Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD ACSM
Résumé : International audience
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the cycle-run and run-cycle successions of the triathlon and duathlon, respectively, on respiratory muscle strength and endurance. Methods: Respiratory muscle strength was assessed by measuring maximal inspiratory (P1max) and expiratory {PEmax) pressures. Respiratory muscle endurance was assessed by measuring the time limit (Tlim). Twelve triathleles participated in a three-trial protocol. The first trial consisted of an incremental cycle test to assess the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) of triathletes. Trial 2 consisted of 20 min of cycling followed by 20 min of running (C-R), and trial 3 consisted of 20 min of running followed by 20 min of cycling (R-C). Trials 2 and 3 were performed at the same metabolic intensity (% VO2max). P1max and P1max were measured before and 10 min after C-R and R-C, and I min after the post-C-R and post-R-C Tlim measurements (P1max l'). Tlim was measured I d before and 30 min after C-R and R-C. Results: The results showed a significant decrease in P1max after C-R (126.7 ± 4.3 cmH2O, P < 0.05) and R-C (123.7 ± 4.9 cmH2O, P < 0.05) compared with the baseline values (130 ± 3.8 and 129.6 ± 4.3 cmH2O, respectively). P1max 1' showed a significantly greater decrease after R-C versus C-R(111.2 ± 5.5 cmH2O vs 121.2 ± 3.9 cmH2O,respectively, P < 0.001). Tlim after C-R (3.3 ± 0.3 min) decreased significantly compared with baseline values (4.19 ± 0.3min and 4.02 ± 0.3 min, respectively). However, the Tlim decrease after R-C was significantly greater than after C-R (P < 0.001). Conclusion: We concluded that respiratory muscle strength and endurance were less decreased after the cycle-run succession and that cycling induced a greater decrease in respiratory muscle endurance than running.
Medicine & Science in Sports & exercise

hal-00720796
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720796

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of 40 km of cycling on the biomechanical and cardiorespiratory responses measured during the running segment of a classic triathlon, with particular emphasis on the time course of these responses. Seven male triathletes underwent four successive laboratory trials: (1) 40 km of cycling followed by a 10-km triathlon run (TR), (2) a 10-km control run (CR) at the same speed as TR, (3) an incremental treadmill test, and (4) an incremental cycle test. The following ventilatory data were collected every minute using an automated breath-by-breath system: pulmonary ventilation VE, l x min[-1]), oxygen uptake (VO2, ml x min(-1) x kg[-1]), carbon dioxide output (ml x min[-1]), respiratory equivalents for oxygen (VE/VO2) and carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2), respiratory exchange ratio (R) respiratory frequency (f, breaths x min[-1]), and tidal volume (ml). Heart rate (HR, beats x min[-1]) was monitored using a telemetric system. Biomechanical variables included stride length (SL) and stride frequency (SF) recorded on a video tape. The results showed that the following variables were significantly higher (analysis of variance, P < 0.05) for TR than for CR: VO2 [51.7 (3.4) vs 48.3 (3.9) ml x kg(-1) x min(-1), respectively], VE [100.4 (1.4) l x min(-1) vs 84.4 (7.0) l x min(-1)], VE/VO2 [24.2 (2.6) vs 21.5 (2.7)] VE/VCO2 [25.2 (2.6) vs 22.4 (2.6)], f[55.8 (11.6) vs 49.0 (12.4) breaths x min(-1)] and HR [175 (7) vs 168 (9) beats x min(-1)]. Moreover, the time needed to reach steady-state was shorter for HR and VO2 (1 min and 2 min, respectively) and longer for VE (7 min). In contrast, the biomechanical parameters, i.e. SL and SF, remained unchanged throughout TR versus CR. We conclude that the first minutes of the run segment after cycling in an experimental triathlon were specific in terms of VO2 and cardiorespiratory variables, and nonspecific in terms of biomechanical variables.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY

hal-00720703
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720703
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720703/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720703/file/EJAP.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
To determine whether exercise modality affects arterial hypoxemia (EIAH) during training-intensity exercise, 13 triathletes performed 20 min of cycling (C) followed by 20 min of running (R): C-R, and two weeks later, 20 min of R followed by 20 min of C:R-C. Each trial was performed at an intensity slightly above the ventilatory threshold and close to the daily training intensity (75 % of VO2max). Ventilatory data were collected continuously using an automated breath-by-breath system. Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2) was measured after each C and R segment and arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2) was monitored continuously via pulse oximetry. The metabolic rate was similar across modalities and trials, i.e., C-R (53.8 +/- 3.8 vs. 51.1 +/- 5.3 ml.min(-1).kg(-1)) and R-C (52.2 +/- 4.5 vs. 53.2 +/- 4.6 ml.min(-1).kg (-1)). EIAH showed significantly greater severity for R compared to C irrespective of the order (p < 0.05 for both trials). R values of PaO2 (and SpO2) for C-R and R-C were 88.7 +/- 6.0 mm Hg (93.0 +/- 0.6 % SpO2) and 86.6 +/- 7.3 mm Hg (93.5 +/- 0.6 % SpO2) and C values were 93.7 +/- 8.4 mm Hg (95.4 +/- 0.4 % SpO2) and 91.4 +/- 5.4 mm Hg (94.8 +/- 0.3 % SpO2). R ventilatory data described a significantly different breathing pattern than C, with higher respiratory rate (35.9 b.min(-1) vs. 51.1 b.min(-1) for C-R, p < 0.01; and 50.0 b.min(-1) vs. 41.5 b.min(-1) for R-C, p < 0.01) and lower tidal volume (2636 ml vs. 2282 ml for C-R, p < 0.02 and 2272 ml vs. 2472 ml for R-C, p < 0.05). We concluded that EIAH was greater during running than cycling for a similar metabolic rate corresponding to training intensity and that EIAH could thus be considered dependent on exercise modality.
Internation Journal of Sports Medicine

