Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
In order to perform a human and ecological risk assessment of pharmaceutical products (PPs) in natural waters, it is necessary to accurately quantify a broad variety of PPs at low concentrations. Although numerous currently implemented analytical methodologies, less is known about the preservation of PPs in natural water samples within the period before analysis (holding time, storage conditions). This paper is the first literature review about the stability of PPs in natural waters (surface and groundwaters) during sample storage. The current work focuses on a comparison of the performances of the available preservation techniques (filtration, container materials, storage temperature, preservative agents, etc.) for PPs in samples. All 58 reviewed PPs may be successfully stabilized during 7 days in surface waters by at least one appropriate methodology regarding temperature, acidic and non-acidic preservatives. When temperature is not a sufficient preservation parameter f! or some PPs (hormones and fluoxetine) its combination with the addition of chemical agents into the samples may prolong the integrity of the PPs during storage in surface water. There is a strong need to use standard protocols to assess and compare the stability of PPs in environmental water matrices during storage as well as during analytical preparation or analysis (European criteria 2002/657/EC). Since the stability of PPs during sample storage is a critical parameter that could call into question the quality of the data provided for the concentrations, the design of stability studies should rigorously take into account all critical parameters that could impact the concentrations of the PPs with time.
Talanta

insu-00839186
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00839186
DOI : 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.01.042

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
Background We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to address the open question of a possible association between the socioeconomic level of the neighborhoods in which pregnant women live and the risk of Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs), Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) and OroFacial Clefts (OFCs). Methods We searched MEDLINE from its inception to December 20th, 2015 for case-control, cohort and ecological studies assessing the association between neighborhood socioeconomic level and the risk of CHDs, NTDs and the specific phenotypes Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate (CLP) and Cleft Palate (CP). Study-specific risk estimates were pooled according to random-effect and fixed-effect models. Results Out of 245 references, a total of seven case-control studies, two cohort studies and two ecological studies were assessed in the systematic review; all studies were enrolled in the meta-analysis with the exception of the two cohort studies. No significant association has been revealed between CHDs or NTDs and neighborhood deprivation index. For CLP phenotype subgroups, we found a significantly higher rate in deprived neighborhoods (Odds Ratios (OR) = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.36) whereas this was not significant for CP phenotype subgroups (OR = 1.20, 95%CI: 0.89, 1.61). Conclusion In spite of the small number of epidemiological studies included in the present literature review, our findings suggest that neighborhood socioeconomic level where mothers live is associated only with an increased risk of CLP phenotype subgroups. This finding has methodological limitations that impede the formulation of firm conclusions, and further investigations should confirm this association. © 2016 Deguen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-01406070
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01406070
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0159039
PUBMED : 27783616

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Experimental modelling applied to the study of orogenic wedge dynamics has been a subject of fruitful research for more than 30 years, although the technique dates back as far as the early XIXth century. On one hand, several first order parameters controlling the structural evolution of mountain belts have been intensively investigated using the classic tectonic "sandbox" models. The main parameters are the properties of the basal décollement, the deforming material, the backstop, and fluxes, kinematics and surface processes. On the other hand, the morphological evolution of a mountain relief subjected to changing tectonic or climatic forcing has been addressed using another kind of approach called "geomorphic" models. Nowadays, the literature is extremely rich, particularly for the sandbox technique, so that it becomes difficult to have an exhaustive view of the effects of the above parameters on mountain evolution. In this article, we propose a detailed review of the main results obtained using both "tectonic" and "geomorphic" approaches. Our goal is to provide an almost complete state-of-the-art in the experimental study of relief dynamics to guide present and future researchers in their understanding of mountain belt evolution.
ISSN: 0040-1951

hal-00757713
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00757713
DOI : 10.1016/j.tecto.2012.01.027

