Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : National audience
Objectifs La recherche d’anticorps anti-aspergillaires est une analyse essentielle au diagnostic des formes chroniques d’aspergilloses. De nombreuses techniques sont disponibles, commerciales ou non, regroupées par la nomenclature française en méthodes de dépistage et de confirmation. La SFMM a mené en janvier–février 2015 une étude de type « avis d’expert » sur les performances de ces techniques et leur stratégie de mise en œuvre. Méthodes Quarante experts ont été sollicités pour répondre à un questionnaire en ligne comprenant 37 questions. Les réponses, obligatoires pour tous les items, devaient être cotées de 1 à 9 selon l’accord total (9) ou le désaccord total (1) de l’expert. L’analyse a été faite sur la valeur de la cote médiane et les coefficients de variation (écart-type/moyenne) pour juger de la variabilité des réponses. Résultats Trente-six questionnaires ont été complétés. Les CV des réponses allaient de 10 % à 75 %, seuls 38 % d’entre eux étant supérieurs à 50 %. La distinction entre méthode de dépistage et méthode de confirmation est globalement jugée comme pertinente (médiane = 7) mais un positionnement clair des techniques en dépistage ou confirmation n’est obtenu avec un CV inférieur à 30 % que pour l’Elisa en dépistage et l’immunoélectrophorèse et le western blot en confirmation. La pratique d’une technique de confirmation est essentiellement recommandée en cas de positivité de la méthode de dépistage (médiane = 9 ; CV = 14 %), en fonction du contexte clinique (8 ; 31 %) ou lors d’un suivi (8 ; 33 %). En cas de discordance entre méthode de dépistage et de confirmation, les experts recommandent une interprétation directe des résultats en donnant priorité aux résultats de la méthode de confirmation (en fonction du dossier du patient) (8 ; 28 %). Conclusion Cette enquête montre l’absence de consensus sur la stratégie de détection des anticorps anti-aspergillaires et doit inciter les mycologues français à harmoniser au mieux leurs pratiques, afin de répondre à la demande des cliniciens
Congrès de la SFMM
Talence-Bordeaux, France

hal-01198639
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01198639
DOI : 10.1016/j.mycmed.2015.06.012

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Zebrafish, Danio rerio, is increasingly used as an animal model to study the effects of pharmaceuticals and environmental estrogens. As most of these estrogens have only been tested on human estrogen receptors (ERs), it is necessary to measure their effects on zebrafish ERs. In humans there are two distinct nuclear ERs (hERα and hERβ), whereas the zebrafish genome encodes three ERs, zfERα and two zfERβs (zfERβ1 and zfERβ2). In this study, we established HeLa-based reporter cell lines stably expressing each of the three zfERs. We first reported that estrogens more efficiently activate the zfERs at 28°C as compared to 37°C, thus reflecting the physiological temperature of zebrafish in wildlife. We then showed significant differences in the ability of agonist and antagonist estrogens to modulate activation of the three zfER isotypes in comparison to hERs. Environmental compounds (bisphenol A, alkylphenols, mycoestrogens) which are hER panagonists and hERβ selective agonists displayed greater potency for zfERα as compared to zfERβs. Among hERα selective synthetic agonists, PPT did not activate zfERα while 16α-LE2 was the most zfERα selective compound. Altogether, these results confirm that all hER ligands control in a similar manner the transcriptional activity of zfERs although significant differences in selectivity were observed among subtypes. The zfER subtype selective ligands that we identified thus represent new valuable tools to dissect the physiological roles of the different zfERs. Finally, our work also points out that care has to be taken in transposing the results obtained using the zebrafish as a model for human physiopathology.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

hal-01063914
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01063914
DOI : 10.1016/j.taap.2014.07.020

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Résumé : International audience
Two genes, that is, 5S ribosomal sequences and antifreeze glycoprotein (AFGP) genes, were mapped onto chromosomes of eight Antarctic notothenioid fish possessing a X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y sex chromosome system, namely, Chionodraco hamatus and Pagetopsis macropterus (family Channichthyidae), Trematomus hansoni, T. newnesi, T. nicolai, T. lepidorhinus, and Pagothenia borchgrevinki (family Nototheniidae), and Artedidraco skottsbergi (family Artedidraconidae). Through fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we uncovered distinct differences in the gene content of the Y chromosomes in the eight species, with C. hamatus and P. macropterus standing out among others in bearing 5S rDNA and AFGP sequences on their Y chromosomes, respectively. Both genes were absent from the Y chromosomes of any analyzed species. The distinct patterns of Y and non-Y chromosome association of the 5S rDNA and AFGP genes in species representing different Antarctic fish families support an independent origin of the sex heterochromosomes in notothenioids with interesting implications for the evolutionary/adaptational history of these fishes living in a cold-stable environment.
ISSN: 2314-6133

hal-01544911
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01544911
DOI : 10.1155/2013/243938

