Éditeur(s) : London : Smith, Elder
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Ville de Pointe-à-Pitre. Réseau des bibliothèques
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/PAP11090
PAP11090

Éditeur(s) : London : printed by Richard Taylor
Résumé : 1823
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Ville de Pointe-à-Pitre. Réseau des bibliothèques
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/PAP11212
PAP11212

Éditeur(s) : London : Whittaker
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Collectivité territoriale de Martinique. Bibliothèque Schoelcher
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/SCH13129
SCH13129

Éditeur(s) : Cambridge : J. Bentham
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 18
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Archives départementales de Guadeloupe
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/ADG17077
ADG17077

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
We describe the simulation of an exterior problem using a magnetic field deriving from magnetostatics, with a numerical method mixing the approaches of C. I. Goldstein and L.-A. Ying. This method is based on the use of a graded mesh obtained by gluing homothetic layers in the exterior domain. On this mesh, we use an edge elements discretization and a recently proposed mixed formulation. In this paper, we provide both a theoretical and numerical study of the method. We establish an error estimate, describe the implementation, propose some preconditioning techniques and show the numerical results. We also compare these results with those obtained from an equivalent boundary elements approach. In this way, we retain that our method leads to a practical numerical implementation, a saving of storage, and turns out to be an alternative to the classical boundary elements method.
ISSN: 0749-159X

hal-00730196
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00730196
DOI : 10.1002/num.10064

Éditeur(s) : Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh
Résumé : Boundary Exchange (BE - exchange of elements between continental margins and the open ocean) has been emphasized as a key process in the oceanic cycle of neodymium (Nd) (Lacan and Jeandel, 2005a). Here, we use a regional eddy-permitting resolution Ocean General Circulation Model (1/4A degrees) of the North Atlantic basin to simulate the distribution of the Nd isotopic composition, considering BE as the only source. Results show good agreement with the data, confirming previous results obtained using the same parameterization of the source in a coarse resolution global model (Arsouze et al., 2007), and therefore the major control played by the BE processes in the Nd cycle on the regional scale. We quantified the exchange rate of the BE, and found that the time needed for the continental margins to significantly imprint the chemical composition of the surrounding seawater (further referred as characteristic exchange time) is of the order of 0.2 years. However, the timescale of the BE may be subject to large variations as a very short exchange time (a few days) is needed to reproduce the highly negative values of surface waters in the Labrador Sea, whereas a longer one (up to 0.5 years) is required to simulate the radiogenic influence of basaltic margins and distinguish the negative isotopic signatures of North Atlantic Deep Water from the more radiogenic southern origin water masses. This likely represents geographical variations in erosion fluxes and the subsequent particle load onto the continental margins. Although the parameterization of the BE is the same in both configurations of the model, the characteristic exchange time in the eddy-permitting configuration is significantly lower than the previous evaluations using a low resolution configuration (6 months to 10 years), but however in agreement with the available seawater Nd isotope data. This results highlights the importance of the model dynamics in simulating the BE process.
Ocean Science (1812-0784) (Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh), 2010 , Vol. 6 , N. 3 , P. 789-797

Droits : Author(s) 2010. This work is distributed, EGU
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00013/12412/9201.pdf
DOI:10.5194/os-6-789-2010
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00013/12412/

Éditeur(s) : New-York : American anti-slavery society
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 18
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Collectivité territoriale de Martinique. Bibliothèque Schoelcher
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/SCH13214
SCH13214

