Éditeur(s) : Public Library Science
Résumé : Background: Resolving threats to widely distributed marine megafauna requires definition of the geographic distributions of both the threats as well as the population unit(s) of interest. In turn, because individual threats can operate on varying spatial scales, their impacts can affect different segments of a population of the same species. Therefore, integration of multiple tools and techniques - including site-based monitoring, genetic analyses, mark-recapture studies and telemetry - can facilitate robust definitions of population segments at multiple biological and spatial scales to address different management and research challenges. Methodology/Principal Findings: To address these issues for marine turtles, we collated all available studies on marine turtle biogeography, including nesting sites, population abundances and trends, population genetics, and satellite telemetry. We georeferenced this information to generate separate layers for nesting sites, genetic stocks, and core distributions of population segments of all marine turtle species. We then spatially integrated this information from fine-to coarse-spatial scales to develop nested envelope models, or Regional Management Units (RMUs), for marine turtles globally. Conclusions/Significance: The RMU framework is a solution to the challenge of how to organize marine turtles into units of protection above the level of nesting populations, but below the level of species, within regional entities that might be on independent evolutionary trajectories. Among many potential applications, RMUs provide a framework for identifying data gaps, assessing high diversity areas for multiple species and genetic stocks, and evaluating conservation status of marine turtles. Furthermore, RMUs allow for identification of geographic barriers to gene flow, and can provide valuable guidance to marine spatial planning initiatives that integrate spatial distributions of protected species and human activities. In addition, the RMU framework - including maps and supporting metadata - will be an iterative, user-driven tool made publicly available in an online application for comments, improvements, download and analysis.
Plos One (1932-6203) (Public Library Science), 2010-12 , Vol. 5 , N. 12 , P. -

Droits : 2010 Plos One
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00028/13926/11308.pdf
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0015465
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00028/13926/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Morphology can be misleading in the representation of phylogenetic relationships, especially in simple organisms like cnidarians and particularly in hydrozoans. These suspension feeders are widely distributed in many marine ecosystems, and the family Aglaopheniidae Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890 is among the most diverse and visible, especially on tropical coral reefs. The taxonomy of this family is based on morphological characters with emphasis on reproductive structures for the identification of genera. This study is the most comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the Aglaopheniidae to date, including six genera and 38 species, of which 13 were investigated for the first time and sampled on tropical coral reefs throughout the Indo-Pacific region. For newly sampled individuals, we sequenced the 16S rRNA, the nuclear locus comprising the complete ITS1-5.8S rRNA gene-ITS2 and the first intron of the calmodulin nuclear gene. Phylogenetic analyses of the data revealed and confirmed a general polyphyly, or doubtful monophyly, of all sampled genera in tropical regions based on both the mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Our results revealed that several morphological characters used today are unsuited to resolve phylogenetic relationships between species and genera, as well as the high phyletic diversity within this family. Future revision of the classification of this family will require extensive geographic sampling and the use of an integrative approach.
ISSN: 0300-3256

hal-01253738
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01253738
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01253738/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01253738/file/Phylogenetic%20relationships%20within%20Aglaopheniidae%20%28Cnidaria%2C._hal.pdf
DOI : 10.1111/zsc.12135

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The correlation between the flow turbulence and the performances of a ma- rine current turbine is studied. First, the incoming flow encountered in the flume tank is characterized in the framework of fully developed turbulent cascades in the inertial range. The Reynolds number, the Kolmogorov dissipation scale and the integral scale, are estimated from flow measurements. The intermittency of the turbulence is characterized in the lognormal multifractal framework, and the influence of the turbulent flow on the turbine power is assessed. The rotor speed control unit characteristics used for the turbine regulation induces non-negligible effects on the turbine behavior under fluctuations loads. Even if the power spectrum does not reveal any scale invariance, a multiscale analysis allows us to show the correlations between the turbulence time se- ries and the power produced. The classical Mean Square Coherency function shows that for scales larger than 10 seconds, the upstream velocity and power have large correlations. In the framework of the Empirical Mode Decomposition method, such correlations are studied using the time-dependence intrinsic corre- lation analysis method. This method allows to zoom into time-frequency scales where the flow perturbations induced some modifications in power production
ISSN: 0960-1481

hal-01528296
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01528296
DOI : 10.1016/j.renene.2017.05.024

