Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : The Danube Canyon is a large shelf-indenting canyon that has developed seaward of the late Pleistocene paleo-Danube valley. Mechanisms of canyon evolution and factors that controlled it are revealed by analyzing the morphology and the sedimentary structure of the canyon, as well as the main features of the continental margin around the canyon. This is based on investigation by swath bathymetry in the canyon area combined with different types of seismic data. The canyon is a major erosional trough with a flat bottom cut by an entrenched axial thalweg. The thalweg path varies from highly meandering to fairly straight in relation to the local gradient. Segments of the canyon are characterized by specific morphology, orientation and gradient along the axial thalweg. We interpret these segments in terms of canyon maturity. The sedimentary structure of the canyon documents an older phase of erosion followed by partial infilling, and thus attests for repeated cycles of canyon development. Canyon morphology is interpreted as a result of erosive sediment flows along the entrenched axial thalweg that caused downcutting into the canyon bottom and instability of the canyon walls, and hence enlargement of the canyon and expansion by headward erosion. During the last lowstand level of the Black Sea the canyon was located in an area of high sediment supply close to the paleo-Danube River mouths. This is indicated by buried fluvial channels on the shelf and by a wave-cut terrace associated with a water level situated about - 90 m below the present level. We infer that erosive flows in the canyon resulted from hyperpycnal currents at the river mouths, probably favored by the low salinity environment that characterized the Black Sea during lowstand times. Other mechanisms could have contributed to trigger sediment failure along the canyon, such as instability related to the presence of shallow gas, or the effect of a deep fault.
Marine Geology (0025-3227) (Elsevier), 2004-05 , Vol. 206 , N. 1-4 , P. 249-265

Droits : 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2004/publication-476.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.margeo.2004.03.003
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/476/

Éditeur(s) : Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd
Résumé : Society's needs for a network of in situ ocean observing systems cross many areas of earth and marine science. Here we review the science themes that benefit from data supplied from ocean observatories. Understanding from existing studies is fragmented to the extent that it lacks the coherent long-term monitoring needed to address questions at the scales essential to understand climate change and improve geo-hazard early warning. Data sets from the deep sea are particularly rare with long-term data available from only a few locations worldwide. These science areas have impacts on societal health and well-being and our awareness of ocean function in a shifting climate. Substantial efforts are underway to realise a network of open-ocean observatories around European Seas that will operate over multiple decades. Some systems are already collecting high-resolution data from surface, water column, seafloor, and sub-seafloor sensors linked to shore by satellite or cable connection in real or near-real time, along with samples and other data collected in a delayed mode. We expect that such observatories will contribute to answering major ocean science questions including: How can monitoring of factors such as seismic activity, pore fluid chemistry and pressure, and gas hydrate stability improve seismic, slope failure, and tsunami warning? What aspects of physical oceanography, biogeochemical cycling, and ecosystems will be most sensitive to climatic and anthropogenic change? What are natural versus anthropogenic changes? Most fundamentally, how are marine processes that occur at differing scales related? The development of ocean observatories provides a substantial opportunity for ocean science to evolve in Europe. Here we also describe some basic attributes of network design. Observatory networks provide the means to coordinate and integrate the collection of standardised data capable of bridging measurement scales across a dispersed area in European Seas adding needed certainty to estimates of future oceanic conditions. Observatory data can be analysed along with other data such as those from satellites, drifting floats, autonomous underwater vehicles, model analysis, and the known distribution and abundances of marine fauna in order to address some of the questions posed above. Standardised methods for information management are also becoming established to ensure better accessibility and traceability of these data sets and ultimately to increase their use for societal benefit. The connection of ocean observatory effort into larger frameworks including the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) and the Global Monitoring of Environment and Security (GMES) is integral to its success. It is in a greater integrated framework that the full potential of the component systems will be realised. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Progress In Oceanography (0079-6611) (Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd), 2011-10 , Vol. 91 , N. 1 , P. 1-33

