Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : National audience
Congrès de la SPTC - Société de Pharmaco-Toxicologie Cellulaire
Paris, France

hal-01122677
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01122677

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
ISSN: 0043-1648

hal-01679411
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01679411
DOI : 10.1016/j.wear.2004.11.019

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Pacific-credo Publications
Résumé : International audience
Les sciences humaines et sociales dans le Pacifique Sud, terrain questions et méthodes

ISBN : 978-2-9537485-2-9
hal-01342961
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01342961

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The structural parameters of fluorinated nanocarbons presenting different shapes, i.e. spherical, tubular and discotic are investigated and correlated to their tribological properties. Different fluorination rates of graphitized carbon blacks (0D), carbon nanofibres (1D) and a mixture of carbon nanodiscs and nanocones (2D) were achieved under pure molecular fluorine gas flow (direct fluorination). Raman spectrometry, X-ray diffraction and 19F solid state nuclear magnetic resonance underline similar structure and nature of the C-F bonds (covalent) for equivalent fluorine contents. In spite of the similarities of physical-chemical properties at equivalent fluorine contents, the tribological properties of the fluorinated nanocarbons differ. Those properties are discussed taking into account the role of the fluorine content and location of the fluorine atoms in the decrease of the interparticle interactions and in the cleavage of the external fluorocarbon layers to form the tribofilm. Finally, the effect of the shape is discussed.
ISSN: 0022-1139

hal-00787267
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00787267

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Within the framework of the international field campaign COPS (Convective and Orographically induced Precipitation Study), a large suite of state-of-the-art meteorological instrumentation was operated, partially combined for the first time. This includes networks of in situ and remote-sensing systems such as the Global Positioning System as well as a synergy of multi-wavelength passive and active remote-sensing instruments such as advanced radar and lidar systems. The COPS field phase was performed from 01 June to 31 August 2007 in a low-mountain area in southwestern Germany/eastern France covering the Vosges mountains, the Rhine valley and the Black Forest mountains. The collected dataset covers the entire evolution of convective precipitation events in complex terrain from their initiation, to their development and mature phase until their decay. Eighteen Intensive Observations Periods with 37 operation days and eight additional Special Observations Periods were performed, providing a comprehensive dataset covering different forcing conditions. In this article, an overview of the COPS scientific strategy, the field phase, and its first accomplishments is given. Highlights of the campaign are illustrated with several measurement examples. It is demonstrated that COPS research provides new insight into key processes leading to convection initiation and to the modification of precipitation by orography, in the improvement of quantitative precipitation forecasting by the assimilation of new observations, and in the performance of ensembles of convection-permitting models in complex terrain.
ISSN: 0035-9009

hal-00565513
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00565513
DOI : 10.1002/qj.752

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
ISSN: 1023-8883

hal-01680425
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01680425
DOI : 10.1007/s11249-014-0421-1

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group
Résumé : While Amazonian forests are extraordinarily diverse, the abundance of trees is skewed strongly towards relatively few 'hyperdominant' species. In addition to their diversity, Amazonian trees are a key component of the global carbon cycle, assimilating and storing more carbon than any other ecosystem on Earth. Here we ask, using a unique data set of 530 forest plots, if the functions of storing and producing woody carbon are concentrated in a small number of tree species, whether the most abundant species also dominate carbon cycling, and whether dominant species are characterized by specific functional traits. We find that dominance of forest function is even more concentrated in a few species than is dominance of tree abundance, with only ≈1% of Amazon tree species responsible for 50% of carbon storage and productivity. Although those species that contribute most to biomass and productivity are often abundant, species maximum size is also influential, while the identity and ranking of dominant species varies by function and by region.
ISSN: 2041-1723

hal-01204225
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01204225
DOI : 10.1038/ncomms7857
PRODINRA : 305614
PUBMED : 25919449

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
ISSN: 1023-8883

hal-01685764
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01685764
DOI : 10.1007/s11249-014-0421-1

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Association for the Advancement of Science
Résumé : International audience
Most eukaryotic organisms are arthropods. Yet, their diversity in rich terrestrial ecosystems is still unknown. Here we produce tangible estimates of the total species richness of arthropods in a tropical rainforest. Using a comprehensive range of structured protocols, we sampled the phylogenetic breadth of arthropod taxa from the soil to the forest canopy in the San Lorenzo forest, Panama. We collected 6144 arthropod species from 0.48 hectare and extrapolated total species richness to larger areas on the basis of competing models. The whole 6000-hectare forest reserve most likely sustains 25,000 arthropod species. Notably, just 1 hectare of rainforest yields >60% of the arthropod biodiversity held in the wider landscape. Models based on plant diversity fitted the accumulated species richness of both herbivore and nonherbivore taxa exceptionally well. This lends credence to global estimates of arthropod biodiversity developed from plant models.
ISSN: 0036-8075

hal-00817285
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00817285
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00817285/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00817285/file/1226727Revisedtext.pdf
DOI : 10.1126/science.1226727