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Today, one of the main challenges in the oil industry is the exploitation of new resources in naturally fractured reservoirs often located in structurally complex areas such as plate boundaries, mountain ranges or near salt structures. While numerical models of rock deformation based on continuum mechanics are becoming industry standard in providing efficient means for modelling natural fractures in reservoirs, the knowledge of past perturbed stress fields, which is referred as the type (normal, wrench or reverse), orientation and magnitude of the regional or local tectonic stresses that needs to be applied as boundary condition in numerical simulations, is often unknown or approximated.The essence of this thesis is to improve the recovery of the paleostress field needed to constrain numerical simulations. I first described and discuss through a comprehensive mechanically-based multi-parametric study how far we can rely on the commonly used paleostress inversion methods based on fault slip data and the Wallace and Bott assumptions. I then compared this method with a new generation technique based on geomechanics using field observations. Since slip markers on faults are hardly observed in core or image log, I used observed natural fracture data as main drivers for the inversion of the paleostress using geomechanically-based method. I demonstrated, through various outcrop and subsurface examples, how this can efficiently be done. Finally, I aimed at addressing the problem of polyphase fracture data sets with unknown mechanical type (joints, faults, stylolites ...) and expanded the mechanical stress inversion to the separation of tectonic phases.
Aujourd'hui, l'un des principaux défis dans l'industrie pétrolière est l'exploitation de nouvelles ressources dans les réservoirs naturellement fracturés souvent situés dans des zones structurellement complexes tels que les frontières de plaques, les chaînes de montagnes ou les structures de proches des dômes de sel. Alors que les modèles numériques de déformation des roches basée sur la mécanique des milieux continus fournissant des moyens efficaces pour la modélisation de fractures naturelles dans les réservoirs, sont devenus la norme dans l'industrie, les paléo-contraintes régionales ou locales appliquées comme condition aux limites dans les simulations numériques, définies par le régime (normal, décrochant ou inverse), l'orientation, et la magnitude des contraintes tectoniques, sont souvent inconnues ou approximées.L'essence de cette thèse est d'améliorer la prédiction du champ de paléo-contrainte nécessaire pour contraindre les simulations numériques. J’ai décrit dans un premier temps à travers une étude comparative multi-paramétrique complète basée sur la mécanique, dans quelle mesure nous pouvions compter sur les méthodes d'inversion des paléo-contraintes basées sur les hypothèses de Wallace et Bott et les données de glissement sur les failles. J’ai ensuite comparé ces méthodes avec une technique d’inversion de nouvelle génération basée sur la géomécanique en utilisant les observations de terrain. Puisque les marqueurs de glissement sur les failles sont rarement observés le long du forage, j’ai utilisé l’inversion géomécanique des contraintes pour les données de fractures naturelles observées. J’ai alors démontré, l’efficacité de cette technique à travers divers exemples d'affleurements et de subsurface. Enfin, j’ai proposé une solution afin de résoudre le problème des données de fractures polyphasées à type cinématique inconnu (joints, failles, stylolites ...) et étendu l’inversion de contrainte basée sur la géomécanique à la séparation des phases tectoniques.
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01324110

tel-01324110
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01324110
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01324110/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01324110/file/theselejri.pdf

Résumé : Publiée dans le cadre du premier Congrès international d'histoire coloniale à Paris
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 20
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Ville de Pointe-à-Pitre. Réseau des bibliothèques
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/PAP11103
PAP11103

Éditeur(s) : London : J. Johnson, St. Paul's Church Yard & J. Edwards
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 18
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Collectivité territoriale de Martinique. Bibliothèque Schoelcher
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/SCH13242
SCH13242

