Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
How do we learn to communicate: how do we come to language or how does language come to us? Would it be a question of adaptation to the world by the act of speaking as suggested by J. Bernicot 1 (1992); would man benefit first and foremost from a genetic patrimony that enabled him to make use of language, as N. Chomsky (1985) points out by asking the existence of a competence related to generative mechanisms? J. Bruner (1996) proposes the idea of an education likely to "adapt a culture to the needs of its members and to adapt its members and their ways of learning to the needs of culture". 2. A / Motivations and objects An approach to mother-child relationships (master's thesis in developmental psychology 3, Miehakanda, 1998) has given me the opportunity to highlight the mediation of play in the structuring of relationships between the child with academic difficulties and his parents. The specific framework of this research-action was that of the educational and therapeutic care of children attending primary school (CE1-CLIS-CLAD) 4. These seven children (three girls / four boys) who were reported for various personality and behavioral disorders all had a lack of self-esteem and self-esteem affecting their relationships with those around them (peers, teachers ...).
Comment apprenons-nous à communiquer : comment venons-nous au langage ou comment le langage vient-il à nous ? Serait-ce une question d'adaptation au monde par l'action de parler comme le suggère J. Bernicot 1 (1992) ; l'homme bénéficierait-il prioritairement d'un patrimoine génétique le disposant à faire usage du langage, comme l'indique N. Chomsky (1985) en posant l'existence d'une compétence reliée à des mécanismes génératifs ? J. Bruner (1996) propose l'idée d'une éducation susceptible «d'adapter une culture aux besoins de ses membres et d'adapter ses membres et leurs manières d'apprendre aux besoins de la culture» 2. A/ Motivations et objets Une approche des relations mères-enfants (mémoire de maîtrise de psychologie du développement 3 ; Miehakanda, 1998) m'a donné l'occasion de mettre en évidence la médiation du jeu dans la structuration des rapports entre l'enfant rencontrant des difficultés scolaires et ses parents. Le cadre spécifique de cette recherche-action était celui des prises en charge éducatives et thérapeutiques d'enfants scolarisés à l'école primaire (CE1-CLIS-CLAD) 4. Ces sept enfants (trois filles / quatre garçons) qui étaient signalés pour diverses formes de troubles de la personnalité et du comportement éprouvaient tous un manque de confiance en soi et d'estime de soi affectant leurs rapports avec leur entourage (pairs ; enseignants…).
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/tel-01658934

ISBN : Livre broché : ISBN-10: 3841633412 ISBN-13: 978-3841633415. 2015, pp 316
tel-01658934
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/tel-01658934

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BMJ Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
Objective The potential impact of environmental exposure to pyrethroid insecticides on child neurodevelopment has only just started to receive attention despite their widespread use. We investigated the associations between prenatal and childhood exposure to pyrethroid insecticides and behavioural skills in 6-year-olds. Methods The PELAGIE cohort enrolled 3421 pregnant women from Brittany, France between 2002 and 2006. 428 mothers were randomly selected for the study when their children turned 6, and 287 (67%) agreed to participate. Children's behaviour was assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Three subscales (prosocial behaviour, internalising disorders and externalising disorders) were considered. Five pyrethroid metabolites were measured in maternal and child urine samples collected between 6 and 19 gestational weeks and at 6 years of age, respectively. Logistic regression and reverse-scale Cox regression models were used to estimate the associations between SDQ scores and urinary pyrethroid metabolite concentrations, adjusting for organophosphate metabolite concentrations and potential confounders. Results Increased prenatal cis-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (DCCA) concentrations were associated with internalising difficulties (Cox p value=0.05). For childhood 3phenoxybenzoic acid (PBA) concentrations, a positive association was observed with externalising difficulties (Cox p value=0.04) and high ORs were found for abnormal or borderline social behaviour (OR 2.93, 95% CI 1.27 to 6.78, and OR 1.91, 95% CI 0.80 to 4.57, for the intermediate and highest metabolite categories, respectively). High childhood trans-DCCA concentrations were associated with reduced externalising disorders (Cox p value=0.03). Conclusions The present study suggests that exposure to certain pyrethroids, at environmental levels, may negatively affect neurobehavioral development by 6 years of age.
ISSN: 1351-0711

hal-01519255
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01519255
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01519255/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01519255/file/Behavioural%20disorders%20in%206-year-old%20children_JFViel_HAL.pdf
DOI : 10.1136/oemed-2016-104035