Droits : 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00044/15557/15923.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.pocean.2011.05.001
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00044/15557/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Taiwan is a young mountain belt, known as one of the most active area in the world. Since the beginning of the 20th century more than twenty _ Mw 7 earthquakes have struck the island. However, the occurrence of larger events (_Mw 8) is still a matter of debate. In this framework it is of key importance to obtain longer record in order to evaluate the occurrence of large past earthquakes. The sub-aqueous paleoseismology, based on the record of the sedimentary gravity deposits, appears as a serious alternative to approach this thematic and is a rapidly advancing field that has the potential to illuminate the long-term history of seismicity.The first part of this work was to investigate the present sedimentary systems off east Taiwan, essential to understand the morphosedimentary features, sedimentary facies and processes governing the evolution of the submarine slope, and the controlling factors of the recent sedimentation. Our results showed that the offshore slope east Taiwan is affected by a variety of sedimentary systems and processes, and that turbidity currents appear as the main erosional processes covering nearly 60% of the sedimentary record. Turbidity currents are generated by distinct controlling factors such as tectonic and climatic activity that enabled us to define twoend-members relative to turbidity currents initiation: Turbidity currents preconditioned by tectonic activity and triggered by earthquakes shaking and likely deposited into intra-slope basin and turbidity currents driven by climatic activity such as extreme floods or typhoons, generated in basin directly connected with onland rivers.The second part consisted to apply a paleoseismic approach, based on turbidites record, at two time-scales. First, we tested and validated the method by correlating turbidites deposits with instrumental earthquakes. Then, once calibrated we extended the time-series back in time. We dated the three most recent turbidites layers circa 2001 ± 3 AD, 1950 ± 5 AD and 1928 ± 10 AD. Using empirical relationship that link peakground acceleration, distance and magnitude to calibrate the seismic sources, we correlate these three turbidites with instrumental earthquakes: the Chengkong Earthquake 12/10/2003 (Mw 6.8), the 11/24/1951 Taitung Earthquake (Mw 7.1) and the 9/4/1935 Lutao Earthquake (Mw 7.0) respectively. Applying criteria to discriminating the different triggering mechanisms for turbidity current generation, we propose that earthquakes are the main triggering mechanisms. Dating and age modeling provided a part of the chronology of extreme events since the last 3000 years and allowed us to estimate return time for earthquakes Mw _ 6.8.This work represents a good starting-point for future investigations in order to better assess Holocene time series of extreme events.
La chaine de Taïwan représente l’une des zones les plus actives au monde. Depuis le début du XXe siècle, plus d’une vingtaine de séismes _Mw 7 ont affecté l’île. Cependant la probabilité d’occurrence de séismes plus importants (_Mw 8) est toujours matière à débat. Dans un tel contexte, il apparait donc important d’obtenir des enregistrements plus anciens pour évaluer l’occurrence de tels évènements. La paléosismologie marine, basée sur l’enregistrement des dépôts issus de la sédimentation gravitaire, apparait comme une alternative sérieuse afin d’illuminer l’histoire de la sismicité sur des périodes anciennes. Ce travail de thèse apporte de nouvelles contraintes sur l’histoire sismique au large, à l’est de Taïwan, au cours des derniers 3000 ans.La première partie de ce travail consiste à caractériser les systèmes sédimentaires récents. Cette étape fut essentielle pour la compréhension des processus, faciès sédimentaires et les facteurs de contrôle de la sédimentation qui régissent l’évolution de la pente sous-marine. Ces résultats ont montré que l’Est de Taïwan est caractérisé par une grande variabilité de processus et que les courants de turbidité dominent l’enregistrement sédimentaire.Les courants de turbidité sont générés par deux facteurs distincts : l’activité tectonique/sismique et l’activité climatique. La deuxième partie de ce travail est consacrée à l’approche paléosismique en utilisant les dépôts de turbidités comme marqueurs des paléoséismes. Pour ce faire, nous avons dans un premier temps testé et validé l’approche à l’échelle du siècle dernier. Ensuite une fois calibré, nous avons pu étendre les séries temporelles à l’échelle de l’Holocène. Nous avons daté les trois plus récents évènements turbiditiques autour de 2001 ± 3 AD, 1950 ± 5 AD et 1928 ± 10 AD. En utilisant des relations empiriques intégrant magnitude, distance et valeur du "peak ground acceleration", nous avons pu calibrer la source sismique et ainsi corréler ces trois turbidites à trois séismes instrumentaux : le séisme de Chengkong (12/10/2003) (Mw 6.8), le séisme de Taitung (11/24/1951) (Mw 7.1) et le séisme de Lutao (9/4/1935) (Mw 7.0). Au-delà du siècle dernier, les datations et modèles d’âges nous permettent d’établir une partie de la chronologie des évènements extrêmes sur une période de 3000 ans et d’estimer un temps de retour pour des évènements de l’ordre _Mw 7. Les résultats ont toutefois montré que ces temps de retour sont nettement supérieurs à ceux connus sur le siècle dernier, ce qui suggère que tous les séismes ne sont pas enregistrés par les dépôts sédimentaires marins. Ce travail de thèse a donc permis de montrer que les dépôts issus de la sédimentation évènementielle peuvent être considérés comme marqueurs de la sismicité et que cette approche peut constituer un outil complémentaire pour les études portant sur le risque sismique.
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01661529

NNT : 2014MON20133
tel-01661529
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01661529
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01661529/document
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01661529/file/55796_LEHU_2014_archivage_cor.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
Background: The objective of the study was to determine the incidence of transaminase elevation during dengue, and its predictive factors. Methods: In 2013, a longitudinal study was performed using data from all cases of dengue seen in Cayenne Hospital. Cox proportional modeling was used. Signs of major transaminase elevation were defined as an increase in aspartate amino transferase (AST) or alanine amino transferase (ALT) concentration over 10 times the normal value (10N). Results: There were 1574 patients and 13 249 person-days of follow-up. The incidence rate for signs of trans-aminase elevation (10N) was 0.55 per 100 person-days. Six patients had major transaminase elevation with AST.1000 units (0.43 per 1000 patient-days), and 73 patients (4.6%) developed transaminase elevation with AST .10N. The variables independently associated with major transaminase elevation were hyponatremia, low platelets, dehydration, hematocrit increase, food intolerance, positive nonstructural protein 1 (NS1), age over 15 years and the notion of paracetamol intake. Conclusions: Although very frequent, the incidence of major transaminase elevation was lower than reported elsewhere perhaps because of good access to care, or of the particular serotype causing this epidemic. The patients with transaminase elevation tended to be older, more severe and taking paracetamol.
ISSN: 0035-9203

inserm-01475594
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01475594
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01475594/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01475594/file/2016%2C%20Djossou%20-%20Incidence%20and%20predictive%20factors%20of%20transaminase.pdf
DOI : 10.1093/trstmh/trv117

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
French Guiana is a South American French territory, where HIV prevalence consistently exceeds 1% in the adult population. In the only correctional facility, HIV prevalence fluctuates at around 4%.
After describing the population of HIV-positive inmates, we aimed to evaluate mortality after release from the correctional facility, and to identify its predictive factors.
Outside North American settings, data on treatment outcome and vital status of HIV-positive former inmates are scarce. There were no data in French Guiana. Filling this gap represents a basis for potential improvements.
All HIV-infected adults released from an incarceration of 30 days or more, between 2007 and 2013, were enrolled in a retrospective cohort study. Mortality was described over time, one to seven years following release, using Kaplan-Meier estimates. Factors associated with mortality were identified through a non-parametric survival regression model.
147 former inmates were included. The male to female ratio was 4.4. The median age was 37.3 years. The majority were migrants, 25.8% were homeless, 70.1% suffered from substance abuse, with 34.0% of crack-cocaine users. On admission, 78.1% had an early HIV-stage infection (CDC-stage A), with a median CD4 count of 397.5/mm3, 34.0% had one comorbidity, mainly hypertension. Upon release, 50.3% were on ART. Reasons for not being treated were not fulfilling the criteria for 74.6%, and refusing for 15.1%. Before release, 84.5% of the patients on ART had a viral load≤200cp/ml. After release, 8.2% of the cohort had died, with a crude incidence of 33.8/1000 person-years. All recorded deaths were males, with an incidence of 42.2/1000 person-years. Comparing with the age-specific mortality rates for males in French Guiana, the standardized mortality ratio was 14.8. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with death were age and CD4 count before release.
Despite access to ART while incarcerated, with good virological outcome, the post-release mortality was very high for males, almost 15 times what is observed in the general male population living in French Guiana, after age standardization. Access to ART in correctional facilities may be a necessary, but not sufficient condition to protect male inmates from death after release.
ISSN: 1932-6203

inserm-01519987
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01519987
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01519987/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01519987/file/2017%2C%20Huber%20-%20Mortality%20HIV%20prisoners%20after%20release.pdf
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0175740.t002