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
This study aims to assess the evidence on adverse pregnancy outcome associated with living close to polluted industrial sites, and identify the strengths and weaknesses of published epidemiological studies. A systematic literature search has been performed on all epidemiological studies published in developed countries since 1990, on the association between residential proximity to industrial sites (hazardous waste sites, industrial facilities and landfill sites) and adverse pregnancy outcome (low birth weight, preterm birth, small for gestational age, intrauterine growth retardation, infant mortality, congenital malformation). Based on 41 papers, our review reveals an excess risk of reproductive morbidity. However, no studies show significant excess risk of mortality including fetal death, neonatal or infant mortality and stillbirth. All published studies tend to show an increased risk of congenital abnormalities, yet not all are statistically significant. All but two of these studies revealed an excess risk of low birth weight. Results for preterm birth, small for gestational age and intrauterine growth retardation show the same pattern. There is suggestive evidence from the post-1990 literature that residential proximity to polluted sites (including landfills, hazardous waste sites and industrial facilities) might contribute to adverse reproductive outcomes, especially congenital malformations and low birth weight—though not mortality. This body of evidence has limitations that impede the formulation of firm conclusions, and new, well-focused studies are called for. The review findings suggest that continued strengthening of rules governing industrial emissions as well as industrial waste management and improved land use planning are needed.
ISSN: 1476-072X

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
hal-01547817
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01547817
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01547817/document
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01547817/file/s12942-017-0091-y.pdf
DOI : 10.1186/s12942-017-0091-y

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Université des Antilles
Résumé : International audience
This article introduces the theme issue devoted to tourism in Latin America and the authors explain the approach of the international and interdisciplinary research. Interest in tourism is twofold: 1/ tourism allows the study of specific places, types of development and consumption, 2/ analysis of the tourism phenomenon helps to understand the world, highlighting the socio -Latin American economic. The phenomenon of tourism must be understood in all its complexity and must introduce the political dimension. The Tourism Studies on Latin America cannot ignore the political strategies associated with the dominant economic model or the restructuring of power relations behind it. Tourism development is not apolitical. The development of tourism is not apolitical.
En este artículo se presenta el número temático dedicado al turismo en América Latina y los autores explican el enfoque de la investigación internacional e interdisciplinaria. El interés por el turismo es doble: 1 / es el estudio de sitios específicos, tipos de planificación y el consumo; 2 /el fenómeno del turismo también se explica el mundo y se puede destacar la realidad socioeconómica de América Latina. Debe estudiar el fenómeno turístico en toda su complejidad e introducir la dimensión política. Los estudios de Turismo en América Latina no pueden ignorar las estrategias políticas asociadas con el modelo económico dominante o la reestructuración de las relaciones de poder detrás de él. El desarrollo del turismo no es apolítico.
Dans le cadre de cet article qui introduit le dossier thématique consacré au tourisme en Amérique latine, les auteurs expliquent la démarche de cette recherche transdisciplinaire et internationale. L’intérêt pour le tourisme est double : 1/ il permet d’étudier des lieux, des types d’aménagements et de consommations ; 2/ il permet de lire le monde, de mettre en évidence les réalités socio-économiques de l’Amérique latine. Il faut étudier le phénomène touristique dans toute sa complexité et introduire la dimension politique. Les études touristiques sur l’Amérique latine ne peuvent pas ignorer les stratégies politiques associées au modèle économique dominant ni la recomposition des relations de pouvoir qu’il sous-tend. Le développement du tourisme n’est pas apolitique.
ISSN: 1779-0980

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/
hal-01368541
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01368541
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01368541/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01368541/file/regards-croises-sur-les-enjeux-du-tourisme-en-amerique-latine.pdf

Éditeur(s) : Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd
Résumé : Cooperation between the social and natural sciences has become essential in order to encompass all the dimensions of coastal zone management. Socio-economic approaches are increasingly recommended to complement integrated assessment in support of these initiatives. A systematic review of the academic literature was carried out in order to analyze the main types of socio-economic assessments used to inform the coastal zone management process as well as their effectiveness. A corpus of 1682 articles published between 1992 and 2011 was identified by means of the representative coverage approach, from which 170 were selected by applying inclusion/exclusion criteria and then classified using a content analysis methodology. The percentage of articles that mention the use of socio-economic assessment in support of coastal zone management initiatives is increasing but remains relatively low. The review examines the links between the issues addressed by integrated assessments and the chosen analytical frameworks as well as the various economic assessment methods which are used in the successive steps of the coastal zone management process. The results show that i) analytical frameworks such as 'risk and vulnerability', 'DPSIR', 'valuation', 'ecosystem services' and 'preferences' are likely to lead to effective integration of social sciences in coastal zone management research while 'integration', 'sustainability' and 'participation' remain difficult to operationalize, ii) risk assessments are insufficiently implemented in developing countries, and iii) indicator systems in support of multi-criteria analyses could be used during more stages of the coastal zone management process. Finally, it is suggested that improved collaboration between science and management would require that scientists currently involved in coastal zone management processes further educate themselves in integrated assessment approaches and participatory methodologies.
Journal Of Environmental Management (0301-4797) (Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd), 2015-02-01 , Vol. 149 , P. 85-96