hal-00720806
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720806
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720806/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720806/file/sm290.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD IOP Publishing
Résumé : Tropical forests of the Guiana Shield are the most affected by gold-mining in South America,experiencing an exponential increase in deforestation since the early 2000’s.Using yearly deforestation data encompassing Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana and theBrazilian State of Amapá, we demonstrated a strong relationship between deforestation due togold-mining and gold-prices at the regional scale. In order to assess additional drivers ofdeforestation due to gold-mining, we focused on the national scale and highlighted theheterogeneity of the response to gold-prices under different political contexts. Deforestation dueto gold-mining over the Guiana Shield occurs mainly in Guyana and Suriname. On the contrary,past and current repressive policies in Amapá and French Guiana likely contribute to thedecorrelation of deforestation and gold prices. In this work, wefinally present a case studyfocusing on French Guiana and Suriname, two neighbouring countries with very different levelsof law enforcement against illegal gold-mining. We developed a modelling framework to estimatepotential deforestation leakages from French Guiana to Suriname in the border areas. Based onour assumptions, we estimated a decrease in deforestation due to gold-mining of approx. 4 300hectares in French Guiana and an increase of approx. 12 100 hectares in Suriname in response tothe active military repression of illegal gold-mining launched in French Guiana.Gold-mining in the Guiana Shield provides challenging questions regarding REDDþimplementation. These questions are discussed at the end of this study and are important topolicy makers who need to provide sustainable alternative employment to local populations inorder to ensure the effectiveness of environmental policies.
ISSN: 1748-9326

hal-01512075
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01512075
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01512075/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01512075/file/document%20%2828%29_%7B81107B08-30D1-44D2-877D-32F6DFAEF28A%7D.pdf
DOI : 10.1088/1748-9326/aa6082

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD ACSM
Résumé : International audience
PURPOSE AND METHODS: This study was designed to determine whether the physiological responses elicited during the run part of repeated bouts of cycle-run exercise are similar to those required during the run segment of a cycle-run succession. Thirteen male triathletes underwent four successive laboratory trials: 1) an incremental treadmill test, 2) an incremental cycle test, 3) 30 min of cycling followed by 20 min of running (C-R), and 4) five repeated bouts of 6 min of cycling and 4 min of running (X-CR). During the C-R and X-CR trials, venous blood samples were obtained to measure lactate, epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations. During all trials, ventilatory data were collected every min using an automated breath-by-breath system. RESULTS: The results showed that 1) the cardiorespiratory responses observed during running were similar in the X-CR and C-R trials, 2) the lactate concentration was similar in both trials, 3) the epinephrine concentration was greater (277.9 +/- 11.9 vs 169.8 +/- 86.7 pg x mL(-1), P < 0.025) in X-CR than in C-R, and 4) the norepinephrine concentration was similar in both trials, except at the first cycle-run succession (T1) of X-CR. CONCLUSION: We concluded that 1) multi-block training is a good method to stimulate the specific adaptations required for the cycle-run succession, and particularly for the cycle-run transition, and 2) multi-block training seems to induce a greater catecholaminergic response, which may be due to a combination of an inherent effect of this type of training and the triathletes' relative lack of experience with it. In any case, the efficacy of the multi-block model needs to be more thoroughly evaluated over the course of a longer-term training program.
Medicine & Science in Sports & exercise