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : This study focuses on the petrology, geochronology and thermochronology of metamorphic rocks within the northern Menderes Massif in western Turkey. Metasediments belonging to the cover series of the Massif record pervasive amphibolite-facies metamorphism culminating at ca. 625–670 °C and 7–9 kbars. U–Th–Pb in situ ages on monazite and allanite from these metapelites record crustal thickening and nappe stacking associated with the internal imbrication of the Anatolide–Taurides platform during the Eocene. In addition, new 39Ar/40Ar single muscovite grain analyses on deformed rocks were performed in three localities within the northern Menderes Massif and ages range from 19.8 to 25.5 Ma. These mylonites may be related to both well-known detachments, Simav to the north and Alaşehir to the south, which accommodate Oligo–Miocene exhumation of the Menderes core complex. U–Th–Pb data on monazite grains (22.2 ± 0.2 Ma) from migmatites emplaced within the Simav detachment confirm these ages.
ISSN: 1437-3254

hal-01355967
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01355967
DOI : 10.1007/s00531-015-1271-2

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
The life-history traits and population dynamics of species are increasingly being attributed to the characteristics of their preferred habitats. While coral reef fish are often strongly associated with particular habitats, long-term studies establishing the demographic and life-history consequences of occupying different reef substrata are rare and no studies have monitored individuals in situ over their lifetime and determined the fate of their offspring. Here, we documented a quasi-turnover and local reproductive success for an entire population of orange clownfish (Amphiprion percula) from Kimbe Island, Papua New Guinea, by taking bi-annual samples of DNA over a 10-yr period (2003–2013). We compared demographic and life-history traits of individuals living on two host anemone species, Heteractis magnifica and Stichodactyla gigantea, including female size, adult continued presence (a proxy for relative longevity range), early post-settlement growth, the number of eggs per clutch and ‘local’ reproductive success (defined for each adult as the number of offspring returning to the natal population). Our results indicate that while the relative longevity of adults was similar on both host anemone species, females living in H. magnifica were larger than females in S. gigantea. However, despite females growing larger and producing more eggs on H. magnifica, we found that local reproductive success was significantly higher for clownfish living in S. gigantea. Life-history traits also exhibited local spatial variation, with higher local reproductive success recorded for adults living on S. gigantea on the eastern side of the island. Our findings support a ‘silver-spoon’ hypothesis that predicts individuals that are fortunate enough to recruit into good habitat and location will be rewarded with higher long-term reproductive success and will make a disproportionate contribution to population renewal.
ISSN: 0722-4028

hal-01357939
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01357939
DOI : 10.1007/s00338-016-1485-1

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Staphylococcus aureus can cause a wide range of infections in humans and warm-blooded animals. The epithelial surface is the principal site of staphylococcal infection. The goal of this work was to investigate the cytopathic effect of S. aureus and its ability to affect host cell cycle. Cultures of human cervix cancer HeLa and mammary gland bovine MAC-T epithelial cells were used to study in vitro the effects of S. aureus strains from human or ruminant origins. Using microscopic examination, we found that S. aureus induced an enlargement of the host cells and we observed that S. aureus slowed down cell proliferation. Similar effect was observed on both human and bovine cells using the human or the ruminant strains. Microscopic analysis of DAPI-stained cells revealed huge decrease of mitotic indexes in infected HeLa and Mac-T cells, synchronized by Double Thymidine Block. Flow cytometry analysis showed that S. aureus induces G2/M phase delay in synchronous HeLa cells. Western blot analysis revealed that the G2/M phase delay was associated with an accumulation of inactive phosphorylated cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1/cdc2, a key inducer of mitosis entry, and dephosphorylation of core histone H3, an important component of the epigenetic landscape. Altogether, these results suggest that the delay in G2/M phase transition of the infected epithelial cells may be one of the mechanisms employed by S. aureus to survive and to propagate inside the host. Further investigations are ongoing to fully understand the mechanisms associated to this type of S. aureushost cell interactions.
journées des Microbiologistes de l' INRA 2012
L'Isle sur la Sorgue, France

hal-01209365
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01209365
PRODINRA : 174569

