Éditeur(s) : Florida State Museum, University of Florida Florida State Museum, University of Florida ( Gainsville, Fla. )
Résumé : (Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.
Cover title.
Summaries in English and Spanish.
Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, volume 28, numbers 1-4
West Indies
Florida

Droits : Copyright held by the Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida. All rights reserved. Text, images and other media are for nonprofit, educational, and personal use of students, scholars, and the public. Any commercial use or republication by printed or electronic media is strictly prohibited without written permission of the museum. For permission or additional information, please contact the current editor of the Bulletin at bulletin@flmnh.ufl.edu.
09087148

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Pacific-credo Publications
Résumé : International audience
Les sciences humaines et sociales dans le Pacifique Sud, terrain questions et méthodes

ISBN : 978-2-9537485-2-9
hal-01342961
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01342961

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Astrocytes send out long processes that are terminated by endfeet at the vascular surface and regulate vascular functions as well as homeostasis at the vascular interface. To date, the astroglial mechanisms underlying these functions have been poorly addressed. Here we demonstrate that a subset of messenger RNAs is distributed in astrocyte endfeet. We identified, among this transcriptome, a pool of messenger RNAs bound to ribosomes, the endfeetome, that primarily encodes for secreted and membrane proteins. We detected nascent protein synthesis in astrocyte endfeet. Finally, we determined the presence of smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus in astrocyte perivascular processes and endfeet, suggesting for local maturation of membrane and secreted proteins. These results demonstrate for the first time that protein synthesis occurs in astrocyte perivascular distal processes that may sustain their structural and functional polarization at the vascular interface.
Cell Discovery

hal-01545319
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01545319
DOI : 10.1038/celldisc.2017.5

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Infective endocarditis is defined by a focus of infection within the heart and is a feared disease across the field of cardiology. It is frequently acquired in the health care setting, and more than one-half of cases now occur in patients without known heart disease. Despite optimal care, mortality approaches 30% at 1 year. The challenges posed by infective endocarditis are significant. It is heterogeneous in etiology, clinical manifestations, and course. Staphylococcus aureus, which has become the predominant causative organism in the developed world, leads to an aggressive form of the disease, often in vulnerable or elderly patient populations. There is a lack of research infrastructure and funding, with few randomized controlled trials to guide practice. Longstanding controversies such as the timing of surgery or the role of antibiotic prophylaxis have not been resolved. The present article reviews the challenges posed by infective endocarditis and outlines current and future strategies to limit its impact. (C) 2017 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.
ISSN: 0735-1097

hal-01489511
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01489511
DOI : 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.10.066

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley Open Access
Résumé : Biodiversity continues to decline in the face of increasing anthropogenic pressures such as habitat destruction, exploitation, pollution and introduction of alien species. Existing global databases of species' threat status or population time series are dominated by charismatic species. The collation of datasets with broad taxonomic and biogeographic extents, and that support computation of a range of biodiversity indicators, is necessary to enable better understanding of historical declines and to project - and avert - future declines. We describe and assess a new database of more than 1.6 million samples from 78 countries representing over 28,000 species, collated from existing spatial comparisons of local-scale biodiversity exposed to different intensities and types of anthropogenic pressures, from terrestrial sites around the world. The database contains measurements taken in 208 (of 814) ecoregions, 13 (of 14) biomes, 25 (of 35) biodiversity hotspots and 16 (of 17) megadiverse countries. The database contains more than 1% of the total number of all species described, and more than 1% of the described species within many taxonomic groups - including flowering plants, gymnosperms, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, beetles, lepidopterans and hymenopterans. The dataset, which is still being added to, is therefore already considerably larger and more representative than those used by previous quantitative models of biodiversity trends and responses. The database is being assembled as part of the PREDICTS project (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems - ). We make site-level summary data available alongside this article. The full database will be publicly available in 2015.
ISSN: 2045-7758

hal-01204216
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01204216
DOI : 10.1002/ece3.1303
PRODINRA : 280886

Éditeur(s) : Paris : Marpon et Flammarion
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Provenance : Archives départementales de Guadeloupe
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/ADG18176
ADG18176

