Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD International Medical Press
Résumé : International audience
Background: Although the role of clinical/biological factors associated with mortality has already been explored in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART), to date little attention has been given to the potential role of social vulnerability. This study aimed to construct an appropriate measure of social vulnerability and to evaluate whether this measure is predictive of increased mortality risk in ART-treated patients followed up in the ANRS CO8 APROCO-COPILOTE cohort.Methods: The cohort enrolled 1,281 patients initiating a protease inhibitor-based regimen in 1997–1999. Clinical/laboratory data were collected every 4 months. Self-administered questionnaires collected psycho-social/behavioural characteristics at enrolment (month [M] 0), M4 and every 8–12 months thereafter. A multiple correspondence analysis using education, employment and housing indicators helped construct a composite indicator measuring social vulnerability. The outcome studied was all-cause deaths occurring after M4. The relationship between social vulnerability and mortality, after adjustment for other predictors, was studied using a shared-frailty Cox model, taking into account informative study dropout.Results: Over a median (IQR) follow-up of 7.9 (3.0–11.2) years, 121 deaths occurred among 1,057 eligible patients, corresponding to a mortality rate (95% CI) of 1.64 (1.37, 1.96)/100 person-years. Leading causes of death were non-AIDS defining cancers (n=26), AIDS (n=23) and cardiovascular diseases (n=12). Social vulnerability (HR [95% CI] =1.2 [1.0, 1.5]) was associated with increased mortality risk, after adjustment for other known behavioural and bio-medical predictors.Conclusions: Social vulnerability remains a major mortality predictor in ART-treated patients. A real need exists for innovative interventions targeting individuals cumulating several sources of social vulnerability, to ensure that social inequalities do not continue to lead to higher mortality.
ISSN: 1359-6535

hal-01299300
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01299300
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01299300/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01299300/file/Twelve-year%20mortality%20in%20HIV-infected%20patients_accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.3851/IMP2960

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
French Guiana is a South American French territory, where HIV prevalence consistently exceeds 1% in the adult population. In the only correctional facility, HIV prevalence fluctuates at around 4%.
After describing the population of HIV-positive inmates, we aimed to evaluate mortality after release from the correctional facility, and to identify its predictive factors.
Outside North American settings, data on treatment outcome and vital status of HIV-positive former inmates are scarce. There were no data in French Guiana. Filling this gap represents a basis for potential improvements.
All HIV-infected adults released from an incarceration of 30 days or more, between 2007 and 2013, were enrolled in a retrospective cohort study. Mortality was described over time, one to seven years following release, using Kaplan-Meier estimates. Factors associated with mortality were identified through a non-parametric survival regression model.
147 former inmates were included. The male to female ratio was 4.4. The median age was 37.3 years. The majority were migrants, 25.8% were homeless, 70.1% suffered from substance abuse, with 34.0% of crack-cocaine users. On admission, 78.1% had an early HIV-stage infection (CDC-stage A), with a median CD4 count of 397.5/mm3, 34.0% had one comorbidity, mainly hypertension. Upon release, 50.3% were on ART. Reasons for not being treated were not fulfilling the criteria for 74.6%, and refusing for 15.1%. Before release, 84.5% of the patients on ART had a viral load≤200cp/ml. After release, 8.2% of the cohort had died, with a crude incidence of 33.8/1000 person-years. All recorded deaths were males, with an incidence of 42.2/1000 person-years. Comparing with the age-specific mortality rates for males in French Guiana, the standardized mortality ratio was 14.8. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with death were age and CD4 count before release.
Despite access to ART while incarcerated, with good virological outcome, the post-release mortality was very high for males, almost 15 times what is observed in the general male population living in French Guiana, after age standardization. Access to ART in correctional facilities may be a necessary, but not sufficient condition to protect male inmates from death after release.
ISSN: 1932-6203

inserm-01519987
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01519987
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01519987/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01519987/file/2017%2C%20Huber%20-%20Mortality%20HIV%20prisoners%20after%20release.pdf
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0175740.t002