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The emergent domain known as “Kasserine Island” in central Tunisia, to the West of the North–South Axis, was emerging during the Turonian. This area has undergone several changes during the Cretaceous–Eocene period. In the present study, the compilation of surface and sub-surface data provided new information about the boundaries variations of the emerged domain. The analysis of paleogeographic maps allowed the identification of three distinct stages of evolution. The first stage extents from the Middle Turonian to the Lower Maastrichtian where the emergent domain covers the area extending from Jebels Selloum-Sidi Aich in the West to Jebel Bouhedma in the East. The boundaries of this area coincide with the E–W Kasserine fault to the North, the N–S Lessouda-Boudinar fault in the East and the N 120 el Mech-Souinia flexure at the South. This emersion contemporaneous with a high eustatic level is most likely related to tectonic activity. The extensional tectonic regime that is characterized by a NE–SW minimal horizontal stress, has reactivated border faults with a normal component. The interference of the tilting of these border faults was at the origin of the emergence of this domain. The ascent of the Triassic salt may also have contributed in this uplift.In the second stage, the emerged domain has reached its maximum expansion to the North, the West and the South during the Middle Maastrichtian–Paleocene period. Its northern limit is irregular, while the southern limit coincides with the N120 Gafsa fault and the E–W fault of Jebels Orbata-Bouhedma. The N–S Lessouda-Boudinar fault forms the eastern limit. This expansion is mostly related to the global eustatic fall that is well characterized during this period, and partly to the compressive tectonic activity.The Lower Eocene is characterized by a marine transgression that has interested the northern edge of the Island, where the Ypresian deposits are discordant on older series. This edge was irregular and marked by the Gulf of Sbiba. The eastern, the southern, and the western boundaries kept the same shape as that of the previous stage. The compressive tectonic regime, characterized by a NW–SE maximum horizontal stress, is accentuated. This constraint state has generated NE–SW folds and NW–SE grabens. Some of these structures allowed the accumulation of a thick phosphate deposits at their edges, and continental deposits in the emerged area.During the Middle to Upper Eocene, the emergent area narrowed further at the North. The deposits are transgressive and discordant on older series. The Other limits always coincide with the Gafsa fault, the Jebels Orbata-Bouhedma and Jebels Lessouda-Boudinar faults. This period is characterized by the filling of the Gafsa basin by evaporate deposits before its emergence in the Oligocene. As a result, the southern-central Tunisia emerged as one area.
ISSN: 0899-5362

hal-01243490
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01243490
DOI : 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2015.07.027

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD AGU and the Geochemical Society
Résumé : International audience
The South Pacific region is characterized by a broadly elevated seafloor known as the South Pacific superswell. This region has a concentration of midplate volcanoes that experienced massive eruptions in the mid-Cretaceous period (90-120 Ma). These characteristics suggest the presence of a large-scale mantle plume beneath the South Pacific, called the South Pacific superplume. The geometry, origin depth, temperature, and composition of the superplume remain controversial, however, mainly due to the lack of seismological data that documents the mantle structure beneath the South Pacific. Seismic stations are sparse in the area due to its remote ocean environment. To obtain a better seismic image of the superplume, we deployed temporary broadband seismographs on oceanic islands and the seafloor in the South Pacific, which made possible the highest spatial resolution that has ever been achieved for the mantle structure beneath the region. The seismic image obtained from this new seismic data indicates that large-scale low-velocity anomalies (on the order of 1000 km in diameter), indicative of the superplume, are located from the bottom of the mantle to a depth of 1000 km, and small-scale low-velocity anomalies (on the order of 100 km in diameter) are present above it. A comparison of the seismic image with recent mantle convection studies based upon laboratory and numerical experiments suggests that the superplume may be a hot and chemically distinct mantle dome, and that the small-scale anomalies may be narrow plumes generated from the top of the dome. This model may explain various characteristics of hot spots in the South Pacific, such as the seafloor swell, short-lived hot spot chains, and the periodicity of massive eruptions.
ISSN: 1525-2027

hal-00443845
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00443845
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00443845/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00443845/file/Suetsugu_PLUME_tomo_G32009_hal.pdf
DOI : 10.1029/2009GC002533