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
A suite of eclogite xenoliths from the Roberts Victor kimberlite (South Africa) is remarkable for its high abundances of base metal sulfides (BMS; up to 2 modal %). However, while sulfides are nearly ubiquitous in Type I eclogites (garnet > 0.07% Na2O), Type II eclogites (garnet < 0.07% Na2O) systematically lack sulfides. Two different sulfide assemblages are recognised within the Type I xenolith suite. Both populations are polyphase Cu-Ni-Fe sulfides, one characterised by the pyrrhotite (Po) + pentlandite (Pn) + chalcopyrite (Cp) assemblage and the other by the smythite/violarite (Smy/Vi) + (Ni)pyrite (Py) + Cp assemblage. The latter is the most abundant assemblage and reflects the supergene alteration of the "primary" Po + Pn + Cp assemblage. This process overprints the original composition of the sulfides by remobilising elements such as S, Fe, Ni, Se and Te. In the Type I eclogites, BMS occur as inclusions within silicates (garnet and clinopyroxene) and as interstitial grains. No chemical differences were observed between enclosed and interstitial sulfides. However, their relative abundances are correlated, indicating a similar origin. The Po + Pn + Cp assemblage is identical to eclogitic sulfides previously described in some Roberts Victor diamonds. Silicate-enclosed sulfides could appear to be early phases, but they are restricted to the outer parts of the silicate grains, suggesting a late incorporation during partial recrystallisation of silicate phases, induced by fluid-rock percolation-reaction during a metasomatic event. Positive whole-rock correlations between Se and (La/Sm)N⁎ and between Cu and ΣLREEN⁎ indicate a direct link between sulfide content and the enrichment of Mg + incompatible elements in the Type I eclogites, further supporting a metasomatic origin of the sulfide component. Similarly, a negative correlation between ΣLREEN⁎ and Cucpx implies that the metasomatic agent was at least partially composed of S-rich fluid (e.g. H2S, SO2) that reacted with the rock and leached Cu out of the silicates. The coupling between sulfides and LREE in the Type I eclogites, as well as the absence of sulfides and metasomatic features (e.g. unequilibrated grain boundaries, melt pockets, fluid inclusions, phlogopite) in the Type II eclogites, demonstrate that Type II eclogites did not undergo such a metasomatic event and therefore may represent the less-modified protoliths of Type I eclogites.
ISSN: 0009-2541

hal-00903856
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00903856
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.06.015

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Deformation of the continental lithosphere is traditionally modeled assuming that heat production in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle is negligible. Although this may be appropriate for highly depleted Archean lithosphere, studies of mantle xenoliths and lithospheric-derived mafic rocks suggest that heat productions of up to 0.4 ;μW/m3 may be attained in the mantle of Phanerozoic and Neoproterozoic regions due to modal metasomatism. To investigate the effect of a local enrichment in heat-producing elements within the lithospheric mantle on the continental deformation, we performed a series of 2D thermo-mechanical models simulating the deformation of a lithospheric plate 1000 km long, which contains in its central part a 200 km wide and 20 km-thick mantle layer with a heat production of 0.05;–0.25 ;μW/m3 between 40 and 80 km depth, leading to a local enhancement of the surface heat flow by 1;–5 mW/m2. Compression models show that a 20 km-thick layer with a heat production as low as 0.05 ;μW/m3 within the shallow lithospheric mantle leads to strain localization in both the enriched mantle and the overlying crust. Strain localization depends exponentially on the temperature increase in the lithosphere section, which is controlled by the volume of metasomatized mantle and the intensity of the metasomatic enrichment in heat-producing elements. A heat production of 0.25 μW/m3 between 60 and 80 km depth results, for instance, in strains within and above the metasomatized mantle 5 times higher than in the surrounding lithosphere. Strain localization also depends on the location of the heat-producing domain and on the plate rheological structure; deeper heat-producing domains and weaker plates leading to stronger localization. These results provide an explanation for strain localization in intraplate environments, leading to the formation of orogenic belts situated hundreds to thousands of kilometers away from known plate boundaries, as observed in the Neoproterozoic belts of Gondwana and in the present-day deformation of the Asian plate.
ISSN: 0012-821X

hal-00411386
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00411386
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.07.040

Éditeur(s) : [S.l.] : Longmans
Résumé : Les Anglais dans les Indes occidentales. Gravures
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Université des Antilles. Service commun de la documentation
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/HASH1f8a614646a92da7410ddd
HASH1f8a614646a92da7410ddd

Éditeur(s) : Monachii ; Lipsiae : apud Frid. Fleischer in comm.
Extrait de : Flora brasiliensis : enumeratio plantarum in Brasilia hactenus detectarum quas suis aliorumque botanicorum studiis descriptas et methodo naturali digestas partim icone illustratas
Résumé : Édition : 1867-1872
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier. Service Commun de la Documentation
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/TLS17090
TLS17090