Résumé : Notre étude s’est proposée d’analyser l’incidence du paludisme et son évolution dans le temps et dans l’espace, ainsi que de rechercher les facteurs de risque d’accès palustres chez les enfants d’un village du Moyen-Oyapock (Camopi), peuplé d’Amérindiens wayampi et émerillon, d’une part, et d’un village du Haut-Maroni (Antecume Pata), peuplé d’Amérindiens wayana, d’autre part. L’approche a été multiple avec, pour chacun des deux sites d’étude :- Une analyse de survie (modèle de Cox) à partir des accès palustres confirmés biologiquement dans une cohorte d’enfants de moins de sept ans régulièrement suivis, ainsi qu’un questionnaire de type Connaissances, Attitudes et Pratiques (CAP), puis les caractéristiques des habitats et la description de leur environnement immédiat.- Une analyse spatiale avec une classification de l’occupation du sol à partir d’images satellites SPOT 5, l’extraction de variables environnementales d’intérêt, l’étude de leur effet sur la transmission du paludisme et la mise au point d’une méthode objective de sélection d’un rayon d’observation autour des habitations pour la caractérisation de l’environnement.- Une étude de séries temporelles (ARIMA) afin de déterminer l’effet des évènements climatiques et hydrologiques sur le paludisme, aux niveaux local et plus global (El Niño).Les taux d’incidence d’accès palustres sur la période 2001-2009 se sont révélés particulièrement élevés chez les jeunes enfants, notamment à Camopi avec une moyenne de 773‰ par année. Une diminution brutale de l’incidence a eue lieu en 2007 sur le Haut-Maroni et ce phénomène est observé à Camopi depuis 2010. Une prémunition se développe assez rapidement au cours de la vie (2-3 ans), surtout contre les reviviscences à Plasmodium vivax. Les facteurs environnementaux se sont avérés être les plus nombreux et les plus fortement liés à l’incidence palustre. En effet, le dégagement des alentours du carbet de toute végétation et une certaine distance de celui-ci à la forêt sont des facteurs protecteurs. La composante géographique est également apparue essentielle à Camopi avec une incidence qui variait selon le fleuve d’habitation et en fonction de la distance au hameau principal. Les facteurs météorologiques locaux (température et niveau du fleuve) se sont également révélés être liés à l’incidence du paludisme à court terme (0-3 mois). Par ailleurs, nos résultats ont permis d’émettre un certain nombre d’hypothèses quant à la transmission et au(x) vecteur(s) local(ux), et notamment de suggérer la participation d’un vecteur autre qu’An. darlingi dans la transmission du paludisme à Camopi. Nous avons également prouvé par ce travail que la télédétection et les systèmes d’information géographique sont très prometteurs pour la prise en compte de la dimension spatiale et environnementale dans l’étude des maladies transmissibles, notamment dans les zones d’accès difficile de Guyane.
The aim of our study was to analyze the incidence of malaria in children and its evolution through time and space, as well as to search for risk factors in a village in Mid-Oyapock (Camopi), populated by Amerindians Wayampi and Emerillon, on the one hand, and a village in Upper-Maroni (Antecume Pata), populated by Amerindians Wayana, on the other hand. The approach was multiple with, for both study sites:- A survival analysis (Cox modelling) completed out of biologically confirmed malaria attacks in a cohort of children under seven, as well as a Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices and Behavior (KAPB) questionnaire, and also the characteristics of the houses and the description of their immediate environment.- A spatial analysis with a land cover classification from SPOT 5 satellite images, the extraction of environmental variables, the study of their effect on malaria transmission and the development of an objective method for picking the proper observation horizon around houses in order to characterize the environment.- A time series study (ARIMA) to determine the effect of climatic and hydrological events on malaria at local and global (El Niño) scales.The incidence rates of malaria attacks during the period 2001-2009 were particularly high among young children, especially in Camopi with an average of 773‰ by year. A sharp decline in incidence occurred in 2007 on the Upper Maroni and this phenomenon has been observed in Camopi since 2010. An acquired immunity develops quite rapidly during the life (2-3 years old), especially against P. vivax relapses. Environmental factors were found to be the most strongly associated with malaria incidence. Indeed, living in a hut cleared from the surrounding vegetation and at a larger distance from the forest are protective factors. The geographic component also appeared essential in Camopi with an incidence which varied with the river of living and with the distance from the main hamlet. The local meteorological factors (temperature and river level) also proved to be linked to malaria incidence in the short term (0-3 months). Moreover, our results have allowed issuing a number of assumptions about the transmission and the local vector(s), in particular to suggest the involvement of another vector than An. darlingi in the malaria transmission in Camopi. We also proved by this work that remote sensing and geographic information systems hold great promise for the inclusion of the spatial and environmental dimensions in the study of transmitted diseases, especially in areas of difficult access in French Guiana.

