Éditeur(s) : Inter-Research
Résumé : Experimental infections of Penaeus (Litopenaeus) stylirostris were performed with a Vibrio penaeicida strain (AM101) isolated in New Caledonia from Syndrome 93 diseased shrimp. Cumulative mortalities resulting from intramuscular injection or immersion of shrimp in bacterial suspensions demonstrated high virulence for this bacterial strain and suggested that V. penaeicida could be the etiological agent of Syndrome 93. The median lethal dose (LD50) for AM101 was 1.3 x 104 CFU (colony forming units) ml-1 by immersion and less than 5 CFU shrimp-1 by intramuscular challenge, with mortality outbreaks at 48 and 22 h after challenge, respectively. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection assay using a primer set designed from the 16S ribosomal RNA gene of V. penaeicida was developed. It gave an expected amplicon of approximately 310 bp in ethidium bromide-stained agarose gels. The specificity of these primers was assessed with different Vibrio species. Furthermore, DNA extracted by the ChelexTM method could be used to detect fewer than 20 cultured Vibrio cells in seawater or shrimp hemolymph by this assay. It appears to be a reliable screening method for detecting V. penaeicida in shrimp and from the aquatic environment.
Diseases of aquatic organisms (0177-5103) (Inter-Research), 2000-03 , Vol. 49 , N. 2 , P. 109-115

Droits : Inter-Research 2000
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2000/publication-4436.pdf
DOI:10.3354/dao040109
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4436/

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : In January and February 2002, the presence of certain agricultural pesticides throughout the coastline of the Caribbean island of Martinique was investigated. The tropical climate of the French West Indies is suitable for banana production, which requires intensive use of pesticides. An inventory of all pesticides used on the island (compounds and tonnage) was compiled. Surveys and analyses revealed the presence of pesticides in the plumes of seven rivers. The organochlorine chlordecone and metabolites of aldicarb were detected at nearly all of the monitored sites, even though the use of chlordecone has been prohibited since 1993. Two triazines (ametryn and simazine) were also identified. The concentrations of carbamates and triazines detected in the water and sediment samples from Martinique are comparable to those reported for mainland France. Chlordecone concentrations in the sediment and particulate matter samples were, however, particularly high in the samples from Martinique. Toxicological implications are discussed. Of particular concern are the high levels of chlordecone (which is bioaccumulating and carcinogenic) and further monitoring of this compound is recommended, especially in fish and other sea-food products.
Marine Pollution Bulletin (0025-326X) (Elsevier), 2005-07 , Vol. 51 , N. 5-7 , P. 612-619

Droits : 2005 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2005/publication-879.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.06.026
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/879/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: The insecticide chlordecone was extensively used in the French West Indies to control banana root borer. Its persistence in soils has led to the widespread pollution of the environment, and human beings are still exposed to this chemical. Chlordecone has been shown to impair neurological and behavioural functions in rodents when exposed gestationally or neonatally. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of prenatal and postnatal exposure to chlordecone on the cognitive, visual, and motor development of 7-month-old infants from Guadeloupe. METHODS: Infants were tested at 7 months (n=153). Visual recognition memory and processing speed were assessed with the Fagan Tests of Infant Intelligence (FTII), visual acuity with the Teller Acuity Card, and fine motor development with the Brunet-Lezine. Samples of cord blood and breast milk at 3 months (n=88) were analyzed for chlordecone concentrations. Postnatal exposure was determined through breast feeding and frequency of contaminated food consumption by the infants. RESULTS: Cord chlordecone concentrations in tertiles were associated with reduced novelty preference on the FTII in the highly exposed group (β=-0.19, p=0.02). Postnatal exposure through contaminated food consumption was marginally related to reduced novelty preference (β=-0.14, p=0.07), and longer processing speed (β=0.16, p=0.07). Detectable levels of chlordecone in cord blood were associated with higher risk of obtaining low scores on the fine motor development scale (OR=1.25, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that pre- and postnatal low chronic exposure to chlordecone is associated with negative effects on cognitive and motor development during infancy.
ISSN: 0013-9351

hal-00875939
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875939
DOI : 10.1016/j.envres.2012.07.006
PUBMED : 22910562