hal-00720475
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720475
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720475/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720475/file/Article_2_.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : In this study, we assessed past and present influence of ancient mining activity on metal(loid) enrichment in sediments of a former mining watershed (Gardon River, SE France), that is now industrialized and urbanized. A sedimentary archive and current sediments were characterized combining geochemical analyses, zinc isotopic analyses and sequential extractions. The archive was used to establish local geochemical background and recorded (i) increasing enrichment factors (EFs) for Pb, Zn, Cd, Tl, Hg, As and Sb throughout the industrial era, (ii) a contamination peak in 1976 attributed to a tailings dam failure, and (iii) current levels in 2002 and 2011 similar to those of 1969, except for Sb and Hg, reflecting a persisting contamination pattern. Inter-element relationships and spatial distribution of EF values of current sediments throughout the watershed suggested that both ancient and current contamination had a common origin for Pb, Zn, Cd, Tl and As related to the exploitation of Pb/Zn mineralization while old Sb mines and coal extraction area were the main sources for Sb and Hg respectively. This prevailing mining origin was reflected for Zn by a relatively uniform isotopic composition at δ66Zn = 0.23 ± 0.03‰, although slight decrease from 0.23‰ to 0.18‰ was recorded from upstream to downstream sites along the river course in relation with the contribution of the lighter δ66Zn signature (~ 0.08‰) of acid mine drainage impacted tributaries. Results from sequential extractions revealed that the potential mobility of the studied metal(loid)s varied in the order Sb < Tl ≈ As < Zn < Pb < Cd, with an increase of the mobile pool for Cd, Pb, Zn and to a lesser extent for As and Tl associated to increased enrichment. Altogether, these results tend to demonstrate that ancient mining activity still contributes to metal enrichment in the sediments of the Gardon River and that some of these metals may be mobilized toward the water compartment.
ISSN: 0048-9697

hal-01054163
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01054163
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.078

Éditeur(s) : University of the West Indies Cave Hill/University of Reading University of the West Indies Cave Hill/University of Reading ( Barbados )
Résumé : (Funding) Support for the development of the technical infrastructure and partner training provided by the United States Department of Education TICFIA program.
Outline from the website at http://www.reading.ac.uk/minorities/Projects/min-project-breaking-sexual-silences.aspx In recent years, some of the most urgent and highly-charged public and political debates in the Caribbean have centred on sexual citizenship and gay rights. To date, popular cultural forms and the acute homophobia of the dancehall have dominated national and international attention. The very public exchanges between Caribbean musicians and western-based gay rights campaigners have given the region a reputation for homophobia, intolerance and hate crimes. This project seeks to shift the axes of these debates by drawing on a recent body of Caribbean creative writing that addresses issues of sexual self-determination and sexual diversity in a more positive and progressive way. It will make visible the possibilities for understanding sexual differences and the modes of reconciliation to be found in a literary archive. The project will also engage a group of Caribbean scholars across other disciplines to develop a new language for articulating sexual difference. It will stage a panel debate for a Caribbean public, as well as producing academic publications and supporting graduate work.

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
PURPOSE: Dairy farming is a risk factor for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We assessed the prevalence of farming-induced COPD (FI-COPD) using a new screening device, and we analyzed symptoms and occupational risk factors. METHODS: We performed on-site screening study of bronchial obstruction using an electronic mini-spirometer (EMS) on an entire population of dairy farmers (n = 147) from two villages in Brittany, France. Suspected bronchial obstruction (FEV1/FEV6 <0.8) was confirmed with standardized lung function tests (FEV1/FVC ≤0.7). We assessed past medical histories, respiratory symptoms, and occupational tasks of subjects with bronchial obstruction; asthmatics were defined as atopic and/or reversible; smoking-induced COPD patients were defined as non-reversible, non-atopic with smoking histories (≥5 PY); and FI-COPD patients were defined as non-reversible, non-atopic, and non-smokers. RESULTS: Using the EMS, 30.6% (n = 45) of dairy farmers were suspected of bronchial obstruction and underwent standardized spirometry. The FEV1/FEV6 ratio and FEV1/FVC ratio were in good agreement (r² = 0.66, P < 0.0001). The prevalence of confirmed bronchial obstruction was 9.5% (n = 14), which included 4 asthmatics, 3 smoking-induced COPD subjects, and 7 FI-COPD subjects. All the COPD patients were GOLD Stage II, and none were aware of their respiratory disease. Foddering duration was significantly higher in FI-COPD subjects compared with non-obstructive subjects, with 44 versus 17 min/day, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The EMS was a convenient mean of screening for bronchial obstruction, especially in on-site settings, and allowed us to diagnose FI-COPD in a non-spontaneously complaining dairy farmer population. Foddering was considered a significant risk factor.
ISSN: 0340-0131

hal-00872929
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00872929
DOI : 10.1007/s00420-011-0708-6
PUBMED : 21986906

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
This study investigated the possibility of there being differences in respiratory muscle strength and endurance in elite and competition triathletes who have similar maximal oxygen uptakes (V_O2max) and ventilatory thresholds (Thvent). Five internationally-ranked elite, [mean (SD) age 23.8 (1.4) years] and six nationallyand regionally-ranked competition [age 21.1 (1.1) years] male triathletes performed two successive trials: first an incremental cycle test to assess V_O2max and Thvent and second 20 min of cycling followed by 20 min of running (C-R) at intensities higher than 85% V_O2max. Cardioventilatory data were collected every minute during the two trials, using an automated breath-by-breath system. Maximal expiratory and inspiratory (PImax) strength were assessed before and 10 min after C-R from the functional residual capacity. Respiratory muscle endurance was assessed 1 day before and 30 min after C-R by measuring the time limit (tlim). The results showed firstly that during C-R, the competition triathletes had significantly (P<0.05) higher minute ventilation [mean (SEM) 107.4 (3.1) compared to 99.8 (3.7) lÆmin-1], breathing frequency [44.4 (2.0) compared to 40.2 (3.4) Æmin-1] and heart rate [166 (3) compared to 159 (4) beatsÆmin-1] and secondly that after C-R, they had significantly lower PImax [127.1 (4.2) compared to 130.7 (3.0) cmH2O] and tlim [2:35 (0:29) compared to 4:12 (0:20) min] than the elite triathletes. We conclude that, despite similar V_O2max and Thvent, the competition triathletes showed less extensive adaptive mechanisms, including those in the respiratory muscles, than did the elite triathletes. This led to higher ventilation, which appeared to be the cause of the faster development of fatigue in the inspiratory muscles in this group.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY

