Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
International Journal of GreenhouseGas Control

hal-01314405
https://hal-brgm.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01314405

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD EDP Sciences
Résumé : International audience
This paper presents a comparison of models for extreme rainfall and flood values. Based on a large set of thousands of rainfall and discharge data, the French ExtraFlo project showed that design estimate of extreme values based on the fitting of a distribution on a limited sample of maximum values is very inaccurate when only a few decades of observation are available. Some interesting alternatives are possible, using a regional approach, or historical data when available, or simulation methods, or sedimentological or geochemical signatures of flood deposits.
Cette communication présente les principaux résultats du projet ExtraFlo sur l'estimation des pluies et crues extrêmes. A partir d'un jeu de données conséquent de plusieurs milliers de stations, une procédure d'inter-comparaison a permis d'évaluer les performances d'une trentaine d'implémentations différentes issues de différentes combinaisons (modèle probabiliste, méthode d'estimation, cadre local / régional / mixte local et régional). Le projet ExtraFlo a permis de mettre en évidence le manque de robustesse des approches basées sur le traitement statistique d'une série de quelques dizaines d'années d'observation. Des alternatives intéressantes existent, basées sur l'exploitation des records de pluie et de débit à l'échelle d'une région, de la collecte de données historiques quand cela est possible, de méthodes de simulation basées sur le couplage d'un générateur d'averses avec un modèle hydrologique pour la transformation des pluies en débit, ou des traces morphologiques laissées par les crues anciennes.
ISSN: 0018-6368

hal-01128341
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01128341
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01128341/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01128341/file/ly2014-pub00041933.pdf
DOI : 10.1051/lhb/2014010

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Masson
Résumé : International audience
Objectifs. - Évaluer les effets du triathlon classique (1,5 km natation, 40 km cyclisme, 10 km course à pied) sur la capacité de diffusion pulmonaire (DLCO) 24 heures après la compétition. Méthodes et résultats. - Dix triathlètes masculins (21,5 ± 2,8 ans) ont effectué une spirométrie et une mesure de la capacité de diffusion pulmonaire avant la compétition (pré-T) et 24 heures après l'épreuve (post-T). Les résultats montrent une diminution significative du volume expiratoire maximal en 1 s (5,17 ± 0,4 L.s-1 contre 4,09 ± 0,6 L.s-1) et du débit expiratoire maximal 25-75 % de la capacité vitale (6,98 ± 0,2 L.s-1 contre 4,90 ± 0,2 L.s-1). En revanche, les résultats ne montrent pas de différence significative entre les DLCO pré-T et post-T (38,1 ± 3,3 mL.min-1.mmHg-1 contre 37,1 ± 3,7 mL.min-1.mmHg-1) ni les ratios DLCO/VA (5,59 ± 0,5 mL.min-1.mmHg-1.A-1 contre 5,55 ± 0,7 ml.min-1.mmHg-1.A-1). Conclusion. - La DLCO est normale chez les triathlètes 24 heures après une compétition classique. Ceci peut traduire l'absence de lésions alvéolocapillaires pendant le triathlon. La baisse de la DLCO rapportée deux heures après un exercice dans la littérature peut s'expliquer par la baisse du volume sanguin pulmonaire qui apparaît comme un phénomène transitoire. Cependant, la baisse des débits pulmonaires observée 24 heures après le triathlon suggère la persistance chez les triathlètes d'un syndrome obstructif bronchique.
ISSN: 0765-1597

