Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Well-designed and effectively managed networks of marine reserves can be effective tools for both fisheries management and biodiversity conservation. Connectivity, the demographic linking of local populations through the dispersal of individuals as larvae, juveniles or adults, is a key ecological factor to consider in marine reserve design, since it has important implications for the persistence of metapopulations and their recovery from disturbance. For marine reserves to protect biodiversity and enhance populations of species in fished areas, they must be able to sustain focal species (particularly fishery species) within their boundaries, and be spaced such that they can function as mutually replenishing networks whilst providing recruitment subsidies to fished areas. Thus the configuration (size, spacing and location) of individual reserves within a network should be informed by larval dispersal and movement patterns of the species for which protection is required. In the past, empirical data regarding larval dispersal and movement patterns of adults and juveniles of many tropical marine species have been unavailable or inaccessible to practitioners responsible for marine reserve design. Recent empirical studies using new technologies have also provided fresh insights into movement patterns of many species and redefined our understanding of connectivity among populations through larval dispersal. Our review of movement patterns of 34 families (210 species) of coral reef fishes demonstrates that movement patterns (home ranges, ontogenetic shifts and spawning migrations) vary among and within species, and are influenced by a range of factors (e.g. size, sex, behaviour, density, habitat characteristics, season, tide and time of day). Some species move <0.1–0.5 km (e.g. damselfishes, butterflyfishes and angelfishes), <0.5–3 km (e.g. most parrotfishes, goatfishes and surgeonfishes) or 3–10 km (e.g. large parrotfishes and wrasses), while others move tens to hundreds (e.g. some groupers, emperors, snappers and jacks) or thousands of kilometres (e.g. some sharks and tuna). Larval dispersal distances tend to be <5–15 km, and self-recruitment is common. Synthesising this information allows us, for the first time, to provide species, specific advice on the size, spacing and location of marine reserves in tropical marine ecosystems to maximise benefits for conservation and fisheries management for a range of taxa. We recommend that: (i) marine reserves should be more than twice the size of the home range of focal species (in all directions), thus marine reserves of various sizes will be required depending on which species require protection, how far they move, and if other effective protection is in place outside reserves; (ii) reserve spacing should be <15 km, with smaller reserves spaced more closely; and (iii) marine reserves should include habitats that are critical to the life history of focal species (e.g. home ranges, nursery grounds, migration corridors and spawning aggregations), and be located to accommodate movement patterns among these. We also provide practical advice for practitioners on how to use this information to design, evaluate and monitor the effectiveness of marine reserve networks within broader ecological, socioeconomic and management contexts.
ISSN: 1464-7931

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/
hal-01334353
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01334353
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01334353/document
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01334353/file/Green_et_al-2015-Biological_Reviews.pdf
DOI : 10.1111/brv.12155

Éditeur(s) : American Architect and Building News, American Architect and Building News, ( [Boston] )
Résumé : Page from the American Architect and Building News, April 24, 1886
All rights reserved by the source institution.
Digital image. 2005. 300 ppi, 2706 x 4032 pixels, 31.2 mb rgb tif. Prints. Box 36.
Trinidad, W.I.

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.
2004-220-4

Éditeur(s) : Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida ( Gainesville Fla )
Résumé : (Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references (p. 281-304).
(Statement of Responsibility) by Charles A. Woods, Florence E. Sergile, Jose Alberto Ottenwalder.
Rev. of: Stewardship plan for the national parks of Haiti / by Charles A. Woods and Lawrence Harris. 1986.
"Prepared for USAID/Haiti"--T.p. verso.
Summary in French.
(Funding) Florida Historical Agriculture and Rural Life
Haiti
Haiti
Parc national Pic Macaya (Haiti)
Parc national La Visite (Haiti)