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD AGU and the Geochemical Society
Résumé : International audience
Peridotite xenoliths brought up to the surface by the volcanism of the Kerguelen Islands represent a mantle that has been affected by a high degree of partial melting followed by intense melt percolation above the Kerguelen plume. These xenoliths are therefore particularly suitable to investigate effects of melt-rock interaction on crystallographic fabrics (lattice-preferred orientation (LPO)) of peridotite minerals and on the LPO-induced seismic properties of peridotites above a mantle plume. We have studied a suite of 16 ultramafic samples representative of different degrees of partial melting and magma-rock interaction among which the protogranular harzburgites are the least metasomatised xenoliths and dunites are the ultimate stage of metasomatism. Olivine LPO is characterized by high concentration of [010] axes perpendicular to the foliation and [100] axes close to the lineation or distributed in the foliation plane in harzburgites, whereas the high concentration of [100] axes is parallel to the lineation and [010] axes is perpendicular to the assumed foliation in dunites. Olivine LPO in harzburgites is interpreted as being due to a deformation regime in axial compression or transpression. The fabric strength of olivine decreases progressively from protogranular to poikilitic harzburgites and finally to dunites, for which it remains nevertheless significant (J index 3.8). Seismic properties calculated from LPO of minerals indicate that metasomatism at higher melt/rock ratio lowers the P wave velocities. The most significant difference between harzburgites and dunites corresponds to the distribution of S wave anisotropy. Harzburgites display the maximum of anisotropy within the foliation plane and the minimum of anisotropy perpendicular to the foliation plane, whereas the lowest anisotropy is parallel to the lineation for dunites. These modifications of seismic properties as a result of metasomatic processes may induce seismic heterogeneities in the mantle above the Kerguelen plume. In addition, assuming a lithospheric mantle primarily harzburgitic and structured with a horizontal foliation, the seismic properties calculated for the Kerguelen xenoliths reconcile the rather high anisotropy evidenced by the horizontally propagating surface waves with the apparent isotropy revealed by the absence of splitting of vertically propagating teleseismic SKS waves recorded by the GEOSCOPE Kerguelen station.
ISSN: 1525-2027

hal-00366222
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00366222
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00366222/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00366222/file/bascou_Kerguelen_2007GC001879_hal.pdf
DOI : 10.1029/2007GC001879

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Les dossiers thématiques d'Agropolis, n° 11
Dans le contexte actuel de contraintes climatiques et socioéconomiques, les agricultures des zones sèches doivent évoluer afin de s’adapter et de répondre à un double défi : produire plus pour satisfaire les besoins alimentaires importants de populations en croissance, mais aussi produire mieux de façon viable et durable. Pour cela, les agricultures de ces zones doivent évoluer vers des modes de production à la fois plus productifs, économes en ressources naturelles et résistants aux aléas climatiques.Dans ce cadre, l’ingénierie écologique propose de nouvelles alternatives de gestion des systèmes agro-sylvo-pastoraux caractéristiques des régions arides et semi-arides d’Afrique subsaharienne. Ceci implique de maitriser la complexité des systèmes étudiés et de s’inspirer à la fois du fonctionnement des écosystèmes naturels de référence à la région agroécologique concernée — les savanes pour les zones sèches ouest-africaines — et des pratiques traditionnelles et savoir-faire locaux issus d’une longue adaptation face aux contraintes environnementales.À partir des expériences ouest-africaines notamment, différentes options pratiques sont exposées dans ce dossier. On pourra ainsi agir sur la biodiversité des organismes, que ce soit les plantes ou les microorganismes du sol par exemple, favoriser le recyclage des matières organiques et des éléments nutritifs pour les plantes qui sont associées, maitriser les cycles de l’eau et, enfin, agir sur l’organisation des paysages pour favoriser un meilleur contrôle des ravageurs de culture.Cependant, développer une telle approche demande une vision intégrée du fonctionnement et de l’évolution des systèmes agro-sylvo-pastoraux. Les questions sociales — le foncier, l’urbanisation et les migrations — et économiques — les marchés des denrées de première nécessité, la pauvreté, etc. — sont des déterminants essentiels qu’il convient de prendre en compte pour le développement durable des populations dans les zones sèches en Afrique subsaharienne.
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01585038