hal-00720522
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720522
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720522/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720522/file/Article_3_.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD ACSM
Résumé : International audience
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the cycle-run and run-cycle successions of the triathlon and duathlon, respectively, on respiratory muscle strength and endurance. Methods: Respiratory muscle strength was assessed by measuring maximal inspiratory (P1max) and expiratory {PEmax) pressures. Respiratory muscle endurance was assessed by measuring the time limit (Tlim). Twelve triathleles participated in a three-trial protocol. The first trial consisted of an incremental cycle test to assess the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) of triathletes. Trial 2 consisted of 20 min of cycling followed by 20 min of running (C-R), and trial 3 consisted of 20 min of running followed by 20 min of cycling (R-C). Trials 2 and 3 were performed at the same metabolic intensity (% VO2max). P1max and P1max were measured before and 10 min after C-R and R-C, and I min after the post-C-R and post-R-C Tlim measurements (P1max l'). Tlim was measured I d before and 30 min after C-R and R-C. Results: The results showed a significant decrease in P1max after C-R (126.7 ± 4.3 cmH2O, P < 0.05) and R-C (123.7 ± 4.9 cmH2O, P < 0.05) compared with the baseline values (130 ± 3.8 and 129.6 ± 4.3 cmH2O, respectively). P1max 1' showed a significantly greater decrease after R-C versus C-R(111.2 ± 5.5 cmH2O vs 121.2 ± 3.9 cmH2O,respectively, P < 0.001). Tlim after C-R (3.3 ± 0.3 min) decreased significantly compared with baseline values (4.19 ± 0.3min and 4.02 ± 0.3 min, respectively). However, the Tlim decrease after R-C was significantly greater than after C-R (P < 0.001). Conclusion: We concluded that respiratory muscle strength and endurance were less decreased after the cycle-run succession and that cycling induced a greater decrease in respiratory muscle endurance than running.
Medicine & Science in Sports & exercise

hal-00720796
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720796

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Thieme Publishing
Résumé : International audience
The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of prior cycling and a successive run on respiratory muscle performance during a cycle-run succession as performed in the triathlon. We hypothesized that despite the moderate intensity of exercise and the absence of exhaustion, the crouched cycling position would induce a decrease in respiratory muscle performance that would be reversed by the successive vertical run position. Ten male triathletes (22.6 +/- 1.1 yr) performed a four-trial protocol: (1) an incremental cycle test to assess maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), (2) 20 min of cycling (C), (3) 20 min of running (R), and (4) 20 min of cycling followed by 20 min of running (C-R). Trials 2, 3 and 4 were performed at the same metabolic intensity, i. e., 75 % of VO2max. Respiratory muscle force was assessed by measuring maximal expiratory (P(Emax)) and inspiratory (P(Imax)) pressures from the functional residual capacity (FRC) before and 10 min after C, R, and C-R. Respiratory muscle endurance was assessed one day before and 30 min after C, R, and C-R, by measuring the time limit (T(lim)), which corresponds to the length of time a respiratory load can be sustained before the process of fatigue develops sufficiently to cause task failure. The results showed a similar significant decrease in P(Imax) (132.4 +/- 4.9 versus 125.7 +/- 5.6 cm H2O, p < 0.05) and T(lim) (5.22 +/- 0.28 versus 3.68 +/- 0.32 min, p < 0.05) post-C and post-C-R (133.7 +/- 4.0 versus 126.9 +/- 5.2 cm H2O, and 5.29 +/- 0.18 versus 3.49 +/- 0.41 min, respectively, p < 0.05) compared with the pre-trial values. In contrast, P(Imax) and T(lim) were not significantly decreased post-R (131.8 +/- 6.1 cm H2O versus 129.6 +/- 6.4 cm H2O, and 4.90 +/- 0.69 versus 4.40 +/- 0.56 min, respectively, p > 0.05). We concluded that moderate intensity exercise not performed to exhaustion induced a decrease in respiratory muscle performance. Moreover, the respiratory muscle fatigue induced by prior cycling was maintained, and neither reversed nor worsened, by the successive run.
ISSN: 0172-4622