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Geophysical Union
Résumé : During the 2003 summer monsoon, the Hi-CLIMB seismological stations deployed across the Himalayan Range detected bursts of high-frequency seismic noise that lasted several hours to days. On the basis of the cross correlation of seismic envelopes recorded at 11 stations, we show that the largest transient event on 15 August was located nearby a village partially destroyed on that day by a devastating debris flow. This consistency in both space and time suggests that high-frequency seismic noise analysis can be used to monitor debris flow generation as well as the evacuation of the sediment. A systematic study of one year of seismic noise, focusing on the detection of similar events, provides information on the spatial and temporal occurrence of mass movements at the front of the Himalayas. With a 50% probability of occurrence of a daily event, a total of 46 debris flows are seismically detected. Most of them were generated in regions of steep slopes, large gullies, and loose soils during the 2003 summer monsoon storms. These events are compared to local meteorological data to determine rainfall thresholds for slope failures, including the cumulative rainfall needed to bring the soil moisture content to failure capacity. The inferred thresholds are consistent with previous estimates deduced from soil studies as well as sediment supply investigations in the area. These results point out the potential of using seismic noise as a dedicated tool for monitoring the spatiotemporal occurrence of landslides and debris flows on a regional scale.
ISSN: 0148-0227

hal-00464177
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00464177
DOI : 10.1029/2008JF001198

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Session "Articles"
National audience
Dans cet article, nous présentons une méthode robuste et précise pour détecter 17 points caractéristiques du visage sur des images expressives. Une nouvelle architecture multi-résolution basée sur les récents algorithmes multi-noyau est introduite. Les patches de faibles résolutions codent les informations globales du visage donnant lieu à une détection grossière mais robuste du point désiré. Les patches de grandes résolutions quant à eux utilisent les détails locaux afin d'affiner cette localisation. En combinant une détection indépendante de points et des informations a priori sur les distributions de points, nous proposons un détecteur robuste aux changements d'expressions ainsi qu'aux variations d'illuminations. Ce système a été évalué sur plusieurs bases de données de la littérature. Les résultats présentés améliorent les performances des détecteurs de l'état de l'art
Actes de la conférence RFIA 2012
Lyon, France

hal-00656522
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00656522
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00656522/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00656522/file/rfia2012_submission_99.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Pyrethroids are insecticides frequently used in agriculture and in the home; exposure occurs through dietary and non-dietary pathways, including indoor and outdoor environmental contamination. Our objective was to study the potential determinants of pyrethroid metabolite concentrations measured in children's urine samples and in the dust of their homes. Specifically, we measured urinary metabolites from morning spot samples of 245 six-year- old children living in Brittany (France) in 2009-2012 and from dust vacuumed from the floor of their homes. Mothers reported home insecticide use, dietary habits, sociodemographic data; residential and school proximity to agricultural crops was assessed with spatialized data. The metabolites cis-DBCA, trans-DCCA, cisDCCA, 3-PBA, and F-PBA were detected in 84, 95, 64, 63, and 16% of the urine samples, respectively. Permethrin, cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, and tetramethrin pyrethroids were detected in 100, 56, 9, 15, and 26% of the dust samples, respectively. Multiple regression analysis suggested diet plays a role in children's exposure, in particular, the food groups "pasta, rice or semolina" (for cis-DCCA and F-PBA), fruit (3-PBA), "breakfast cereals and whole grain bread" (cis-DBCA), and the global proportion of organic food in diet (for cis-DBCA, trans-DCCA). Children with a parent occupationally exposed to pesticides were about 3-times more likely to have higher urinary concentrations of 3-PBA (OR = 2.8, 95% CI [1.2; 6.5]). Dust content was correlated mainly with household insecticide use: higher mean concentrations of permethrin (beta = 0.8 [0.3; 1.3], in mu g/g) and an increased risk of a detectable level of cyfluthrin (OR = 4.7 [1.7; 12.9]) were observed in home dust, for indoor use of at least twice a year. Outdoor insecticide use at least once a year was associated with detection in dust of cypermethrin (OR = 3.0 [1.3; 6.7]) and tetramethrin (OR = 3.7 [1.6; 8.3]). Three positive and one negative correlations (out of 11) between urinary metabolite concentrations and home dust contents of their possible corresponding parent compounds were observed. The strength of this study lies in its concurrent use of biomarkers, environmental measurements, and potential sources of exposure. Its limitations include the use of a single urine sample and imprecise data about pyrethroid use in local agriculture.
ISSN: 0160-4120

hal-01560147
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01560147
DOI : 10.1016/j.envint.2017.04.007
PUBMED : 28453973

