Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD springer Link
Résumé : International audience
Experimental Astronomy

hal-01094521
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01094521
BIBCODE : 2014ExA...tmp...41R
DOI : 10.1007/s10686-014-9383-4
ARXIV : 1310.0696

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Aims: The aims of this study were to compare short-and long-term outcomes for clinical T2N0 oesophageal cancer with analysis of (i) primary surgery (S) versus neoadjuvant therapy plus surgery (NS), (ii) squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma subsets; and (iii) neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Methods: Data were collected from 30 European centres from 2000 to 2010. Among 2944 included patients, 355 patients (12.1%) had cT2N0 disease; 285 (S) and 70 (NS), were compared in terms of short-and long-term outcomes. Propensity score matching analyses were used to compensate for differences in baseline characteristics.Results: No significant differences between the groups were shown in terms of in hospital morbidity and mortality. Nodal disease was observed in 50% of S-group at the time of surgery, with 20% pN2/N3. Utilisation of neoadjuvant therapy was associated with significant tumour downstaging as reflected by increases in pT0, pN0 and pTNM stage 0 disease, this effect was further enhanced with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. After adjustment on propensity score and confounding factors, for all patients and subset analysis of squamous cell and adenocarcinoma, neoadjuvant therapy had no significant effect upon survival or recurrence (overall, loco-regional, distant or mixed) compared to surgery alone. There were no significant differences between neoadjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy in short-or long-term outcomes.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that a surgery alone treatment approach should be recommended as the primary treatment approach for cT2N0 oesophageal cancer despite 50% of patients having nodal disease at the time of surgery.
ISSN: 0959-8049

hal-01666517
https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01666517
DOI : 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.11.024

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
Coral reefs are among the most species-rich and threatened ecosystems on Earth, yet the extent to which human stressors determine species occurrences, compared with biogeography or environmental conditions, remains largely unknown. With ever-increasing human-mediated disturbances on these ecosystems, an important question is not only how many species can inhabit local communities, but also which biological traits determine species that can persist (or not) above particular disturbance thresholds. Here we show that human pressure and seasonal climate variability are disproportionately and negatively associated with the occurrence of large-bodied and geographically small-ranging fishes within local coral reef communities. These species are 67% less likely to occur where human impact and temperature seasonality exceed critical thresholds, such as in the marine biodiversity hotspot: the Coral Triangle. Our results identify the most sensitive species and critical thresholds of human and climatic stressors, providing opportunity for targeted conservation intervention to prevent local extinctions.
ISSN: 2041-1723

hal-01282870
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01282870
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01282870/document
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01282870/file/ncomms10491.pdf
DOI : 10.1038/ncomms10491

Éditeur(s) : Wiley-blackwell
Résumé : Marine bacteria are a rich source of bioactive metabolites. However, the microbial diversity of marine ecosystem still needs to be explored. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize bacteria with antimicrobial activities from various marine coastal environment of New Caledonia. We obtained 493 marine isolates from various environments and samples of which 63 (12.8%) presented an antibacterial activity against a panel of reference pathogenic strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis). Ten out of the most promising strains were cultured, fractionated and screened for antibacterial activity. Four of them (NC282, NC412, NC272 and NC120) showed at least an activity against reference and multidrug-resistant pathogenic strains and were found to belong to the genus Pseudoalteromonas, according to the 16S phylogenetic analysis. The NC282 strain does not belong to any described Pseudoalteromonas species and might be of interest for further chemical and biological characterization. These findings suggest that the identified strains may contribute to the discovery for new sources of antimicrobial substances to develop new therapies to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Letters In Applied Microbiology (0266-8254) (Wiley-blackwell), 2014-02 , Vol. 58 , N. 2 , P. 102-108

Droits : 2013 The Society for Applied Microbiology
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00174/28552/26994.pdf
DOI:10.1111/lam.12162
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00174/28552/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : Two peat sequences were sampled in the vicinity of the main mining districts of the Vosges Mountains: Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines and Plancher-les-Mines. Lead isotopic compositions and excess lead fluxes were calculated for each of these radiocarbon-dated sequences. Geochemical records are in very good agreement with the mining history of the area, well known over the last millennium. Except for an anomaly corresponding to the Middle Bronze Age which has not yet been resolved, there is no clear geochemical evidence of local metal production in the Vosges before the 10th century as excess lead deposition archived between 500 BC and 500 AD is attributed to long-range transport of polluted particulate matter. The approach described here can be applied to other mining districts where archaeological evidence is scarce or even lacking, but where past exploitation is suspected.
ISSN: 0375-6742

hal-00512409
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00512409
DOI : 10.1016/j.gexplo.2010.05.004