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Carbon and Oxygen isotope profiles from a well-dated carbonate section spanning the Sinemurian time on the Caussenard High (southeast France) are compared to sedimentological data and the results from sequence stratigraphy analysis, in order to discuss the origin of isotopic variations in a shallow-marine carbonate succession. The sedimentological study has enabled the identification of four types of depositional environments (peritidal, lagoonal, sand shoal, outer-shelf) that formed meter-scale cycles. The latter are arranged in two third-order cycles whose boundaries correspond to distinct δ13C and δ18O negative peaks (at the end of the Hettangian time and during Middle Sinemurian). The origin of the isotopic signals is discussed and several hypothesis are envisaged: sea water ageing, early meteoric diagenesis. Isotopic curves observed here seems to be related to early meteoric diagenesis linked to variations of third-order sea-level cycles rather than environmental factors (temperature, salinity).
Swiss Journal of Geosciences

hal-00406603
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00406603
DOI : 10.1007/s00015-007-1206-4

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Science Bv
Résumé : Here we present a new geochemical study of Lopevi volcano, one the most active volcanoes in the Vanuatu island arc. We focus on the temporally well-defined sequence of lava flows emitted since 1960, and for the first time, on pre-1960 volcanic products, including high-MgO basalts and felsic andesites, the most evolved lavas sampled so far on this island. This work reports the first Pb and Hf isotopic study of lavas from Lopevi island. These lavas display correlations between differentiation indexes such as SiO2 content and isotopic ratios. The felsic andesites extend the known correlations with both the least (Sr-Pb) and the most (Nd-Hf) radiogenic isotopic compositions on the island. Our results confirm that the rising magma interacted with the sub-arc crust. Assimilation-Fractional Crystallization (AFC) quantitative modeling of trace element ratios and isotopic compositions requires 1% and 10% of assimilated partial melts of a mafic oceanic crust to account for the pre- and post-1960 lavas, respectively. The post-1960 lavas differ from the former lavas emitted similar to 20 years earlier by enrichments in fluid mobile elements (K, Ba, Rb ... ), Th, and Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE). We ascribe these features to slight variations in the metasomatic agent added to the sub-arc mantle and ultimately derived from the subducted lithosphere. However, the contrasting time scales involved in subducted lithosphere dehydration and magma genesis, relative to the time elapsed between eruptions of the two lava series, suggest that two different portions of mantle which have undergone slightly different metasomatism, gave birth to the Lopevi lavas. These distinct magmas are still present beneath the volcano.
Journal Of Volcanology And Geothermal Research (0377-0273) (Elsevier Science Bv), 2013-08 , Vol. 264 , P. 72-84