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : French Guiana is a region located on the Guiana Shield in South America. Is presents at the same time a high originality in biodiversity, a good state of conservation and a strong correlation to Amazonian carbon stocks. Knowledge on evolution of the forest structure of French Guiana is however still insufficient to bring an optimal management at territory scale. Availability as never seen before of remote sensing data at high spatial resolution such as LiDAR, on large coverage, offers the opportunity to assess the forest resource in French Guiana. The work done during this thesis aim mostly to study the structure and the variations of the canopy height, the factors determining its variability and the consequences of forest logging activities. The data used during this thesis come from an airborne LiDAR and field data from Office National des Forêts (ONF). This thesis manuscript is divided in three parts. The first part introduces the problem and sets the objectives of the thesis. The second part takes the so-called "article" form, that is, the different chapters that compose it are scientific articles published or in the course of publication, it is composed of three studies (I) A study on the gaps detection and environmental determinants on the gap sizes distribution in natural forest: How to characterize the gap size distribution and are there environmental determinants that influence the statistical distribution of gap size? This article has been submitted in Biogeoscience. (ii) A study of the control of the environment on the canopy height structure and variations at different spatial resolutions. Which spatial scales are relevant for analyzing the environmental determinants of canopy height changes in tropical forests from remote sensing data? How can the environment help or not map the height of the canopy in the rainforest? This article was accepted for publication in Remote Sensing. (iii) a third study where we quantified the effects of Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) on the structure and variation of canopy height. What are the effects of logging on canopy height variations and gap size distribution? This article will be submitted for publication in a Forest Ecology and Management journal. In the last part, after a synthesis of the main results, we propose a conclusion.
La Guyane française est une région située sur le Plateau des Guyanes en Amérique du sud. Elle présente à la fois une grande originalité en termes de biodiversité, un bon état de conservation et une forte contribution au stock de carbone Amazonien. Les connaissances sur l’évolution de la structure forestière de la Guyane française restent cependant insuffisantes pour offrir une gestion optimale à l’échelle du territoire. La disponibilité sans précédent de données de télédétection à très haute résolution spatiale telles que le LiDAR , sur de larges couvertures nous offre l'opportunité d’évaluer la ressource forestière de la Guyane Française. Les travaux réalisés dans le cadre de cette thèse visent prioritairement à étudier la structure et les variations de la hauteur de canopée, les facteurs déterminant sa variabilité ainsi que les conséquences des activités d’exploitation forestière. Les données utilisées au cours de la thèse proviennent d’un LiDAR aéroporté et des données de terrains de l'Office National des Forêts (ONF). Ce manuscrit de thèse est divisé en trois grandes parties. La première partie introduit la problématique et fixe les objectifs de la thèse. La seconde partie prend la forme dite « sur article », c'est-à-dire que les différents chapitres qui la compose sont des articles scientifiques publiés ou en cours de publication, elle est composée de trois études. (i) Une étude concernant la détection des trouées et des déterminants environnementaux sur la distribution de tailles des trouées en forêt non exploitée : Comment caractériser la distribution de taille des trouées et est-ce qu’il y a des déterminants environnementaux qui influencent la distribution statistique de taille de trouées? Cet article à été soumis dans Biogeoscience. (ii) Une étude du contrôle de l'environnement sur la structure et les variations de la hauteur de canopée à différentes résolutions spatiales. Quelles échelles spatiales sont pertinentes pour analyser les déterminants environnementaux des variations de hauteur de la canopée en forêt tropicale à partir des données de télédétection ? Comment l’environnement peut aider, ou pas, à cartographier la hauteur de la canopée en forêt tropicale ? Cet article à été accepté pour publication dans Remote Sensing. (iii) Une troisième étude où nous avons quantifié les effets de l’exploitation à faible impact (EFI) sur la structure et la variation de la hauteur de canopée. Quelles sont les effets de l’exploitation forestière sur les variations de hauteur de canopée et sur la distribution de taille des trouées ? Cet article sera soumis pour publication dans une revue scientifique (Forest Ecology and Management). Dans la dernière partie, après une synthèse des principaux résultats, nous proposons des pistes de développement.
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01527553

NNT : 2016YANE0006
tel-01527553
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01527553
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01527553/document
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01527553/file/these-youven-goulamoussene2.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
Résumé : International audience
Vibrio metoecus is the closest relative of Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the potent diarrheal disease cholera. Although the pathogenic potential of this new species is yet to be studied in depth, it has been co-isolated with V. cholerae in coastal waters and found in clinical specimens in the USA. We used these two organisms to investigate the genetic interaction between closely related species in their natural environment. The genomes of twenty V. cholerae and four V. metoecus strains isolated from a brackish coastal pond on the US east coast, as well as four clinical V. metoecus strains were sequenced and compared to reference strains. Whole genome comparison shows 86-87% average nucleotide identity (ANI) in their core genes between the two species. On the other hand, the chromosomal integron, which occupies approximately 3% of their genomes, shows higher conservation in ANI between species than any other region of their genomes. The ANI of 93-94% observed in this region is not significantly greater within than between species, meaning that it does not follow species boundaries. V. metoecus does not encode toxigenic V. cholerae major virulence factors, the cholera toxin and toxin co-regulated pilus. However, some of the pathogenicity islands found in pandemic V. cholerae were either present in the common ancestor it shares with V. metoecus, or acquired by clinical and environmental V. metoecus in partial fragments. The virulence factors of V. cholerae are therefore both more ancient and more widespread than previously believed. There is high interspecies recombination in the core genome, which has been detected in 24% of the single-copy core genes, including genes involved in pathogenicity. V. metoecus was six times more often the recipient of DNA from V. cholerae as it was the donor, indicating a strong bias in the direction of gene transfer in the environment.
ISSN: 1759-6653