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Recent research has linked early life exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medications (SSRIs) to modifications of social behaviors in children. Serotonin is a key regulator of neurodevelopment, social behaviors and mental health, and with the growing use of SSRIs to treat maternal affective disorders during the perinatal period, questions have been raised about the benefits and risks of perinatal SSRI exposure on the developing child. This review will highlight how perinatal SSRIs affect maternal care and neurodevelopmental outcomes related to social affiliative behaviors in offspring; such as play behaviors, social interactions, reproductive behaviors, and maternal care of the next generation. We will also review how early life exposure to SSRIs can alter related neurobiology, and the epigenome. Both clinical research and findings from animal models will be discussed. Understanding the impact of perinatal SSRIs on neurobehavioral outcomes will improve the health and well-being of subsequent generations.
ISSN: 0149-7634

hal-01619303
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01619303
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01619303/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01619303/file/Perinatal%20selective%20serotonin%20reuptake%20inhibitor%20medication_revised.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.023

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BMJ Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
OBJECTIVES: Many women who work during pregnancy are occupationally exposed to toxicants. The developing central nervous system is highly vulnerable to neurotoxicants such as solvents. Although the neurotoxicity of solvents to adults is well established, very few studies have examined their effects on children's behaviour following prenatal exposure. METHODS: Women from the Perturbateurs endocriniens: Étude Longitudinale sur les Anomalies de la Grossesse, l'Infertilité et l'Enfance (PELAGIE) mother-child cohort (including 3005 working women) were recruited in Brittany (France) between 2002 and 2006, at the beginning of pregnancy, to assess occupational exposure to solvents at that time. Child behaviour was documented at age 2 by mothers (n=1278) assessing components of attention deficit/hyperactivity, aggression, opposition and emotionality. We used a multiple linear regression analysis to evaluate the association between occupational solvent exposure and children's behaviour. Complementary sensitivity analyses allowed us to handle missing data, due mostly to attrition. RESULTS: 20% of women reported occasional exposure and 31% regular exposure to solvents. Children prenatally exposed were more likely to have higher scores of attention deficit/hyperactivity and aggression, and dose-response relations were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The dose-response effect and the high prevalence of children potentially exposed to solvents from their mother's workplace exposure underline the public health relevance of this result. Our results should be replicated in further studies designed to identify which solvents are most deleterious and to assess child behaviour at school age.
ISSN: 1351-0711

inserm-00795043
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00795043
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00795043/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00795043/file/Occupationnal_solvent_exposure_child_behavior_HAL.pdf
DOI : 10.1136/oemed-2012-100892

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Introduction Evidence has accumulated that exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy may influence preterm birth (PTB) in urban settings. Conversely, this relation has barely been investigated in rural areas where individual characteristics (demographic, socioeconomic, and psychosocial factors) and environmental co-exposures may differ. Objective We examined the association between prenatal exposure to traffic-related air pollution and PTB among pregnant women from the PELAGIE mother–child cohort (Brittany, France, 2002–2006) living in urban (n=1550) and rural (n=959) settings. Methods Women’s residences were classified as either urban or rural according to the French census bureau rural–urban definitions. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations at home addresses were estimated from adjusted land-use regression models as a marker of traffic-related pollution. Associations between NO2 concentrations and PTB were assessed with logistic regression models. Results Prevalence of PTB was similar among women living in urban (3.2%) and in rural (3.5%) settings. More positive socioeconomic characteristics and health behaviors but more single-parent families were observed among urban women. NO2 exposure averaged 20.8±6.6 µg m−3 for women residing in urban areas and 18.8±5.6 µg m−3 for their rural counterparts. A statistically significant increased risk of PTB was observed among women exposed to NO2 concentrations ≥16.4 µg m−3 and residing in urban areas but not among their rural counterparts. Discussion The results of this study, conducted in a region with interspersed urban–rural areas, are in line with previous findings suggesting an increased risk of PTB associated with higher NO2 concentrations for women living in urban areas. The absence of association among their rural counterparts for whom exposure levels were similar suggests that environmental mixtures and psychosocial inequalities might play a role in this heterogeneity
ISSN: 0013-9351

hal-01165108
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01165108
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01165108/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01165108/file/Air%20pollution%20%26%20preterm%20birth%20PELAGIE_HAL-accepted.pdf
PUBMED : 26092808