hal-00720562
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720562
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720562/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720562/file/BoussanaEJAP02_2_.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND:In French Guiana, a French overseas territory in South America, 6 to 10 thousands undocumented persons work illegally in gold mining sites in the Amazonian forest. Precarious life conditions lead to poor health but few data exist on the health status of illegal gold miners in French Guiana. The objective of this article was to describe the sociodemographic and health status of this vulnerable population.METHOD:A prospective cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2015 on gold mine supply sites at the border between French Guiana and Suriname. Health status was assessed through medical examination, past medical history, haemoglobin concentration, and HIV and malaria testing. A questionnaire was used to collect data about the migration itinerary and life conditions on mining sites.RESULTS:Among the 421 adults included in the study, 93.8% (395/421) were Brazilian, mainly from Maranhão (55.7%, 220/395), the poorest Brazilian state. The sex ratio was 2.4. Overall, 48% of persons never went to school or beyond the primary level. The median time spent in gold mining was quite long (10 years), with a high turn-over. One third of the surveyed population (37.1%, 156/421) had high blood pressure, and only two had a medical follow-up. Most persons had experienced malaria (89.3%, 376/421). They declared frequent arboviroses and digestive disorders. Active leishmaniasis was observed in 8.3% of gold miners. Among women, 28.5% were anemic. Concerning HIV, 36.6% (154/421) of persons, mainly men, never got tested before and 6 were tested positive, which represented an HIV prevalence of 1.43% (95%CI =0.29-2.5).CONCLUSION:These findings support the hypothesis that mining in remote areas is linked to several specific illnesses. Theoretically, gold miners would be presumed to start their economical migration to French Guiana as a healthy group. However, their strenuous working and living conditions there lead to poor health caused by infectious and non infectious diseases. This description of their health status is precious for health policy planners in French Guiana given the importance of controlling communicable disease, and the severity and range of specific illnesses acquired by this neglected population.TRIAL REGISTRATION:Clinical trial registration PRS N° NCT02903706 . Retrospectively registered 09/13/2016.
ISSN: 1471-2458

inserm-01566314
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01566314
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01566314/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01566314/file/2017%2C%20Douine%20-%20Illegal%20gold%20miners%20in%20French%20Guiana.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62169-1

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: The effects of pressure-controlled (PC) ventilation on the ventilatory and haemodynamic parameters during laparoscopy procedures had not been carefully assessed. This prospective cross-over study was undertaken to compare how volume-controlled (VC) and PC modes could affect pulmonary mechanics, gas exchange, and cardiac function in patients undergoing laparoscopy. METHODS: Twenty-one patients undergoing laparoscopic urological procedures had their lungs ventilated at the beginning with VC ventilation. PC ventilation was instituted at the end of the VC sequence. Ventilator settings were adjusted to keep tidal volume, respiratory rate, and Fi(o(2)) constant in every mode. A complete set of ventilatory, haemodynamic, and gas exchange parameters was obtained under VC after 40 min of pneumoperitoneum and 20 min after switching for PC. Transoesophageal echocardiography was performed in order to evaluate systolic and diastolic function of the heart. RESULTS: When VC was switched to PC, peak airway pressure decreased [mean (sd) 32 (6) vs 27 (6) cm H(2)O; P < 0.0001], peak inspiratory flow increased [17 (3) vs 48 (8) litre min(-1); P < 0.0001), and dynamic compliance improved [+15 (8)%]. No difference was noted for static airway pressure, static compliance, and arterial oxygenation. No significant change could be demonstrated in the systolic [left ventricular end-systolic wall stress 66 (16) vs 63 (14) x 10(3) dyn cm(-2) m(-2)] or diastolic function [early diastolic velocity 10.3 (2.5) vs 10.5 (2.7) cm s(-1)]. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, no short-term beneficial effect of PC ventilation could be demonstrated over conventional VC ventilation in patients with pneumoperitoneum.
BJA

hal-00689758
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00689758
DOI : 10.1093/bja/aem166
PUBMED : 17626027