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
A high-resolution record of paleostorm events along the French Mediterranean coast over the past 7000 years was established from a lagoonal sediment core in the Gulf of Lions. Integrating grain size, faunal analysis, clay mineralogy and geochemistry data with a chronology derived from radiocarbon dating, we recorded seven periods of increased storm activity at 6300-6100, 5650-5400, 4400-4050, 3650-3200, 2800-2600, 1950-1400 and 400-50 cal yr BP (in the Little Ice Age). In contrast, our results show that the Medieval Climate Anomaly (1150-650 cal yr BP) was characterised by low storm activity.;The evidence for high storm activity in the NW Mediterranean Sea is in agreement with the changes in coastal hydrodynamics observed over the Eastern North Atlantic and seems to correspond to Holocene cooling-in the North Atlantic. Periods of low SSTs there may have led to a stronger meridional temperature gradient and a southward migration of the westerlies. We hypothesise that the increase in storm activity during Holocene cold events over the North Atlantic and Mediterranean regions was probably due to an increase in the thermal gradient that led to an enhanced lower tropospheric baroclinicity over a large Central Atlantic-European domain. (C) 2011 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ISSN: 0033-5894

hal-00760909
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00760909
DOI : 10.1016/j.yqres.2011.09.002

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The barrier reef tract of New Caledonia is the second largest in the world enclosing lagoons of variable width. The Late Quaternary evolution of these barrier reefs and lagoons is poorly known. A recent high resolution seismic and multibeam bathymetry survey was carried out in the south-western lagoon from shoreline to open ocean across the barrier reef pass systems to perform sequence stratigraphy and to better understand the Quaternary evolution of the lagoon. Two depositional sequences bounded by type-1 erosional surfaces can be identified. The bounding surfaces delineate the bottom of two generations of incised valleys. System tracts comprising a complete succession of regressive, lowstand, transgressive and highstand tracts were observed only in the upper sequence. Chronostratigraphic and sedimentological interpretations of the seismic data are based on correlations with the chronology defined in the nearby cores drilled through the reefs and in the gravity cores previously recovered in the inner lagoon. Interpretation of seismic data is also carried out on the basis of correlation with multibeam bathymetric data. Our results indicate that the history of the New Caledonian lagoon probably does not exceed 200ka marked by two or three brief episodes each of immersion of about ten thousand years. The bathymetric data reveal that during successive low sea level stands, the lagoon was dependent upon erosional fluvial networks. The deep fluvial valleys were connected to the continental slope through the passes. Seismic records reveal that upstream palaeo-channels are not connected to the modern coastal rivers. In contrast, many aggrading deposits, including numerous stacking channels, and extending across the proximal part of the outer lagoon, can be identified. Examination of drainage network morphology suggests a progressive tilt of the outer lagoon. Such evolution reveals that the Nouméa lagoon which is one of the widest in the world is an exceptional modern example of a rimmed shelf providing data to analyze the past counterparts.
ISSN: 0031-0182

insu-00338953
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00338953
DOI : 10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.08.012

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Staphylococcus aureus can cause a wide range of infections in humans and warm-blooded animals. The epithelial surface is the principal site of staphylococcal infection. The goal of this work was to investigate the cytopathic effect of S. aureus and its ability to affect host cell cycle. Cultures of human cervix cancer HeLa and mammary gland bovine MAC-T epithelial cells were used to study in vitro the effects of S. aureus strains from human or ruminant origins. Using microscopic examination, we found that S. aureus induced an enlargement of the host cells and we observed that S. aureus slowed down cell proliferation. Similar effect was observed on both human and bovine cells using the human or the ruminant strains. Microscopic analysis of DAPI-stained cells revealed huge decrease of mitotic indexes in infected HeLa and Mac-T cells, synchronized by Double Thymidine Block. Flow cytometry analysis showed that S. aureus induces G2/M phase delay in synchronous HeLa cells. Western blot analysis revealed that the G2/M phase delay was associated with an accumulation of inactive phosphorylated cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1/cdc2, a key inducer of mitosis entry, and dephosphorylation of core histone H3, an important component of the epigenetic landscape. Altogether, these results suggest that the delay in G2/M phase transition of the infected epithelial cells may be one of the mechanisms employed by S. aureus to survive and to propagate inside the host. Further investigations are ongoing to fully understand the mechanisms associated to this type of S. aureus-host cell interactions.
International Symposium on Staphylococci and Staphylococcal Infections -ISSSI-2012
Lyon, France

hal-01209356
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01209356
PRODINRA : 173265