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Ten to twenty percent of postpartum women experience anxiety or depressive disorders, which can have detrimental effects on the mother, child, and family. Little is known about the neural correlates of these affective disorders when they occur in mothers, but they do have unique neural profiles during the postpartum period compared with when they occur at other times in a woman's life. Given that the neural systems affected by postpartum anxiety and depression overlap and interact with the systems involved in maternal caregiving behaviors, mother–infant interactions are highly susceptible to disruption. Thus, there is an intricate interplay among maternal mental health, the mother–infant relationship, and the neurobiological mechanisms mediating them that needs to be the focus of future study.
ISSN: 0166-2236

hal-01452985
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01452985
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01452985/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01452985/file/The%20Neurobiology%20of%20Postpartum-Tins%20Manscript%20REVISED%20clean%201.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.tins.2016.11.009

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD NOVA PUBLISHER,
Résumé : International audience
This paper deals with language practices in nurseries and pre-elementary schools of Martinique. It is focused on the account of modalities concerning everyday interactions and more precisely language distortions that may occur during interactions between adults and children in those structures. The consideration of cultural diversity generated by language distortions is suggested here to be a prerequisite for the development of a reciprocal comprehension leading to adequate mastery of language behavior and learning among young children. This approach proposes new patterns within a didactic agreement considering adult and child differences.
CULTURAL DIVERSITY International Perspectives, Impacts on the Workplace and Educational Challenges,

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
ISBN : 978-1-63321-696-9.
hal-01658930
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01658930
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01658930/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01658930/file/Toward%20a%20culture%20of%20diversity.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Universitaires de France
Résumé : International audience
Cet article porte sur les pratiques langagières en cours dans les crèches et les écoles maternelles martiniquaises. Il s'intéresse au repère des modalités relatives aux interactions quotidiennes dans ces cadres et plus précisément aux distorsions langagières qui peuvent intervenir lors des échanges entre adultes et enfants. La prise en compte des diversités émanant des distorsions langagières pourrait constituer un préalable au développement d'une dynamique de compréhension réciproque nécessaire à la maîtrise des conduites langagières et à l'apprentissage chez les tout petits en Martinique. Ce texte propose de nouvelles modalités dans le cadre d'un contrat didactique respectueux des différences. Abstract This paper deals with language practices in nurseries and pre-elementary schools of Martinique. It is focused on the account of modalities concerning everyday interactions and more precisely language distortions that may occur during interactions between adults and children in those structures. The consideration of cultural diversity generated by language distortions is suggested here to be a prerequisite for the development of a reciprocal understanding leading to adequate mastery of linguistic behavior and learning among young children. This approach proposes new patterns within a didactic agreement considering adult and child differences.
ISSN: 0013-7545

hal-01658923
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01658923
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01658923/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01658923/file/VERS%20UNE%20CULTURE%20DE%20LA%20DIVERSITE.pdf
DOI : 10.4074/S0013754511004058

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Presses Universitaires de la Méditerranée
Résumé : International audience
My reflection is about language practices in nurseries and pre elementary schools of Martinique. I am interested by noticing modalities about daily interactions in those areas, particularly by intentional distortions we can find in adult and child exchanges. Taking in consideration diversity from collected distortions is in opinion a prerequisite to dynamic of a necessary reciprocal comprehension for maturation of language and learning behaviors among small children in Martinique. This work proposes new patterns in a didactic agreement considering adult and child diversities. This agreement must offer to pupils and teachers favorable conditions to an active reciprocal understanding. That is moreover a contribution to reflection on a linguistic politic in context of cultural diversity.
Ma réflexion porte sur les pratiques langagières en cours dans les crèches et les écoles maternelles martiniquaises. Je m'intéresse au repère des modalités relatives aux interactions quotidiennes dans ces espaces et plus précisément aux distorsions intentionnelles qui peuvent intervenir lors des échanges entre adultes et enfants. La prise en compte des diversités émanant des distorsions relevées constitue selon moi un préalable au développement d'une dynamique d'intercompréhension nécessaire à la maturation des conduites de langage et d'apprentissage parmi les tout petits en Martinique. Ce travail propose de nouvelles modalités dans le cadre d'un contrat didactique prenant en compte les diversités des enfants et des adultes. Ce contrat est appelé à offrir aux élèves et aux enseignants les conditions favorables à une intercompréhension active. Il s'agit par ailleurs d'apporter une contribution à la réflexion sur un politique linguistique inscrite dans un contexte de diversité culturelle.
ISSN: 2271-6092

hal-01658925
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01658925
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01658925/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01658925/file/DISTORSIONS%20DANS%20LES%20INTERACTIONS%20ADULTES%20ENFANTS.pdf