hal-00720715
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720715

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Résumé : International audience
[1] Zircons and monazites from 6 samples of the North Ayilari dextral shear zone (NAsz), part of the Karakorum fault zone (KFZ), have been dated with the U-Th-Pb method, using both ID-TIMS and SIMS techniques. The ages reveal (1) inheritance from several events spanning a long period between the late Archean and the Jurassic; (2) an Eocene-Oligocene magmatic event (similar to 35-32 Ma); (3) an Oligo-Miocene magmatic event (similar to 25-22 Ma), at least partly synkinematic to the right-lateral deformation; and (4) a period of metamorphism metasomatism (similar to 22-14 Ma) interpreted as thermal and fluid advection in the shear zone. The Labhar Kangri granite located similar to 375 km farther Southeast along the KFZ is dated at 21.1 +/- 0.3 Ma. Such occurrence of several Oligo-Miocene granites along the KFZ, some of which show evidence for synkinematic emplacement, suggests that the fault zone played an important role in the genesis and /or collection of crustal melts. We discuss several scenarios for the onset and propagation of the KFZ, and offset estimates based on the main sutures zones. Our preferred scenario is an Oligo-Miocene initiation of the fault close to the NA range, and propagation along most of its length prior to similar to 19 Ma. In its southern half, the averaged long-term fault-rate of the KFZ is greater than 8 to 10 mm/a, in good agreement with some shorter-term estimates based on the Indus river course, or Quaternary moraines and geodesy. Our results show the KFZ cannot be considered as a small transient fault but played a major role in the collision history.
ISSN: 0278-7407

hal-00412570
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00412570
DOI : 10.1029/2007TC002184

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The timing of E–W extension of the Tibetan plateau provides a test of mechanical models of the geodynamic evolution of the India–Asia convergence zone. In this work we focus on the Kung Co half graben (Southern Tibet, China), bounded by an active N–S normal fault with a minimum vertical offset of 1600 m. To estimate the onset of normal faulting we combined high and medium temperature (U–Pb, Ar/Ar) and low temperature ((U–Th)/He) thermochronometry of the Kung Co pluton, a two-mica granite of the northern Himalayan granitic belt that outcrop in the footwall of the fault. Biotite and muscovite Ar/Ar ages , are close from each other [not, vert, similar 16 Ma ± 0.2 (Ms) and not, vert, similar 15 ± 0.4 Ma (Bt)], which is typical of fast cooling. The zircon and apatite (U–Th)/He ages range from 11.3 to 9.6 Ma and 9.9 to 3.7 Ma respectively. These He ages are indicative of (1) fast initial cooling, from 11.3 to not, vert, similar 9 Ma, gradually decreasing with time and (2) a high geothermal gradient (not, vert, similar 400 °C/km), close to the surface at not, vert, similar 10 Ma. The Kung Co pluton was emplaced at about 22 Ma (U–Pb on zircon) at less than 10 km depth and 520–545 °C. Subsequent to its shallow emplacement, the pluton underwent fast thermal re-equilibration ending around 7.5 Ma, followed by a period of slow cooling caused either by the end of the thermal re-equilibration or by very slow exhumation (0.02–0.03 mm/yr) from not, vert, similar 7.5 Ma to at least 4 Ma. In either case the data suggest that the exhumation rate increased after 4 Ma. We infer this increase to be related to the initiation of the Kung Co normal fault. A critical examination of previously published data show that most not, vert, similar N–S Tibetan normal faults may have formed less than 5 Ma ago rather than in the Miocene as assumed by several authors. Such a young age implies that E–W extension is not related to the Neogene South Tibetan magmatism (25 to 8 Ma). Consequently, models relating E–W extension to magmatism, such as convective removal of the lower lithosphere, may be inappropriate. We rather think that this extension is related with local accommodation of boundary forces and displacements.
ISSN: 0012-821X

hal-00311791
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00311791
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.01.029