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Masson
Résumé : International audience
The Chaînons Béarnais ranges (North-Pyrenean Zone, west-central Pyrenees) display a fold-and-thrust structure involving the Mesozoic sedimentary cover, decoupled from its substratum at the Keuper evaporites level and associated with a few peridotite bodies and scarce Palaeozoic basement lenses. In the western part of the Chaînons Béarnais, the newly described recumbent fold of the Saraillé massif comprises a peridotite body and several lenses of Palaeozoic basement wrapped by the Triassic to Aptian sedimentary cover. This structure represents a remnant of the distal portion of the Pyrenean paleo-rifted margin where mantle rocks have been exhumed during Albian–Cenomanian times. In this paper, we present the first detailed mapping and microstructural analysis of the Saraillé massif, providing new geological basis for reconstructing the evolution of this part of the paleo-margin. Our mapping (i) shows that the pre-rift Mesozoic cover forms a recumbent fold cored by mantle and crustal rocks and (ii) confirms that the prerift cover was detached from its bedrock along a layer of Triassic evaporites and slid onto the exhumed mantle rocks. Sliding of the prerift cover was associated with extreme crustal thinning and mantle exhumation along a major detachment fault, together with intense metasomatism affecting both the continental basement and the sedimentary cover. We show for the first time (1) that the Mesozoic pre-rift sediments experienced syn-metamorphic ductile thinning during mantle exhumation, and (2) that during its extreme attenuation, the continental basement was reduced to tectonic lenses some ten meters thick by ductile shearing.
ISSN: 1631-0713

insu-01265777
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01265777
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01265777/document
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01265777/file/corre-CRGeosc-2016.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.crte.2015.11.007

Résumé : Spiny lobsters are an important component of the coastal fisheries around the Martinique island. This study aimed to assess the contamination by kepone of the two main species Panulirus argus and P. guttatus in the main fishery area laying along the eastern coast of Martinique. The objectives of the study were to describe the distribution of the spiny lobster contamination in the area, to explore possible relationships with some biological parameters such as individual size, sex and colour of tegument, as well as characterize difference of kepone concentration between the muscle and soft flesh of the head, in view of helping the definition of further fishery management measures. The analyses were done from chemical analyses of 125 samples of spiny lobsters gathered from 2008 to 2010 all around the island, and from a specific set of 200 new observations from a specific survey carried out in 2011 in the study area. For both species, the results show a diffusion of the contamination all over the coral shoals, close to contaminated catchment basins, with a strong decrease just outside these areas. For the Caribbean spiny lobster, a strong relationship between kepone concentration and individual size was identified, and less for the Spotted spiny lobster. For the two species, the concentration of kepone found in soft flesh of the head was more than twice as in the muscle. Finally, the difference of contamination between the two species appeared strongly linked with their biology.
La langouste blanche Panulirus argus et la langouste brésilienne P. guttatus représentent environ 25 % du chiffre d’affaires des pêcheurs professionnels de Martinique. Une part très importante des captures de ces espèces proviennent du platier continental de la zone centre-atlantique de l’île. L’étude réalisée en 2011 visait à approfondir les connaissances sur la distribution de la contamination par la chlordécone des langoustes dans la zone centre- atlantique de la Martinique, d’explorer d’éventuelles relations entre cette contamination et des paramètres biologiques des individus comme la taille, le sexe et leur pigmentation tégumentaire, et d’analyser la différence de contamination entre la queue et les chairs molles du céphalothorax, en vue d’aider à la définition de mesures de réglementation de la pêche dans ce secteur. L’étude s’appuie sur un ensemble de 125 échantillons rassemblés de 2008 à 2010 pour les deux espèces autour de la Martinique, complétés par 200 échantillons constitués pour la présente étude dans la zone centre-atlantique en 2011. Le rapport est précédé d’un rappel d’éléments sur la biologie et sur l’état de la pêche des langoustes en Martinique. Pour les deux espèces, l’étude met en évidence une extension de la contamination à l’ensemble du platier corallien au pied des bassins versants contaminés, puis une nette diminution au-delà. Pour la langouste blanche, cette contamination est en relation avec la taille des individus, en liaison avec leur plongée progressive vers le large. Cette relation avec la taille est moins marquée pour la langouste brésilienne, espèce beaucoup plus inféodée aux eaux littorales. Pour les deux espèces, les chairs molles du céphalothorax apparaissent plus de deux fois plus contaminées que le muscle caudal. Les différences de contamination observées entre langouste blanche et la langouste brésilienne sont cohérentes avec les connaissances sur la biologie de chaque espèce.