http://www.theses.fr/2011AGUY0448/document

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Endocrine Society
Résumé : International audience
The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) paradigm is one of the most rapidly expanding areas of biomedical research. Environmental stressors that can impact on DOHaD encompass a variety of environmental and occupational hazards as well as deficiency and oversupply of nutrients and energy. They can disrupt early developmental processes and lead to increased susceptibility to disease/dysfunctions later in life. Presentations at the fourth Conference on Prenatal Programming and Toxicity in Boston, in October 2014, provided important insights and led to new recommendations for research and public health action. The conference highlighted vulnerable exposure windows that can occur as early as the preconception period and epigenetics as a major mechanism than can lead to disadvantageous "reprogramming" of the genome, thereby potentially resulting in transgenerational effects. Stem cells can also be targets of environmental stressors, thus paving another way for effects that may last a lifetime. Current testing paradigms do not allow proper characterization of risk factors and their interactions. Thus, relevant exposure levels and combinations for testing must be identified from human exposure situations and outcome assessments. Testing of potential underpinning mechanisms and biomarker development require laboratory animal models and in vitro approaches. Only few large-scale birth cohorts exist, and collaboration between birth cohorts on a global scale should be facilitated. DOHaD-based research has a crucial role in establishing factors leading to detrimental outcomes and developing early preventative/remediation strategies to combat these risks
ISSN: 0013-7227

hal-01187409
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01187409
DOI : 10.1210/EN.2015-1350
PUBMED : 26241067

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a complex and progressive disease that involves cycles of liver cell death, inflammation, and tissue regeneration/remodelling. Chemokines and chemokine receptors play numerous and integral roles in the disease progression of HCC. Here we investigated the novel chemokine receptor CXCR7/RDC1 in HCC progression, its two known ligands CXCL12 and CXCL11, as well as the other CXCL12 receptor, CXCR4. Our results show that in a cohort of 408 human HCCs, CXCR7 and CXCL11 were significantly higher in tumours compared to normal liver controls (5- and 10-fold, respectively). Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining on human HCC sections confirmed that both CXCL11 and CXCR7 were much higher in cancer tissues. Furthermore, IHC staining revealed that CXCR7 protein was only expressed in endothelial cells whereas CXCL11 exhibited a much broader tissue expression. At the cellular level we observed that in vitro, human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) up-regulated CXCR7 under hypoxic and acidic pH conditions, which are well known characteristics of the HCC tumour micro-environment. As for its ligand, we observed that IFNγ robustly induced CXCL11 in hepatic stellate cells, hepatocytes, and HMEC-1s. In addition, in the mouse Diethylnitrosamine model of hepatocarcinogenesis we observed a very strong induction of CXCR7 and CXCL11 transcripts, confirming that CXCR7/CXCL11 up-regulation is conserved between human and mice liver cancer. Altogether, our results strongly support the hypothesis that the CXCL11/CXCR7 pathway is involved HCC progression.
ISSN: 0959-8049

hal-00682463
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00682463
DOI : 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.06.044
PUBMED : 21778049

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Exposure to solvents during pregnancy has long been suspected to increase the risk of congenital malformations. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are enzymes essential for the detoxification of various chemicals. Our objective here was to assess whether GST polymorphisms might modify the association between maternal solvent exposure and the risk of birth defects. A prospective cohort included 3421 pregnant women in Brittany, France (2002-2006). Occupational exposure to solvents was assessed from a job-exposure matrix. Congenital malformations were diagnosed among livebirths, stillbirths, and medical pregnancy terminations. Using a nested case-control design, 32 babies with major birth defects were compared to 348 normal births for babies' cord blood genotypes (at GSTT1 and GSTM1) and maternal occupational solvent exposure. Logistic models were used to adjust for potential confounders. The risk of major defects increased significantly in women with solvent exposure (20% of controls and 34% of cases). Frequencies of the null genotype of both the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes were similar among controls and cases. There was a significantly increased risk of birth defects in GSTM1 not-null cord-blood genotype in pregnancies exposed to solvents (odds ratio [OR], 1.0 for not-null, not-exposed; OR, 4.0 for not-null, exposed; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-11.2; OR, 1.6 for null, not-exposed; 95% CI, 0.6-3.9; OR, 1.0 for null, exposed; 95% CI, 0.2-4.7; p = 0.05). This nested case-control study suggests that the child's GSTM1 genotype modifies the risk of major birth defects among offspring of solvent-exposed women. Replication and additional investigations are necessary to confirm and elucidate these findings.
ISSN: 1542-0752

hal-00875957
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875957
DOI : 10.1002/bdra.23018
PUBMED : 22570144