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD ACSM
Résumé : International audience
PURPOSE AND METHODS: This study was designed to determine whether the physiological responses elicited during the run part of repeated bouts of cycle-run exercise are similar to those required during the run segment of a cycle-run succession. Thirteen male triathletes underwent four successive laboratory trials: 1) an incremental treadmill test, 2) an incremental cycle test, 3) 30 min of cycling followed by 20 min of running (C-R), and 4) five repeated bouts of 6 min of cycling and 4 min of running (X-CR). During the C-R and X-CR trials, venous blood samples were obtained to measure lactate, epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations. During all trials, ventilatory data were collected every min using an automated breath-by-breath system. RESULTS: The results showed that 1) the cardiorespiratory responses observed during running were similar in the X-CR and C-R trials, 2) the lactate concentration was similar in both trials, 3) the epinephrine concentration was greater (277.9 +/- 11.9 vs 169.8 +/- 86.7 pg x mL(-1), P < 0.025) in X-CR than in C-R, and 4) the norepinephrine concentration was similar in both trials, except at the first cycle-run succession (T1) of X-CR. CONCLUSION: We concluded that 1) multi-block training is a good method to stimulate the specific adaptations required for the cycle-run succession, and particularly for the cycle-run transition, and 2) multi-block training seems to induce a greater catecholaminergic response, which may be due to a combination of an inherent effect of this type of training and the triathletes' relative lack of experience with it. In any case, the efficacy of the multi-block model needs to be more thoroughly evaluated over the course of a longer-term training program.
Medicine & Science in Sports & exercise

hal-00720475
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720475
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720475/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720475/file/Article_2_.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
We investigate the timing of end of motion along the South Tibet Detachment System (STDS), a major normal fault system that runs parallel to the Himalayan range for more than 1500 km. Near Dinggye (similar to 28 degrees 10'N, 87 degrees 40'E), the STD dips similar to 10 +/- 5 degrees to the North and separates Paleozoic Tethyan series from Upper Himalayan Crystalline Series (UHCS). Immediately below the STD, the UHCS is highly deformed in the STD shear zone, lineations trend NNE and the shear senses are top to the NE. In micaschist, the P-T path constrained by pseudosection and garnet chemistry, shows successive metamorphic conditions of similar to 0.6 GPa and similar to 550 degrees C and 0.5 GPa and 625 degrees C. U/Pb dating of monazites and zircons in deformed and undeformed leucogranites suggests that ductile deformation lasted until at least similar to 16 Ma but ended prior to similar to 15 Ma in the STD shear zone similar to 100 m below the detachment. Ar/Ar micas ages in the footwall span between similar to 14.6 and 13.6 Ma, indicating rapid cooling down to similar to 320 degrees C, and suggesting persistence of normal faulting, at that time. The STDS is cut and offset by the N-S trending Dinggye active normal fault which initiated prior to 11 Ma thus providing a minimum bound for the end of STDS motion. These data are interpreted as reflecting 0.3 GPa (11 km) to 0.6 GPa (22 km) of exhumation along the STDS starting prior to similar to 16 Ma, ending between 13.6 and 11 Ma. The 1000 km long stretch of the STDS east of the Gurla Mandata probably stopped almost synchronously between 13 and 11 Ma ago, coevally with a sudden switch from NNE-SSW to E-W extension at the top of the accretionary prism, with a jump of the major thrust from the lower Main Central Thrust (MCTI) to the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT), and with a change in the India and Asia convergence direction. This synchronism is probably better explained in the frame of a thrust wedge or thrust system model than a lower channel flow model. West of the Gurla Mandata the STDS appears to stop 5 to 3 Ma earlier, possibly related to local interactions with the Karakorum fault in a way that needs to be understood.
ISSN: 0012-821X

hal-00475652
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00475652
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.035