Droits : 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00255/36598/35167.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.10.018
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00255/36598/

Éditeur(s) : Ifremer
Résumé : The subject of this study is to examine the operation and implications of the system of licenses for bottom trawling implemented in the French Mediterranean, this compared with the context of fishing in this area during the last twenty years. The study begins with a review and assessment of the evaluation criteria proposed in the economic literature. This review of the literature is done to find an approach for analysing licensing systems. The study then recounts the main stages of the implementation of the licensing system for trawling in the Mediterranean as well as the context of fishing. After a description of the licensing system and a reminder of the objectives and arguments defended by the various participating groups, the study examines its operation as well as some of its consequences. These latter are captured as much by comparing the criteria from the theory as the objectives pursued. In conclusion, the study brings out the lessons and perspectives of the licensing system. The reader wishing to have a detailed analysis of the economic evolution of trawling in the French Mediterranean can refer specifically to the work of MEURIOT and DREMIERE (1986) meant to round out this study.
L'objet de cette étude est d'examiner le fonctionnement et les implications du système de licences au chalutage de fond mis en place en Méditerranée française, ceci en regard du contexte de la pêche dans cette zone au cours des vingt dernières années. L'étude commence par une revue et appréciation des critères d'évaluation proposés dans la littérature économique. Cette revue de la littérature est destinée à dégager une approche permettant d'analyser un système de licences. L'étude retrace ensuite les principales étapes de la mise en place du système de licences au chalut en Méditérranée ainsi que le contexte des pêches. Après une description du système de licences et un rappel des objectifs et arguments défendus par les différents groupes intervenants, l'étude examine son fonctionnement ainsi que certaines de ses conséquences. Celles-ci sont appréhendées tant en regard des critères issus de la théorie, que des objectifs poursuivis. En conclusion, l'étude dégage les enseignements et perspectives du système de licence. Le lecteur désirant avoir une analyse détaillée de l'évolution économique du chalutage en Méditerranée française peut se reporter en particulier au travail de MEURIOT et DREMIERE (1986) destiné à compléter la présente étude.
Rapports économiques et juridiques de l'IFREMER (0761-3938) (Ifremer), 1986-06 , N. 2 , P. 1-102

Droits : 1987 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1986/rapport-2494.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/2494/

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Dans le cadre de cet article introductif au dossier thématique sur les ressources marines, les auteurs rappellent les enjeux liés aux usages et types de consommation, à leurs modalités de protection et systèmes de gouvernance. Ils rappellent leur importance environnementale, sociale, mais aussi économique pour bon nombre de pays et de communautés côtières. Ils mettent l’accent sur les actions déjà mises en œuvre et sur la nécessité d’approfondir les connaissances dans ce domaine.
In this introductory article of the issue paper on marine resources, the authors review the issues with usage and consumption patterns, in terms of protection and governance systems. They stress their environmental significance, social but also economic for many country and coastal communities. They focus on the actions already implemented and the need to deepen knowledge in this field.
Caraïbes

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.4475
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/4475

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Le présent article introduit les contributions du numéro de la revue Etudes Caribéennes consacré à la thématique de la mondialisation. L’article passe en revue les différentes théories de la mondialisation, en particulier le courant hyper-globaliste, le courant sceptique et le courant transformationiste. En analysant les différentes contributions du numéro, l’auteur conclut que la majorité des articles se range du côté du transformationisme.
The present article introduces the articles of the issue of the journal Etudes Caribéennes, the theme of which is globalization. The introductory article reviews the theoretical literature on the concept of globalization, particularly the perspectives of the hyper-globalists, the skeptics, and the transformationalists. Analysis of the various articles leads the author to conclude that the majority of them side with transformationalism.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.6153
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/6153

