.29 +/- 0.18 versus 3.49 +/- 0.41 min, respectively, p < 0.05) compared with the pre-trial values. In contrast, P(Imax) and T(lim) were not significantly decreased post-R (131.8 +/- 6.1 cm H2O versus 129.6 +/- 6.4 cm H2O, and 4.90 +/- 0.69 versus 4.40 +/- 0.56 min, respectively, p > 0.05). We concluded that moderate intensity exercise not performed to exhaustion induced a decrease in respiratory muscle performance. Moreover, the respiratory muscle fatigue induced by prior cycling was maintained, and neither reversed nor worsened, by the successive run.
ISSN: 0172-4622

hal-01622938
https://hal-umontpellier.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01622938
DOI : 10.1055/s-2003-37201
PUBMED : 12582954

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD WB Saunders
Résumé : International audience
N/A
ISSN: 0033-3506

hal-01528782
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01528782
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01528782/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01528782/file/txt.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.puhe.2013.07.002

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Masson
Résumé : International audience
Objective. — The aim of this study was to validate the French translation of the category-rating-10 used for assessing perceived exertion (RPE) when monitoring training loads. Methods. — Fifty athletes from individual (Taekwondo) and team sports (soccer) volunteered. Two forward translations, a reconciled version, and then a back-translation were completed to validate the final French version. French Session-RPE, heart rate, and duration were recorded for 622 training sessions.Results. —The comparability of language and similarity of interpretability using a Likert scale were 2 and 1, respectively. A high Cronbach’s coefficient ( = 0.77) was found. The intraclass correlation coefficient of session-RPE was 0.77. High correlations were determined between the session-RPE and HR-based methods during training sessions. The effect size was 0.97.Conclusion. — When monitoring training load, the French version of category-rating-10 exhibits similar reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change as the English version.
Objectif. — L’objet de cette étude était de valider la traduction franc¸aise de l’échelle de la Note de Catégorie-10 utilisée dans l’évaluation de la perception de l’effort pour contrôler la charge d’entraînement.Méthode. —Cinquante athlètes de sport individuel (taekwondo) et d’équipe (football) ont volontairement participé à l’étude. Deux traductions en mode direct, une version réconciliée, puis une traduction indirecte ont été effectuées pour évaluer la version franc¸aise finale. Lafréquence cardiaque, la durée et la charge d’entraînement quantifiée par la version franc¸aise ont été enregistrées durant 622 séances d’entraînement.Résultats. — La comparaison et la similarité de l’interprétation en utilisant l’échelle de Likert étaient de 2 et 1, respectivement. Un coefficient élevé de -Cronbach a été calculé ( = 0,77). Le coefficient de corrélation intraclasse de la RPE-de-séance était de 0,77. Des corrélations élevées ont été observées entre la RPE-séance et les différentes méthodes de contrôle de la charge d’entraînement basées sur la FC (les méthodes de Banister et d’Edwards). L’effet de taille de l’échantillon était de 0,97.Conclusion. —Dans le cadre du contrôle de la charge d’entraînement, la version franc¸aise de l’échelle de la Note de Catégorie-10 présente une similarité de fiabilité, validé et sensibilité aux changements avec la version anglaise.
ISSN: 0765-1597

hal-01163458
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01163458
DOI : 10.1016/j.scispo.2012.07.008

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), a reference examination for cardiac morphology and function in humans, allows to image the cardiac right ventricle (RV) with high spatial resolution. The segmentation of the RV is a difficult task due to the variable shape of the RV and its ill-defined borders in these images. The aim of this paper is to evaluate several RV segmentation algorithms on common data. More precisely, we report here the results of the Right Ventricle Segmentation Challenge (RVSC), concretized during the MICCAI'12 Conference with an on-site competition. Seven automated and semi-automated methods have been considered, along them three atlas-based methods, two prior based methods, and two prior-free, image-driven methods that make use of cardiac motion. The obtained contours were compared against a manual tracing by an expert cardiac radiologist, taken as a reference, using Dice metric and Hausdorff distance. We herein describe the cardiac data composed of 48 patients, the evaluation protocol and the results. Best results show that an average 80% Dice accuracy and a 1cm Hausdorff distance can be expected from semi-automated algorithms for this challenging task on the datasets, and that an automated algorithm can reach similar performance, at the expense of a high computational burden. Data are now publicly available and the website remains open for new submissions (http://www.litislab.eu/rvsc/).
ISSN: 1361-8415

hal-01141170
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01141170
PUBMED : 25461337

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Afro-­‐‑ Caribbean sprinters often reach high performance levels at an early age. Adolescence is a time of morphological and physiological changes. This study was designed to analyze the evolution in parameters of short sprint performance during adolescence in Afro-­‐‑ Caribbean boys, especially the stride number/body height ratio (SN/BH), which is at the interface of technical and morphological factors. Seventy-­‐‑ one 13-­‐‑ year-­‐‑ old boys performed vertical jumps and short sprint races. The races were filmed with a view to determine stride variables. Anthropometric parameters were also measured. The same tests were performed two years later. Body height and SN/BH were the main predictors of sprint performance. The delta of performance was principally explained by stride length and stride number. Although deterioration in technical parameters was expected, the parameters related to body size and stride length were the main sprint performance predictors rather than explosive force. These results could be useful in developing tests to detect sprint potential in youth.
Journal of Human Kinetics

hal-01163933
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01163933

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Afro-­ Caribbean sprinters often reach high performance levels at an early age. Adolescence is a time of morphological and physiological changes. This study was designed to analyze the evolution in parameters of short sprint performance during adolescence in Afro-­Caribbean boys, especially the stride number/body height ratio (SN/BH), which is at the interface of technical and morphological factors. Seventy-­‐‑ one 13-­‐‑ year-­‐‑ old boys performed vertical jumps and short sprint races. The races were filmed with a view to determine stride variables. Anthropometric parameters were also measured. The same tests were performed two years later. Body height and SN/BH were the main predictors of sprint performance. The delta of performance was principally explained by stride length and stride number. Although deterioration in technical parameters was expected, the parameters related to body size and stride length were the main sprint performance predictors rather than explosive force. These results could be useful in developing tests to detect sprint potential in youth.
Journal of Human Kinetics

hal-01143539
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01143539