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
This study investigated the possibility of there being differences in respiratory muscle strength and endurance in elite and competition triathletes who have similar maximal oxygen uptakes (V_O2max) and ventilatory thresholds (Thvent). Five internationally-ranked elite, [mean (SD) age 23.8 (1.4) years] and six nationallyand regionally-ranked competition [age 21.1 (1.1) years] male triathletes performed two successive trials: first an incremental cycle test to assess V_O2max and Thvent and second 20 min of cycling followed by 20 min of running (C-R) at intensities higher than 85% V_O2max. Cardioventilatory data were collected every minute during the two trials, using an automated breath-by-breath system. Maximal expiratory and inspiratory (PImax) strength were assessed before and 10 min after C-R from the functional residual capacity. Respiratory muscle endurance was assessed 1 day before and 30 min after C-R by measuring the time limit (tlim). The results showed firstly that during C-R, the competition triathletes had significantly (P<0.05) higher minute ventilation [mean (SEM) 107.4 (3.1) compared to 99.8 (3.7) lÆmin-1], breathing frequency [44.4 (2.0) compared to 40.2 (3.4) Æmin-1] and heart rate [166 (3) compared to 159 (4) beatsÆmin-1] and secondly that after C-R, they had significantly lower PImax [127.1 (4.2) compared to 130.7 (3.0) cmH2O] and tlim [2:35 (0:29) compared to 4:12 (0:20) min] than the elite triathletes. We conclude that, despite similar V_O2max and Thvent, the competition triathletes showed less extensive adaptive mechanisms, including those in the respiratory muscles, than did the elite triathletes. This led to higher ventilation, which appeared to be the cause of the faster development of fatigue in the inspiratory muscles in this group.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY

hal-00720562
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720562
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720562/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720562/file/BoussanaEJAP02_2_.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Field evidence for syn-deformation migmatization and crystallization along the Karakorum fault contradicts the study of Wang et al. (2012). The ages of such magmatic rocks provide minimum ages for the onset of deformation at similar to 23 Ma in North Ayilari and similar to 19 Ma in Tangtse. The onset of deformation at 12 Ma in the Ayilari range inferred by Wang et al. (2012) from a muscovite Ar/Ar age is a cooling age, thus only a minimum age. The similar to 60 Ma granodiorite bodies, the ophiolitic rocks and the south Kailash thrust that are correlated across the fault to provide a 52 +/- 2 km finite offset do not define reliable piercing points. Such observations as well as our previous work concur to show that the Karakorum fault initiated in the Oligo-Miocene, and has a long-term dextral slip-rate between 7.5 and 13 mm/yr, approximately twice that proposed by Wang et al. (2012).
ISSN: 0012-821X

hal-00829469
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00829469
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.12.012

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
EGU General Assembly 2009
Vienne, Austria

hal-00483584
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00483584

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : The Karakorum Fault zone (KFZ), lying in the west of the Tibetan plateau, is an important dextral strike-slip fault and the important northern geological boundary of the west Himalaya. In the AyilaRi' gyu Range-Gai Basin area lying in the southeast of the KFZ, Ar-40/Ar-39 thermochronologic analysis was performed on the syn-tectonic minerals in the, metamorphic rocks in the Karakorum ductile shear zone, with the base of petrology and deformation structure researches. According to the microstructure features, the minerals in the shear zone recorded the continuous deformation from high ( > 600 degrees C) to low temperature ( < 250 degrees C) appeared as that the nearly horizontal dextral shearing has transformed into the oblique dextral normal slip, made the greenschist facies of deformation stack oil the early medium-high temperature deformation, indicated the uplift during the slip. The thermochronologic revealed the continuous shear process from the early Miocene to 4Ma at least, which containing three rapid cooling stage: from 25 similar to 22Ma to 21 similar to 18Ma, the deformation locally stopped or slower in the, shallow high temperature shear process; from 15Ma to 12Ma, the rapid uplift of the AyilaRi' gyu Range, the initial formation of the Gar Basin together with the main deep incision of river during the strip-slip of the KFZ; since 9Ma, the AyilaRi' gyu Range has increased the rapid uplift and the Gar Basin has formed finally. According to the different levels of deformation and the dextral displacement of the surface landform with different ages, the long term slip rate and the uplift rate indicated the intense dextral strike slip and uplift associated since the late Quarternary Period.
Acta Petrologica Sinica