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
hal-01264332
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01264332
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01264332/document
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01264332/file/Genome%20Biol%20Evol-2015-Orata-gbe_evv193.pdf
DOI : 10.1093/gbe/evv193

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
The natural history of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) has been unclear due to the absence of prospective studies. The rate of patients who experience an early progression of their disease is unknown. Additionally, conflicting effects of smoking cessation on the outcome of PLCH have been reported. In this prospective, multicentre study, 58 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed PLCH were comprehensively evaluated over a two-year period. Our objectives were to estimate the incidence of early progression of the disease and to evaluate the impact of smoking status on lung function outcomes. Lung function deterioration was defined as a decrease of at least 15% in FEV1 and/or FVC and/or DLCO, compared with baseline values. At each visit, smoking status was recorded based on the patients' self-reports and urinary cotinine measurements that were blinded for the patients. The cumulative incidence of lung function outcomes over time was estimated using the non-parametric Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate Cox models with time-dependent covariates were used to calculate the hazards ratios of the lung function deterioration associated with smoking status with adjustment for potential confounders. The cumulative incidence of lung function deterioration at 24 months was 38% (22% for FEV1 and DLCO, and 9% for FVC). In the multivariate analysis, smoking status and PaO2 at inclusion were the only factors associated with the risk of lung function deterioration. The patients' smoking statuses markedly changed over time. Only 20% of the patients quit using tobacco for the entire study period. Nevertheless, being a non-smoker was associated with a decreased risk of subsequent lung function deterioration, even after adjustment for baseline predictive factors. By serial lung computed tomography, the extent of cystic lesions increased in only 11% of patients. Serial lung function evaluation on a three- to six-month basis is essential for the follow-up of patients with recently diagnosed PLCH to identify those who experience an early progression of their disease. These patients are highly addicted to tobacco, and robust efforts should be undertaken to include them in smoking cessation programs. ClinicalTrials.gov: No: NCT01225601 .
ISSN: 1750-1172

hal-01146047
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01146047
PUBMED : 25887097
DOI : 10.1186/s13023-015-0249-2

Résumé : SODACAL prawn farm which was set up as a pilot farm for the development of a prawn industry in New Caledonia, saw its production exponentially rise from 1984 to 1992 (to 400 t/year, then experienced a sharp drop in 1993 (250 t/year) which carried on until 1997, and finally rose back to a stabilizing level around 400 t/year until 1999. The study analyses the difficulties observed before and during the drop of production. Among them, mortality outbreaks, other biological perturbations (benthic mat clearing and crab and fish mortality) and focus on the noxious state of the bottom (reduced and smelling sulfide hydrogen). It particularly shows that Syndrome 93 outbreaks could be observed on this farm from 1990. The analysis highlights the particular climatic conditions in New Caledonia from 1990 to 1995 (drought) and their potential impact on the production. The development of this very particular process of physical and topographic differential evolution of the pond bottom under wind action (accumulation and digging) and its consequences on pond preparation is explained. This work takes a close look at the grow-out management : age and quality of post larvae, pond stocking with pre-grown animals, feed characteristics and management, water exchange management and pumping capacity, strategy on density and size of harvested animals. The results have been assessed using a distinctive tool, the "survival differential", allowing inter-pond comparisons within a site, inter-farms comparisons over pluri-annual periods of time. >From the commented farm results over a 20 year period, we could distinguish the principal factors responsible for the drop of grow-out capacity of some ponds. We have outlined a conceptual description of the different parameters leading to the decrease of survival, an epidemiological scenario and a synoptic table of the history of events and their relative severity. The study draws the hypothesis of a cumulative effect of positive factors, which could have led back to satisfying production results: a physical and biochemical restoration of pond bottoms, a modified and standardized grow-out management, an appropriate pumping capacity and the come back of adequate climatic conditions. This case study illustrates the concept of « flexibility » of the farming capacity and the sustainability of prawn farming in New Caledonia. The clear objective of this 20 year historic investigation was to get relevant information, in order to improve the understanding on the "summer syndrome" which hits two farms at the moment, and to participate in the hypothesis under study by the DAC (2005). We also tried to make the new farmers aware of the fragility of the pond ecosystem, and give some common-sense advices in the hope that such problems will not happen again in other places.
La ferme de SODACAL, conçue à l'origine comme une ferme de démonstration pour le développement d'une filière d'aquaculture exportatrice de crevettes en Nouvelle-Calédonie a connu une phase de croissance exponentielle de sa production de 1984 à 1992 (jusqu'à 400 t/an), puis une chute brutale en 1993 (250 t/an) qui s'est prolongée jusqu'en 1997 et enfin une reprise à partir de 1998 pour arriver à une stabilisation autour de 420 t/an depuis 1999. L'étude inventorie les dysfonctionnements observés avant et pendant la crise de production. Parmi ceux-ci sont évoqués les épisodes de mortalité de crevettes, d'autres désordres biologiques (décollements de tapis benthique et « hécatombes » de crabes et de poissons), l'état délétère des fonds (sédiments réduits et odeur d'hydrogène sulfuré). Elle permet notamment de montrer que des épisodes de mortalité typiques du Syndrome 93 pouvaient être observés sur cette ferme dès 1990. L'étude met en évidence les conditions climatiques remarquables qui ont sévi en Nouvelle-Calédonie de 1990 à 1995 (sécheresse) et leur impact probable sur les élevages. La genèse du phénomène très particulier d'évolution physique et topographique des fonds des bassins par l'effet du vent (accumulation et creusement) et des conséquences sur la préparation des bassins est explicitée. Ce travail aborde la gestion zootechnique : l'âge et la « qualité » des post larves, la pratique des ensemencements à partir d'animaux pré grossis, la gestion de l'alimentation et la nature de la provende, le contrôle du renouvellement d'eau et la capacité de pompage, le choix des densités et du calibre des animaux récoltés. Les résultats ont pu être évalués à travers un outil original «le différentiel de survie », permettant des comparaisons inter-bassins au sein du site, inter-fermes à des périodes pluri annuelles distinctes. A partir des résultats commentés de la ferme obtenus sur 20 années, on a pu distinguer les principaux facteurs qui ont provoqué cette chute d'aptitude culturale de certains bassins. Un schéma conceptuel des différents paramètres ayant conduit à la baisse des survies, un scénario épidémiologique ainsi qu'un tableau synoptique de la chronologie des évènements et de leur relative sévérité sont esquissés. Le rapport ébauche l'hypothèse d'un cumul de causes favorables qui ont permis le retour à des résultats zootechniques satisfaisants : une réhabilitation physique et biochimique des fonds de bassins, une zootechnie modifiée et standardisée, une capacité de pompage adéquate et une climatologie de nouveau favorable. Cette étude de cas permet ainsi d'illustrer les notions d « élasticité » de l'aptitude culturale et de durabilité de la crevetticulture en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Le but de cette enquête historique sur 20 ans est l'acquisition d'informations pertinentes permettant d'améliorer la compréhension du « Syndrome d'été » qui affecte actuellement deux fermes de production et ainsi aider à compléter le scénario hypothétique avancé par le Dac (2005). Enfin, au travers de cet historique, on a cherché également à sensibiliser les nouveaux opérateurs de la filière sur la fragilité de l'écosystème-bassin et présenter quelques conseils de bon sens pour éviter que de tels phénomènes ne se reproduisent ailleurs.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2005/rapport-718.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/718/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Royal Society, The
Résumé : International audience
Coral spawning times have been linked to multiple environmental factors; however, to what extent these factors act as generalized cues across multiple species and large spatial scales is unknown. We used a unique dataset of coral spawning from 34 reefs in the Indian and Pacific Oceans to test if month of spawning and peak spawning month in assemblages of Acropora spp. can be predicted by sea surface temperature (SST), photosynthetically available radiation, wind speed, current speed, rainfall or sunset time. Contrary to the classic view that high mean SST initiates coral spawning, we found rapid increases in SST to be the best predictor in both cases (month of spawning: R2 = 0.73, peak: R2 = 0.62). Our findings suggest that a rapid increase in SST provides the dominant proximate cue for coral mass spawning over large geographical scales. We hypothesize that coral spawning is ultimately timed to ensure optimal fertilization success.
ISSN: 0962-8452