hal-01585038
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01585038

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Météo et Climat
Résumé : International audience
D'initiative française, le projet international HyMeX a pour objectif d'améliorer la compréhension du cycle de l'eau en Méditerranée, de sa variabilité, de l'échelle de l'événement météorologique aux échelles saisonnières et interannuelles, et de ses caractéristiques sur une décennie, dans un contexte de changement global. Le projet est motivé par le rôle déterminant des processus de mésoéchelle, couplés entre l'atmosphère, la mer et la terre, sur la variabilité du système climatique et sur le déclenchement d'événements hydrométéorologiques extrêmes (précipitations et inondations, vents forts et convection océanique, canicules et sécheresses). Le projet vise enfin à évaluer les conséquences de ces événements extrêmes sur la vulnérabilité sociale et économique de cette région et sa capacité d'adaptation.
ISSN: 0026-1181

hal-00828758
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00828758
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00828758/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00828758/file/meteo_2013_80_23%20%281%29.pdf
DOI : 10.4267/2042/48792

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
We report new data on the geochemical evolution, metasomatic and deformation processes in the lower layers of cratonic lithospheric mantle based on a detailed study of extraordinarily fresh and large deformed peridotite xenoliths from the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe, Siberia. Based on our T-P estimates, the deformed peridotites are localized in a depth range of 170 to 220 km near the base of cratonic mantle. The degree of deformation is not correlated with the depth and equilibration temperatures of the xenoliths. The deformed peridotites are depleted in magmaphile major elements indicating their residual nature, but are enriched in incompatible trace elements, Fe and K. The deformed peridotites experienced a complex evolution, i.e., they were formed initially as high-degree melt extraction residues and later were subjected to three main stages of metasomatic modification. (1) An old, mostly cryptic metasomatism by melt/fluid of carbonatitic composition, which formed garnets with sinusoidal REE patterns (Smn/Ern > 1). (2) Silicate metasomatism, which led to the most significant changes in mineralogical and chemical composition of the deformed peridotites. (3) Fe and Ti metasomatism just before the entrainment of the deformed rocks into kimberlite magma. Enrichment of the peridotites in large-ion lithophile elements (K, Rb, Ba) is related to the formation of kelyphitic rims around garnet. The nature of the metasomatic agent of silicate metasomatism was evaluated from mass-balance of measured and calculated whole-rock compositions, ratios of highly incompatible elements (D < 0.1) and fractional crystallization modeling. All this evidence indicates that the agent of silicate metasomatism had a composition intermediate between that of kimberlites and HIMU OIB. The metasomatic processes responsible for the formation of deformed peridotites and precipitation of megacryst suites cannot be widespread at the base of the cratonic mantle. Rather, they are local features only existing in the cratonic mantle below kimberlite fields and localized along the metasomatic vein system.
ISSN: 0024-4937

hal-00941010
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00941010
DOI : 10.1016/j.lithos.2012.11.014

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley/Blackwell
Résumé : International audience
This article documents the addition of 512 microsatellite marker loci and nine pairs of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) sequencing primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Alcippe morrisonia morrisonia, Bashania fangiana, Bashania fargesii, Chaetodon vagabundus, Colletes floralis, Coluber constrictor flaviventris, Coptotermes gestroi, Crotophaga major, Cyprinella lutrensis, Danaus plexippus, Fagus grandifolia, Falco tinnunculus, Fletcherimyia fletcheri, Hydrilla verticillata, Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus, Leavenworthia alabamica, Marmosops incanus, Miichthys miiuy, Nasua nasua, Noturus exilis, Odontesthes bonariensis, Quadrula fragosa, Pinctada maxima, Pseudaletia separata, Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Podocarpus elatus, Portunus trituberculatus, Rhagoletis cerasi, Rhinella schneideri, Sarracenia alata, Skeletonema marinoi, Sminthurus viridis, Syngnathus abaster, Uroteuthis (Photololigo) chinensis, Verticillium dahliae, Wasmannia auropunctata, and Zygochlamys patagonica. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Chaetodon baronessa, Falco columbarius, Falco eleonorae, Falco naumanni, Falco peregrinus, Falco subbuteo, Didelphis aurita, Gracilinanus microtarsus, Marmosops paulensis, Monodelphis Americana, Odontesthes hatcheri, Podocarpus grayi, Podocarpus lawrencei, Podocarpus smithii, Portunus pelagicus, Syngnathus acus, Syngnathus typhle,Uroteuthis (Photololigo) edulis, Uroteuthis (Photololigo) duvauceli and Verticillium albo-atrum. This article also documents the addition of nine sequencing primer pairs and sixteen allele specific primers or probes for Oncorhynchus mykiss and Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; these primers and assays were cross-tested in both species.
ISSN: 1755-098X

hal-01094222
https://hal-agroparistech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01094222
DOI : 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02916.x