hal-00411572
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00411572

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Field study, thermochronology and geochemistry of the east Lungmu Co (LMC) range highlight some of the geological events that shaped western Tibet. The LMC fault zone has long been interpreted as the boundary between the Tianshuihai terrane of Laurasian affinity and the Qiangtang block of Gondwanian affinity. In the LMC range, the Paleozoic series is intruded by the Mangtsa leucogranite whose zircon have a U/Pb age of 116.9 ± 1 Ma and by mafic rocks with U/Pb zircon ages ranging from 116.9 ± 1 to 95.1 ± 1.7 Ma. Geochemistry of the mafic rocks indicates that they have been emplaced in a supra-subduction zone setting, probably the north dipping Nujiang suture zone. 40Ar/39Ar micas ages of the granite indicate that cooling below ~ 350 °C occurred between 105 and 85 Ma. 40Ar/39Ar K-feldspar data suggest a fast cooling event at 60-55 Ma, which we relate to the reactivation of the LMC suture zone as a thrust at the onset of the India-Eurasia collision. The last, and still active, deformation event corresponds to left-lateral strike-slip faulting along the ENE-WSW LMC fault.
ISSN: 1342-937X

hal-00660491
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00660491
DOI : 10.1016/j.gr.2011.07.026

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD National Academy of Sciences
Résumé : International audience
ISSN: 0027-8424

halsde-00335837
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halsde-00335837
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0708015105

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Rapport
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00483595

hal-00483595
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00483595

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
To determine whether exercise modality affects arterial hypoxemia (EIAH) during training-intensity exercise, 13 triathletes performed 20 min of cycling (C) followed by 20 min of running (R): C-R, and two weeks later, 20 min of R followed by 20 min of C:R-C. Each trial was performed at an intensity slightly above the ventilatory threshold and close to the daily training intensity (75 % of VO2max). Ventilatory data were collected continuously using an automated breath-by-breath system. Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2) was measured after each C and R segment and arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2) was monitored continuously via pulse oximetry. The metabolic rate was similar across modalities and trials, i.e., C-R (53.8 +/- 3.8 vs. 51.1 +/- 5.3 ml.min(-1).kg(-1)) and R-C (52.2 +/- 4.5 vs. 53.2 +/- 4.6 ml.min(-1).kg (-1)). EIAH showed significantly greater severity for R compared to C irrespective of the order (p < 0.05 for both trials). R values of PaO2 (and SpO2) for C-R and R-C were 88.7 +/- 6.0 mm Hg (93.0 +/- 0.6 % SpO2) and 86.6 +/- 7.3 mm Hg (93.5 +/- 0.6 % SpO2) and C values were 93.7 +/- 8.4 mm Hg (95.4 +/- 0.4 % SpO2) and 91.4 +/- 5.4 mm Hg (94.8 +/- 0.3 % SpO2). R ventilatory data described a significantly different breathing pattern than C, with higher respiratory rate (35.9 b.min(-1) vs. 51.1 b.min(-1) for C-R, p < 0.01; and 50.0 b.min(-1) vs. 41.5 b.min(-1) for R-C, p < 0.01) and lower tidal volume (2636 ml vs. 2282 ml for C-R, p < 0.02 and 2272 ml vs. 2472 ml for R-C, p < 0.05). We concluded that EIAH was greater during running than cycling for a similar metabolic rate corresponding to training intensity and that EIAH could thus be considered dependent on exercise modality.
Internation Journal of Sports Medicine