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Publié en septembre 2013 dans le "Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction" vol.42 n°5 p.413-444
We review the epidemiological literature on the possible impact of chemical and physical factors on pregnancy outcome. Effects of in-utero exposures on child health are not considered here. The highest levels of evidence concern the effects of passive smoking (on fetal growth), of lead (pregnancy-induced hypertension, fetal growth), of some Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB; on fetal growth) and, to a lesser extent, of atmospheric pollutants (on fetal growth and preterm delivery). For the other compounds, in particular non-persistent chemicals, the literature, which is generally based on poor exposure assessment, is less informative. In conclusion, the last decades have witnessed the development of mother-child cohorts in which exposure biomarkers have been assayed, allowing a large number of publications. For some persistent compounds, for which efficient exposure assessment approaches have been used, the literature indicates a likely impact on pregnancy outcomes. With the exception of air pollutants, the literature on non-persistent compounds is little conclusive; the assay of exposure biomarkers in repeated biological samples collected at relevant time points could help further increase knowledge regarding any health impact.
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00916684

hal-00916684
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00916684
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00916684/document
DOI : 10.1016/j.jgyn.2013.02.012

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
We focus on some French BTS (Brevet de Technicien Supérieur / Advanced Technician Certificate), namely tourism and assistant manager, which are two important diplomas for the local development and in which microeconomic and management sciences plays a great part. The French BTS is a short Vocational Diploma prepared in two years after the “baccalauréat”, with national programs and evaluation criteria.The successful candidates are supposed to be immediately employable, especially in their local geographical environment. Thus, there exists a paradox between the national definition of the diploma and the local contexts of teaching and (supposed) professional integration. However, the professional traineeship plays a great part in this diploma. For this reason, it seems interesting to investigate how the conception of students evolve, with respect to the aforementioned paradox, during and after professional traineeship. For this purpose, questionnaire surveys have been carried out at various moment of the scholar during two years (two cohorts).The main results can be summarized as follows. The professional traineeship is positively perceived by the students at the beginning of the training. They consider it as very important for the development of professional skills. Over time, this positive representation progresses homogeneously. The students are convinced ofthe efficiency of professional traineeship: their professional project strengthened but, they also realize that their professional future will not necessarily be in Guadeloupe. This is probably linked with a better representation of the economic situation of Guadeloupe and shows, as excepted, that the context of the professional traineeship modifies the representation of students. For the BTS assistant manager, we specially note a degradation of the representation of the profession of assistant manager, whereas this training’s choice was realized with conviction.
20th GENERAL ASSEMBLY AND BIENNAL MEETING “ Biodiversity, Energy, Risks and Health from scientific knowledge to the emergence of innovative development strategies in the Caribbean”
Deshaies, Guadeloupe

hal-01535042
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01535042

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
UNLABELLED: ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) have recently emerged as possible tools to discover therapeutic targets and biomarkers for new therapies including immunotherapy. It is well known that macroscopically complete surgical excision, radiotherapy and chemotherapy have therapeutic limitations to improve survival in these patients. In this study, we used a differential proteomic-based technique (2D-Difference Gel Electrophoresis) coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry to identify proteins that may serve as brain tumor antigens in new therapeutic assays. Five samples of patients presenting a GBM and five samples of microscopically normal brain tissues derived from brain epileptic surgery specimen were labeled and run in 2D-PAGE (Two-Dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis) with an internal pool sample on each gel. Five gels were matched and compared with DIA (Difference In-gel Analysis) software. Differential spots were picked, in-gel digested and peptide mass fingerprints were obtained. RESULTS: From 51 protein-spots significantly up-regulated in GBM samples, mass spectrometry (MS) identified twenty-two proteins. The differential expression of a selected protein set was first validated by western-blotting, then tested on large cohorts of GBM specimens and non-tumor tissues, using immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirmed the importance of previously described proteins in glioma pathology and their potential usefulness as biological markers but also revealed some new interesting targets for future therapies.
ISSN: 1477-5956

inserm-00585020
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00585020
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00585020/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00585020/file/1477-5956-9-16.pdf
DOI : 10.1186/1477-5956-9-16