Droits : Délégation Antilles
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00088/19971/17638.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00088/19971/

Éditeur(s) : Springer
Résumé : The compilation of results obtained on three giant piston cores from the Whittard, Shamrock and Guilcher turbidite levees reveals a high-resolution stratigraphic record for the Bay of Biscay. Due to the abundance of reworked sediments in these sedimentary environments, a specific methodological approach, based on an X-ray-assisted subsampling phase associated with sedimentological, geochemical and micropalaeontological analyses, was implemented. With an accurate chronological framework, this multi-proxy investigation provides observations on the 'Fleuve Manche' palaeoriver and the British-Irish Ice Sheet (BIS) histories over the last 20,000 years. The results obtained highlight the direct influence of the decay of the BIS on the Bay of Biscay deep-sea clastic sedimentation during the last European deglacial phase. During this period, the annual BIS cycle of meltwater seems enough to generate seasonal turbidity currents associated with exceptional sedimentation rates in all the Celtic and Armorican turbidite systems. With very high sedimentation rates, the turbidite levees represent the main deep-sea clastic depositional area. Long coring combined with a very careful subsampling method can provide continuous high-resolution palaeoenvironmental signals.
Geo-Marine Letters (0276-0460) (Springer), 2006-12 , Vol. 26 , N. 6 , P. 317-329

Droits : 2006 Springer Science+Business Media
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-2142.pdf
DOI:10.1007/s00367-006-0048-9
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/2142/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Geophysical Union
Résumé : International audience
A CO2-rich brine core-flood experiment in calcite limestone for conditions representative of underground storage (P = 12 MPa and T = 100°C) was performed in order to explore the dissolution mechanisms arising at moderate CO2 partial pressure (0.3 MPa). An increase of the total porosity (φT) accompanied by a persistent permeability (k) decrease was measured. The mechanisms controlling this atypical anticorrelated k − φT relationship were investigated from the analysis of high-resolution X-ray microtomography images of the sample acquired before and after the experiment. All the evidences converge to the conclusion that the ubiquitous decrease of permeability measured during the 44 h of dissolution is due to the clogging of a fraction of the macroporosity by microporous material triggered by the rearrangement of the detached undissolved particles. This mechanism results in the development of low permeability zones bridging the macroporosity.
ISSN: 0094-8276

hal-00903585
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00903585
DOI : 10.1002/grl.50595

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Coastal Education and Research Foundation
Résumé : The sinking of the Prestige tanker (November, 2002) spilled over 64000 tons of heavy fuel oil. The Prestige oil spill (POS) affected approximately 1000 km of coast belonging to Portugal, France and Spain and more than 600 sandy beaches were polluted along the Atlantic coast of Spain. Since POS, yearly surveys of two oiled sandy beaches (Galicia, NW Spain) have provided evidences regarding the oil pollution behavior and the influence of beach morphodynamics on the dynamics of the contamination. The analysis of wave climate, the extracted suction cores and the detected oil from 2004 and 2009 fieldworks have allowed to promote a conceptual model of the influence of beach morphodynamics on the first steps of an oil spill and to establish the effects on the long-term oil pollution
ISSN: 0749-0208

hal-00783182
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00783182

Éditeur(s) : Inter-Research
Résumé : The Biocean database was designed to collate the extremely large volume of data collected from different deep-sea ecosystem studies conducted by Ifremer's department of 'Environnement Profond' (Deep-Sea Environment). This database comes in a 6-application package: 2 of them are used on research vessels to collect operational data, whereas the others are used to link with a core database back on land. The latter are used to: (1) manage taxonomic nomenclature, (2) monitor the identification of faunal collections, (3) fill in chemical analyses results or measurement data files and (4) add or extract data from the database. Biocean was designed to facilitate ecosystem studies in the deep sea. It represents an important new resource for deep-sea ecologists and will have wide applications in biogeography and biodiversity studies at Ifremer, but also for the international community, as faunal data are linked to the Census of Marine Life information system OBIS (Ocean Biogeographic Information System). Biogeographical analyses of Biocean data recovered through the OBIS portal evidence an evolution in the deep-sea sampling strategies more focused in limited areas and is intended to reveal ecosystems functioning.
Marine Ecology Progress Series (0171-8630) (Inter-Research), 2006-07 , Vol. 316 , P. 215-224