hal-01325704
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01325704
DOI : 10.1098/rspb.2016.0011

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : Shrimp farming is a small but growing industry in New Caledonia. Since 1993, "Syndrome 93" has been affecting New Caledonian shrimp farming industry every cold season, causing severe epizootic mortalities in grow-out ponds and significant losses. Highly pathogenic strains of Vibrio penaeicida are considered the etiological agent of the disease in Litopenaeus stylirostris. On one hand, studies demonstrated that healthy shrimp may carry V penaeicida for weeks with a high overall prevalence, regardless of any seasonal pattern or temperature conditions. On the other hand, larvae are free of V penaeicida and are also resistant to experimental infection. V penaeicida is frequently detected in incoming water pumped from the bays, which was shown, by a molecular typing study, to be the infectious source. This particular epidemiological pattern highlights the major role of the factors that trigger and aggravate the disease in grow-out ponds, where shrimp populations carry the pathogen all year round. In order to gain a better understanding of "Syndrome 93" epidemiology, quantification of V penaeicida both in shrimp and the shrimp farm ecosystem is necessary. This article describes the steps in the successful development of a real-time PCR quantification assay of V penaeicida in shrimp haemolymph, seawater (from ponds or bays) and sediment pore water, including the choice of an accurate extraction technique. The entire detection method; including sample processing, DNA extraction and real-time PCR amplification, can be completed within 4 h. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.
Journal of Microbiological Methods (0167-7012) (Elsevier), 2006-10 , Vol. 67 , N. 1 , P. 27-35

Droits : 2006 Elsevier
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-1903.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.mimet.2006.02.013
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1903/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a particularly severe disease characterized by a high rate of recurrence and death even after surgical resection. Molecular characterization of HCC helps refine prognosis and may facilitate the development of improved therapy. Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases have recently been identified as cellular factors associated with cancer. Also, phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type IIIα (PI4KA) is necessary for the propagation of the hepatitis C virus, a major etiological factor for HCC. METHODS: Reverse transcription, quantitative real-time PCR was used to assay PI4KA mRNA. The expression levels were investigated both in a collection of molecularly and clinically characterized hepatic tissues from 344 patients with diverse liver diseases and in human hepatocyte cell lines whose proliferative and differentiation status was controlled by specific culture conditions. Analytical microarray data for 60 HCC and six normal liver tissue samples were exploited to study correlations between PI4KA mRNA levels and cell proliferation markers in vivo. Postoperative disease-specific survival and time to recurrence in a set of 214 patients with HCC were studied by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: PI4KA mRNA was more abundant in HCC than normal healthy tissues. This upregulation correlated significantly with both poor differentiation and the active proliferation rate in HCC. These associations were confirmed with in vitro models. Moreover, patients with HCC who had been treated by surgical resection and had higher PI4KA mRNA concentrations in their tumor tissue exhibited a higher risk of tumor recurrence (median time: 20 months versus 49 months, P = 0.0012) and shorter disease-specific survival (first quartile time: 16 months versus 48 months, P = 0.0004). Finally, the abundance of PI4KA mRNA proved to be an independent prognostic marker of survival for cases of HCC (hazard ratio = 2.36, P = 0.0064). CONCLUSIONS: PI4KA mRNA could be used as a new molecular marker to improve established prognostic models for HCC. These findings also indicate possible new lines of research for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches targeting PI4KA.
ISSN: 1471-2407

inserm-00934294
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00934294
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00934294/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00934294/file/1471-2407-14-7.pdf
DOI : 10.1186/1471-2407-14-7