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: In a malaria-endemic area the distribution of patients is neither constant in time nor homogeneous in space. The WHO recommends the stratification of malaria risk on a fine geographical scale. In the village of Cacao in French Guiana, the study of the spatial and temporal distribution of malaria cases, during an epidemic, allowed a better understanding of the environmental factors promoting malaria transmission. METHODS: A dynamic cohort of 839 persons living in 176 households (only people residing permanently in the village) was constituted between January 1st, 2002 and December 31st, 2007.The information about the number of inhabitants per household, the number of confirmed cases of Plasmodium vivax and house GPS coordinates were collected to search for spatial or temporal clustering using Kurlldorff's statistical method. RESULTS: Of the 839 persons living permanently in the village of Cacao, 359 persons presented at least one vivax malaria episode between 2002 and 2007. Five temporal clusters and four spatial clusters were identified during the study period. In all temporal clusters, April was included. Two spatial clusters were localized at the north of the village near the Comté River and two others localized close to orchards. CONCLUSION: The spatial heterogeneity of malaria in the village may have been influenced by environmental disturbances due to local agricultural policies: deforestation, cultures of fresh produce, or drainage of water for agriculture. This study allowed generating behavioural, entomological, or environmental hypotheses that could be useful to improve prevention campaigns.
ISSN: 1475-2875

inserm-00849010
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00849010
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00849010/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00849010/file/2013_Basurko_-_Deforestation_agriculture_and_farm_jobs_a_good_recipe_for_Plasmodium_vivax_in_French_Guiana.pdf
DOI : 10.1186/1475-2875-12-90

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Résumé : International audience
Background. Adverse psychosocial working environments characterized by job strain (the combination of high demands and low control at work) are associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms among employees, but evidence on clinically diagnosed depression is scarce. We examined job strain as a risk factor for clinical depression. Method. We identified published cohort studies from a systematic literature search in PubMed and PsycNET and obtained 14 cohort studies with unpublished individual-level data from the Individual-Participant-Data Meta-analysis in Working Populations (IPD-Work) Consortium. Summary estimates of the association were obtained using random-effects models. Individual-level data analyses were based on a pre-published study protocol. Results. We included six published studies with a total of 27 461 individuals and 914 incident cases of clinical depression. From unpublished datasets we included 120 221 individuals and 982 first episodes of hospital-treated clinical depression. Job strain was associated with an increased risk of clinical depression in both published [relative risk (RR) = 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47-2.13] and unpublished datasets (RR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.04-1.55). Further individual participant analyses showed a similar association across sociodemographic subgroups and after excluding individuals with baseline somatic disease. The association was unchanged when excluding individuals with baseline depressive symptoms (RR = 1.25, 95% CI 0.94-1.65), but attenuated on adjustment for a continuous depressive symptoms score (RR = 1.03, 95% CI 0.81-1.32). Conclusions. Job strain may precipitate clinical depression among employees. Future intervention studies should test whether job strain is a modifiable risk factor for depression.
ISSN: 0033-2917

hal-01560152
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01560152
DOI : 10.1017/S003329171600355X
PUBMED : 28122650

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Pyrethroid insecticides are widely used in agriculture and in homes. Despite the neurotoxicity of these insecticides at high doses, few studies have examined whether lower-level exposures could adversely affect children's neurodevelopment. The PELAGIE cohort included 3421 pregnant women from Brittany, France between 2002 and 2006. When their children reached their sixth birthday, 428 mothers from the cohort were randomly selected, successfully contacted and found eligible. A total of 287 (67%) mothers agreed to participate with their children in the neuropsychological follow-up. Two cognitive domains were assessed by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children: verbal comprehension and working memory. Five pyrethroid and two organophosphate insecticide metabolites were measured in maternal and child first-void urine samples collected between 6 and 19 gestational weeks and at 6 years of age, respectively. Linear regression models were used to estimate associations between cognitive scores and urinary pyrethroid metabolite concentrations, adjusting for organophosphate metabolite concentrations and potential confounders. Maternal prenatal pyrethroid metabolite concentrations were not consistently associated with any children's cognitive scores. By contrast, childhood 3-PBA and cis-DBCA concentrations were both negatively associated with verbal comprehension scores (P-trend = 0.04 and P-trend < 0.01, respectively) and with working memory scores (P-trend = 0.05 and P-trend < 0.01, respectively). No associations were observed for the three other childhood pyrethroid metabolite concentrations (4-F-3-PBA, cis-DCCA, and trans-DCCA). Low-level childhood exposures to deltamethrin (as cis-DBCA is its principal and selective metabolite), in particular, and to pyrethroid insecticides, in general (as reflected in levels of the 3-PBA metabolite) may negatively affect neurocognitive development by 6 years of age. Whatever their etiology, these cognitive deficits may be of importance educationally, because cognitive impairments in children interfere with learning and social development. Potential causes that can be prevented are of paramount public health importance
ISSN: 0160-4120

hal-01162374
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01162374
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01162374/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01162374/file/Pyrethroid%20insecticide%20exposure.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.envint.2015.05.009