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Despite the recent interest in psychiatric illness in prison, the psychopathology of the Remire-Montjoly prison population remains largely unknown. Subject to significant population movements, French Guiana and its prison houses a very mixed population in which recent history has left a strong mark (earthquake in Haïti, civil war in Suriname, violence related to gold mining population and drug trafficking). These negative life events appear as potential vectors of psychological trauma. Additionally, strong links have been established in the literature between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and many other psychiatric disorders, including suicidal behavior and addictions. Under these conditions, we felt it essential to focus on the identification of PTSD in this sensitive population.Through adapted reception interviews, we tried to identify the PTSD, to describe by means of socio-demographic factors the studied population and to detect psychiatric comorbidities. The screening tool was the M.I.N.I. 5.0, which identifies 17 psychiatric disorders including the PTSD, based on the DSM IV definition. The target population was the prison incomers, agreeing to participate in the study, aged more than 18 years old and imprisoned between 18 January 2013 and 31 December 2013. To this date, 549 inmates were included in the study.The main result of this study was a prevalence of PTSD of 17% for incomers in detention. We found that the PTSD+ population is more likely to be female (15% against 7% p = 0.0246), which is consistent with the literature data. The M.I.N.I. 5.0 showed a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the PTSD+ group. This association was confirmed in several types of pathology like mood disorders including: major depressive episode and manic or hypomanic episode, suicidal risk, some anxiety disorders including: panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Strong association was found for current major depressive episode, current manic or hypomanic episode and suicidal risk (p < 0.005).The prevalence of PTSD is very high in this study, about 24 times higher than in a general population survey using the same screening tool.A large number of comorbidities have been identified, which corresponds to those described in the literature. The specific issues of psychiatry in prison lead us to examine more specifically the significance of the results about suicide risk. A comprehensive suicide risk (sum of medium and high risk screened by the M.I.N.I.) was found in significantly more PTSD+ inmates (17% versus 7%, p = 0.005). This study supports the need for routine screening of PTSD among incomers in detention. This disease is both worrying and common in this population but the real issues are the comorbidities. Suicidal potential is among the most important issues in detention. Its evaluation should be completed by an early recognition of a PTSD.
Soumis à des mouvements de population importants, la Guyane Française et son centre pénitentiaire abritentune population métissée chez qui l’histoire récente a laissé une empreinte forte (tremblement de terre en Haïti,guerre civile au Suriname, violence liée à l’orpaillage et au trafic de stupéfiants). Ces événements de vienégatifs apparaissent comme autant de vecteurs potentiels de psychotraumatismes. Dans ces conditions, il nous a paru essentiel de mettre l’accent sur le repérage du TSPT (Trouble de Stress Post-traumatique) dans cette population sensible. A l'aide d’entretiens d’accueil dédiés nous nous sommes proposé de repérer les TSPT, de décrire sur un plan sociodémographique la population étudiée et de rechercher les comorbidités psychiatriques. Le résultat principal de cette étude était une prévalence du TSPT de 17% chez les arrivants en détention. Le MINI 5.0 a montré une prévalence plus élevée des pathologies psychiatriques dans le groupe présentant un TSPT avec un lien très fort (p<0.005) pour l’épisode dépressif majeur actuel, l’épisode (hypo)maniaque actuel et le risque suicidaire. Cette étude appuie la nécessité d’avoir un dépistage systématique du TSPT chez les arrivants en détention. Cette pathologie est à la fois fréquente dans cette population et invalidante mais ce sont ses comorbidités, dont le potentiel suicidaire, qui font tout l’enjeu d’un repérage précoce.
ISSN: 0383-6320

inserm-01421075
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01421075
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01421075/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01421075/file/2016%2C%20Arnal%20-%20Post-Traumatic%20Stress%20Disorder%20among%20Incomers%20in%20Remire-Montjoly%20Prison%2C%20French%20Guiana.pdf
PUBMED : 27570960

Éditeur(s) : George A. Smathers Libraries, University of Florida George A. Smathers Libraries, University of Florida ( Gainesville, FL )
Résumé : Internal tracking sheet version specifically for the Baldwin Library of Historical Children's Literature for the 2014 mini grant to establish a Baldwin Library Scholars Council.

Droits : [cc0] The author dedicated the work to the Commons by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law and all related or neighboring legal rights he or she had in the work, to the extent allowable by law.
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00017119/00022