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
CMAS 3D, developed in MATLAB (R), is a program to support visualization of major element chemical data in three dimensions. Such projections are used to discuss correlations, metamorphic reactions and the chemical evolution of rocks, melts or minerals. It can also project data into 2D plots. The CMAS 3D interface makes it easy to use, and does not require any knowledge of Matlab (R) programming. CMAS 3D uses data compiled in a Microsoft Excel (TM) spreadsheet. Although useful for scientific research, the program is also a powerful tool for teaching.
ISSN: 0098-3004

hal-00413570
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00413570
DOI : 10.1016/j.cageo.2008.07.002

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
Résumé : International audience
In 2002, the French Food Safety Agency drew attention to the lack of information on the prevalence of human cryptosporidiosis in the country. Two years later, the ANOFEL Cryptosporidium National Network (ACNN) was set up to provide public health authorities with data on the incidence and epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis in France. Constituted on a voluntary basis, ACNN includes 38 hospital parasitology laboratories (mainly in university hospitals). Each laboratory is engaged to notify new cases of confirmed human cryptosporidiosis, store specimens (e.g. stools, duodenal aspirates or biopsies) and related clinical and epidemiological data, using data sheet forms. From January 2006 to December 2009, 407 cryptosporidiosis cases were notified in France and 364 specimens were collected. Of the notified cases, 74 were children under four years of age, accounting for 18.2%. HIV-infected and immunocompetent patients represented 38.6% (n=157) and 28% (n=114) of cases, respectively. A marked seasonal pattern was observed each year, with increased number of cases in mid to late summer and the beginning of autumn. Genotyping of 345 isolates from 310 patients identified C. parvumin 168 (54.2%) cases, C. hominis in 113 (36.4%) and other species in 29 (9.4%), including C. felis (n=15), C. meleagridis (n=4), C. canis (n=4), Cryptosporidium chipmunk genotype (n=1), Cryptosporidium rabbit genotype (n=1) and new Cryptosporidium genotypes (n=4). These data represent the first multisite report of laboratory-confirmed cases of cryptosporidiosis in France.
ISSN: 1560-7917

hal-00926813
https://hal-unilim.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00926813
PUBMED : 20739000

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Field study, thermochronology and geochemistry of the east Lungmu Co (LMC) range highlight some of the geological events that shaped western Tibet. The LMC fault zone has long been interpreted as the boundary between the Tianshuihai terrane of Laurasian affinity and the Qiangtang block of Gondwanian affinity. In the LMC range, the Paleozoic series is intruded by the Mangtsa leucogranite whose zircon have a U/Pb age of 116.9 ± 1 Ma and by mafic rocks with U/Pb zircon ages ranging from 116.9 ± 1 to 95.1 ± 1.7 Ma. Geochemistry of the mafic rocks indicates that they have been emplaced in a supra-subduction zone setting, probably the north dipping Nujiang suture zone. 40Ar/39Ar micas ages of the granite indicate that cooling below ~ 350 °C occurred between 105 and 85 Ma. 40Ar/39Ar K-feldspar data suggest a fast cooling event at 60-55 Ma, which we relate to the reactivation of the LMC suture zone as a thrust at the onset of the India-Eurasia collision. The last, and still active, deformation event corresponds to left-lateral strike-slip faulting along the ENE-WSW LMC fault.
ISSN: 1342-937X

hal-00660491
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00660491
DOI : 10.1016/j.gr.2011.07.026