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag (Germany)
Résumé : International audience
The anisotropy of vibrational properties influences the acoustic behaviour of wooden pieces and their dependence on grain angle (GA). As most pieces of wood include some GA, either for technological reasons or due to grain deviations inside trunks, predicting its repercussions would be useful. This paper aims at evaluating the variability in the anisotropy of wood vibrational properties and analysing resulting trends as a function of orientation. GA dependence is described by a model based on transformation formulas applied to complex compliances, and literature data on anisotropic vibrational properties are reviewed. Ranges of variability, as well as representative sets of viscoelastic anisotropic parameters, are defined for mean hardwoods and softwoods and for contrasted wood types. GA-dependence calculations are in close agreement with published experimental results and allow comparing the sensitivity of different woods to GA. Calculated trends in damping coefficient (tanδ) and in specific modulus of elasticity (E′/ρ) allow reconstructing the general tanδ-E′/ρ statistical relationships previously reported. Trends for woods with different mechanical parameters merge into a single curve if anisotropic ratios (both elastic and of damping) are correlated between them, and with axial properties, as is indicated by the collected data. On the other hand, varying damping coefficient independently results in parallel curves, which coincide with observations on chemically modified woods, either “artificially”, or by natural extractives.
Wood Science and Technology

hal-01096868
https://hal-agroparistech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01096868
DOI : 10.1007/S00226-010-0393-8

Éditeur(s) : Gauthier-Villars
Résumé : Seven new fish species have been found so far on the Pacific and Atlantic hydrothermal vents: the synaphobranchid Thermobiotes mytilogeiton; the zoarcid Thermarces cerberus and Pachycara thermophilum; the bythitid Bythites hollisi; the cyclopterid Careproctus hyaleius; one zoarcid fish; and one ophidiid fish. The characteristics of the 70 specimens collected, and their location in French and American museums, are listed. The results and observations made on vent fishes and fishes living around the periphery of the vents observed during recent dives (especially along the East Pacific Rise between 17 and 19 degrees S, the North Fiji Basin Rise and the Mid Atlantic Rise) are summarized. Previous literature on vent fishes is reviewed.
Oceanologica Acta (0399-1784) (Gauthier-Villars), 1996 , Vol. 19 , N. 5 , P. 539-548

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00096/20724/18361.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00096/20724/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : This paper presents a collection of wood species with important uses in musical instruments, in reference to historical and geographical cultural specificities, with ranges of viscoelastic vibrational properties by species. Data combine our experimental characterizations and extensive literature review, gathered in a specific relational database. An overview of vibrational properties' distribution on c.400 species is introduced. Two case studies of wood choices for a given function in different epochs or regions are presented: woods for European historical bows, and woods for idiophone bodies in different continents. Trends are contrasted: very different properties associated to historical changes in the first case; some common features over different regions in the second one.
Proceedings of the International Conference of COST Action IE0601 Wood Science for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage
Braga, Portugal

hal-00808403
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00808403
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00808403/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00808403/file/Vibrational_properties_tropical_wood_Bremaud_al.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy B1 - Oxford Open Option B Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUNDA very large proportion of the literature on the endocrine disruptors categorized as anti-androgens deals with phthalates, which are produced in large amounts for use as plastic emollients and additives. In this review, we bring together and analyse work on the effects of phthalates in animals and humans at different stages of their development to assess whether or not their possible anti-androgenic properties represent a significant threat to human health.METHODSThe database PubMed was systematically searched for all English language articles until July 2013 in each subject area discussed.RESULTSWe provide an up-to-date exhaustive, comparative and critical assessment of both in vivo and in vitro studies undertaken to explore the effects of phthalates on the human testis from fetal life to adulthood. These results are compared and discussed in the light of the key data reported in the literature for mice and rats.CONCLUSIONSThe current literature highlights the fact that (i) there is a huge difference between the number of studies performed in animals and in humans, with many fewer for humans; (ii) there are differences in the way rats, mice, primates and humans respond to phthalates, for reasons that need to be further explored; (iii) more work is required to clarify the contradictions, in the few existing human epidemiological studies at all stages of development, which may be partly explained by varying methods of exposure assessment; (iv) in accordance with recent findings in rodents, it cannot be excluded that transgenerational effects of phthalates and/or epigenetic changes exist in humans; (v) a number of methodological limitations need to be solved for the in vitro and xenografting models using human fetal testis to fulfil their 'missing link' role between epidemiological studies in humans and rodent models; and (vi) epidemiological and in vitro studies generally converge sufficiently to conclude that phthalate anti-androgenicity is plausible in adult men.
ISSN: 1355-4786