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
The mantle above a subducting slab is the site of complex interactions between deformation, partial melting, fluid migration and magma transport. To constrain these interactions and their effects on olivine deformation, we analyze microstructures, crystal preferred orientations, and water contents of peridotite xenoliths entrained by andesites of the Avacha volcano, southern Kamchatka arc. These xenoliths are refractory spinel harzburgites that have coarse-grained microstructures with widely spaced subgrain boundaries and sinuous grain boundaries in olivine, consistent with deformation by dislocation creep under low deviatoric stress (< 13 MPa) and with a significant contribution from diffusional processes. Analysis of crystal preferred orientations (CPO) indicates dominant activation of high-temperature, low-stress {0kl}[100] slip systems in olivine and of(100)[001] in orthopyroxene. In most samples, coarse opx crystals, elongated parallel to the lineation, enclose small olivine grains in crystallographic continuity with neighbouring crystals, indicating crystallization of orthopyroxene at the expense of olivine as a result of reactive percolation of Si-rich fluids coeval with the high-temperature deformation. Secondary crystallization of interstitial orthopyroxene led locally to development of opx-rich lenses parallel to the foliation, characterized by a decrease in olivine grain size and dispersion of the olivine CPO without changing the dominant slip systems. Half of the samples also show acicular orthopyroxene aggregates with which is associated a fine-grained matrix composed of rounded strain-free olivine, orthopyroxene, spinel, and rare amphibole crystals. This matrix occurs pervasively along grain boundaries or forms millimeter-scale irregular lenses and anastomosing veinlets that crosscut the coarse crystals and their ductile deformation structures. Both acicular orthopyroxene and the fine-grained matrix are interpreted as resulting from reactive transport of H2O-rich fluids under static conditions, probably in the lithospheric mantle. Infrared analyses show that olivine contains 1-8 center dot 6 ppm by weight of water. These low water contents are similar to those observed in spinel peridotites from other subduction zones and probably record both the low solubility of water in olivine at low pressure and dehydration during exhumation of the xenoliths. Water contents in orthopyroxene are highly variable (25-506 ppm H2O), probably recording spatially heterogeneous interaction with fluids or melts and compositional disequilibrium in the studied samples. Change in the dominant percolation mechanism from porous flow to fracturing suggests cooling, consistent with the low temperatures estimated from pyroxene thermometry (< 800-900 degrees C). The Avacha xenoliths therefore record pervasive deformation of a region of the mantle under asthenospheric conditions, followed by its accretion to the base of the lithosphere, probably as a result of cooling of the mantle wedge. Percolation of Si-rich fluids or hydrous melts is recorded at all stages; this probably enhanced diffusion and lowered deviatoric stresses during ductile deformation, but did not change the dominant slip direction in olivine from [100] to [001].
ISSN: 0022-3530

hal-00456053
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00456053
DOI : 10.1093/petrology/egp085

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Thieme Publishing
Résumé : International audience
To determine the effect of triathlete performance level on the cardiorespiratory responses elicited by the cycle-run succession, eight regionally and nationally-ranked (Competitive) and five internationally-ranked (Elite) male triathletes underwent four successive laboratory trials: 1) an incremental treadmill test, 2) an incremental cycle test, 3) 30 min of cycling followed by 20 min of running (C-R), and 4) a 20-min control run (R) at the same speed as the run in C-R. Before and 10 min after the third and fourth trials the triathletes underwent lung function testing: spirometry and diffusing capacity testing for carbon monoxide (DL(CO)). During the C-R trial blood samples were drawn to measure venous lactate concentration. During all trials ventilatory data were collected every minute using an automated breath-by-breath system. The results showed that 1) the oxygen uptake (VO2) of post-cycling running versus running alone was similar for both groups; 2) the ventilatory responses (VE, VE/VO2, VE/VC02 and f) of C-R running versus R were significantly higher (P < 0.005) for the Competitive group; and 3) a significant decrease (P< 0.05) in DL(CO) was also noted after the C-R trial in the Competitive group but not in the Elite group. We concluded that 1) the ventilatory responses during a run subsequent to cycling may be related to the triathlete performance level, and 2) the C-R trial induced specific alterations in pulmonary function that may be associated with respiratory muscle alteration and exercise-induced hypoxemia in the Competitive triathletes.
ISSN: 0172-4622

