Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
This paper is concerned with the simultaneous null controllability with constraint on the control, for a system of coupled linear heat equations. First, we show that, by means of a change of variable, a system of two linear heat equations with a same control can be rewritten in the form of a system of linear heat equations with a control function acting only in one equation. Then, we establish an observability inequality, and we state an appropriate Carleman estimate adapted to the constraint that we use to prove the main result.
ISSN: 0096-3003

hal-01679125
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01679125
DOI : 10.1016/j.amc.2012.12.022

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer
Résumé : Third International Workshop, MLMI 2012, Held in Conjunction with MICCAI 2012
International audience
Universal Nearest Neighbours (unn) is a classifier recently proposed, which can also effectively estimates the posterior probability of each classification act. This algorithm, intrinsically binary, requires the use of a decomposition method to cope with multiclass problems, thus reducing their complexity in less complex binary subtasks. Then, a reconstruction rule provides the final classification. In this paper we show that the application of unn algorithm in conjunction with a reconstruction rule based on the posterior probabilities provides a classification scheme robust among different biomedical image datasets. To this aim, we compare unn performance with those achieved by Support Vector Machine with two different kernels and by a k Nearest Neighbours classifier, and applying two different reconstruction rules for each of the aforementioned classification paradigms. The results on one private and five public biomedical datasets show satisfactory performance.
Machine Learning in Medical Imaging
Nice, France

hal-00958909
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00958909
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00958909/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00958909/file/Miccai.pdf
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-35428-1_15

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : under revision for IJCV
International audience
The k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) classification rule has proven extremely successful in countless many computer vision applications. For example, image categorization often relies on uniform voting among the nearest prototypes in the space of descriptors. In spite of its good properties, the classic k-NN rule suffers from high variance when dealing with sparse prototype datasets in high dimensions. A few techniques have been proposed to improve k-NN classification, which rely on either deforming the nearest neighborhood relationship or modifying the input space. In this paper, we propose a novel boosting algorithm, called UNN (Universal Nearest Neighbors), which induces leveraged k-NN, thus generalizing the classic k-NN rule. We redefine the voting rule as a strong classifier that linearly combines predictions from the k closest prototypes. Weak classifiers are learned by UNN so as to minimize a surrogate risk. A major feature of UNN is the ability to learn which prototypes are the most relevant for a given class, thus allowing one for effective data reduction. Experimental results on the synthetic two-class dataset of Ripley show that such a filtering strategy is able to reject "noisy" prototypes. We carried out image categorization experiments on a database containing eight classes of natural scenes. We show that our method outperforms significantly the classic k-NN classification, while enabling significant reduction of the computational cost by means of data filtering.
ISSN: 0920-5691

hal-00481712
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00481712
DOI : 10.1007/s11263-012-0539-2
ARXIV : 1001.1221

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : The Voronoi diagram of a finite set of objects is a fundamental geometric structure that subdivides the embedding space into regions, each region consisting of the points that are closer to a given object than to the others. We may define many variants of Voronoi diagrams depending on the class of objects, the distance functions and the embedding space. In this paper, we investigate a framework for defining and building Voronoi diagrams for a broad class of distance functions called Bregman divergences. Bregman divergences include not only the traditional (squared) Euclidean distance but also various divergence measures based on entropic functions. Accordingly, Bregman Voronoi diagrams allow to define information-theoretic Voronoi diagrams in statistical parametric spaces based on the relative entropy of distributions. We define several types of Bregman diagrams, establish correspondences between those diagrams (using the Legendre transformation), and show how to compute them efficiently. We also introduce extensions of these diagrams, e.g. k-order and k-bag Bregman Voronoi diagrams, and introduce Bregman triangulations of a set of points and their connexion with Bregman Voronoi diagrams. We show that these triangulations capture many of the properties of the celebrated Delaunay triangulation. Finally, we give some applications of Bregman Voronoi diagrams which are of interest in the context of computational geometry and machine learning.
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00137865