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: The use of pesticides and the related environmental contaminations can lead to human exposure to various molecules. In early-life, such exposures could be responsible for adverse developmental effects. However, human health risks associated with exposure to complex mixtures are currently under-explored. OBJECTIVE: THIS PROJECT AIMS AT ANSWERING THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS: What is the influence of exposures to multiple pesticides on the metabolome? What mechanistic pathways could be involved in the metabolic changes observed? METHODS: Based on the PELAGIE cohort (Brittany, France), 83 pregnant women who provided a urine sample in early pregnancy, were classified in 3 groups according to the surface of land dedicated to agricultural cereal activities in their town of residence. Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics analyses were performed on urine samples. Partial Least Squares Regression-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) and polytomous regressions were used to separate the urinary metabolic profiles from the 3 exposure groups after adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: The 3 groups of exposure were correctly separated with a PLS-DA model after implementing an orthogonal signal correction with pareto standardizations (R2 = 90.7% and Q2 = 0.53). After adjusting for maternal age, parity, body mass index and smoking habits, the most statistically significant changes were observed for glycine, threonine, lactate and glycerophosphocholine (upward trend), and for citrate (downward trend). CONCLUSION: This work suggests that an exposure to complex pesticide mixtures induces modifications of metabolic fingerprints. It can be hypothesized from identified discriminating metabolites that the pesticide mixtures could increase oxidative stress and disturb energy metabolism.
ISSN: 1932-6203

inserm-00863407
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00863407
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00863407/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00863407/file/journal.pone.0064433.pdf
PUBMED : 23704985

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with presentation for care with CD4 cell count <200/mm3. Design: A Retrospective monocentric cohort study of the Guadeloupe section of French Hospital Database for HIV was conducted. Methods: Group 1 Cohort (CD4 <200/mm3, n=1076), Group 2 (CD4 200-500, n=973) and Group 3 (CD4 >≥ 500/ mm3, n=627) patients were included between 1 January 1988 and 31 December 2009. Factors associated with late presentation (CD4 count <200 cells/μL) were assessed using descriptive statistics and ordered multivariable logistic regression. Results: At the time of diagnosis, 40.21% of patients had than less 200 CD4 lymphocytes/mm3. Age older than 30 years OR: 1.55[1.14-2.10], p=0.005, male gender OR: 1.83[1.58-2.12], p<0.0001, access to care before 1992 OR: 1.56[1.03-2.02], p=0.038 and alcohol use OR: 8.80[2.26-34.36], p=0.002 were independently associated with a low CD4 cell count. Conclusion: The findings of this study (underline the need to expand HIV testing beyond the usual facilities) may be of value in helping to achieve earlier access to treatment in HIV-infected patients in order to minimize the individual risk of morbidity and mortality.
J AIDS Clinic Res

inserm-00915176
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00915176
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00915176/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00915176/file/2012_Elenga_-_Risk_Factors_for_Late_Presentation_for_Care_among_HIV-Infected_Patients_in_guadeloupe_1988_2009.pdf
DOI : 10.4172/2155-6113.1000166

Résumé : The entire study is divised into three parts : Phase 1 - Collection of data and description of fisheries. Phase 2 - Diagnosis on the exploitation level for the main species. Phase 3 - Fleets analysis and simulation of the exploitation of the fishery. In addition to the description of the fisheries, in the first part, a very cheap method for the study of discards is described for all species and all fleets, the purpose being to use length cohorts analysis according to the JONES'method (1981). Preliminary works on monks, megrim and cuckoo ray are also presented.
Cette étude porte sur les espèces démersales et benthiques principales pêchées en Mer Celtique. Elle est divisée en 3 parties : Phase 1 - Recueil des données et description des pêcheries. Phase 2 - Diagnostic sur le niveau d'exploitation des principales espèces. Phase 3 - Analyse des flottilles et simulation du fonctionnement des pêcheries. En plus de la description des pêcheries on trouvera dans cette première partie une méthode peu coûteuse d'évaluation des rejets rendue indispensable parce que les diagnostics sur les espèces ont été effectués grâce à une analyse sur les tailles selon la méthode de JONES (1981). On y trouvera également des études préliminaires sur les baudroies, la cardine et la raie fleurie.