Droits : 2006 Inter-Research
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-1581.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1581/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Data integration and knowledge capitalization combine data and information coming from different data sources designed by different experts having different purposes. In this paper, we propose to assist the underlying model merging activity. For close models made by experts of various specialities on the same system, we partially automate the identification of a Greatest Common Model (GCM) which is composed of the common concepts (core-concepts) of the different models. Our methodology is based on Formal Concept Analysis which is a method of data analysis based on lattice theory. A decision tree allows to semiautomatically classify concepts from the concept lattices and assist the GCM extraction. We apply our approach on the EIS-Pesticide project, an environmental information system which aims at centralizing knowledge and information produced by different research teams.
14th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (ICEIS 2012)
Wroclaw, Poland

lirmm-01319858
http://hal-lirmm.ccsd.cnrs.fr/lirmm-01319858
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-40654-6_5

Éditeur(s) : Public Library Science
Résumé : Observing spatial and temporal variations of marine biodiversity from non-destructive techniques is central for understanding ecosystem resilience, and for monitoring and assessing conservation strategies, e.g. Marine Protected Areas. Observations are generally obtained through Underwater Visual Censuses (UVC) conducted by divers. The problems inherent to the presence of divers have been discussed in several papers. Video techniques are increasingly used for observing underwater macrofauna and habitat. Most video techniques that do not need the presence of a diver use baited remote systems. In this paper, we present an original video technique which relies on a remote unbaited rotating remote system including a high definition camera. The system is set on the sea floor to record images. These are then analysed at the office to quantify biotic and abiotic sea bottom cover, and to identify and count fish species and other species like marine turtles. The technique was extensively tested in a highly diversified coral reef ecosystem in the South Lagoon of New Caledonia, based on a protocol covering both protected and unprotected areas in major lagoon habitats. The technique enabled to detect and identify a large number of species, and in particular fished species, which were not disturbed by the system. Habitat could easily be investigated through the images. A large number of observations could be carried out per day at sea. This study showed the strong potential of this non obtrusive technique for observing both macrofauna and habitat. It offers a unique spatial coverage and can be implemented at sea at a reasonable cost by non-expert staff. As such, this technique is particularly interesting for investigating and monitoring coastal biodiversity in the light of current conservation challenges and increasing monitoring needs.
Plos One (1932-6203) (Public Library Science), 2012-02 , Vol. 7 , N. 2 , P. -

Droits : 2012 Pelletier et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00078/18879/16453.pdf
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0030536
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00078/18879/

Résumé : Implementation of ecosystem-based approaches to marine management points to several shared objectives between conservation and fishery management that require better knowledge of the life history of the exploited resources, elucidation of the information encoded in the calcified tissues (otoliths, scales, bones, shells, and corals) of marine and freshwater organisms, and support for knowledge-based, sustainable ocean management and use. Calcified tissues have been employed since the 19th century to gain knowledge of life traits, population structure, and environmental relationships of fish and molluscs. Breakthrough advances include the discovery by Pannella (1971) of the daily growth increments and the discovery by Radtke (1984) of otolith tracer approaches, resulting in an exponential growth of publications and four dedicated international symposia. IOS2014 will be the fifth in a series of independent symposia convened since 1993, to encourage the exchange of information and expertise, and promote the development of new techniques and applications for otolith-based analysis in ecology, management, and conservation. This international forum is the centre for the exchange of information on developments in the field. New techniques of analysis, statistical treatment, and indeed new areas of application are all presented in this forum. The IOS series started in Hilton Head (USA) in 1993, followed by IOS1998 in Bergen (Norway), IOS2004 Townsville (Australia), and the IOS2009 Symposium held in Monterey (USA). In general, attendance ranged between 250–350 participants. IOS2009 counted 268 registrants from 36 countries, despite the economic crisis.