Éditeur(s) : Public Library Science
Résumé : The European Union and other states are moving towards Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management to balance food production and security with wider ecosystem concerns. Fishing is only one of several sectors operating within the ocean environment, competing for renewable and non-renewable resources that overlap in a limited space. Other sectors include marine mining, energy generation, recreation, transport and conservation. Trade-offs of these competing sectors are already part of the process but attempts to detail how the seas are being utilised have been primarily based on compilations of data on human activity at large spatial scales. Advances including satellite and shipping automatic tracking enable investigation of factors influencing fishers' choice of fishing grounds at spatial scales relevant to decision-making, including the presence or avoidance of activities by other sectors. We analyse the determinants of English and Welsh scallop-dredging fleet behaviour, including competing sectors, operating in the eastern English Channel. Results indicate aggregate mining activity, maritime traffic, increased fishing costs, and the English inshore 6 and French 12 nautical mile limits negatively impact fishers' likelihood of fishing in otherwise suitable areas. Past success, net-benefits and fishing within the 12 NM predispose fishers to use areas. Systematic conservation planning has yet to be widely applied in marine systems, and the dynamics of spatial overlap of fishing with other activities have not been studied at scales relevant to fisher decision-making. This study demonstrates fisher decision-making is indeed affected by the real-time presence of other sectors in an area, and therefore trade-offs which need to be accounted for in marine planning. As marine resource extraction demands intensify, governments will need to take a more proactive approach to resolving these trade-offs, and studies such as this will be required as the evidential foundation for future seascape planning.
Plos One (1932-6203) (Public Library Science), 2015-01-27 , Vol. 10 , N. 1 , P. 1-14

Droits : 2015 Tidd et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00254/36518/35064.pdf
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0116335
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00254/36518/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
OBJECTIVES: Tracheobronchial stenosis (TBS) is noted in 12-23% of patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), and includes subglottic stenosis and bronchial stenosis. We aimed to analyse the endoscopic management of TBS in GPA and to identify factors associated with the efficacy of endoscopic interventions. METHODS: We conducted a French nationwide retrospective study that included 47 patients with GPA-related TBS. RESULTS: Compared with patients without TBS, those with TBS were younger, more frequently female and had less frequent kidney, ocular and gastrointestinal involvement and mononeuritis multiplex. Endoscopic procedures included 137 tracheal and 50 bronchial interventions, mainly endoscopic dilatation, local steroid injection and conservative laser surgery, and less frequently stenting. After the first endoscopic procedure, the cumulative incidence of endoscopic treatment failure was 49% at 1 year, 70% at 2 years and 80% at 5 years. Factors significantly associated with a higher cumulative incidence of treatment failure were a shorter time from GPA diagnosis to endoscopic procedure [hazard ratio (HR) 1.08 (95% CI 1.01, 1.14); P = 0.01] and a bronchial stenosis [HR 1.96 (95% CI 1.28, 3.00); P = 0.002]. A prednisone dose ≥30 mg/day at the time of the procedure was associated with a lower cumulative incidence of treatment failure [HR 0.53 (95% CI 0.31, 0.89); P = 0.02]. CONCLUSION: TBS represents severe and refractory manifestations with a high rate of restenosis. High-dose systemic CSs at the time of the procedure and increased time from GPA diagnosis to bronchoscopic intervention are associated with a better event-free survival. In contrast, bronchial stenoses are associated with a higher rate of restenosis than subglottic stenosis.
ISSN: 1462-0324

hal-01155105
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01155105
DOI : 10.1093/rheumatology/kev129
PUBMED : 26001634

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD IWA Publishing
Résumé : International audience
This study proposes a new approach for improving resource quality management, monitoring and treatment plant management, whatever the environmental and climatic stressors. First trend analysis of water quality at a river basin scale, based on historical water quality data and multivariate exploitation (principal component analysis, PCA), led to a classification of the monitoring stations with regard to the main pressures (land use, urbanization and hydroclimatic impacts). This method was applied to the Vilaine's watershed, the largest river basin in Brittany, western France, and one which is under agricultural and urban pressure. A complementary research using a UV index was proposed for the evaluation of spatial and temporal variations of water quality. This approach may be considered as a useful and relevant tool to quickly assess the variation of water quality and the main explanatory factors. It also points out monitoring stations under specific stressors considered as outliers regarding UV parameters. Finally, PCA and UV index give complementary results. PCA allows factors influencing drinking water resource to be highlighted and the UV index allows global water quality under specific times and impacts to be reflected.
Water Science and Technology: Water Supply

hal-00878159
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00878159
DOI : 10.2166/ws.2012.047