hal-00720719
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720719

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : Une approche par datations multiples a été menée sur les dépôts de sédiments de crue retrouvés dans les gorges du Gardon (Languedoc). Le plomb-210, le césium-137 et l’analyse géochimique des sédiments contaminés par les mines ont été utilisés pour reconstruire l’histoire des dépôts de crue. Cette approche a été combinée avec l’historique des crues du Gardon depuis 1890 pour affiner l’approche géochronologique. Au niveau de la cavité GG et de la terrasse GE les analyses ont permis d’illustrer les mécanismes d’érosion-redéposition pouvant perturber les séquences de sédiments. Les enregistrements des dépôts de sédiments de crue sont complets sur la terrasse GE située à 10 m au-dessus du lit mineur à partir de 1958, et incomplets auparavant. Sur la période 1880-1958, 25 crues ont eu un débit suffisant (>1450 m3/s) pour recouvrir la terrasse, alors que l’on recense seulement 5 à 6 crues depuis 1958 (pour un débit de submersion supérieur à 1700 m3/s). L’augmentation progressive du débit de submersion et la fréquence moindre d’inondation de la terrasse ont pu permettre sur la période récente la stabilisation de la couche de surface par la végétation et limiter l’érosion lors de crues importantes. Les enregistrements semblent complets dans la cavité GG située à 15 m au-dessus du lit mineur. La fréquence moindre de submersion à ce niveau plus élevé peut expliquer une meilleure stabilisation des dépôts de crue, rendus moins vulnérables à l’érosion. La datation au radiocarbone a été testée même si elle ne permet pas de dater avec précision les dépôts de crue des derniers siècles. Sur la terrasse GE, 80% des dates au carbone 14 sur charbon de bois sont beaucoup trop vieilles par rapport aux autres techniques de datation, ce qui peut s’expliquer par une remobilisation/déstockage de charbons de bois anciens. Les datations radiocarbone sur graines donnent de meilleurs résultats, car issues d’une production annuelle, plus facilement décomposable et moins sujette à des dépôts intermédiaires. Au final, il apparaît que la technique de datation par radiocarbone sur des charbons de bois retrouvés dans les séquences sédimentaires n’est pas fiable, alors qu’elle est la plus pratiquée en paléo-hydrologie. L’utilisation combinée du plomb-210, du césium-137, de l’analyse géochimique des sédiments et des informations sur les crues historiques a permis de discriminer et de dater les différents dépôts de crue de ce dernier siècle dans la cavité GG et la terrasse GE. / A multidating approach was carried out on slackwater flood deposits, preserved in valley side rock cave and terrace, of the Gardon River in Languedoc, southeast France. Lead-210, caesium-137, and geochemical analysis of mining-contaminated slackwater flood sediments have been used to reconstruct the history of these flood deposits. These age controls were combined with the continuous record of Gardon flow since 1890, and the combined records were then used to assign ages to slackwater deposits. The stratigraphic records of terrace GE and cave GG were excellent examples to illustrate the effects of erosion/preservation in a context of a progressively self-censoring, vertically accreting sequence. The sedimentary flood record of the terrace GE located at 10 m above the channel bed is complete for years post-1958 but incomplete before. During the 78-year period 1880-1958, 25 floods of a sufficient magnitude (> 1450 m3/s) have covered the terrace. Since 1958, however, the frequency of inundation of the deposits has been lower:only 5 or 6 floods in 52 years have been large enough to exceed the necessary threshold discharge (> 1700 m3/s). The progressive increase of threshold discharge and the reduced frequency of inundation at the terrace could allow stabilisation of the vegetation cover and improved protection against erosion from subsequent large magnitude flood events. The sedimentary flood record seems complete for cave GG located at 15 m above the channel bed. Here, the low frequency of events would have enabled a high degree of stabilisation of the sedimentary flood record, rendering the deposits less susceptible to erosion. Radiocarbon dating are used in this study and compared to the other dating techniques.Eighty percent of radiocarbon dates on charcoals were considerably older than those obtained by the other techniques in the terrace. On the other hand, radiocarbon dating on seeds provided better results. This discrepancy between radiocarbon dates on charcoal and seeds is explained by the nature of the dated material (permanent wood vs. annual production and resistance to degradation process). Finally, we showed in this study that although the most common dating technique used in paleoflood hydrology is radiocarbon dating, usually on charcoal preserved within slackwater flood sediments, this method did not permitus to define a coherent age model. Only the combined use of lead-210, caesium-137, and geochemical analysis of mining-contaminated sediments with the instrumental flood record can be applied to discriminate and date the recent slackwater deposits of the terrace GE and cave GG.
ISSN: 0169-555X

hal-01059669
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01059669
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01059669/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01059669/file/ly2014-pub00040953.pdf
IRSTEA : PUB00040953

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Masson
Résumé : National audience
INTRODUCTION:The AIRBAg study screens for bronchial obstruction in dairy farmers. We present the preliminary results after one year.METHODS:A prospective screening study based on questionnaires and electronic mini-spirometry (Néo-6(®)) that includes a representative sample of dairy farmers from the departments of Morbihan and Île-et-Vilaine in Brittany. The dairy farmers had an occupational medicine appointment and, if they demonstrated at least one marker of possible bronchial obstruction (chronic cough, chronic bronchitis, dyspnoea, wheezing, FEV1/FEV6<0.8), they were referred to a pulmonologist. The data we present here were extracted from the occupational medicine appointments because the pulmonologists' appointments are still running.RESULTS:Among the 277 dairy farmers included, 125 (45%) demonstrated "possible bronchial obstruction". The total score of the CAT questionnaire was higher in these farmers (9.1±6.2 versus 5.8±4.0; P<0.0001). In multivariate analysis markers of "possible bronchial obstruction" were eczema, manual foddering and duration of mechanical straw litter spreading.CONCLUSION:Occupational medicine appointments identified markers of "possible bronchial obstruction". We will have the complete results from AIRBAg study in 2015.
ISSN: 0761-8425

hal-01117944
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01117944
DOI : 10.1016/j.rmr.2014.03.014
PUBMED : 25847201