Droits : ICES - All Rights Reserved
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00221/33260/31736.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00221/33260/

Éditeur(s) : Amer Geophysical Union
Résumé : Hydrographic (0-1000 dbar) and direct current measurements (0-600 dbar) along 165-degrees-E (20-degrees-S-10-degrees-N) between January 1984 and July 1991 are used to investigate the mean circulation and its relationships with the distributions of salinity and potential vorticity on isopycnal surfaces. Less well documented mean sections along 142-degrees-E and 137-degrees-E are used to complement the 165-degrees-E analysis. The Equatorial Undercurrent is centered on the equator at 165-degrees-E and on 0.5-degrees-N at 142-degrees-E. No variation in its transport (15.0 x 10(6) m3 s-1) is found between those longitudes. We find indication of the Equatorial Undercurrent at 137-degrees-E-0.75-degrees-N in the geostrophic field. The northern and southern Subsurface Countercurrents are clearly identified by extrema of eastward velocity at 165-degrees-E around 3-degrees-N and 3-degrees-S (250 dbar). No evidence of a southern Subsurface Countercurrent is found at 142-degrees-E. At 137-degrees-E the northern Subsurface Countercurrent is not characterized by a local extrema of eastward velocity: the North Equatorial Countercurrent seems to extend from the surface to 400 dbar with a southward shift of its core. Analysis of the seasonal variability at 165-degrees-E indicates that the Equatorial Undercurrent transport increases by a factor 2 between January (10.7 x 10(6) m3 s-1) and July (21.5 x 10(6) m3 s-1) and the Equatorial Intermediate Current transport is halved (6.3 x 10(6) m3 s-1 in January, 3.5 x 10(6) m3 s-1 in July). hi contrast, the transport of the Subsurface Countercurrents does not vary substantially between those two months. The meridional distributions of salinity and potential vorticity show that the axes of the main eastward currents are associated with strong meridional property gradients, not with property extrema. The eastward currents thus represent a barrier to the northward extension of the high salinity Tropical Water. Relatively weak meridional gradients of salinity and potential vorticity are observed in the westward directed South Equatorial Current and Equatorial Intermediate Current.
Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans (0148-0227) (Amer Geophysical Union), 1993-12 , Vol. 98 , N. C12 , P. 22495-22520

Droits : 1993 by the American Geophysical Union.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00192/30346/29190.pdf
DOI:10.1029/93JC02513
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00192/30346/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Mineralogical Society of America
Résumé : International audience
In situ mineralization of CO2 in ultramafic rock-hosted aquifers is one of the promising solutions for decreasing CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere. Naturally altered ultramafic rocks suggest that carbonation processes are controlled by local heterogeneities in the structure of the rock and fluid transport at the water-rock interfaces. We studied the role of rock crystallographic anisotropy relative to the global fluid flow direction on the mineralization of CO2 by means of electron microscope analyses from the macro- to the micrometer scale (EBSD-FIB). The sample used for the measurements was a hot pressed olivine core percolated by water enriched in CO2 (pCO2 = 10 MPa) at 180 °C. During the percolation experiment, olivine was dissolved and two types of carbonates, dolomite, and magnesite, were precipitated on olivine surfaces. The results showed that the dissolution of olivine is controlled by its crystallographic properties as shown by the development of etch-pits only on the (010)ol planes and with elongated shapes parallel to the [010]ol axes. In contrast, the precipitation of carbonates is governed by hydrodynamic properties. Carbonates are heterogeneously distributed in the percolated rock. They are mainly located along the moderate (for dolomite) and the minor (for magnesite) flow paths, both oriented parallel to the principal fluid flow direction, which allow carbonates to be supplied with divalent cations (e.g., Ca2+, Mg2+, and Fe2+). In these flow paths, carbonate growth is systematically oriented normal to the flow that facilitates the development of chemical gradients with cationic supersaturation conditions for carbonate precipitation near the walls.In natural systems, the (010)ol planes are parallel to the Moho and the (100)ol planes are vertical; our study suggests that flow of CO2-rich fluids will induce precipitation of carbonates localized along, and preferentially clogging, vertical flow paths while favoring olivine dissolution along horizontal fluid pathways. This dual control of structure and fluid flow on carbonation mechanisms could be an important parameter allowing sustainable CO2 storage in peridotites, while limiting the risks of leakage toward the surface.
ISSN: 0003-004X

hal-01143393
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01143393
DOI : 10.2138/am-2015-4913