inserm-00869540
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00869540
DOI : 10.1093/humupd/dmt050
PUBMED : 24077978

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Publié en septembre 2013 dans le "Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction" vol.42 n°5 p.413-444
We review the epidemiological literature on the possible impact of chemical and physical factors on pregnancy outcome. Effects of in-utero exposures on child health are not considered here. The highest levels of evidence concern the effects of passive smoking (on fetal growth), of lead (pregnancy-induced hypertension, fetal growth), of some Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB; on fetal growth) and, to a lesser extent, of atmospheric pollutants (on fetal growth and preterm delivery). For the other compounds, in particular non-persistent chemicals, the literature, which is generally based on poor exposure assessment, is less informative. In conclusion, the last decades have witnessed the development of mother-child cohorts in which exposure biomarkers have been assayed, allowing a large number of publications. For some persistent compounds, for which efficient exposure assessment approaches have been used, the literature indicates a likely impact on pregnancy outcomes. With the exception of air pollutants, the literature on non-persistent compounds is little conclusive; the assay of exposure biomarkers in repeated biological samples collected at relevant time points could help further increase knowledge regarding any health impact.
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00916684

hal-00916684
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00916684
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00916684/document
DOI : 10.1016/j.jgyn.2013.02.012

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Introduction Adverse effect of environmental exposures on the pregnancy is now clearly stated in the literature. Chemical, biological, or physical agents are susceptible to influence the onset of the pregnancy, as well as the fetal development. This paper aims to summarize basic knowledge on the topic. Methods A literature review was conducted based on a targeted search on the Medline database. Results Literature data suggested increased risk of congenital malformation, fetal growth, or impaired neurodevelopment. Adverse environmental effects can be observed during the pregnancy, at birth, during the childhood, during the adulthood, and possibly on the next generation. Discussion Prevention tools can be used to limit several domestic, occupational or lifestyle exposures. While emphasizing the importance of the prevention, it is necessary to remind to pregnant women that frequency of adverse pregnancy outcomes remain uncommon, considering the systematic exposures to a large panel of reprotoxicants. © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS
ISSN: 16374088

hal-01647157
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01647157
DOI : 10.1016/j.sagf.2017.06.004

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles
Résumé : Una introducción a la seguridad turística requiere que nos ocupemos de una revisión bibliográfica. Ciertamente, los planes y los manuales parecen no traducirse en protocolos en momentos de emergencia. Ello sucede pues siempre un estado de emergencia se escapa de toda planificación pero también suele suceder por la falta de definiciones claras respecto a que es la seguridad. En este ensayo, discutiremos los paradigmas y tesis centrales de tres exponentes que han dedicado su vida a dicha tarea. Sevil Somnez, Abraham Pizam y Peter Tarlow han explorado las raíces del terrorismo y la seguridad por más de 20 años, y por eso, a pesar de la crítica, merecen su reconocimiento. La mejor forma de homenajearlos es discutir críticamente sus postulados. Con sus puntos de divergencia, los especialistas se encuentran preocupados por la dependencia occidental del terrorismo con los medios masivos de comunicación, aspecto a discutir en el presente trabajo de revisión.
Une introduction à la sécurité touristique nécessite un examen bibliographique. Certainement, les plans et les manuels semblent ne pas être traduits dans des protocoles de moments de secours. Il s’agit donc toujours d’état d'urgence confronté à l’évènement, sans planification et sans définitions claires de ce qu’est la sécurité. Dans cet essai, nous discuterons les paradigmes et les thèses centrales de trois auteurs qui ont consacré leur vie à la tâche mentionnée ci-dessus. Sevil Somnez, Abraham Pizam et Peter Tarlow ont exploré les racines du terrorisme et la sécurité pendant plus de 20 ans et pour cela, en dépit de la critique, ils méritent notre reconnaissance. La meilleure façon de leur rendre hommage est de discuter de manière critique de leurs postulats. Au-delà de leurs divergences, les spécialistes s’inquiètent de la dépendance occidentale au terrorisme sous le poids des mass-médias, aspect qu’il convient de discuter dans le présent travail de révision.
The specialized literature review is of paramount importance at time of exploring the current problems of tourism security. Certainly, plans and policies provided by guide-books are not being followed in disaster-contests simply chaos and disorder are the nature of emergencies. Beyond any protocol, crises and security are not properly defined by scholars. In this essay-review, we will not pay attention to define what tourism security means, lest by the lens of three senior scholars, Sevil Somnez, Abraham Pizam and Peter Tarlow, who have accomplished this task. They have explored not only the roots of terrorism but security over 20 years. Despite the criticism, they deserve recognition for this legacy. Based on substantial point of divergence, these specialists are concerned by the financial dependency of societies respecting to mass-media and its coverage of terrorist attacks.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.7530
http://etudescaribeennes.revues.org/7530