Éditeur(s) : Université de la Réunion
Résumé : The green turtle (Chelonia mydas) is an emblematic species of marine life. However, nowadays it is subject to many threats (poaching, by-catch). Even if there is deep growing measures for its protection, the green turtle still is an endangered species and it is listed in Appendix I of Washington Convention (CITES). In order to elaborate efficient conservation and management plans, perfect knowledge of green turtle biology, but also of its population structure and their characteristics, are needed. In this thesis, we have assessed genetic structure of green turtle populations in the South-Western Indian Ocean by using genetic tools. In all, 1551 tissue samples have been collected from our study zone and from our control site French Polynesia (37 samples). All kinds if individuals were sampled (except males in reproductive phase) from 15 sampling sites including nesting, foraging, and immature development site. We used both control region of mitochondrial DNA and 6 microsatellite loci to better infer maternal and paternal lineages. We identified 29 haplotypes in the South-Western Indian Ocean. They are distributed in 3 independent and highly divergent clades, including one composed with haplotypes from Atlantic Ocean. For 7 of these haplotypes, it was the first time they were detected in the study zone. Fifteen haplotypes were previously undescribed, distributed in all the 3 clades. These new haplotypes seem to be specific to the South-Western Indian Ocean, which is then an original zone. Besides, we found a high allelic richness. These results show the South-western Indian Ocean is rich and very diversified. This region plays an important role in the global diversity of the species. The South-Western Indian Ocean is one of the two contact zones presently known between the two metapopulations of green turtles (Atlantic-Mediterranean and Indo-Pacific). This contact induces a genetic cline based on CM8 (Atlantic) and C3 (Indo-Pacific) haplotype frequencies. Analysis of the microsatellite differentiation between individuals provides evidence of genetic exchanges between the two metapopulations in the region. The South-Western Indian Ocean participates to green turtle global genetic mixing. Studying the influence of several intrinsic and extrinsic factors on population structuring provides useful information for management plan elaboration. We found no significant difference between genetic structures of foraging females and males, contrary to immature turtles which seem to be organised in 'regional pools'. This organisation could be due to both immature natal homing and influence of oceanic currents. High mitochondrial differentiation of nesting females and low global microsatellite differentiation of our samples indicate male-mediated gene flow among populations of the study zone. The genetic composition of a sampling site presents no significant variation along the year, even if we could notice some trends. Nevertheless, it can be significantly different from a year to an other one. This may result from alternation of distinct populations on the same site. We noticed different evolution in 10 or 20 years of the genetic composition depending on the sampling site. Geographic distance seems not to have significant influence on population structuring concerning microsatellite markers. Nesting females of Saziley Beach (Mayotte Island, Comoros Archipelago) present genetic divergence from females nesting in the two other sampled beaches of this island. The observed population structure shows no contradiction with the organisation of oceanic currents in the South-Western Indian Ocean. Comparing the results from the two genetic markers used, we identified 8 genetic differentiated clusters of turtles in the study zone and at least 6 distinct populations. These clusters constitute 8 potential management units (MUs) which could serve as basis in the elaboration of conservation and management plans.
La tortue verte (Chelonia mydas) constitue l'un des espèces emblématiques de la vie marine, pourtant de nombreuses menaces pèsent de nos jours encore sur sa survie (braconnage, captures accidentelles). Ainsi, malgré l'essor de mesures de protection menées à travers pour sa sauvegarde, la tortue verte constitue une espèce 'en danger d'extinction' et figure dans l'Annexe I de la Convention de Washington (CITES). Afin d'élaborer des plans de gestion et de conservation qui soient efficaces, il est important d'avoir une parfaite connaissance de la biologie de la tortue verte, mais aussi de la structure de ses populations et de leurs caractéristiques. C'est dans ce cadre que s'inscrit la présente étude. L'objectif de cette étude était d'acquérir des connaissances sur la structure des populations de tortues vertes dans le sud-ouest de l'océan Indien grâce à l'utilisation de l'outil génétique. Au total, 1551 échantillons de tissu ont été collectés dans la zone d'étude et dans notre site témoin la Polynésie française (37 échantillons). Toutes les catégories d'individus ont été échantillonnées (excepté les mâles en phase de reproduction) et les 15 sites d'échantillonnage comprennent à la fois des sites de ponte, d'alimentation et de développement pour les immatures. Deux types de marqueurs ont été utilisés : la région contrôle de l'ADN mitochondrial et 6 loci microsatellites, afin d'appréhender au mieux l'apport des lignées maternelles et paternelles. Nous avons pu mettre en évidence la présence dans le sud-ouest de l'océan Indien de 29 haplotypes distincts, appartenant à trois clades fortement divergents dont l'un constitué d'haplotypes originaires de l'océan Atlantique. Parmi ces haplotypes, 7 ont été détectés pour la première fois dans la zone d'étude, et 15 autres n'ont jamais été précédemment décrits chez cette espèce. Ils sont présents dans chacun des 3 clades d'haplotypes. Ces nouveaux haplotypes semblent spécifiques à la région, et en font une zone originale. On observe par ailleurs une grande richesse allélique dans les effectifs analysés. Ces résultats montrent que le sud-ouest de l'océan Indien est une zone riche et très diversifiée. Cette région joue un rôle important dans la diversité génétique globale de l'espèce. Le sud-ouest de l'océan Indien constitue l'une des deux seules zones connues à l'heure actuelle de contact entre les deux métapopulations de tortues vertes (Atlantique-Méditerranée et Indo-Pacifique). Ce contact a entraîné la formation d'un cline génétique portant principalement sur les fréquences relatives des haplotypes CM8 (Atlantique) et C3 (Indo-Pacifique). Les résultats obtenus lors de l'analyse microsatellite de la différenciation entre les individus originaires des deux métapopulations montrent que le sud-ouest de l'océan Indien constitue une zone d'échanges génétiques entre les deux métapopulations, participant au brasage génétique de l'espèce. L'étude de facteurs, intrinsèques et extrinsèques, pouvant influencer la structuration des populations apportent de nombreuses informations qui pourraient s'avérer utiles lors de l'élaboration de plans de gestion. La structure des femelles et des mâles en alimentation ne diffère pas, contrairement à celle des immatures qui semble s'organiser en 'pools régionaux' qui seraient le fruit de l'interaction d'un comportement de philopatrie et d'une influence des courants océaniques. La forte différenciation mitochondriale des femelles en ponte et la très faible différenciation microsatellite observée à l'échelle de la région, indiquent l'existence de flux de gènes via les mâles. La composition génétique d'un site ne varie pas de manière significative au cours de l'année. Par contre, elle peut varier d'une année à l'autre, signifiant l'alternance dans certains sites de ponte de plusieurs populations distinctes. L'évolution de la composition génétique d'un groupe, au cours de 10 ou 20 ans, diffère selon le site considéré. La distance ne semble pas influencer de manière significative la structuration des populations au niveau microsatellite. Les femelles en ponte sur la plage de Saziley (Mayotte) diffèrent génétiquement de celles pondant sur les deux autres plages de l'île. La structure observée des populations est en accord avec l'organisation des courants océanique dans la région. La confrontation des résultats obtenus à partir des deux marqueurs génétiques utilisés, permet la détermination de 8 ensembles génétiquement différenciés dans la zone d'étude et l'identification d'au moins 6 populations distinctes. Ces ensembles constituent autant d'unités de gestion (MUs) potentielles qui pourront servir de base à l'élaboration de plans de gestion et de conservation.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/these-3532.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/3532/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Long-term exposure to air pollution (AP) has been shown to have an impact on mortality in numerous countries, but since 2005 no data exists for France. We analyzed the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and mortality at the individual level in a large French cohort followed from 1989 to 2013. The study sample consisted of 20,327 adults working at the French national electricity and gas company EDF-GDF. Annual exposure to PM10, PM10–2.5, PM2.5, NO2, O3, SO2, and benzene was assessed for the place of residence of participants using a chemistry-transport model and taking residential history into account. Hazard ratios were estimated using a Cox proportional-hazards regression model, adjusted for selected individual and contextual risk factors. Hazard ratios were computed for an interquartile range (IQR) increase in air pollutant concentrations. The cohort recorded 1967 non-accidental deaths. Long-term exposures to baseline PM2.5, PM10-25, NO2 and benzene were associated with an increase in non-accidental mortality (Hazard Ratio, HR = 1.09; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.20 per 5.9 μg/m3, PM10-25; HR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.15 per 2.2 μg/m3, NO2: HR = 1.14; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.31 per 19.3 μg/m3 and benzene: HR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.22 per 1.7 μg/m3).The strongest association was found for PM10: HR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.25 per 7.8 μg/m3. PM10, PM10-25 and SO2 were associated with non-accidental mortality when using time varying exposure. No significant associations were observed between air pollution and cardiovascular and respiratory mortality. Long-term exposure to fine particles, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and benzene is associated with an increased risk of non-accidental mortality in France. Our results strengthen existing evidence that outdoor air pollution is a significant environmental risk factor for mortality. Due to the limited sample size and the nature of our study (occupational), further investigations are needed in France with a larger representative population sample.
ISSN: 0160-4120