Report N° : RR-6154
inria-00137865
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00137865
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00137865v2/document
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00137865/file/bregman.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The number of satellites and sensors devoted to Earth observation has become increasingly elevated, delivering extensive data, especially images. At the same time, the access to such data and the tools needed to process them has considerably improved. In the presence of such data flow, we need automatic image interpretation methods, especially when it comes to the monitoring and prediction of environmental and societal changes in highly dynamic socio-environmental contexts. This could be accomplished via artificial intelligence. The concept described here relies on the induction of classification rules that explicitly take into account structural knowledge, using Aleph, an Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) system, combined with a multi-class classification procedure. This methodology was used to monitor changes in land cover/use of the French Guiana coastline. One hundred and fifty-eight classification rules were induced from 3 diachronic land cover/use maps including 38 classes. These rules were expressed in first order logic language, which makes them easily understandable by non-experts. A 10-fold cross-validation gave significant average values of 84.62%, 99.57% and 77.22% for classification accuracy, specificity and sensitivity, respectively. Our methodology could be beneficial to automatically classify new objects and to facilitate object-based classification procedures.
ISSN: 0098-3004

hal-01369822
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01369822
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01369822/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01369822/file/CAGEO-D-13-00538R1_article.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.cageo.2014.08.013

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
In this paper, using the penalty method in conjunction with graph-convergence, we study the existence of solutions for a class of generalized variational inequalities with variational problem constraints. Our results extend, improve and develop some known results in this field. Our method of proofs is very simple and does not use the hemicontinuity nor the pseudo-continuity properties of monotone operators.
ISSN: 1862-4472

hal-00776643
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00776643
DOI : 10.1007/s11590-010-0271-1

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD IRD
Résumé : International audience
The number of satellites and remote sensing sensors devoted to earth observation becomes increasingly high, providing more and more data and especially images. In the same time the access to such a data and to the tools to process them has been considerably improved. In the presence of such data flow - and regarding the necessity to follow up and predict environmental and societal changes in highly dynamic socio-environmental contexts - we need automatic image interpretation methods. This could be accomplished by exploring some strengths of artificial intelligence. Our main idea consists in inducing classification rules that explicitly take into account structural knowledge, using Aleph, an Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) system. We applied our proposed methodology to three land cover/use maps of the French Guiana littoral. One hundred and forty six classification rules were induced for the 39 land-cover classes of the maps. These rules are expressed in first order logic language which make them intelligible and interpretable by non-experts. A ten-fold cross validation gave average values for classification accuracy, specificity and sensibility equal to, respectively, 98.82 %, 99.65% and 70%. The proposed methodology could be valuably exploited to automatically classify new objects and/or help operators using object-based classification procedures.
Symposium of the Latin American Society for Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Systems (SELPER)
Cayenne, French Guiana

ird-00797337
http://hal.ird.fr/ird-00797337
http://hal.ird.fr/ird-00797337/document
http://hal.ird.fr/ird-00797337/file/Bayoudh_et_al_2012_FP_SELPER-086.pdf
IRD : fdi:010058343

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Suriname is the smallest country in South America. However, in regional academic literature, it has been repeatedly considered one of the largest Caribbean territories for many years (Best 1967; Granger 2008). This territory is generally included in the socio-historical group of the three Guianas (Lézy 2000), or the bio-geographical group of the Guiana Plateau. Additionally, Suriname is frequently considered part of the insular Caribbean (Girvan 2005). The latter consideration implies a geographical paradox that is twofold. In fact, Suriname, French Guiana and Guyana are not directly bordered by the Caribbean Sea. Moreover, like Belize, which is also commonly included in the Caribbean island group, Suriname is not an island in the strict sense of the word, i.e. land surrounded by water, based on the restricted definition of the term. Nevertheless, the Caribbean cannot be defined today on the sole basis of a deterministic relationship with the sea bearing the same name. Further, research conducted on insularity increasingly demonstrates the limitations of the physical nature of the island, in favour of feelings of belonging, alienation, etc. (Taglioni 2003).
Caribbean Atlas

hal-01244081
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01244081
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01244081/document
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01244081/file/Suriname.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Université des Antilles
Résumé : International audience
ISSN: 1779-0980

hal-01624741
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01624741
DOI : 10.4000/etudescaribeennes.381