Droits : 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00167/27801/26223.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.07.005
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00167/27801/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The identification of a large OIB-type volcanic sequence on top of an obducted nappe in the Lesser Caucaus of Armenia helps us explain the obduction processes in the Caucasus region that are related to dramatic change in the global tectonics of the Tethyan region in the late Lower Cretaceous. The ophiolitic nappe preserves three distinct magmatic series, obducted in a single tectonic slice over the South Armenian Block during the Coniacian-Santonian (88-83 Ma), the same time as the Oman ophiolite. Similar geological, petrological, geochemical and age features for various Armenian ophiolitic massifs (Sevan, Stepanavan, and Vedi) argue for the presence of a single large obducted ophiolite unit. The ophiolite, shows evidence for a slow-spreading oceanic environment in Lower to Middle Jurassic. Serpentinites, gabbros and plagiogranites were exhumed by normal faults, and covered by radiolarites. Few pillow-lava flows have infilled the rift grabens. The ophiolite lavas have hybrid geochemical composition intermediate between Arc and MORB signatures: (La/Yb)(N) = 0.6-0.9: (Nb/Th)(N) = 0.17-0.57; (Nd-143/Nd-144)(i) = 0.51273-0.51291; (Sr-87/Sr-86)(i) = 0.70370-0.70565; (Pb-207/Pb-204)(i) = 15.4587-15.5411; (Pb-208/Pb-204)(i) = 37.4053-38.2336; (Pb-206/Pb-204)(i) = 17.9195-18.4594. These compositions suggest they were probably formed in a back-arc basin by melting of a shallow asthenosphere source contaminated by a deeper mantle source modified by subducted slab-derived products. Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios and petrological evidence show that these lavas have been intensely altered by mid-oceanic hydrothermalism as well as by serpentinites, which are interpreted as exhumed mantle peridotites. The gabbros have almost the same geochemical composition as related pillow-lavas: (La/Yb)(N) = 0.2-2.3; (Nb/Th)(N) = 0.1-2.8; (Nd-143/Nd-144)(i) = 0.51264-0.51276: (Sr-87/Sr-86)(i) = 0.70386-0.70557; (Pb-207/Pb-204)(i) = 15.4888-15.5391; (Pb-208/Pb-204)(i) = 37.2729-37.8713; (Pb-206/Pb-204)(i) = 17.6296-17.9683. Plagiogranites show major and trace element features similar to other Neo-Tethyan plagiogranites (La/Yb)(N) = 1.10-7.92; (Nb/Th)(N) = 0.10-0.94; but display a less radiogenic Nd isotopic composition than basalts [(Nd-143/Nd-144)(i) = 0.51263] and more radiogenic (Sr-87/Sr-86)(i) ratios. This oceanic crust sequence is covered by variable thicknesses of unaltered pillowed OIB alkaline lavas emplaced in marine conditions. Ar-40/Ar-39 dating of a single-grain amphibole phenocryst provides a Lower Cretaceous age of 117.3 +/- 0.9 Ma, which confirms a distinct formation age of the OIB lavas. The geochemical composition of these alkaline lavas is similar to plateau-lavas [(La/Yb)(N) = 6-14; (Nb/Th)(N) = 0.23-0.76; (Nd-143/Nd-144)(i) = 0.51262-0.51271; (Sr-87/Sr-86)(i) = 0.70338-0.70551; (Pb-207/Pb-204)(i) = 15.5439-15.6158; (Pb-208/Pb-204)(i) = 38.3724-39.3623; (Pb-206/Pb-204)(i) = 18.4024-19.6744].;They have significantly more radiogenic lead isotopic compositions than phiolitic rocks, and fit the geochemical compositions of hot-spot derived lavas mixed with various proportions of oceanic mantle. In addition, this oceanic + plateau sequence is covered by Upper Cretaceous calc-alkaline lavas: (La/Yb)(N) = 2.07-2.31; (Nb/Th)(N) = 0.08-0.15; (Nd-144/Nd-143)(i) = 0.51271-0.51282; (Sr-117/Sr-116)(i) = 0.70452-0.70478), which were likely formed in a supra-subduction zone environment. During the late Lower to early Upper Cretaceous period, hot-spot related magmatism related to plateau events may have led to significant crustal thickening in various zones of the Middle-eastern Neotethys. These processes have likely hindered subduction of some of the hot and thickened oceanic crust segments, and allowed them to be obducted over small continental blocks such as the South Armenian Block.
ISSN: 0024-4937

hal-00443855
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00443855
DOI : 10.1016/j.lithos.2009.02.006

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Cratons represent the oldest preserved lithospheric domains. Their lithosphere (lithospheric mantle welded to overlying Precambrian crystalline basement) is considered to be particularly robust and long-lived due to the protecting presence of buoyant and rigid “keels” made up of residual harzburgites. Although the cratons are mostly assumed to form in the Archaean, the timing of their formation remains poorly constrained. In particular, there are very few datasets describing concurrently the age of both the crustal and mantle portions of the lithosphere. In this study, we report new U–Pb ages and Hf isotope compositions for zircons in crustal xenoliths from the Udachnaya kimberlite in the central Siberian craton; this dataset includes samples from both the upper and lower portions of the crust. The zircon ages agree well with model melt-extraction Re–Os ages on refractory peridotite xenoliths from the same pipe; taken together they allow an integrated view of lithosphere formation. Our data reveal that the present day upper crust is Archaean, whereas both the lower crust and the lithospheric mantle yield Paleoproterozoic ages. We infer that the deep lithosphere beneath the Siberian craton was not formed in a single Archaean event, but grew in at least two distinct events, one in the late Archaean and the other in the Paleoproterozoic. Importantly, a complete or large-scale delamination and rejuvenation of the Archaean lower lithosphere (lower crust and lithospheric mantle) took place in the Paleoproterozoic. This further demonstrates that craton formation can be a protracted, multi-stage process, and that the present day crust and mantle may not represent complementary reservoirs formed through the same tectono-magmatic event. Further, deep cratonic lithosphere may be less robust and long living than often assumed, with rejuvenation and replacement events throughout its history.
ISSN: 0012-821X

hal-01467648
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01467648
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.046