Droits : 1989 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1989/rapport-1561.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1561/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : Tank bromeliads form a conspicuous, yet neglected freshwater habitat in Neotropical forests. Recent studies driven by interests in medical entomology, fundamental aspects of bromeliad ecology and experimental research on food webs have, however, prompted increasing interest in bromeliad aquatic ecosystems. As yet, there is nothing in the literature about the life histories and environmental drivers of invertebrate population dynamics in tank bromeliads. Based on fortnightly samples taken over oneyear, size frequency plots and individual dry masses allowed us to establish the life cycles and growth rates of the dominant aquatic invertebrates in a common bromeliad species of French Guiana. Linear mixed-effect models and Mantel tests were used to predict changes in density, biomass, and growth rates in relation to temperature, rainfall, humidity and detrital resources. Annual variations in invertebrate densities and biomasses could be described according to three types of distribution: unimodal, bimodal or almost constant. Despite seasonal variations, precipitation, temperature, relative humidity and detritus concentration accounted significantly for changes in density and biomass, but we found no significant responses in growth rates of most invertebrate species. Species rather displayed non-seasonal life cycles with overlapping cohorts throughout the year. There was also a trend for delayed abundance peaks among congeneric species sharing similar functional traits, suggesting temporal partitioning of available resources. Beyond novel knowledge, quantitative information on life histories is important to predict food-web dynamics under the influence of external forcing and self-organisation. Our results suggest that changes in species distribution that will affect population dynamics through biotic interactions in space and/or time could have greater effects on food webs and ecosystem functioning than changes in environmental factors per se.
ISSN: 0046-5070

hal-01607779
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01607779
DOI : 10.1111/fwb.12862
PRODINRA : 407311

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
Persistent organic pollutants have not been conclusively associated with length of gestation or with preterm birth. Chlordecone is an organochlorine pesticide that has been extensively used to control the banana root borer population in the French West Indies. Data from the Timoun Mother-Child Cohort Study conducted in Guadeloupe between 2004 and 2007 were used to examine the associations of chlordecone concentrations in maternal plasma with the length of gestation and the rate preterm birth in 818 pregnant women. Data were analyzed using multivariate linear regression for length of gestation and a Cox model for preterm birth. The median plasma chlordecone concentration was 0.39 µg/L (interquartile range, 0.18-0.83). No correlation was observed with plasma concentrations of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (ρ = 0.017) or polychlorinated biphenyl 153 (ρ = -0.016), the other main organochlorine compounds detected. A 1-log10 increase in chlordecone concentration was associated with a decreased length of gestation (-0.27 weeks; 95% confidence interval: -0.50, -0.03) and an increased risk of preterm birth (60%; 95% confidence interval: 10, 130). These associations may result from the estrogen-like and progestin-like properties of chlordecone. These results are of public health relevance because of the prolonged persistence of chlordecone in the environment and the high background rate of preterm births in this population.
ISSN: 0002-9262

hal-01010740
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01010740
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01010740/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01010740/file/Chlordecone%20Exposure%20final.pdf
DOI : 10.1093/aje/kwt313

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
OBJECTIVES: To compare virological effectiveness in patients who continued on a virologically successful first-line boosted protease inhibitor (PI)-containing combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) regimen or who switched to a PI-free cART including efavirenz, nevirapine or abacavir. METHODS: From the French Hospital Database on HIV, we selected 439 patients with undetectable viral load (VL) on a first-line boosted PI-containing cART regimen who switched to a PI-free combination including efavirenz, nevirapine or abacavir. Each of these patients was matched with three patients who continued to take their first-line cART regimen, on the basis of gender, age, CD4 cell count, VL, date of cART initiation and the duration of VL undetectability. Time to virological failure (VF) was analysed with Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox models. RESULTS: The 12 month probabilities of VF were 3.7% and 5.7% in non-switch and switch patients, respectively, and 3.9%, 7.2% and 9.0% in patients switching to efavirenz-, nevirapine- and abacavir-containing cART, respectively. After adjustment, only patients switching to abacavir-containing cART had a higher risk of VF than non-switch patients (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.99; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-3.79). CONCLUSIONS: Switching from a virologically successful first-line boosted PI-containing cART regimen to a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-containing cART regimen containing either efavirenz or nevirapine is virologically safe, while switching to abacavir-containing cART should be avoided.
ISSN: 0305-7453

hal-00875284
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875284
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dkr208
PUBMED : 21636583