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
We report preliminary results of a seismological experiment, SEISMOTANZ'07, which consisted in the deployment of a local network (35 stations) in the East African Rift System (EARS), North Tanzania, during 6 months in 2007. We compare two earthquake sequences (Gelai and Manyara) occurring respectively in the southern end of the Kenya rift and in the North Tanzanian Divergence (NTD). Only distant of 150 km, their triggering mechanisms are different. None of the sequences depicts typical swarm or mainshock-aftershock patterns. They highlight the change in the magmatic/tectonic nature of the rift where the eastern branch of the EARS enters the Tanzanian craton. The similar shape and long-axis of the elongate sequences emphasize the preferred locus of active strain release along NE-SW discontinuities which probably root at depth into steep Proterozoic shear zones. At Gelai, the deformation is dominated by aseismic process involving slow slip on normal fault and dyke intrusion within the upper crust Calais_et_al_2008. The spatial and temporal earthquake distribution indicates a possible correlation between the Gelai crisis and the eruption of the nearby Oldoinyo Lengai volcano. At Manyara, the sequence is more uncommon, revealing a long-lasting seismic activity deepely rooted (20-35 km depth) possibly related to stress loading transmitted laterally. The yield stress envelope modelled from the depth frequency distribution of earthquakes in the NTD is consistent with the presence of a mafic lower crust and further supports the strength increase of the rifted crust from south Kenya to the NTD.
ISSN: 0899-5362

hal-00420599
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00420599
DOI : 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2009.09.005

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Ivyspring International Publisher
Résumé : International audience
Mullerian duct regression is a complex process which involves the AMH signalling pathway. We have previously demonstrated that besides AMH and its specific type II receptor (AMHRII), BMPR-IA and Smad5 are two essential factors implicated in this mechanism. Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 (Smad4) is a transcription factor and the common Smad (co-Smad) involved in transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signalling pathway superfamily. Since Smad4 null mutants die early during gastrulation, we have inactivated Smad4 in the Mullerian duct mesenchyme. Specific inactivation of Smad4 in the urogenital ridge leads to the partial persistence of the Mullerian duct in adult male mice. Careful examination of the urogenital tract reveals that the Mullerian duct retention is randomly distributed either on one side or both sides. Histological analysis shows a uterus-like structure, which is confirmed by the expression of estrogen receptor alpha. As previously described in a beta-catenin conditional mutant mouse model, beta-catenin contributes to Mullerian duct regression. In our mutant male embryos, it appears that beta-catenin expression is locally reduced along the urogenital ridge as compared to control mice. Moreover, the expression pattern is similar to those observed in control female mice. This study shows that reduced Smad4 expression disrupts the Wnt/beta-catenin signalling leading to the partial persistence of Mullerian duct
ISSN: 1449-2288

hal-01319890
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01319890
DOI : 10.7150/ijbs.12300
PUBMED : 27194944

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : absent
ISSN: 0962-1083

hal-01032206
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032206

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Poster
We deployed a temporary local seismic network in the North Tanzanian Divergence (NTD) for 6 months in 2007 (35 stations, SEISMOTANZ'07 experiment). The region is characterized by major changes in the magmatic/tectonic nature of the rift, at the place where the eastern branch of the East African Rift enters the Tanzanian craton. More than 200 earthquakes were accurately located south of Lake Manyara.
Iceland in the Central Northern Atlantic : hotspot, sea currents and climate change
Plouzané, France

hal-00482059
http://hal.univ-brest.fr/hal-00482059
http://hal.univ-brest.fr/hal-00482059/document
http://hal.univ-brest.fr/hal-00482059/file/poster_albaric.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Herbicides are generally the most extensively used of the pesticides applied to agricultural crops. However, the literature contains little evidence useful in assessing the potential sources of the general population's exposure to herbicides, including by residential proximity to crops.The objective of this study was to take advantage of data from the PELAGIE mother–child cohort to identify the main determinants of the body burden of exposure to the chloroacetanilide and triazine herbicides commonly used on corn crops in Brittany, France, before 2006. Urine samples from a randomly selected subcohort of women in the first trimester of pregnancy (n=579) were assayed for herbicide metabolites. The residential exposure resulting from proximity to corn crops was assessed with satellite-image-based scores combined with meteorological data. Data on diet, drinking tap water (from the public water supply), occupations, and household herbicide use were collected by questionnaires.Herbicides were quantified in 5.3% to 39.7% of urine samples. Alachlor and acetochlor were found most frequently in the urine of women living in rural areas. The presence of dealkylated triazine metabolites in urine samples was positively associated with residential proximity to corn crops (OR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.05–1.80). Urinary metabolites of both atrazine and dealkylated triazine were correlated with tap water consumption (OR=2.94, 1.09–7.90, and OR=1.82, 1.10–3.03, respectively); hydroxylated triazine metabolites were correlated with fish intake (OR=1.48, 1.09–1.99).This study reinforces previous results that suggest that environmental contamination resulting from agricultural activities may contribute to the general population's exposure to herbicides.
ISSN: 0160-4120

hal-01107546
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01107546
DOI : 10.1016/j.envint.2013.10.010
PUBMED : 24246238

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : absent
ISSN: 0962-1083

hal-01032205
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032205