Éditeur(s) : ISTPM
Résumé : The effect of the 2 pesticides most frequently used against mosquitoes was tested on a number of marine organisms. Growth inhibition was tested using Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Gyrosigma spencer (algae). To 0.5 ml of culture inoculum containing similar to 100000 cells in exponential growth phase, 9.5 ml of insecticide in varying concentrations were added and the growth was recorded every 48 hour; LG sub(50) was determined. Muscular activity and filtration rate of Crassostrea angulata were tested. The acute toxicity was tested using 4 species of gastropods, 2 lamellibranchs, 5 crustaceans, 1 coelenterate and 3 fishes; the species used were: Gibbula umbilicalis, Purpura lapillus, Littorina littorea, Patella vulgata, Mytilus edulis, Cardium edule, Artemia salina, Clinabarius misanthropus, Carcinus maenas, Crangon crangon, Palaemonetes varians, Actinia equina, Gasterosteus aculeatus, Pomatoschistus minutus and Anguilla anguilla. The LD sub(50) was determined for each concentration at intervals of 48 hour and 96 hour. It was noted that Abate was distinctly less toxic than Fenitrothion and that the crustaceans were extremely sensitive to Fenitrothion; a marginal security was found to exist in the oysters between the doses used in practice and those used in the test.
Revue des Travaux de l'Institut des Pêches Maritimes (0035-2276) (ISTPM), 1973-03 , Vol. 37 , N. 1 , P. 137-144

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1973/publication-2229.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/2229/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : Integrated field, LA-MC-ICP-MS geochronology and geochemical data from the Novo Oriente Group have been investigated in order to determine their provenance and possible tectonic setting. This group in the southwestern portion of the Ceara Central Domain, is a well-preserved metavolcanosedimentary sequence, in part exhalative, composed of two distinct formations. The proximal coastal Bonsucesso Formation comprises mainly quartzite and minor basic metavolcanic rocks and is in gradational contact with the distal Caranbas Formation which constitutes a metapelitic-volcanic-carbonate sequence, including metabasic rocks with pillow structure and sheared serpentinized ultrabasic rocks. The youngest detrital zircon found in the quartzite of the Bonsucesso Formation yielded an age of ca. 2.1 Ga and well-defined peaks around 2.2.2.3-2.4 and 2.5 Ga. In addition, zircons from a related metabasalt yielded an upper intercept age of 2083 +/- 28 Ma. We interpret the zircons found in this metabasalt as inherited from the host quartzite. This fact is supported by depleted-mantle Nd model ages (T-DM age) from correlated metabasic and metaultrabasic rocks from other places in the Novo Oriente sequence, which have yielded ages between 1.36 and 1.69 Ga, that is younger than the zircon age obtained in the metabasalt extruded over the Bonsucesso quartzite. Geochemical data of the metasedimentary rocks from the Caraubas Formation indicates a provenance composed of a mixture of felsic and intermediate sources typical of old stable cratons and older continental roots of active tectonic settings. The rocks of the Crania (Medio Coreau Domain) and Bacaja Complexes (southeastern Amazonian Craton) exposed to the west of the Novo Oriente Group, and largely covered by the Phanerozoic Parnaiba intracratonic basin, are the most likely source rocks. Since the precise age of the Novo Oriente Group is not yet well constrained, two distinct settings may be proposed: (1) it may represent a more evolved basin developed from extensional processes during the Mesoproterozoic (ca. 1.5-1.3 Ga); and (2) it could constitute part of the passive margin systems developed during the break-up of the Rodinia crown copyright supercontinent (ca. 0.95-0.8 Ga), associated with a pre-Brasiliano/Pan-African ocean (e.g. Pharusian Ocean). Crown.
ISSN: 1342-937X

hal-00512825
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00512825
DOI : 10.1016/j.gr.2010.02.001