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
We aimed to assess the impact of a postoperative drainage after RPN. A retrospective multicentric study included RPN performed at eight centers between 2010 and 2014. Three centers stopped using postoperative drainage early in their RPN experience, whereas other institutions systematically left a drain. Preoperative characteristics, complication rates, need for postoperative imaging or procedure (surgical or radiological) and length of hospital stay were compared between the two groups [drainage (D) and no drainage (ND)]. Among 636 RPNs, 140 were done without drainage (22 %). In the ND group, surgeons were more experienced (> 50 cases: 55.7 vs. 15.1 %; p < 0.0001), and tumors were more complex (RENAL score: 7.6 vs. 6.5; p < 0.0001). Complication rates were similar in both groups (21.9 vs. 20.2 %; p = 0.67). The omission of postoperative drainage did not increase requirement of CT scan (RR = 1.03; 95 % CI 0.64-1.67). Length of hospital stay was shorter in the ND group (4.5 vs. 5.5 days; p = 0.007). There were six urinary fistulas: four in the D group (0.8 %) and two in the ND group (1.4 %; p = 0.49). A CT scan was done to confirm the diagnosis of fistula in every case. In multivariate analysis, the omission of drainage was not associated with increased need of postoperative CT scan or major complications but was a predictor of decreased length of stay. The omission of postoperative drainage does not seem to increase the risk of postoperative complications and could safely be omitted after RPN.
ISSN: 0724-4983

hal-01361502
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01361502
DOI : 10.1007/s00345-015-1721-2
PUBMED : 26511751

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Evidence of human sexual transmission during Zika virus emergence is a matter of concern, particularly in procreation, but to date, kinetics of seminal shedding and the effects of infection on human reproductive function have not been described. To investigate the effects of Zika virus infection on semen and clearance of Zika virus from semen and body fluids, we aimed to study a cohort of Zika virus-infected men. METHODS: This prospective observational study recruited men presenting with acute Zika virus infection at Pointe-à-Pitre University Hospital in Guadeloupe, French Caribbean, where a Zika virus outbreak occurred between April and November, 2016. Blood, urine, and semen were collected at days 7, 11, 20, 30, 60, 90, and 120 after symptom onset, and semen characteristics, such as total sperm count, sperm motility, vitality, and morphology, and reproductive hormone concentrations, such as testosterone, inhibin, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinising hormone, were assessed. At days 7, 11, and 20, semen was processed to isolate motile spermatozoa. Zika virus RNA was detected by RT-PCR using whole blood, serum, urine, seminal plasma, semen cells, and motile spermatozoa fractions. Zika virus was isolated from different sperm fractions on Vero E6 cultures. FINDINGS: 15 male volunteers (mean age 35 years [SD 5; range 25-44) with acute Zika virus infection and positive Zika virus RNA detection in blood or urine were enrolled. Total sperm count was decreased from median 119 × 10(6) spermatozoa (IQR 22-234) at day 7 to 45·2 × 10(6) (16·5-89·6) at day 30 and 70 × 10(6) (28·5-81·4) at day 60, respectively, after Zika virus infection. Inhibin values increased from 93·5 pg/mL (IQR 55-162) at day 7 to 150 pg/mL (78-209) at day 120 when total sperm count recovered. In motile spermatozoa obtained after density gradient separation, Zika virus RNA was found in three of 14 patients at day 7, four of 15 at day 11, and four of 15 at day 20, and replication-competent virus was found in the tested patient. Seminal shedding kinetics seemed heterogeneous among patients. Whole blood was the fluid most frequently positive for Zika virus RNA (62 of 92 samples) and three patients remained positive at day 120. INTERPRETATION: Semen alterations early after acute Zika virus infection might affect fertility and could be explained by virus effects on the testis and epididymis. Frequency of shedding and high viral load in semen, together with the presence of replicative virus in a motile spermatozoa fraction, can lead to Zika virus transmission during sexual contact and assisted reproduction procedures. Whole blood seems to be the best specimen for Zika virus RNA detection, diagnosis, and follow-up. FUNDING: Agence de la Biomédecine/Agence Régionale de Santé de la Guadeloupe/Inserm-REACTing.
ISSN: 0140-6736

hal-01647078
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01647078
DOI : 10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30444-9
PUBMED : 28838639