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The platinum-group element (PGE) systematics of continental mantle peridotites show large variability, reflecting petrogenetic processing of the upper mantle during partial melting and melt/fluid percolation inside the lithosphere. By removing Pd-Cu-Ni rich sulfides, partial melting events that have stabilized the sub-continental mantle lithosphere fractionated PPGEs (Palladium-group PGE; Pt, Pd) relative to IPGEs (Iridium-group PGE; Os, Ir, Ru, Rh). Residual base-metal sulfides (BMS) survive as enclosed IPGE-enriched Monosulfide Solid Solutions (Mss), which otherwise decompose into Ru-Os-Ir-rich refractory platinum-group minerals (PGMs) once the partial melts become S-undersaturated. The small-scale heterogeneous distribution of these microphases may cause extreme nugget effects, as seen in the huge variations in absolute PGE concentrations documented in cratonic peridotites. Magmas fluxing through the lithospheric mantle may change the initial PGE budgets inherited from the melting events, resulting in the great diversity of PGE systematics seen in peridotites from the sub-continental lithosphere. For instance, melt-rock reactions at increasing melt/rock ratios operate as open-system melting processes removing residual BMS/PGMs. Highly percolated peridotites are characterized by extreme PGE depletion, coupled with PGE patterns and Os-isotope compositions that gradually evolve toward that of the percolating melt. Reactions at decreasing melt-rock ratios (usually referred to as "mantle metasomatism") precipitate PPGE-enriched BMS that yield suprachondritic Pd/Ir and occasionally affect Pt/Ir and Rh/Ir ratios as well. Moreover, volatile-rich, small volume melts fractionate Os relative to Ir and S relative to Se, thereby producing rocks with supra-chondritic Os/Ir and S/Se coupled with supra-chondritic Pd/Ir and Pt/Ir. Major magmatic inputs at the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary may rejuvenate the PGE systematics of the depleted mantle. Integrated studies of "refertilized" peridotites with worldwide provenance provide evidence for mixing between old PGM-rich harzburgitic protoliths and newly-precipitated BMS. Long-lived PGMs carry the Os-isotope compositions of ancient melt‐depletion events into seemingly undepleted fertile lherzolites. Another diagnostic feature of major refertilization processes is the increasing modal abundance of Pt-Pd-Te-Bi or Pt-As-S microphases. Due to regional-scale refertilization processes, sizeable (> 100 km) domains of the upper lithospheric mantle are now significantly enriched in Pd, Au, Cu, Se, and other incompatible chalcophile elements that are of considerable importance in PGE-ore forming events.
ISSN: 0024-4937

hal-00828626
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00828626
DOI : 10.1016/j.lithos.2012.08.017

Éditeur(s) : Londres : imprenta de C. Wood
Résumé : Livre écrit en espagnol et en anglais
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Collectivité territoriale de Martinique. Bibliothèque Schoelcher
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/SCH13208
SCH13208

Date de création : 1870-01-01

Éditeur(s) : London : Bell & Daldy
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Collectivité territoriale de Guyane. Bibliothèque Alexandre-Franconie
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/FRA11002
FRA11002

Éditeur(s) : London : Hamilton, Adams & Co
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Ville de Pointe-à-Pitre. Réseau des bibliothèques
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/HASH0103f0f83da4829c83c1b88d
HASH0103f0f83da4829c83c1b88d

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
We study if the multilevel algorithm introduced by Debussche, T. Dubois and R. Temam [Theoret. Comput. Fluid Dynam. 7 (1995), no. 4, 279-315; Zbl 838.76060] and Dubois, F. Jauberteau and Temam [J. Sci. Comput. 8 (1993), no. 2, 167-194; MR1242960 (94f:65098)] for the 2D Navier-Stokes equations with periodic boundary conditions and spectral discretization can be generalized to more general boundary conditions and to finite elements. We first show that a direct generalization, as in [C. Calgaro, J. Laminie and R. Temam, Appl. Numer. Math. 23 (1997), no. 4, 403-442; MR1453424 (98d:76124)], for the Burgers equation, would not be very efficient. We then propose a new approach where the domain of integration is decomposed into subdomains. This enables us to define localized small-scale components and we show that, in this context, there is a good separation of scales. We conclude that all the ingredients necessary for the implementation of the multilevel algorithm are present.
ISSN: 0271-2091

hal-00730709
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00730709

Éditeur(s) : Baltimore : Johns Hopkins Press
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Université Toulouse 1 Capitole. Service Commun de la Documentation
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/TLS17030
TLS17030