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The published literature related to distributed parameter systems theory is quite large, and it is not feasible in a single book to give a detailed review on the wide historical development of all of it. Our choice of what to cover was motivated by the following consideration. Since distributed parameter systems evolve in time and space, the research investigations on their analysis and control focus on considering the whole system domain for any study. We feel strongly that within this research field, animportant consideration was missing; that of considering that the system may give raise to prescribed subdomains (regions) where one has to achieve an objective. This is the case of so many applications ranging from engineering to life sciences. For that reason, covering classical prerequisite in analysis and control areas, we have devoted the book to the extension of the classical distributed parameter results to regional ones.Students of mathematics do not come into contacts with distributed parameter systems during their classes. They are introduced to them when they start research and often they are influenced by the knowledge and the advice of experimented scientists. This was our case at the very beginning of these research investigations in the mid 70’s. We would liketo express our special thanks to many of them and mainly late Professor Anthony J. Pritchard (University of Warwick, GB) and late Professor J.L. Lions (College de France) who were so encouraging in front of our determination in driving an academic carrier. We also express our thanks to our co-workers and research students. We wish to acknowledge the feedback from all those who took courses based on various parts of this book.This book may be used by graduate students in mathematics, engineering, physics, and even by students from other fields such as life or environmental sciences. This book may also be used as an information source for researchers and education professionals. We assume that the readers already know the basic concepts of analysis and control of distributedparameter systems.
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01297188

ISBN : 978-2-35412-140-2
hal-01297188
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01297188