Éditeur(s) : Wiley-blackwell Publishing, Inc
Résumé : Aims: A description of bacterial pathogens in shrimp ponds is necessary to understand their pathogenesis. Vibrio nigripulchritudo was shown to contain saprophytic and pathogenic strains among New Caledonian isolates. We established a method to map the development of V. nigripulchritudo in pond sediments at three different genetic levels: the species level, then at the pathogenic cluster level and finally at the plasmid level, present only in all highly pathogenic isolates. Methods and Results: PCR methods were applied to shrimp pond sediments both before and after a mortality outbreak. Using crude samples, the species V. nigripulchritudo is not detected at first (0/42 samples at day 56 post stocking) but appears frequently in the sediments after the mortality event (30/42 at day 107). The distribution of strains from the pathogenic cluster of V. nigripulchritudo also follows this pattern. In contrast, the pSFn1 virulence-associated plasmid was detected in one sample at day 56 and none at day 107. An enrichment method was developed to lower the detection limits of our assays. After enrichment, the species V. nigripulchritudo was detected in all samples at both dates. The number of samples positive for pSFn1 was 42/42 samples at day 56 and 29/42 at day 107. Conclusions: These results show that the sediments contain V. nigripulchritudo, notably pathogenic strains. Surprisingly, the virulence-associated plasmid pSFn1 found in all V. nigripulchritudo isolated from moribund shrimp appears less frequently in sediments, possibly being useless or even detrimental to its recipient bacteria in this environment. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study confirms the presence of pathogenic V. nigripulchritudo strains in shrimp pond sediment before a mortality outbreak complying with a previous hypothesis that sediments could be the infecting reservoir. After the outbreak, both total V. nigripulchritudo and pathogenic strains populations have largely increased, possibly contributing to the recurrent mortality observed in this shrimp vibriosis.
Journal Of Applied Microbiology (1364-5072) (Wiley-blackwell Publishing, Inc), 2010-06 , Vol. 108 , N. 6 , P. 2003-2011

Droits : 2010 The Society for Applied Microbiology - Wiley-Blackwell
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00004/11484/8177.pdf
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04601.x
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00004/11484/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Despite the recent interest in psychiatric illness in prison, the psychopathology of the Remire-Montjoly prison population remains largely unknown. Subject to significant population movements, French Guiana and its prison houses a very mixed population in which recent history has left a strong mark (earthquake in Haïti, civil war in Suriname, violence related to gold mining population and drug trafficking). These negative life events appear as potential vectors of psychological trauma. Additionally, strong links have been established in the literature between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and many other psychiatric disorders, including suicidal behavior and addictions. Under these conditions, we felt it essential to focus on the identification of PTSD in this sensitive population.Through adapted reception interviews, we tried to identify the PTSD, to describe by means of socio-demographic factors the studied population and to detect psychiatric comorbidities. The screening tool was the M.I.N.I. 5.0, which identifies 17 psychiatric disorders including the PTSD, based on the DSM IV definition. The target population was the prison incomers, agreeing to participate in the study, aged more than 18 years old and imprisoned between 18 January 2013 and 31 December 2013. To this date, 549 inmates were included in the study.The main result of this study was a prevalence of PTSD of 17% for incomers in detention. We found that the PTSD+ population is more likely to be female (15% against 7% p = 0.0246), which is consistent with the literature data. The M.I.N.I. 5.0 showed a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the PTSD+ group. This association was confirmed in several types of pathology like mood disorders including: major depressive episode and manic or hypomanic episode, suicidal risk, some anxiety disorders including: panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Strong association was found for current major depressive episode, current manic or hypomanic episode and suicidal risk (p < 0.005).The prevalence of PTSD is very high in this study, about 24 times higher than in a general population survey using the same screening tool.A large number of comorbidities have been identified, which corresponds to those described in the literature. The specific issues of psychiatry in prison lead us to examine more specifically the significance of the results about suicide risk. A comprehensive suicide risk (sum of medium and high risk screened by the M.I.N.I.) was found in significantly more PTSD+ inmates (17% versus 7%, p = 0.005). This study supports the need for routine screening of PTSD among incomers in detention. This disease is both worrying and common in this population but the real issues are the comorbidities. Suicidal potential is among the most important issues in detention. Its evaluation should be completed by an early recognition of a PTSD.
Soumis à des mouvements de population importants, la Guyane Française et son centre pénitentiaire abritentune population métissée chez qui l’histoire récente a laissé une empreinte forte (tremblement de terre en Haïti,guerre civile au Suriname, violence liée à l’orpaillage et au trafic de stupéfiants). Ces événements de vienégatifs apparaissent comme autant de vecteurs potentiels de psychotraumatismes. Dans ces conditions, il nous a paru essentiel de mettre l’accent sur le repérage du TSPT (Trouble de Stress Post-traumatique) dans cette population sensible. A l'aide d’entretiens d’accueil dédiés nous nous sommes proposé de repérer les TSPT, de décrire sur un plan sociodémographique la population étudiée et de rechercher les comorbidités psychiatriques. Le résultat principal de cette étude était une prévalence du TSPT de 17% chez les arrivants en détention. Le MINI 5.0 a montré une prévalence plus élevée des pathologies psychiatriques dans le groupe présentant un TSPT avec un lien très fort (p<0.005) pour l’épisode dépressif majeur actuel, l’épisode (hypo)maniaque actuel et le risque suicidaire. Cette étude appuie la nécessité d’avoir un dépistage systématique du TSPT chez les arrivants en détention. Cette pathologie est à la fois fréquente dans cette population et invalidante mais ce sont ses comorbidités, dont le potentiel suicidaire, qui font tout l’enjeu d’un repérage précoce.
ISSN: 0383-6320

