Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Royal Society, The
Résumé :  
Plant phenology is concerned with the timing of recurring biological events. Though phenology has traditionally been studied using intensive surveys of a local flora, results from such surveys are difficult to generalize to broader spatial scales. In this study, contrastingly, we assembled a continental-scale dataset of herbarium specimens for the emblematic genus of Neotropical pioneer trees, Cecropia, and applied Fourier spectral and cospectral analyses to investigate the reproductive phenology of 35 species. We detected significant annual, sub-annual and continuous patterns, and discuss the variation in patterns within and among climatic regions. Although previous studies have suggested that pioneer species generally produce flowers continually throughout the year, we found that at least one third of Cecropia species are characterized by clear annual flowering behaviour. We further investigated the relationships between phenology and climate seasonality, showing strong associations between phenology and seasonal variations in precipitation and temperature. We also verified our results against field survey data gathered from the literature. Our findings indicate that herbarium material is a reliable resource for use in the investigation of large-scale patterns in plant phenology, offering a promising complement to local intensive field studies
ISSN: 0962-8452

hal-01032193
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032193
DOI : 10.1098/rspb.2010.2259

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley/Blackwell
Résumé : Whole genome sequencing is helping generate robust phylogenetic hypotheses for a range of taxonomic groups that were previously recalcitrant to classical molecular phylogenetic approaches. As a case study, we performed a shallow shotgun sequencing of eight species in the tropical tree family Chrysobalanaceae to retrieve large fragments of high-copy number DNA regions and test the potential of these regions for phylogeny reconstruction. We were able to assemble the nuclear ribosomal cluster (nrDNA), the complete plastid genome (ptDNA) and a large fraction of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) with approximately 1000x, 450x and 120x sequencing depth respectively. The phylogenetic tree obtained with ptDNA resolved five of the seven internal nodes. In contrast, the tree obtained with mtDNA and nrDNA data were largely unresolved. This study demonstrates that genome skimming is a cost-effective approach and shows potential in plant molecular systematics within Chrysobalanaceae and other under-studied groups.
ISSN: 1755-098X

hal-01204217
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01204217
DOI : 10.1111/1755-0998.12246
PRODINRA : 283530

Éditeur(s) : Actes de colloques. Ifremer. Brest [ACTES COLLOQ. IFREMER.]. 1991
Résumé : On the bathyal slope for continental margins, steep and rocky substrates punctuated with cliffs and collapsing zones are frequently found. As survey and sampling with the classical technics from the sea surface is practically impossible in such an environment, in situ exploration with a submersible allows significant advances in ecology, with implications in paleoenvironment reconstruction. Mixing of material from shallow-water and deep-sea origins into bathyal sedimentation suggests that the so-called "fossil assemblages of outer platform" were frequently misinterpreted. Dense populations of animals closely related to fossil groups which were only considered as relict of the Past ("living fossils") and previously interpreted as shallow-water inhabitants during geological times can be discovered living in such bathyal communities. The role of bathyal ecological niches during global bioevents brings a new vision of the history of life in the Ocean through geological time and has to be further investigated. Examples from cruises monitoring the diving saucer Cyana (SP 3000) in the Bay of Biscay and off New Caledonia are given.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1990/acte-1138.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1138/

Éditeur(s) : Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls
Résumé : Coastal uses have deeply evolved these last decades and high anthropogenic pressures on coastal ecosystems have affected the sustainability of these areas with respect to the services and the resources they may provide. Traditional fisheries management has failed to avoid overexploitation of most coastal marine resources. Management measures based on an Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) are thus required. Spatial management covers various ranges of properties that may enhance usual regulatory means. If spatial considerations are explicitly integrated in fisheries management, the latter may contribute to zoning design in order to balance the economic, social and biological values of natural marine resources. While traditional fisheries management approaches protect resource based on population numbers, Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) protect ecosystem in space. Besides their ecological effects on fish assemblages within its boundaries, MPAs can enhance adjacent artisanal fisheries. MPAs can thus ensure the sustainability of fisheries and at the same time maintain non-fisheries benefits of marine ecosystems to society.
Vie et Milieu (0240-8759) (Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls), 2006-12 , Vol. 56 , N. 4 , P. 301-305