hal-01187145
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01187145
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01187145/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01187145/file/Association%20between%20long-term%20exposure%20to%20air%20pollution%20and%20mortality_accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.envint.2015.08.006

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
Background: Despite intensive research over several decades, the etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains poorly understood, although environmental factors are supposedly implicated. Our goal was to identify spatial clusters of MS incident cases at the small-area level to provide clues to local environmental risk factors that might cause or trigger the disease. Methods: A population-based and multi-stage study was performed in the French Brittany region to accurately ascertain the clinical onset of disease during the 2000-2004 period. The municipality of residence at the time of clinical onset was geocoded. To test for the presence of MS incidence clusters and to identify their approximate locations, we used a spatial scan statistic. We adjusted for socioeconomic deprivation, known to be strongly associated with increased MS incident rates, and scanned simultaneously for areas with either high or low rates. Sensitivity analyses (focusing on relapsing-remitting forms and/or places of residence available within the year following clinical onset) were performed. Results: A total of 848 incident cases of MS were registered in Brittany, corresponding to a crude annual incidence rate of 5.8 per 100,000 inhabitants. The spatial scan statistic did not find a significant cluster of MS incidence in either the primary analysis (p value >= 0.56) or in the sensitivity analyses (p value >= 0.16). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that MS incidence is not markedly affected across space, suggesting that in the years preceding the first clinical expression of the disease, no environmental trigger is operative at the small-area population level in the French Brittany region.
ISSN: 1476-072X

hal-01616063
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01616063
DOI : 10.1186/s12942-017-0108-6
PUBMED : 28934989

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
OBJECTIVE: To analyze complications of endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETS) for nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenomas (NFPAs).ăMETHODS: A retrospective study of 300 NFPAs was performed. Complications and factors that could influence these complications were analyzed.ăRESULTS: Visual and pituitary functions worsened in 2.4% and 13.7% of cases, respectively. Postoperative diabetes insipidus was permanent in 6.2% of cases. Postoperative meningitis occurred in 3.3% of patients. Meningitis was strongly associated with intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks (P = 0.01), postoperative CSF leaks (P = 0.0001), and operation times longer than 1 hour (P = 0.023). Detection of Staphylococcus aureus and preoperative treatment with mupirocin in the nostrils did not impact the occurrence of meningitis. Two patients with meningitis died (unique causes of death). Postoperative CSF leaks occurred in 2.7% of cases and were associated with intraoperative CSF leaks (P = 0.007) and permanent diabetes insipidus (P = 0.028). The rate of CSF leak decreased from 4% to 0.8% (P = 0.048) after we moved from a soft to hard reconstruction of the sella. The rate of postoperative epistaxis decreased from 6.7% to 1.25% after we stopped using monopolar coagulation (P = 0.013).ăCONCLUSIONS: ETS permits a wide view, allowing good conditions for a satisfactory resection in the majority of NFPAs. Some pitfalls of endoscopy can lead to complications that improve with modification of the operative technique (i.e., CSF leak and postoperative epistaxis). This study confirms an acceptable rate of complications associated with ETS.
World Neurosurgery

hal-01474296
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01474296
DOI : 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.02.059
PUBMED : 26902781

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley-Blackwell
Résumé : International audience
The spatio‐temporal dynamics of disease spread provide an area of acute scientific interest but substantial analytic challenges. Analytic approaches need to draw from current knowledge of disease systems yet be flexible enough to provide targeted inference without restrictive assumptions. We explore this balance in detail with respect to the observed pattern of spread of sugarcane yellow leaf virus, the causal agent of yellow leaf disease. This disease affects cultivated sugarcane plants and spreads via an aphid vector (Melanaphis sacchari). The system is of considerable economic interest, but presents several analytic complications. First, the plants begin as well separated individuals that grow into large plants with overlapping leaf canopies enabling increased vector access between neighbouring plants. The overlap between neighbouring plants first occurs within rows and then extends between rows, presenting another interesting spatial component to consider when modelling the propagation of infection. Second, the vector initially flies between plants but at some point sheds wings and shifts to walking between plants. We are particularly interested in how these two features of the system and their interrelation may impact the spatial spread of disease over time. In addition, we also explore the impact of potential immigration of infected vectors from outside of the study area. We treat our observed cane field as a spatial grid with regular spacing between rows and smaller spacing within rows. Our data consist of observed disease status of each of 1643 plants at each of six time points. We provide descriptive summaries of the temporal evolution of spatial pattern in infection, then propose hierarchical models to describe the pattern and capture the influence of the ecological and environmental factors listed above.
ISSN: 0143-9782

hal-00684235
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00684235