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Universites de L'ouest
Résumé : International audience
Lors du dernier contrat de plan Etat-Région, le Conseil régional de Midi-Pyrénées a opté pour une procédure originale avec la mise en place des contrats de développement reposant sur une nouvelle dimension territoriale: le "terroir".L'aménagement actuel de l'espace régional s'organise autour de trois démarches complémentaires donnant lieu à des contrats spécifiques en fonction des types de territoires. Le premier voler concerne la métropole toulousaine qui fait l'object d'une contractualisation spécifique. Viennent ensuite les contrats d'agglomération qui concernent les villes moyennes de la région, c'est-à-dire les préfectures des différents départements et quelques villes secondaires. Enfin, pour soutenir l'aménagement des campagnes et le développement de ces territoires, la Région met en place ces fameux contrats de terroirs.
ISSN: 0029-182X

hal-01406645
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01406645
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01406645/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01406645/file/1999%20Des%20contrats%20de%20terroirs%20pour%20les%20Pays%20de%20la%20Gascogne%20gersoise.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
In this paper, we investigate image segmentation by region merging. Given any similarity measure between regions , satisfying some weak constraints, we give a general predicate for answering if two regions are to be merged or not during the segmentation process. Our predicate is generic and has six properties. The first one is its inde-pendance with respect to the similarity measure, that leads to a user-independant and adaptative predicate. Second, it is non-parametric, and does not rely on any assumption concerning the image. Third, due to its weak constraints, knowledge may be included in the predicate to fit better to the user's behaviour. Fourth, provided the similarity is well-chosen by the user, we are able to upperbound one type of error made during the image segmentation. Fifth, it does not rely on a particular segmentation algorithm and can be used with almost all region-merging algorithms in various application domains. Sixth, it is calculated quickly, and can lead with appropriated algorithms to very efficient segmentation.
10th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence
Taipei, Taiwan

lirmm-01168371
https://hal-lirmm.ccsd.cnrs.fr/lirmm-01168371
https://hal-lirmm.ccsd.cnrs.fr/lirmm-01168371/document
https://hal-lirmm.ccsd.cnrs.fr/lirmm-01168371/file/FioNocICTAI98_Image%20Segmentation%20Using.pdf
DOI : 10.1109/TAI.1998.744885

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
We study the convergence of the Mann Iteration applied to the partial complement of a firmly nonexpansive operator with respect to a linear subspace of a Hilbert space. A new concept considered here. A regularized version is also proposed. Furthermore, to motivate this concept, some applications to robust regression procedures and location problems are proposed.
ISSN: 1862-4472

hal-00776655
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00776655
DOI : 10.1007/s11590-009-0172-3