inserm-01421075
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01421075
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01421075/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01421075/file/2016%2C%20Arnal%20-%20Post-Traumatic%20Stress%20Disorder%20among%20Incomers%20in%20Remire-Montjoly%20Prison%2C%20French%20Guiana.pdf
PUBMED : 27570960

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
With only a narrow opening through the Gibraltar and Suez Canals, the Mediterranean Sea is one of thelargest semi-enclosed seas. The marine flora and fauna are some of the richest in the world, relative to itssize, particularly in the coastal habitats, which are also characterized by numerous endemic speciesalthough the introduction of non-indigenous species threatens its rich and unique biodiversity. Followingthe opening of the Suez Canal, and in combination with shipping and aquaculture activities, nonindigenousspecies (NIS) introduction has had measurable impacts on the Mediterranean. Lagoon ecosystemsalong the French coastline, with approx. 100 NIS identified, are considered hot-spot areas forthese species. Rapid assessment sampling for sessile benthic species together with DNA barcoding is arapid, easy and cheap method to detect non-indigenous species. Two nearby and different ecosystemswere sampled for invertebrate species: Saint-Nazaire lagoon, a Special Protection Area within the Natura2000 Network and Canet port, a marina in a small village. The DNA barcoding tool for species identificationwas used for confirming the taxonomy. This showed that, despite the Saint-Nazaire Lagoonclassification within the Natura 2000 network, it is already contaminated with a single NIS that wasfound in high densities and is clearly beginning to dominate the system. It is proposed that a rapidassessment of the sampled environment and the DNA barcode approach are efficient and can providesufficient information on the new target species to be used in conservation planning and ongoingmanagement efforts.
ISSN: 0272-7714

hal-01488926
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01488926
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecss.2017.02.004

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
To investigate the contribution of whole-body post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) in sudden unexpected death in infants and children.METHODS:Forty-seven cases of sudden unexpected death in children investigated with radiographic skeletal survey, whole-body PMCT and autopsy were enrolled. For imaging interpretation, non-specific post-mortem modifications and abnormal findings related to the presumed cause of death were considered separately. All findings were correlated with autopsy findings.RESULTS:There were 31 boys and 16 girls. Of these, 44 children (93.6 %) were younger than 2 years. The cause of death was found at autopsy in 18 cases (38.3 %), with 4 confirmed as child abuse, 12 as infectious diseases, 1 as metabolic disease and 1 as bowel volvulus. PMCT results were in accordance with autopsy in all but three of these 18 cases. Death remains unexplained in 29 cases (61.7 %) and was correlated with no abnormal findings on PMCT in 27 cases. Major discrepancies between PMCT and autopsy findings concerned pulmonary analysis.CONCLUSIONS:Whole-body PMCT may detect relevant findings that can help to explain sudden unexpected death and is essential for detecting non-accidental injuries. We found broad concordance between autopsy and PMCT, except in a few cases of pneumonia. It is a non-invasive technique acceptable to relatives.KEY POINTS:• Whole-body post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) is an effective non-invasive method. • Whole-body PMCT is essential for detecting child abuse in unexpected death. • There is concordance on cause of death between PMCT and autopsy. • Whole-body PMCT could improve autopsy through dissection and sampling guidance. • PMCT shows findings that may be relevant when parents reject autopsy.
ISSN: 0938-7994

inserm-01576306
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01576306
DOI : 10.1007/s00330-012-2738-1
PUBMED : 23242003