Droits : 2007 Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-2598.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/2598/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Station Biologique
Résumé : International audience
This study focuses on the diet of the eel Anguilla anguilla, sampled during one month of each of the four seasons from autumn 1998 to summer 1999 in the Languedocian Ingril Lagoon (Gulf ot Lion). The following feeding indices were calculated based on observations of 11 categories of prey found in the contents of full stomachs: coefficient of vacuity (CV), degree of fullness (DR), occurrence frequency (PP, in %), relative abundance (N, in %) and relative weight (P, in %). A parallel monitoring of the benthic macrofauna was conducted in autumn and spring. The interpretation of the results is based on the degree III of the scale of confinement established by Guélorget & Perthuisot (1983) and on the Costello et al. (1990) method, which combines PP and N. A. anguilla mainly feeds on benthic organisms, primarily amphipods crustaceans, polychaetes, insect larvae and small fish. The eel's feeding activity is very low in November and February and usually increases during May. The trophic quality available to the eel population in the Ingril Lagoon depends on its hydrodynamic variables, which are directly related to its close communication with the sea. Changes observed in the eel's diet over this year long study illustrate an opportunist type of feeding behaviour that reflects the typical composition of the macroinvertebrate species assemblage at a given point in time. Eels consume the type of benthic prey that is most available at a given moment without using a particular feeding strategy (e.g., specialisation or generalisation). The eels adapt by shifting their diet according to the energetic resources available in the ecosystem, which vary depending on hydrological regime. Thus, the facultative catadromous migrant species Anguilla anguilla could be used as a bioindicator of changes in the biological zonation and in the available food resources in the brackish ecosystem of Ingril Lagoon during its lagoon-resident ecophase.
ISSN: 0007-9723

hal-00753020
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00753020

Éditeur(s) : Gauthier-Villars
Résumé : In developing countries, recourse to extensive aquaculture systems based on the exploitation of natural aquatic food webs is currently the subject of considerable interest. In this connection, the construction of artificial reefs (known as Acadja) for the development on substrates of living communities, and the utilization of this new production to enhance fish growth have been evaluated in Cote d'Ivoire. This paper describes the granulometric, chemical and biological transformation of the sedimentary ecosystem as a consequence of this practice. In the artificial habitat, an increase in the sedimentation rate of the mineral fraction (definitive trapping of particle resuspension generated by the waves and induced by the wind) and of the organic fraction (direct and indirect sedimentation of the epiphytic biomass) constitutes the starting point of significant modifications in epibenthic communities. In the Acadja, the meiofauna, dominated by nematodes and copepods, is somewhat less diversified, some groups being absent or poorly represented (turbellarians, gastrotrichs, ostracods). These characteristics were confirmed by a specific study of the nematode assemblages. In fact, the relatively high diversity of the nematode community in the natural lagoon sediment (dominated seasonally by Paraphanolaimus, Anonchus et Daptonema) contrasts with low diversity in the Acadja sediment, where the community is always dominated by Theristus sp. This lower specific diversity generates a reduction of the trophic types. In the Acadja, only the non-selective detritus feeders colonize the fine and organic sediment. These sedimentological and ecological transformations, which affect the entire ''brush park'' (Acadja), induce a strong eutrophication of the benthic ecosystem. Sustainable fish production in such tropical lagoons, in an environment where anaerobic processes dominate (especially sulfate-reduction), calls for strategic spatio-temporal planning to take of account of this progressive eutrophication.
Oceanologica Acta (0399-1784) (Gauthier-Villars), 1995 , Vol. 18 , N. 5 , P. 543-555

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00097/20796/18421.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00097/20796/

Éditeur(s) : Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd
Résumé : Shrimp farming in New Caledonia typically uses a flow-through system with water exchange rates as a tool to maintain optimum hydrological and biological parameters for the crop. Moreover, the effluent shows hydrobiological characteristics (minerals, phytoplankton biomass and organic matter) significantly higher than that of the receiving environment. Separate surveys were carried out in a bay (CH Bay) with a medium-size intensive farm (30 ha) (PO) and in a mangrove-lined creek (TE Creek) near a larger semi-intensive farm (133 ha) (SO). Net loads of nitrogen exported from the semi-intensive farm and the intensive farm amounted to 0.68 and 1.36 kg ha(-1) day(-1), respectively. At CH Bay, discharge effects were spatially limited and clearly restricted to periods of effluent release. The high residence time at site TE favoured the installation of a feedback system in which organic matter was not exported. Mineralization of organic matter led to the release of nutrients, which in turn, caused in an increased eutrophication of this ecosystem. The study of the pico- and nanophytoplankton assemblages showed (i) a shift in composition from picophytoplankton to nanophytoplankton from offshore towards the coast and (ii) a shift within the picophytoplankton with the disappearance of Prochlorococcus and the increase of picoeucaryotes towards the shoreline. These community changes may partially be related to a nitrogen enrichment of the environment by shrimp farm discharges. Thus, in view of the recent addition of the New Caledonian lagoon to the UNESCO World Heritage list, the data presented here could be a first approach to quantify farm discharges and evaluate their impact on the lagoon. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Marine Pollution Bulletin (0025-326X) (Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd), 2010 , Vol. 61 , N. 7-12 , P. 387-398