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : HYDRO
The objective of this study was to examine the water relations and hydraulic architecture and vulnerability to cavitation in Virola surinamensis and V. michelii and to compare to similar measurements in Eperua falcata. In several previous reports Virola was seen to have a rather narrow range of xylem pressure potentials ( Yx) near zero in the course of a wet-season day while having water fluxes quite close to Eperua. We tested the hypothesis that the narrow range of Yx might be consistent with very high hydraulic conductivities of stems, roots and shoots and high vulnerability to cavitation in Virola compared to Eperua. When this hypothesis proved false we concluded that the previous determinations of Y x might be wrong in Virola due to latex. We re-examined the determination of Yx in Virola by the pressure chamber technique and compared results to determination of Yleaf by the thermocouple psychrometer technique and found that the likely range of Yx are more negative than previously reported. Problems concerning the determination of Yx in species with latex are discussed.
Journal of Sigmoidal Plant Hydraulics

hal-01032396
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032396

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Landes Bioscience
Résumé : International audience
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
Autophagy

hal-00735751
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00735751
PUBMED : 22966490

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most frequent chronic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia in adults. The management of rare diseases in France has been organised by a national plan for rare diseases, which endorsed a network of expert centres for rare diseases throughout France. This article is an overview of the executive summary of the French guidelines for the management of IPF, an initiative that emanated from the French National Reference Centre and the Network of Regional Competence Centres for Rare Lung Diseases. This review aims at providing pulmonologists with a document that: 1) combines the current available evidence; 2) reviews practical modalities of diagnosis and management of IPF; and 3) is adapted to everyday medical practice. The French practical guidelines result from the combined efforts of a coordination committee, a writing committee and a multidisciplinary review panel, following recommendations from the Haute Autorité de Santé. All recommendations included in this article received at least 90% agreement by the reviewing panel. Herein, we summarise the main conclusions and practical recommendations of the French guidelines.
Eur Respir Rev

hal-01063982
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01063982
DOI : 10.1183/09059180.00001814
PUBMED : 24881074

Résumé : En Août 2005, l'ouragan Katrina s'est abattu sur la ville de la Nouvelle-Orléans, en Louisiane causant mort, désespoir, angoisse mais aussi destruction massive. Katrina a forcé une partie de la population affectée à déménager, et à chercher refuge dans les états voisins. Face aux premières images de l'une des pires catastrophes des Etats-Unis, la prépondérance des AfricainsAméricains parmi les victimes a été choquante. Katrina a révélé au monde entier et a mis sous les projecteurs la persistance de l'esclavage, du racisme et des inégalités raciales. Les AfricainsAméricains ont dû s'organiser seuls au Superdome et au Convention Center pour sur/vivre. Ce travail de recherche analyse le lien étroit qui existe entre les notions de «race» de classe et la géographie. Nous examinerons les concepts hautement controversés de « refugiés » et de « pilleurs» dans le contexte américain. Nous chercherons à comprendre comment l'histoire et le racisme peuvent influencer les comportements et les décisions politiques. Etait-ce une catastrophe naturelle, un désastre créé par l'humain ou une crise héritée de legs culturels? La culture et la race ont été les facteurs principaux de cette tragédie. Nous traiterons de cette catastrophe non pas comme un simple phénomène cyclonique mais comme un évènement culturel. La culture a successivement condamné et sauvé les Africains-Américains en 2005. Le jazz, le blues et le hip-hop ont été de véritables atouts suite à Katrina. Les Africains-Américains ont utilisé ces genres musicaux afin d'exprimer leur chagrin et colère. L'écriture est devenue une véritable thérapie assimilée à une catharsis. Grâce à cela, ils ont pu dire non à une annihilation programmée
In August 2005, hurricane Katrina made landfall on the city of New-Orleans, Louisiana causing not only death, despair, anguish but also massive destruction and subsequent relocation. As the catastrophe made headlines worldwide, people were shocked by the overwhelming preponderance of the African American poor among those stranded within the city. Many explained the disproportion as a result of continual neglect. The devastation left by Katrina brought to light the enduring legacy of slavery, racism and racial inequality. African Americans were left alone to fend for themselves at the Superdome and at the Convention Center. This doctoral research provides an insight into the correlation between race, class and geography. We will explore the highly controversial concepts of "the refuge(s)" and "looters" in the US context. We will try to figure out how history and cultural racism influence behaviors and political decisions. Was Katrina a natural catastrophe, a man-made disaster or a cultural crisis? Besides race, culture seems to be a major component in this tragedy. We delve into this analysis from the framework of cultural studies. On the one hand, culture condemned African-Americans in 2005, but on the other hand, it put them out of harm's way. Jazz, blues and hip-hop became serious assets in the aftermath of hurricane Katrina. African-Americans used these musical genres to express grief and anger. They used writing as a powerful tool to recover from Katrina. Jazz, blues and hip-hop proved to be synonymous with catharsis

http://www.theses.fr/2013AGUY0667