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Early antifungal therapeutic strategies are proposed during invasive fungal infection (IFI), but antifungal stewardship programs should institute a systematic reevaluation of prescriptions, particularly in the context of empirical treatment. Here, we aimed to evaluate the performances and particularly the negative predictive value (NPV) of diagnostic strategies, including a whole blood panfungal quantitative PCR assay (PF-qPCR) in a high risk population for IFI. The first step was to standardize and optimize a new PF- rtPCR targeting ITS2 region. Then, this method was evaluated in a multicenter prospective study including 313 patients with suspected IFI for whom an early antifungal treatment was prescribed. All patients enrolled at day 0 of their treatment benefited from serum Aspergillus galactomannan (GM) antigen detection twice a week, weekly PF-qPCR assay, and when indicated and feasible, CT-scan and mycological sampling. In total, 125 of 313 patients were diagnosed with IFI: 68 invasive aspergillosis (eight proven, 48 probable and 12 possible), one fusariosis, 47 candidemia, three disseminated candidiasis and six cryptococcosis. Globally, the sensitivity of the PF-qPCR assay was only 40%, but the specificity, PPV and NPV were 96%, 88% and 69%, respectively. In the population of patients at high risk for invasive aspergillosis who also benefited from Aspergillus GM detection, the sensitivity and the NPV of the combined detection reached to 78% and 84%, respectively. Even higher NPV were obtained when combining negative PF-qPCR and CT scan (95%) as well as negative GM and CT scan (93%), thus allowing to rationalize and re-evaluate the prescription of empirical treatment in such highly selected population.
The Journal of Infection

hal-01146845
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01146845
DOI : 10.1016/j.jinf.2015.04.005
PUBMED : 25896093

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
This work focuses on the analysis of a unique set of seismological data recorded by two temporary networks of seismometers deployed onshore and offshore in the Central Lesser Antilles Island Arc from Martinique to Guadeloupe islands. During the whole recording period, extending from January to the end of August 2007, more than 1300 local seismic events were detected in this area. A subset of 769 earthquakes was located precisely by using HypoEllipse. We also computed focal mechanisms using P-wave polarities of the best azimuthally constrained earthquakes. We detected earthquakes beneath the Caribbean forearc and in the Atlantic oceanic plate as well. At depth seismicity delineates the Wadati-Benioff Zone down to 170 km depth. The main seismic activity is concentrated in the lower crust and in the mantle wedge, close to the island arc beneath an inner forearc domain in comparison to an outer forearc domain where little seismicity is observed. We propose that the difference of the seismicity beneath the inner and the outer forearc is related to a difference of crustal structure between the inner forearc interpreted as a dense, thick and rigid crustal block and the lighter and more flexible outer forearc. Seismicity is enhanced beneath the inner forearc because it likely increases the vertical stress applied to the subducting plate.
ISSN: 0040-1951

hal-01052679
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01052679
DOI : 10.1016/j.tecto.2011.08.006

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : The effect of ambient ammonia and molt stage on the physiological response of the blue shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris was studied. Shrimps were submitted to 54.6 mg l(-1) ammonia-N (1.76 mg l(-1) NH3-N) for 24 h. Only shrimps in stages C, D-0, D-1 and D-2 were used for the analysis. Haemolymph was assayed for osmoregulatory capacity (OC), magnesium ion (Mg ion), total proteins, oxyhaemocyanin, lactate and glucose. Molt stage had an effect on OC, Mg ion and total proteins in control shrimps, and on OC, Mg ion and lactate in treated animals. Ammonia treatment decreased OC and lactate, and increase Mg ion concentration in haemolymph, for all molt stages. It decreased significantly total proteins and oxyhaemocyanin for stages D-1 and D-2, and increased glucose concentration for stages C and Do. There was a combined effect of treatment and molt stage only on total proteins concentration. The effects of an external factor (ammonia), an internal one (molt stage) and the combination of both, and the usefulness of using physiological parameters measured in this study as tools to detect stress, are discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology (0022-0981) (Elsevier), 2004-09 , Vol. 309 , N. 1 , P. 35-46

Droits : 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2004/publication-371.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.jembe.2004.03.008
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/371/

Éditeur(s) : Springer
Résumé : Two recurring syndromes threaten the viability of the shrimp industry in New Caledonia, which represents the second largest export business. The "Syndrome 93" is a cold season disease due to Vibrio penaeicida affecting all shrimp farms, while the "Summer Syndrome" is a geographically restricted vibriosis caused by a virulent lineage of Vibrio nigripulchritudo. Microbiological procedures for diagnosis of these diseases are time-consuming and do not have the ability to discriminate the range of virulence potentials of V. nigripulchritudo. In this study, we developed a multiplex PCR method to simultaneously detect these two bacterial species and allow for pathotype discrimination. The detection limits of this assay, that includes an internal amplification control to eliminate any false-negative results, were determined at 10 pg purified DNA and 200 cfu/ml. After confirming the effectiveness of our method using experimentally infected animals, its accuracy was compared to standard biochemical methods during a field survey using 94 samples collected over 3 years from shrimp farms encountering mortality events. The multiplex PCR showed very high specificity for the detection of V. penaeicida and V. nigripulchritudo (inclusivity and exclusivity 100%) and allowed us to detect the spreading of highly pathogenic isolates of V. nigripulchritudo to a farm adjoining the "Summer Syndrome area." This assay represents a simple, rapid, and cost-effective diagnostic tool for implementing timely risk management decisions but also understanding the seasonal and geographical distribution of these pathogens.
Microbial Ecology (0095-3628) (Springer), 2012-01 , Vol. 63 , N. 1 , P. 127-138