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Université des Antilles
Résumé : International audience
Develop tourism as a tool in the fight against poverty requires first to agree on the meaning of the word poverty and to clarify the political intentions of the project. Reflection on the reduction of poverty through the tourism can be synthesized in three steps: first, the beneficial effects of runoff from tourist revenues in host societies, then the collateral damage resulting from tourism and, finally, to define the conditions necessary to integrate positively tourism project in the host territories.In the end, it is indispensable to develop a proactive policy, because the poorest will not benefit from famous income runoff. Taking into account complex and contradictory impact of international tourism (including inflation, revenue leakage, deconstruction accelerated of local societies), it is necessary to include it in a sustained and coherent territorial project by local communities to identify real benefits.
Concevoir le tourisme comme un outil de lutte contre la pauvreté nécessite en premier lieu de s’entendre sur le sens du mot pauvreté et de clarifier les intentions politiques d’un tel projet. La réflexion sur la réduction de la pauvreté grâce au tourisme peut être synthétisée en trois temps : tout d’abord, les effets bénéfiques du ruissellement des revenus touristiques dans les sociétés d’accueil, ensuite les dommages collatéraux qui résultent du tourisme et, finalement, définir les conditions nécessaires pour intégrer favorablement le projet touristique dans les territoires hôtes. Au final, il apparaît indispensable de développer une politique volontariste, car le fameux ruissellement de revenus ne va pas naturellement profiter aux plus démunis. Compte tenu des impacts complexes et contradictoires du tourisme international (notamment en matière d’inflation, de fuites des revenus, de déstructuration accélérée des sociétés locales), il faut l’inscrire dans un projet d’un territorial cohérent et soutenu par les communautés locales afin de dégager de réels bénéfices.
ISSN: 1779-0980

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/
hal-01368491
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01368491
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01368491/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01368491/file/tourisme-et-lutte-contre-la-pauvrete-opportunites-et-defis.pdf
DOI : 10.4000/etudescaribeennes.6601

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Université des Antilles
Résumé : International audience
The Caribbean Sea is emblematic of the cruise, it is known for its international routes, scenic postcards touting the charms of the region. The analysis of the cruise industry will highlight some limits and contradictions of current development patterns. The product "cruise" has evolved considerably. It’s now the cruise ship itself (temple of consumption and enclave floating) that became the object of the Cruise, the “Destination” of the cruise line.The cruise is part of mass tourism. It’s characterized by its huge boats, rationalization and cost optimization in the context of a market increasingly globalized capital. All data that must be analyzed to understand recent developments in the cruise and repeated challenges to the host territories.
El Mar Caribe es un emblema de la travesía. Esta conocido por sus rutas internacionales, postales escénicas explicando en detalle los encantos de la región. El análisis de la industria de los cruceros pondrán de relieve algunos límites y contradicciones de los patrones actuales de desarrollo. El producto "crucero" ha evolucionado considerablemente. Ahora es el crucero en sí (el templo del consumo y el enclave flotante) que se convirtió en el objeto del Crucero, el Destino "de la línea de cruceros. El crucero es parte del turismo de masas. Se caracteriza por sus grandes barcos, la racionalización y optimización de costes en el contexto de un mercado de capitales cada vez más globalizado. Todos los datos que se deben analizar para comprender la evolución reciente en el crucero y constantes desafíos a los territorios de acogida.
La mer des Caraïbes est un espace emblématique de la croisière. Au-delà de la réputation mondiale de ses destinations, des cartes postales qui vantent les charmes de la région, l’analyse de l’industrie de la croisière permet de souligner certaines limites et contradictions des modalités de développement actuelles. Le produit « croisière » a considérablement évolué : désormais c’est le paquebot en lui-même (temple de la consommation et enclave flottante) qui est devenu la destination du croisiériste. Ouverture au tourisme de masse, gigantisme des bateaux, rationalisation et optimisation des coûts dans le cadre d’un marché de plus en plus globalisé et capitalistique sont autant de données qui doivent être analysées pour comprendre l’évolution récente de la croisière et les défis renouvelés pour les territoires d’accueil.
ISSN: 1779-0980

hal-01624772
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01624772
DOI : 10.4000/etudescaribeennes.3843

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Université des Antilles
Résumé : International audience
ISSN: 1779-0980

hal-01624738
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01624738
DOI : 10.4000/etudescaribeennes.3383

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
We use the low-regret notion of Lions for the control of a class of singular distributed systems: the ill-posed problems. A regularization approach is applied to the backwards heat equation, and we obtain a problem of incomplete data, for which the method of Nakoulima et al. is developed. Passing to the limit, a singular optimality system is obtained for the low-regret control of the original problem without any Slater hypothesis.
ISSN: 0893-9659

hal-00763938
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00763938
DOI : 10.1016/j.aml.2003.04.006