Droits : 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00014/12527/9882.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.07.005
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00014/12527/

Éditeur(s) : Israel Science Journals
Résumé : This work is based upon a collection of Annelida Polychaeta assembled from the Mediterranean Coast of Israel during an ecological experiment on fouling. The present paper describes a new species of spionid, Prionospio salzi sp.nov. Some morphological and biological peculiarities lead to the conclusion that all specimens of P.salzi are old larvae. The systematic position of this species within the large genus Prionospio is considered. [NOT CONTROLLED OCR]
Israel Journal of Zoology (Israel Science Journals), 1970 , Vol. 19 , N. 4 , P. 183-190

Droits : Israel Science Journals
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1970/publication-4879.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4879/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil
Résumé : Variations in diel activity among hyperdiverse tropical communities of moths, despite representing a key component of niche partitioning between species, have barely been studied so far. Using light trapping from dawn to sunset over a 1-year period in French Guiana, we investigated these variations within and between two families of moths (Sphingidae and Saturniidae). Our results revealed contrasting patterns in flight activity at night between Sphingidae and Saturniidae. Sphingidae reached their peak in species richness and abundance between 7:00 and 8:00 p.m., followed by a decrease around 11:00 p.m. to midnight, whereas Saturniidae were continuously present throughout the night, with a peak around midnight. In addition, we found changes in diel activity among some of the most common genera in each family, highlighting distinct behavioral, physiological, and functional traits among taxa. Given differences in flight activity at different taxonomic levels, it is strongly recommended to monitor by light trapping throughout the night to effectively sample saturniid and sphingid assemblages, even though the activity of Sphingidae sharply declines after midnight. These results improve the general natural history information of tropical moths and reinforce the need of further research on the ecological and taxonomic consequences of differences in diel activity.
ISSN: 1519-566X

hal-01536447
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01536447
DOI : 10.1007/s13744-014-0264-3
PRODINRA : 320714

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Avec les nouvelles données sur la bathymétrie et la courantologie de cet écosystème et les paramètres physicochimiques étudiés entre février et mai 2007, c'est une actualisation de la zonation biologique établie récemment à partir de l'assemblage de poissons y séjournant qui est proposée dans cette étude. En effet, le volume d'eau renouvelé deux fois par jour à chaque marée (14,8%) combiné à un hydrodynamisme actif et varié contribuent à vivifier la lagune, et apportent des éléments pour une meilleure interprétation des valeurs des indices de bien-être et des gradients des paramètres populationnels de l'ichtyofaune présente. Durant la période étudiée, aucun gradient n'est observé avec les paramètres abiotiques. La caractéristique des eaux est homogène partout dans la lagune, sa colonne d'eau et aux différentes périodes considérées (température: 30,02°C; salinité: 36,16 ‰; pH: 8,29; turbidité: 6,10 mg/L; conductivité: 5,51 S/m; oxygène dissous: 7,18 mg/L; solides dissous: 32,78g/L; osmolarité: 1021,7milliosmoles). Une zonation biologique rectifiée est proposée. Plus conforme à la qualité observée, elle est composée de trois zones, au lieu de quatre, allant de II à IV: la zone II un peu plus étendue au Sud et plus étroite le long de l'île, une zone III dominante sur l'ensemble de la lagune, et une zone IV centrée sur les deux principales dépressions au Sud et à l'Ouest, le haut-fond et sa bordure au Nord-Ouest ainsi que le fond du secteur enclavé au Sud-Ouest.
Proceedings of the 61st Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute
Gosier, Guadeloupe

hal-00755767
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00755767
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00755767/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00755767/file/GCFI_61_2009_298-306.pdf

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : The discovery of deep-sea hydrothermal vent fauna, kilometres deep in the oceans, is a great achievement of 20th-century marine biology. The deep-sea hydrothermal food web does not directly depend on the sun's energy. Vent communities rely primarily on trophic associations between chemoautotrophic bacteria and consumers A small. number of endemic taxa are adapted to the inhospitable vent environments that are distributed along ridge crests. Where these vent communities originated and how they dispersed are among the important questions ecologists must answer. Here, by statistical analysis of the most comprehensive database ever assembled about deep-sea hydrothermal fauna, we delineate six major hydrothermal provinces in the world ocean and identify seven possible dispersal pathways between adjacent provinces. Our model suggests that the East-Pacific Rise may have played a pivotal role as a centre of dispersal for the hydrothermal fauna. Our data-driven conclusion will have to be tested by phylogenetic studies and completed by surveys of less-explored fields.
Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers (0967-0637) (Elsevier), 2009-08 , Vol. 56 , N. 8 , P. 1371-1378

Droits : 2009 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/publication-6936.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/sup-6936.xls
DOI:10.1016/j.dsr.2009.01.009
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6936/