Droits : Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00063/17398/15169.pdf
DOI:10.1007/s00248-011-9951-3
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00063/17398/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Publisher : Paris : Baillière [1980-. Latest Publisher : Paris : Elsevier
Résumé : National audience
Introduction L’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire précapillaire constitue l’une des premières causes de décès au cours de la sclérodermie systémique. Le pronostic dépend de la précocité du diagnostic et de l’introduction rapide du traitement ciblé. En 2013, l’algorithme DETECT a été élaboré en vue d’un dépistage plus précoce de l’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire. Le but de notre étude est d’évaluer l’impact de l’utilisation de l’algorithme DETECT en comparant les pratiques actuelles d’un centre de compétence français à celles recommandées par ce nouvel outil de dépistage. Patients et méthodes Il s’agit d’une étude transversale monocentrique. Les patients sclérodermiques ayant bénéficié d’un bilan viscéral au cours de l’année 2014–2015, contenant les données nécessaires au calcul du score DETECT, ont été inclus. Conformément aux pratiques habituelles du service, l’ensemble des patients avait bénéficié d’une échographie cardiaque transthoracique et l’indication du cathétérisme cardiaque droit était posée au cours d’une réunion de concertation pluridisciplinaire. En parallèle, l’algorithme DETECT était calculé avec une première étape posant ou non l’indication théorique de l’échographie cardiaque transthoracique, puis une seconde décidant de l’indication théorique d’un cathétérisme droit. Les résultats des deux étapes de l’algorithme étaient inconnus des médecins participant à la prise en charge des patients ou à la réunion de concertation pluridisciplinaire. À la fin de la période d’inclusion, les décisions proposées par l’algorithme étaient comparées à celles issues de la réunion de concertation pluridisciplinaire. Résultats Cent dix-sept patients ont été inclus dans l’étude. Quatre-vingt-onze pour cent (n = 106) répondaient aux critères ACR 2013. Si l’algorithme DETECT était appliqué à l’ensemble de la population, l’indication de l’échographie cardiaque transthoracique était retenue chez 80 % d’entre eux (n = 94). Parmi les 94 patients sélectionnés à la première étape, il était retenu l’indication d’un cathétérisme droit chez 70 d’entre eux, soit 60 % de la population initiale. Au cours du suivi annuel, l’indication du cathétérisme droit avait été retenue par la réunion de concertation pluridisciplinaire chez 15 des 117 patients. Le diagnostic d’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire avait été retenu chez 9 d’entre eux, dont 7 avec une hypertension artérielle pulmonaire précapillaire. Si l’algorithme DETECT n’était appliqué qu’aux patients répondant aux critères initialement proposés pour la mise au point de l’algorithme (patients avec DLCO inférieure à 60 % de la valeur prédite, et symptômes – autres que phénomène de Raynaud – évoluant depuis plus de 3 ans), 42 patients étaient alors éligibles (36 % de la population totale). Les épreuves fonctionnelles respiratoires retrouvaient une DLCO moyenne à 46 % de la valeur prédite. L’indication de l’échographie cardiaque transthoracique était retenue chez 36 patients (31 % de la population totale). Parmi les 36 patients sélectionnés à la première étape, l’algorithme retenait l’indication d’un cathétérisme droit chez 31 d’entre eux (26 % de la population totale). Au cours du suivi annuel, l’indication avait été retenue par la réunion de concertation pluridisciplinaire chez 13 des 42 patients. Le diagnostic d’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire avait été posé chez 9 d’entre eux, dont 7 avec une hypertension artérielle pulmonaire précapillaire. Discussion L’application de l’algorithme DETECT à la cohorte d’un centre de compétence français confirme son efficacité en termes de dépistage de l’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire dans la population suivie pour une sclérodermie systémique car elle permet de retenir la réalisation d’un cathétérisme droit diagnostique chez tous les patients pour lesquels l’indication avait été portée en réunion de concertation pluridisciplinaire. Ces résultats sont confortés par ceux récemment publiés par une équipe tchèque. D’après nos résultats, il semble que l’application de l’algorithme à une population plus restreinte (selon les critères de l’étude DETECT) fasse aussi bien que l’application de l’algorithme à tous les patients sclérodermiques (indifféremment de la DLCO ou de l’ancienneté des symptômes). Il reste maintenant à déterminer quel suivi et quel dépistage proposer aux patients ayant une DLCO de plus de 60 %. Enfin, il restera à déterminer si l’algorithme permettra un dépistage plus précoce de l’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire chez les patients sclérodermiques, et donc d’améliorer à terme la survie. Conclusion Jusqu’en 2016, les patients suivis pour sclérodermie systémique bénéficiaient d’un dépistage de l’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire selon les recommandations internationales. L’application du nouvel algorithme DETECT aux patients sclérodermiques (avec une DLCO de plus de 60 % et les premiers symptômes autres que phénomène de Raynaud de plus de 3 ans) permettrait de limiter le nombre d’ échographies cardiaques transthoraciques (moins 70 % environ) et augmenterait le nombre de cathétérismes cardiaques droits (par un facteur 3 environ). Il permettrait donc un dépistage au moins aussi efficace que celui réalisé jusqu’à présent, avec cependant un coût probablement plus élevé et un caractère plus invasif
ISSN: 0248-8663