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
8th Congress of the International Society for Analysis, its Applications, and Computation
Moscou, Russia

hal-01529545
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01529545

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Résumé : A specific breeding goal definition was developed for Creole goats in Guadeloupe. This local breed is used for meat production. To ensure a balanced selection outcome, the breeding objective included two production traits, live weight (BW11) and dressing percentage (DP) at 11 months (the mating or selling age), one reproduction trait, fertility (FER), and two traits to assess animal response to parasite infection: packed cell volume (PCV), a resilience trait, and faecal worm eggs count (FEC), a resistance trait. A deterministic bio-economic model was developed to calculate the economic values based on the description of the profit of a Guadeloupean goat farm. The farm income came from the sale of animals for meat or as reproducers. The main costs were feeding and treatments against gastro-intestinal parasites. The economic values were 7.69€ per kg for BW11, 1.38€ per % for FER, 3.53€ per % for DP and 3 × 10(-4)€ per % for PCV. The economic value for FEC was derived by comparing the expected profit and average FEC in a normal situation and in an extreme situation where parasites had developed resistance to anthelmintics. This method yielded a maximum weighting for FEC, which was -18.85€ per log(eggs per gram). Alternative scenarios were tested to assess the robustness of the economic values to variations in the economic and environmental context. The economic values of PCV and DP were the most stable. Issues involved in paving the way for selective breeding on resistance or resilience to parasites are discussed.
ISSN: 1751-7311

hal-01000063
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01000063
DOI : 10.1017/S1751731112001413
PUBMED : 23031546

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD La Documentation Francaise
Résumé : International audience
Les Parcs naturels Régionaux (PNR) français créés en 1967 constituent des laboratoires pour la mise en œuvre d'un développement durable avant la lettre. Ils ont en effet expérimenté divers modes de valorisation et de conservation des patrimoines naturel et culturel de leurs territoires, dont le marquage de produits et de services territorialement ancrés. À ce titre, ils sont l'objet d'un intérêt renouvelé au niveau international et apparaissent comme un modèle possible de gestion des aires protégées et de valorisation de la biodiversité, notamment pour les pays du Sud. Nous étudions les impacts en termes de développement local durable de la mise en œuvre des marques " Parc Naturel régional ", à partir de l'exemple du PNR des Grands-Causses, un territoire rural de moyenne montagne situé au Sud de la France. Notre ancrage analytique - l'économie de proximités - nous conduit à privilégier la dimension " sociale " de la durabilité en nous intéressant tout particulièrement aux impacts du marquage en termes d'action collective. Il nous permet d'identifier des éléments clés de la réussite d'une telle politique et de son applicabilité dans des contextes différents, en particulier dans des pays en développement.
ISSN: 0002-0478

hal-00982857
https://hal-agroparistech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00982857
DOI : 10.3917/afco.222.0149

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : This paper studies the implications of fi…sh search activities on the working of …fisheries. We develop a simple …shery matching modelin which …rms’ stochastic search for …sh requires speci…fic resources.The equilibrium level of anthropic pressure (number of empty ves-sels/conserved …sh stock) exerted by …rms on the …sh stock is derivedfrom their individual pro…t maximizing behavior. Anthropic pressuredetermines in turn the rate at which vessels fi…nd fi…sh i.e. catchability,which is therefore endogenous in our model, and the stock conserva-tion (uncaught …sh) rate, through the dynamic equation of the latter.We then show that under open access, equilibrium anthropic pressure,…fishing effort and the conservation rate heavily depend on search costs.An empirical study of the French Guiana shrimp …shery con…rms theability of the model to reproduce empirical data.
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01228851

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
hal-01228851
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01228851
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01228851/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01228851/file/Nicolas%20Sanz%20%26Bassirou%20Diop.pdf