hal-00720806
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720806
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720806/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720806/file/sm290.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Résumé : International audience
New structural observations coupled with 15 U/Pb and 24 Ar/Ar new ages from the Karakorum shear zone (KSZ) constrain the timing and slip rate of the right-lateral Karakorum fault zone (KFZ), one of the great continental Asian strike-slip faults. In the Tangtse-Darbuk area, the Tangtse (SW) and Muglib (NE) mylonitic strands of the KSZ frame the less deformed Pangong Range. Inherited U/Pb ages show that granitic protoliths are mostly from the Karakorum and Ladakh batoliths, with a major Miocene melting event lasting from ≥21.5 to 13.5 Ma. Some of the Miocene granitic bodies show structural evidence for intrusion synkinematic to the KSZ. The oldest of these granitoids is 18.8 ± 0.4 Ma old, implying that deformation started prior to ∼19 Ma. Microstructural data show that right-lateral deformation pursued during cooling. Ar/Ar data show that ductile deformation stopped earlier in the Tangtse (∼11 Ma) than in the Muglib strand (∼7 Ma). Deformation ended at ∼11 Ma in the Tangtse strand while it is still active in the Muglib strand, suggesting a progressive localization of deformation. When merged with published observations along the KFZ, these data suggest that the KFZ nucleated in the North Ayilari range at least ∼22 Ma ago. The long-term fault rate is 0.84 to 1.3 cm/yr, considering a total offset of 200 to 240 km. The KSZ collected magma produced within the shear zone and/or deeper in crust for which the producing mechanism stays unclear but was not the lower crustal channel flow.
ISSN: 0278-7407

hal-00745066
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00745066
DOI : 10.1029/2011TC003049

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
The purpose of this investigation was to characterize the management and prognosis of severe Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patients. An observational cohort study of HIV-negative adults with PJP documented by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) through Gomori-Grocott staining or immunofluorescence, admitted to one intensive care unit (ICU) for acute respiratory failure, was undertaken. From 1990 to 2010, 70 patients (24 females, 46 males) were included, with a mean age of 58.6 ± 18.3 years. The mean Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS)-II was 36.9 ± 20.4. Underlying conditions included hematologic malignancies (n = 21), vasculitis (n = 13), and solid tumors (n = 13). Most patients were receiving systemic corticosteroids (n = 63) and cytotoxic drugs (n = 51). Not a single patient received trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as PJP prophylaxis. Endotracheal intubation (ETI) was required in 42 patients (60.0 %), including 38 with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In-ICU mortality was 52.9 % overall, reaching 80.9 % and 86.8 %, respectively, for patients who required ETI and for patients with ARDS. In the univariate analysis, in-ICU mortality was associated with SAPS-II (p = 0.0131), ARDS (p < 0.0001), shock (p < 0.0001), and herpes simplex virus (HSV) or cytomegalovirus (CMV) on BAL (p = 0.0031). In the multivariate analysis, only ARDS was associated with in-ICU mortality (odds ratio [OR] 23.4 [4.5-121.9], p < 0.0001). PJP in non-HIV patients remains a serious disease with high in-hospital mortality. Pulmonary co-infection with HSV or CMV may contribute to fatal outcome.
ISSN: 0934-9723

inserm-00872789
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00872789
DOI : 10.1007/s10096-012-1730-7
PUBMED : 22930407

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD SpringerOpen
Résumé : The Karakorum Fault zone (KFZ) plays an important role in understanding the formation, evolvement and deformation of the Tibetan Plateau. The high-T dextral shearing metamorphic rocks, e.g., mylonites or mylonitized gneisses-granites, locally crop out along the southeastern part of the KFZ in the Ayila Ri'gyü Range area. The SHRIMP U-Pb dating of the syn-kinematic crystallized zircons indicates that the initial age of the KFZ is ∼27 Ma, ∼10 Ma older than previous results. The extensive high-T dextral shearing along the KFZ started at least at 27–20 Ma, accompanied by the syn-kinematic emplacement of leuco-granites. Deformation and concomitant fluid circulation during shearing most likely occurred as early as at 25–13 Ma. The KFZ probably grew from southeast to northwest along the fault as a result of continuous convergence between the India plate and Eurasia plate.
ISSN: 1001-6538

hal-00406402
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00406402
DOI : 10.1007/s11434-007-0164-6