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : For ecology scientists, spatial statistics are a set of tools allowing characterization of the structure of a point set, for instance a map of trees in a forest plot. This structure is defined implicitly as a departure from complete spatial randomness (CSR), the result of a Poisson point process. Inhomogeneity of the process and non-independence of points are its causes. As they cannot be disentangled by analyzing the data, so-called "spatial concentration" or "aggregation" (evenness due to repulsion also exists but is actually rare) usually concerns non-independence while intensity is assumed as known. The literature of point processes and measures of spatial structures is reviewed to clarify concepts and choices. The purpose of this thesis was to produce methodological enhancements. Its main results are: * A test for the most used statistic, Ripley's K function, against the null hypothesis of CSR. It can replace Monte-Carlo simulations used until now in the literature. * An extension of K to inhomogeneous processes, within a typology of available statistics (absolute, relative and topographic measures). When data is available as number of objects per zones (say a number of tree in each forest plot) rather than their exact position, information theory is used to define a general framework allowing to characterize spatial structure (of species) and diversity (of plots) as two aspects of a single measure of inequality. This framework is applied to Shannon's index of biodiversity to derive a self-sufficient definition of beta diversity, its calculation independently from the difference between gamma and alpha diversity, and a statistical test of significance against the null hypothesis that plots are samples of the same community. The way is paved for other applications to measures of diversity and spatial structures. As a conclusion, it appears clear that pattern characterization tools are a first step to deal with ecological questionings. Their development is still a matter of research. Yet, they are far from sufficient to address ecological processes as point processes ignore the temporal aspect of object locations.
Les statistiques spatiales sont pour les écologues un ensemble d'outils permettant de caractériser la structure d'un semis de points, par exemple une carte représentant des emplacements des arbres dans une parcelle de forêt. Cette structure est définie implicitement comme un écart à semis complètement aléatoire, résultat d'un processus de Poisson. L'hétérogénéité du processus ponctuel dont le semis de points est une réalisation et la non-indépendance des points en sont les causes indiscernables, ce qui amène généralement à supposer l'intensité du processus connu et nommer " concentration spatiale " ou " agrégation " (la régularité spatiale est possible, mais rare en pratique) la non-indépendance. Une revue de la littérature des processus ponctuels et des mesures de structures spatiales est fournie pour clarifier les concepts et les choix. L'objectif de ce travail de thèse était de produire des améliorations méthodologiques. Ses résultats principaux sont : * L'établissement d'un test pour la principale statistique utilisée, la fonction K de Ripley, permettant de s'affranchir de la méthode de Monte-Carlo utilisée dans la littérature pour rejeter l'hypothèse nulle d'un processus complètement aléatoire. * L'extension de K aux processus hétérogènes, dans le cadre d'une typologie claire des statistiques (absolues, relatives, topographiques). Lorsque la position exacte des objets n'est pas connue, mais que des effectifs par zone sont disponibles (par exemple des nombres d'arbres par parcelle), la théorie de l'information est utilisée pour définir un cadre général permettant de caractériser la structure spatiale (des espèces dans les parcelles) et la diversité (des parcelles, en termes d'espèces) comme deux aspects d'une même mesure d'inégalité. Ce cadre est appliqué à l'indice de biodiversité de Shannon pour définir clairement la mesure de diversité bêta, son calcul direct indépendamment de la différence entre diversités gamma et alpha, et fournir un test statistique de non nullité. La voie est ouverte pour l'application à d'autres mesures de diversité et de structure spatiale. En conclusion, il semble clair que ces outils de caractérisation sont un premier pas pour traiter les questions écologiques, leur développement étant toujours du domaine de la recherche. Ils sont cependant très insuffisants pour répondre à des questions liées aux processus écologiques, assez éloignés des processus ponctuels qui ignorent l'aspect temporel de l'installation des objets.
https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00540327

NNT : 2010AGPT0075
pastel-00540327
https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00540327
https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00540327/document
https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00540327/file/13_Marcon2010.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : National audience
Since the 1950s, Friedman's curves served as reference to guide obstetrical practice around the world. However, recent studies have suggested guidelines based on Freidman's results were too stringent and induce inappropriate and excessive interventionism. The committee aimed to redefine the structure and the normal duration of the labor, as well as the criterion to be fulfilled to consider a labor as abnormal. Several recommendations have been produced based on a systematic literature review. Labor dystocia should not be diagnosed during the latency phase. The beginning of the active phase of the 1st stage of labor has been established between 5 and 6 cm of cervical dilatation, which is later than previously suggested. Rate of cervical dilatation is considered as abnormal below 1 cm per 4 hour during the first part of the active phase, and blow 1 cm per 2 hour above 7 cm of dilatation. A maximum duration for the 2nd stage of labor cannot be defined in the French context, based on the literature. However, exceeding 3 hours, the risk-benefit balance becomes less beneficial. These new guidelines would help to reduce the use of oxytocin and caesarian delivery for labor dystocia. © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS
Revue Sage - Femme

hal-01467546
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01467546
PUBMED : 28483643
DOI : 10.1016/j.sagf.2016.10.006

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Masson
Résumé : International audience
Millimetre waves correspond to the range of frequencies located between 30 and 300 GHz. Many applications exist and are emerging in this band, including wireless telecommunications, imaging and monitoring systems. In addition, some of these frequencies are used in therapy in Eastern Europe, suggesting that interactions with the human body are possible. This review aims to summarise current knowledge on interactions between millimetre waves and living matter. Several representative examples from the scientific literature are presented. Then, possible mechanisms of interactions between millimetre waves and biological systems are discussed.
ISSN: 1631-0705

hal-00874362
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00874362
DOI : 10.1016/j.crhy.2013.02.005