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) is a main target for the fisheries at Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) off the south of Okinawa island. Catch and weight composition of the tuna were monitored at a fisheries cooperative market from 1989 to 1998. Some distinct weight groups (considered to represent cohorts) appeared in the catch and the weight of these groups increased monthly - presumably as individual tuna grew. Although small, light weight fish were caught year-round, the 2 kg weight group that was recruited in May grew to about 15 kg by May of the next year. There was a significant seasonal cycle in the monthly catches. The catch of heavier weight groups decreased in winter indicating the tuna moved out of this FAD area. At one of huge FADs (Nirai), fifteen nautical miles southeast of Okinawa island (depth about 1.300 m), a current meter (Aanderaa RCM-7) recorded current and water temperature from June 1995 to March 1996. The current meter was attached to the FAD at 4 m depth. When typhoons attacked Okinawa, the water temperature drastically dropped. Typically, average current speed was 29 cm/s and eastward current was most frequent. Being affected by tide, the current was averaged over twenty-five hours. Current speed was correlated with the yellowfin catch in 120 daily sets at the FAD; the weaker the current speed, the greater the catch. Although not significant, the catch was greater with northeastward current than with southwestward current.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15300/12662.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15300/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
We sought transversotrematid trematodes from French Polynesian fishes by examining 304 individual scaled fishes of 53 species from seven families known to harbour the family elsewhere. A single species was found at two locations in the Tuamotus Archipelago on two species of Chaetodontidae (Chaetodon auriga and Chaetodon ephippium) and one species of Lutjanidae (Lutjanus gibbus). The species closely resembles Transversotrema borboleta Hunter & Cribb, 2012 from chaetodontids and lutjanids of the northern Great Barrier Reef (GBR) but differs from it consistently in 8 base positions of ITS2 rDNA. This level of variation exceeds that between some clearly morphologically distinct pairs of species of Transversotrema and the form from French Polynesia is thus interpreted as a distinct, though cryptic, species and named Transversotrema polynesiae n. sp. The new species forms part of a complex of species, here characterised as the T. borboleta complex, associated with chaetodontids and lutjanids in the tropical Indo-West Pacific. Most of the putative species within this complex are yet to be described. Comparison of identical numbers of matched samples of fishes from French Polynesia, Heron Island (southern GBR) and Lizard Island (northern GBR) revealed 1, 4 and 10 species of Transversotrema respectively suggesting that the French Polynesian fauna is depauperate for this family. In addition to those species apparently missing from suitable hosts in French Polynesia, several species from further west infect fishes (especially Nemipteridae) that are themselves absent from French Polynesia. This dramatic east–west decline in richness contrasts strongly with what is known for monogeneans, which appear to maintain their richness over the same scale, and is more precipitate than is known for other groups of trematodes. The decline might be explained in part by the absence of the as yet unknown first intermediate hosts in French Polynesia. However, we predict that it is explained by other life cycle traits. We hypothesise that the characters of large short-lived cercariae, short-lived miracidia, the absence in the life-cycle of second intermediate hosts that are capable of transporting the species, and definitive and first intermediate hosts that have limited vagility combine to give marine Transversotrematidae limited dispersal capacity and a propensity for localised speciation.
ISSN: 1383-5769

hal-01333467
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01333467
DOI : 10.1016/j.parint.2013.11.009

Éditeur(s) : Gauthier-Villars
Résumé : Archaias angulatus is a soritid species found in abundance on littoral intertropical carbonate platforms. In the margino-littoral euryhaline biotopes, wedged in the neighbouring littoral marine environment, lives a distinct but similar form: Androsina lucasi. As the latter cannot migrate by sea or be transported by birds or fish, it cannot have been derived phylogenetically from an ancestral species before colonizing this wedged habitat in space and time. Only the idea of a reiterated phenomenon of speciation induced by the environment from another littoral species (Archaias angulatus) can explain its noticeable ubiquity in margino-littoral biotopes isolated from one another but each in contact with the biotopes favoured by Archaias angulatus. This interpretation is reinforced by morpho-structural, taxinomic, biological and ecological data concerning these two taxa.
Oceanologica Acta (0399-1784) (Gauthier-Villars), 1994 , Vol. 17 , N. 1 , P. 33-41

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00098/20895/18509.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00098/20895/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The South Liaodong Peninsula massif is the easternmost Mesozoic Metamorphic Core Complex, recognized in Eastern China. It provides a good example of the combination of ductile shearing, synkinematic plutonism and polyphase exhumation. The Jurassic granodioritic plutons, located at the footwall of the detachment normal fault, and dated here at ca 160 Ma, recorded two different phases of cooling. A slow cooling regime of about 3-10°C/my prevailing before 122 Ma, was followed by a significant increase in cooling rate of about 40-55°C/my after that time. By contrast, a single fast cooling path was recorded by the Cretaceous monzogranite situated in the footwall of the detachment normal fault. This result indicates that the Jurassic and Cretaceous plutons recorded different exhumation processes: a Jurassic slow or negligible exhumation and a Cretaceous fast one assisted by normal faulting. These two cooling stages correspond to distinct geodynamic processes during the Jurassic and Cretaceous. Extensional tectonics seems not significant before Early Cretaceous. The second stage, dominated by an extensional regime which develops after ca 120 Ma, is tentatively correlated to the lithosphere removal of the North China Craton.
ISSN: 1367-9120