hal-01321852
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01321852
DOI : 10.1016/j.revmed.2016.04.300

Éditeur(s) : OMICS Publishing Group
Résumé : Coastal tropical shrimp farming may impact the adjacent ecosystems through the release of large quantities of effluents rich in nutrients. In New Caledonia, mangroves are considered as a natural biofilter to reduce impacts on the surrounding World Heritage listed lagoon. Our main objective was to understand the influence of effluent discharge on the biogeochemistry of mangrove sediments. A monitoring of the physico-chemical parameters of mangrove sediments was carried out during a whole year, including active and non active periods of the farm. The parameters studied were: i) benthic primary production (Chl-a concentrations), ii) physico-chemical parameters of sediments (redox potential, pH, salinity, TOC, TN, TS, δ13C and δ15N), iii) concentrations of dissolved nitrogen, iron and phosphorus. A mangrove developing in the same physiographic conditions, presenting the same zonation, and free of anthropogenic input was used as reference. The concentration of benthic Chl-a measured at sediment surface in the effluent receiving mangrove was twice to three times that measured in the control zone whatever the season. We thus suggest that nutrients inputs significantly increased the phytobenthic production in the effluent receiving mangrove during the whole year, even after the cessation of discharges and because of natural seasonal dynamic of phytobenthos. Although the flow of surface OM was increased, the OM content at depth was not higher than in the control mangrove. However, the contribution of mangrove detritus to the sedimentary organic pool was higher probably as a result of higher density and much greater individual size of the mangrove trees. Unlike the control mangrove sediment, the effluent receiving mangrove sediment was not stratified, redox potential values were high and presence of Fe3+ was detected down to 50 cm depth, probably as a result of a larger root system, allowing a better sediment oxygenation and accentuated OM decomposition processes, and thus limiting ecosystem saturation.
Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development (21559546) (OMICS Publishing Group), 2014-07-03 , Vol. 5 , N. 5 , P. 1-13

Droits : 2014 Marchand C, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00251/36253/34801.pdf
DOI:10.4172/2155-9546.1000262
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00251/36253/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Society for Microbiology
Résumé : International audience
Toxoplasmosis is a life-threatening infection in immunocompromised patients (ICPs). The definite diagnosis relies on parasite DNA detection, but the incidence and burden of disease are ill-known in HIV-negative patients. A three-year retrospective study was conducted in 15 reference laboratories from the network of the French National Reference Center for Toxoplasmosis, to record the frequency of Toxoplasma DNA detection in ICPs, to review the molecular methods used for diagnosis and the prevention measures implemented in transplant patients. During the study period, out of 31,640 PCR performed in ICPs, 610 were positive (323 patients). Blood (n=337), cerebrospinal fluid (n=101) and aqueous humor (n=100) samples were more frequently positive. Chemoprophylaxis schemes in transplant patients differed between centers. PCR follow-up of allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplant (allo-HSCT) patients was implemented in 8/15 centers. Data from 180 patients (13 centers) were further analyzed regarding clinical setting and outcome. Only 68/180 (38%) patients were HIV+; the remaining 62% consisted in 72 HSCT, 14 solid-organ transplants, and 26 miscellaneous immunodeficiencies. Cerebral toxoplasmosis and disseminated toxoplasmosis were most frequently observed in HIV and transplant patients, respectively. Of 72 allo-HSCT patients with a positive PCR, 23 were asymptomatic; all were diagnosed in centers performing systematic blood PCR follow-up, and received specific treatment. Overall survival of allo-HSCT patients at two months was better in centers with PCR follow-up than in other centers (p<0.01). This study provides updated data on the frequency of toxoplasmosis in HIV-negative ICPs and suggests that regular PCR follow-up of allo-HSCT patients could guide pre-emptive treatment and improve outcome.
ISSN: 0095-1137

hal-01134189
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01134189
DOI : 10.1128/JCM.03282-14
PUBMED : 25762774