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
A dense, local network of 30 geodetic markers covering a 50 × 60 km2 area in the southwestern European Alps (Briançon region) has been temporarily surveyed in 1996, 2006 and 2011 by GPS. The aim is to measure the current deformation in this seismically active area. The study zone is characterized by a majority of extensional and dextral focal mechanisms, along north–south to N160 oriented faults. The combined analysis of the three measurement campaigns over 15 years and up to 16 years of permanent GPS data from the French RENAG network now enables to assess horizontal velocities below 1 mm/year within the local network. The long observation interval and the redundancy of the dense campaign network measurement help to constrain a significant local deformation pattern in the Briançon region, yielding an average E–W extension of 16 ± 11 nanostrain/year. We compare the geodetic deformation field to the seismic deformation rate cumulated over 37 years, and obtain good coherencies both in amplitude and direction. Moreover, the horizontal deformation localized in the Briançon region represents a major part of the Adriatic-European relative plate motion. However, the average uplift of the network in an extensional setting needs the presence of buoyancy forces in addition to plate tectonics.
ISSN: 0264-3707

hal-01119724
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01119724
DOI : 10.1016/j.jog.2015.02.001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The Souttoufide belt is situated between the High-Atlas in the north, the Mauritanides in the south and the West African Craton as well as the Tindouf basin in the east. Thus, this belt is a part of the West African fold belt system which surrounds the West African Craton. Outcrops occur only in three areas, while the rest of the Souttoufide belt is covered by Meso- to Cenozoic sediments. These areas are, from the south to the north, the Adrar Souttouf Massif, the Smara Zemmour area, and the western part of the Anti-Atlas. Because of the continuing processing and numerous publications, the Anti-Atlas cannot be dealt with in detail. Fundamental geological work in both of the other areas was mainly done during the second third of the 20th century, followed by several decades of inactivity. Numerous studies were done in the Adrar Souttouf massif during the last decade, while the Smara-Zemmour area still remains poorly investigated. Most of them were focused on geochronological analyses and geochemistry. Accordingly, the obtained data led to a new interpretation. The Adrar Souttouf is interpreted as a Pan-African belt exhibiting a Neoproterozoic island arc reworked by the Variscan collision between the North American Craton (NAC) and the West African Craton (WAC). The Smara-Zemmour area is considered as the external part of this Variscan belt thrusted onto the Palaeozoic Tindouf basin. The western Anti-Atlas as considered as a Pan-African active margin reworked during the Variscan orogen. Together, these three areas, lead to the hypothesis of a Late Pan-African belt capped by the Early and Middle Palaeozoic covers and then affected by the Middle Carboniferous tectonic event (330 Ma) related to the Pangaean assembly. Correlations with adjacent belts (Mauritanides and Anti-Atlas) are considered.
ISSN: 0899-5362

hal-01382815
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01382815
DOI : 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2015.04.016

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
Anisotropy of low-field magnetic susceptibility (AMS) of basaltic lava flows can give some clues about post-emplacement tilting occurring in volcanic sequences. Such a study has been carried out on a sequence of 19 successive lava flows from Kerguelen Archipelago. Surprisingly, two different patterns were observed. The first one - herein called normal fabric - is consistent with the lava-flow direction inferred from geological observations, whereas the second one observed for about 70 per cent of the analysed samples - herein called abnormal fabric - appears to be unrelated to the shear history of the lava flows during their emplacements. These abnormal fabrics are not strictly inverse fabric but seem to have a more complex origin. The unusual nature of these abnormal fabrics has been confirmed by lattice preferred orientation of plagioclases obtained from high-resolution electron backscattered diffraction measurements. The aim of this study is to propose a physical interpretation of these fabrics. A first step in our understanding was to clearly identify the nature and the magnetic properties of the Fe-Ti oxides assemblage. Thus, we present a comprehensive rock magnetic analysis relying on low- and high-temperature thermomagnetic curves (K-T), crossover diagrams, first-order reversal curves, ore-microscopy, Mössbauer measurements and electron backscattered images. We found that in the present case the abnormal fabrics are probably linked to a mixture of prevailing single domain (SD) strongly interacting grains population and a subsidiary multidomain grains population. SD grains are identified as small magnetite crystallized within the interstitial glass in globular aggregates along the silicate framework. Then a question arises: to what extent such SD interacting grains in globular aggregates can affect the magnetic susceptibility and its anisotropy? To answer this question, we developed a physical model in which the total energy density of an SD grain with an uniaxial anisotropy is minimized. In this model, the distribution function of the direction of the magnetic interaction field is comprised between two boundary states. It is either isotropic, which formally corresponds to the thermal demagnetized state, or it is ordered, which formally corresponds to the Alternative Field demagnetized state. We show that in both cases the degree of anisotropy decreases as the interaction field increases. Thus, we conclude that the abnormal fabric encountered in this study can be simply explained by strong magnetostatic interactions that would explain the large scattering of AMS often observed in basaltic lava flows.
ISSN: 0956-540X

hal-00716449
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00716449
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00716449/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00716449/file/gji-S-12-HAL.pdf
DOI : 10.1111/J.1365-246X.2012.05421.X