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/
insu-00528171
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00528171
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00528171/document
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00528171/file/Lin-JAsianEarthSciences-2010.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.09.007

Éditeur(s) : Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd
Résumé : We tested the applicability of the BIT (branched and isoprenoid tetraether) index as a proxy for palaeoflood events in the river-dominated continental margin of the Gulf of Lions (NW Mediterranean). We compared the concentrations of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (br GDGTs) and crenarchaeol in suspended particulate matter (SPM) collected downstream in the Rhône River, as well as in surface sediments and a ca. 8m piston core from the Rhône prodelta. The core covered the last 400 yr, with four distinct intervals recording the river influence under natural and man-induced shifts in four main channels of the river mouth (Bras de Fer, Grand Rhône, Pégoulier,and Roustan). The results indicate that there are mixed sources of br GDGTs and crenarchaeol in the prodelta, complicating applicationof the BIT index as an indicator of continental organic carbon input and thus as a palaeoflood proxy. However, the sedimentary BIT record for the period when continental material was delivered by the river more directly to the core site (Roustan phase;1892 to present) mimics the historical palaeoflood record. This shows the potential of the BIT index as a palaeoflood proxy, provided that the delivery route of the continental material by rivers to the core sites remains constant over time. The study also highlights the idea that shifts in river channels should be taken into account for the use of the BIT index as a palaeoflood proxy.
Organic Geochemistry (0146-6380) (Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd), 2014-10 , Vol. 75 , P. 99-108

Droits : 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00198/30969/29345.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.06.011
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00198/30969/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Université des Antilles
Résumé : International audience
The history of international tourism of the last fifty years can be divided into three stages: 1 / decades from 1950 to 1980, characterized by a progressive democratization of tourism supported by an unparalleled economic growth, 2 / the last decade of the twentieth century, euphoria of a tourist who sees the borders open. The end of a bipolar world announcement many hopes naive. The scope of territories open to tourism continues to widen. 3 / The end of the century announces the age of maturity of tourism. After the euphoria, illusions and disillusions of a space tourist world without borders, facts, often dramatic raised awareness tourists to the complexity of a world where wars have never ceased. The global space tourism is articulated around three regional basins: more than 75% of international tourist flows, driven by the rich European cities, North American and Asian, are confined to their regional area of origin. The distribution of tourist flows draws an organization into three distinct basins: in order of importance, 1 / Euro-Mediterranean basin, focusing on the Mediterranean Sea, 2 / Basin East Asia-Pacific, around the shores of the Sea of China, 3 / basin North America-Caribbean, organized around the "American Mediterranean." Space discontinuities increase between peripheries unstable, extensions selective and margins forgotten or excluded. The climate of insecurity that affect certain touristic territories aimed at weakening the outskirts most sensitive and oblige the international space tourist to retract.
L’histoire du tourisme international des cinquante dernières années peut être décomposée en trois temps : 1/ les décennies de 1950 à 1980, caractérisées par une démocratisation progressive du tourisme soutenue par une croissance économique inégalée ; 2/ la dernière décennie du vingtième siècle, celle d’une euphorie touristique qui voit les frontières s’ouvrir. La fin d’un monde bipolaire annonce bien des espoirs naïfs. Le champ des territoires ouverts au tourisme ne cesse de s’élargir. 3/ La fin du siècle annonce l’âge de maturité du tourisme. Après l’euphorie, les illusions et les désillusions d’un espace touristique mondial sans frontières, les faits, souvent dramatiques ont fait prendre conscience aux touristes la complexité d’un monde où les guerres n’ont jamais cessé. L’espace touristique mondial est articulé autour de trois bassins régionaux : plus de 75 % des flux touristiques internationaux, impulsés par les riches métropoles européennes, nord-américaines et asiatiques, se cantonnent à dans leur espace régional d’origine. La distribution des flux touristiques dessine une organisation en trois bassins distincts : par ordre d’importance, 1/ le bassin euro-méditerranéen, centré sur la Mer méditerranée, 2/ le bassin Asie orientale-Pacifique, autour des rivages de la mer de Chine, 3/ le bassin Amérique du Nord — Caraïbes, organisé autour de la « Méditerranée américaine ». Les discontinuités s’affirment entre des périphéries mal stabilisées, des prolongements très sélectifs, des marges oubliées ou exclues. Les climats d’insécurité qui touchent certains territoires touristiques visent à fragiliser des périphéries plus sensibles et contraignent l’espace touristique international à se rétracter.
ISSN: 1779-0980

hal-01624746
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01624746
DOI : 10.4000/etudescaribeennes.882