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Society for Microbiology
Résumé : International audience
This study aimed to evaluate the repeated sequence REP-529 compared to the B1 gene for the molecular diagnosis of toxoplasmosis by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in routine diagnosis.Over a ten-year period (2003-2013), all patients prospectively diagnosed with a positive REP-529 qPCR result for toxoplasmosis were included. All DNA samples (76 samples from 56 patients) were simultaneously tested using the two qPCR methods (REP-529 and B1).The mean Ct obtained with the B1 qPCR was significantly higher (+4.71 cycles) than that obtained with REP-529 qPCR (p<0.0001). Thirty-one out of 69 extracts (45.6%) positive with REP-529 qPCR were not amplified with the B1 qPCR (relative sensitivity 54.4%, compared to REP-529), yielding false negative results on 15/28 placentas, 5 cord blood, 2 amniotic fluids, 4 cerebrospinal fluids, 1 aqueous humor, 2 lymph node punctures and 1 abortion product. This defect in sensitivity would have left 20/56 patients undiagnosed, distributed as follows: 12/40 congenital toxoplasmosis, 4/5 cerebral toxoplasmosis, 2/8 patients with retinochoroiditis, and both patients with chronic lymphadenopathy. This poor performance of B1 qPCR could be related to low parasite loads, since the mean Toxoplasma quantification in extracts with B1 false negative results was 0.4 parasite/reaction.These results clearly show the superiority of the REP-529 sequence in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis by PCR suggest that this target should be adopted as part of standardization of the PCR assay.
ISSN: 0095-1137

hal-01118293
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01118293
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01118293/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01118293/file/A%2010-Year%20Retrospective%20Comparison%20of%20Two%20Target%20Sequences-belaz2015.pdf
PUBMEDCENTRAL : PMC4365238

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Digestive tubules of Strombidae are composed by three cell types: digestive cells, vacuolated cells, and crypt cells. The last one is characterized by the presence of intracellular granules identified as spherocrystals. Such structures are known to occur in basophilic cells of gastropod digestive gland, where they are supposed to be involved in the regulation of some minerals and in detoxification. In this study, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and energy filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) were used to determine the elemental content of spherocrystals in two Strombidae, Strombus gigas and Strombus pugilis. In freshly collected individuals of both species, the following elements were detected: Ca, Fe, Mg, P, and Zn. Aluminum and Mn were also detected in S. gigas. Their presence in spherocrystals indicates that, in Strombidae, spherocrystals are involved in the regulation of minerals and essential trace metals. In order to answer the question ''are spherocrystals involved in nonessential trace metals scavenging?,'' artificial cadmium and lead exposure by both waterborne and dietary pathways was applied to S. pugilis. No evidence of cadmium (Cd(NO3)2) or lead (Pb(NO3)2) provided by food was found in spherocrystals. Cadmium provided in water (Cd(NO3)2 and CdCl2) causes structural modifications of the digestive gland; however, this element was not trapped in spherocrystals. These results suggest that spherocrystals are not involved in detoxification of such nonessential trace metals.
ISSN: 1059-910X

hal-00743762
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00743762
DOI : 10.1002/jemt.21073

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
This paper presents the first remote measurements of La Soufrière gas emissions since the fumarolic and seismic reactivation in 1992. The chemical composition of the plumes has been measured from May 2003 to September 2004 using an Open Path Fourier Transform InfraRed (OP-FTIR) spectrometer, up to 15 m downwind the South Crater. HCl is clearly detected (concentration between 2.4 and 12 ppmv) whereas SO2 and H2S generally remain below the detection limit of the OP-FTIR. Direct measurements of SO2 and H2S near the South Crater with a Lancom III analyzer show a fast decrease of their concentrations with the distance. Calculated Cl / S mass ratios are high: from 9.4 ± 1.7 at 15 m from the vent to 2.8 ± 0.6 at 140 m. The enrichment in HCl of the gas emitted at La Soufrière, observed since 1998, corresponds to the degassing of a magma enriched in Cl and depleted in S. This result agrees with isotopic measurements which suggest a magmatic origin of the gases. Readjustments inside the volcanic system may have taken place during the seismic activity beginning in 1992 and enhance the transfer of magmatic gases to the summit.
ISSN: 0377-0273

hal-00144949
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00144949
DOI : 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.08.001