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM)
Résumé : International audience
PURPOSE AND METHODS: To determine the effects of cycling on a subsequent triathlon run, nine male triathletes underwent four successive laboratory trials: 1) an incremental treadmill test, 2) an incremental cycle test, 3) 30 min of cycling followed by 5 km of running (C-R), and 4) 30 min of running followed by 5 km of running (R-R). Before and 10 min after the third and fourth trials, the triathletes underwent pulmonary function testing including spirometry and diffusing capacity testing for carbon monoxide (DL(CO)). During the C-R and R-R trials, arterialized blood samples were obtained to measure arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2). During all trials, ventilatory data were collected every minute using an automated breath-by-breath system. RESULTS: The results showed that 1) the oxygen uptake (VO2) observed during subsequent running was similar for the C-R and R-R trials; 2) the ventilatory response (VE) during the first 8 min of subsequent running was significantly greater in the C-R than in R-R trial (P < 0.05); 3) only the C-R trial induced a significant increase (P < 0.05) in residual volume (RV), functional residual capacity (FRC), and the ratio of residual volume to total lung capacity (RV/TLC); and 4) although a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in DL(CO) was noted after C-R, no difference between the two exercise trials was found for the maximal drop in PaO2. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that 1) the C-R trial induced specific alterations in pulmonary function that may be associated with respiratory muscle fatigue and/or exercise-induced hypoxemia, and 2) the greater VE observed during the first minute of running after cycling was due to the specificity of cycling. This reinforces the necessity for triathletes to practice multi-trial training to stimulate the physiological responses experienced during the swim-cycle and the cycle-run transitions.
ISSN: 0195-9131

hal-00720412
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720412
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720412/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720412/file/Article.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Previous studies have reported respiratory, cardiac and muscle changes at rest in triathletes 24 h after completion of the event. To examine the effects of these changes on metabolic and cardioventilatory variables during exercise, eight male triathletes of mean age 21.1 (SD 2.5) years (range 17-26 years) performed an incremental cycle exercise test (IET) before (pre) and the day after (post) an official classic triathlon (1.5-km swimming, 40-km cycling and 10-km running). The IET was performed using an electromagnetic cycle ergometer. Ventilatory data were collected every minute using a breath-by-breath automated system and included minute ventilation (V(E)), oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), respiratory exchange ratio, ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (V(E)/VO2) and for carbon dioxide (V(E)/VCO2), breathing frequency and tidal volume. Heart rate (HR) was monitored using an electrocardiogram. The oxygen pulse was calculated as VO2/HR. Arterialized blood was collected every 2 min throughout IET and the recovery period, and lactate concentration was measured using an enzymatic method. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was determined using conventional criteria. Ventilatory threshold (VT) was determined using the V-slope method formulated earlier. Cardioventilatory variables were studied during the test, at the point when the subject felt exhausted and during recovery. Results indicated no significant differences (P > 0.05) in VO2max [62.6 (SD 5.9) vs 64.6 (SD 4.8) ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)], VT [2368 (SD 258) vs 2477 (SD 352) ml x min(-1)] and time courses of VO2 between the pre- versus post-triathlon sessions. In contrast, the time courses of HR and blood lactate concentration reached significantly higher values (P < 0.05) in the pre-triathlon session. We concluded that these triathletes when tested 24 h after a classic triathlon displayed their pre-event aerobic exercise capacity, bud did not recover pretriathlon time courses in HR or blood lactate concentration.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY

hal-00720432
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720432
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720432/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720432/file/Article_2.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Tsavorite is exclusively hosted in the Neoproterozoic Metamorphic Mozambique Belt (NMMB). The gemstone mines, widespread between Kalalani (Tanzania) and Mgama Ridge (Kenya), define a continuous corridor over a hundred kilometers in length. The tsavorite is hosted by a metasedimentary sequence defined as the Kurase tsavorite-bearing metasediments (Kurase-TB metasediments) that also hosts rubies. These metasediments underwent amphibolite-facies metamorphism and are surrounded by granulitic gneisses that are also of sedimentary origin (the Kurase high-temperature gneisses). All these rocks lie below the Kasigau Group, a unit dominated by granulite-facies metamagmatic rocks.To constrain the timing of events that led to this peculiar occurrence of tsavorite, we have performed geochronological analyses of thin sections and of separated grains of zircon, monazite, and rutile using LA-ICP-MS and ID-TIMS, as well as 40Ar/39Ar of muscovite and phlogopite from various lithologies. The results show that the different terranes were metamorphosed synchronously between 620–580 Ma but under different P-T strain conditions. The Kurase-HT gneisses and the rocks from the Kasigau Group are highly strained and underwent granulite-facies metamorphism with abundant partial melting and emplacement of felsic melts between 620 and 600 Ma. Textural observations also underlined a late regional water flux controlling the occurrence of V-free muscovite and monazite mineralizations at 585 Ma. The latter event can be related to the activity of the Galana shear zone, in the east. The Kurase-TB metasediments escaped strain and partial melting. They record amphibolite-facies conditions with static heating, since initial sedimentary structures were locally preserved. The age of the tsavorite mineralization was inferred at 600 Ma from metamorphic zircon rims and monazite from the closest host-rocks, sampled in the mines. Hence, tsavorite crystallization occurred statically at the end of the metamorphic event, probably when the temperature and the amount of volatiles were at maximum levels.Conversely, the ruby formed by local metasomatism of felsic dikes and isolated ultramafic bodies. The rubies are older and zircons and monazites from a ruby-bearing felsic dike (plumasite) were dated at 615 Ma. Finally, data from rutile and micas indicate a global cooling below 430 °C of the whole region between 510 and 500 Ma.
The Canadian Mineralogist

hal-01616037
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01616037
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01616037/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01616037/file/JEM.pdf
DOI : 10.3749/canmin.1700019