Éditeur(s) : Public Library Science
Résumé : Where conservation resources are limited and conservation targets are diverse, robust yet flexible priority-setting frameworks are vital. Priority-setting is especially important for geographically widespread species with distinct populations subject to multiple threats that operate on different spatial and temporal scales. Marine turtles are widely distributed and exhibit intra-specific variations in population sizes and trends, as well as reproduction and morphology. However, current global extinction risk assessment frameworks do not assess conservation status of spatially and biologically distinct marine turtle Regional Management Units (RMUs), and thus do not capture variations in population trends, impacts of threats, or necessary conservation actions across individual populations. To address this issue, we developed a new assessment framework that allowed us to evaluate, compare and organize marine turtle RMUs according to status and threats criteria. Because conservation priorities can vary widely (i.e. from avoiding imminent extinction to maintaining long-term monitoring efforts) we developed a "conservation priorities portfolio" system using categories of paired risk and threats scores for all RMUs (n = 58). We performed these assessments and rankings globally, by species, by ocean basin, and by recognized geopolitical bodies to identify patterns in risk, threats, and data gaps at different scales. This process resulted in characterization of risk and threats to all marine turtle RMUs, including identification of the world's 11 most endangered marine turtle RMUs based on highest risk and threats scores. This system also highlighted important gaps in available information that is crucial for accurate conservation assessments. Overall, this priority-setting framework can provide guidance for research and conservation priorities at multiple relevant scales, and should serve as a model for conservation status assessments and priority-setting for widespread, long-lived taxa.
Plos One (1932-6203) (Public Library Science), 2011-09 , Vol. 6 , N. 9 , P. 1-14

Droits : 2011 Wallace et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00050/16097/13573.pdf
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0024510
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00050/16097/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Paris : L'Harmattan
Résumé : International audience
Les procédures que s’imposent les membres de l’association des certificateurs européens en langue, ALTE, dans le cadre de leur démarche qualité ont mis en évidence la dichotomie de cultures évaluatives distinctes. Cet article interroge les tensions méthodologiques inscrites dans une démarche qui semble ne pas être capable aujourd’hui de conjuguer inférence de compétences actionnelles en contexte et mesure de la validité et de la fiabilité, tout en soulignant qu’aucun des organismes en présence n’ignore cependant la préoccupation des autres, rendant sans doute possible le développement de recherches communes en ce sens.
ISSN: 1967-5798

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
halshs-01395787
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01395787
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01395787/document
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01395787/file/La%20d%C3%A9marche%20qualit%C3%A9%20chez%20les%20certificateurs%20europ%C3%A9ens%20en%20langues%20lieu%20de%20rencontre.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag (Germany) Springer Verlag
Résumé : Production rates in horizontal shale gas wells display declines that are controlled by the low permeability and the intrinsic heterogeneity of the shale matrix. We present an original multi-continuum approach that yields a physical model able to reproduce the complexity of the decreasing gas rates. The model describes the dynamics of gas rate as function of the physical reservoir parameters and geometry, while the shale matrix heterogeneity is accounted for by a stochastic description of transmissivity field. From the 3D (Dimensional) problem setting, including the heterogeneous shale matrix, the fractures generated by the hydrofracking operations, as well as the production well characteristics, we establish an effective upscaled 1D model for the gas pressures in fracture and matrix as well as the volumetric flux. We analyse the decline curves behaviour, and we identify the time scales that characterize the dynamics of the gas rate decline using explicit analytical Laplace space solutions of the upscaled process model. Asymptotically, the flux curves decrease exponentially, while in an intermediate regime we find a power-law behaviour, in which the flux scales with a power law in time as (t^{-beta }), where (beta ) reflects the medium heterogeneity. We use this solution to fit a set of real data displaying distinctly different decline trends and study the sensitivity of the model to the reservoir parameters in order to identify their respective controls at the different stages of the decline curve dynamics. Results indicate that the initial value of the gas rate is determined by the transmissivity of the fractures and the initial pressure of the gas in the shale matrix. The latter causes mainly a shift in the entire decline curve. The early time of decline curve shape is primarily controlled by the fracture properties (compressibility and transmissivity). During the main part of the economically valuable production times, i.e. before the production rate drops exponentially, the decline curve is strongly controlled by the properties of the shale rocks including their heterogeneity, which is modelled by two parameters describing the non-Fickian pressure diffusion effects in a stochastic framework.
ISSN: 0169-3913

hal-01217247
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01217247
DOI : 10.1007/s11242-015-0504-y