27606598
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00065152/00001

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Cet article se réfère à ce que certains auteurs nomment, au Brésil, «nouveaux territoires» qui, depuis les débats lors de la Constituante fédérale de 1988, ont pris place, totalement ou partiellement, dans les circonscriptions tels qu’un État, une Commune, un District. Ce texte aborde deux types de réserves de conservation environnementale: une « réserve extractiviste » conquise par des populations rurales riveraines au confluent des fleuves Xingu et Amazone; et une « réserve marine» de populations rurales côtières – les deux à l’État du Pará. Au Brésil comme en Europe, ces initiatives ont visé un meilleur mode de vie et le développement des populations locales et, éventuellement, par surplus, régionales ou nationales. Au Brésil, ces objectifs ont été liés au droit à l’usage collectif des forêts, des bois, des cours d’eau et des mangroves. À des degrés différents, ces territoires sont issus de luttes pour la défense des ressources qui étaient la source de la subsistance de leurs habitants, de leur mode de vie et culture, en un mot, leur patrimoine – contre la pénétration d’« étrangers » venus d’ailleurs en dépit de la loi et de la légitimité: entreprises du bois, de grands élevages et de pêche. Ce texte cherche à confronter, au niveau de l’analyse sociologique, des intérêts de groupes, des acteurs, des stratégies des uns et des autres et de leurs perspectives pour les actuelles et futures générations.
This article refers to what some writers call, in Brazil, "new territories". Since the debates during the Federal Constitution elaboration, in 1988, they have been implemented, wholly or partly, within the jurisdiction of a state, a municipality, or a district. This paper addresses two types of environmental conservation reserves: an "extractive reserve" conquered by rural people at the confluence of the rivers Xingu and Amazon; and a "marine reserve" of rural populations on the northern coast of Brazil - both in the federal state of Pará. In Brazil as in Europe, these initiatives aim at better living standards and collective development of local populations. In Brazil, these have been linked to the respect of their collective rights to use the forests, wood, water streams and mangroves. To varying degrees, these territories result from struggles in defense of natural resources that were source of livelihood, lifestyle and culture of the inhabitants, in short, their heritage – against the invasion of "foreigners", timber companies, large farms and fishers. This text contrasts, through sociological analysis, the interest groups, the stakeholders, the challenges and their development prospects vis-à-vis the present and future generations.
Brésil

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.8854
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/8854

Éditeur(s) : N. D. Thompson Publishing Co. N. D. Thompson Publishing Co. ( [New York] )
Résumé : "Direct reproduction from colored photograph by the new colortype (or natural color) process. Plate is from v. 1 of Our islands and their people : as seen with camera and pencil / ed. and arranged by William S. Bryan.
Digital image. 2005. 300 ppi rgb tif.
All rights reserved by the source institution.
Nueva Gerona, Isla de Pinos (Cuba)

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.
1997-361-2
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00010491/00001

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Las Islas Canarias, situadas en la región macaronésica, acogen ecosistemas terrestres y marinos de valiosa riqueza ecológica y paisajística, representativos de las áreas culturales y biogeográficas de su entorno; hasta el punto de albergar tres Reservas de la Biosfera reconocidas por la UNESCO. La diversidad y riqueza de este marco insular ya fue elogiada por grandes científicos como Alexander von Humboldt o Charles Darwin. Sin embargo, actualmente la presión ejercida sobre el medio por parte del desarrollo urbanístico y la industria turística, motor económico del archipiélago, pone en peligro estos frágiles ecosistemas; lo que ha generado un profundo debate entre crecimiento económico y turístico, y desarrollo sostenible y conservación. El presente artículo trata, desde una óptica divulgativa, de acercar al lector al medio que caracteriza las Islas Canarias e introducirlo en el marco donde se desarrolla parte importante de la actividad turística en España, uno de los países que más turistas recibe año a año.
Les îles Canaries, situées dans la région de la ‘Macaronésica’ (l’Est de l’Océan Atlantique), abritent des écosystèmes marins et terrestres très précieux, tant du point de vue écologique que paysager. Ils sont représentatifs de les zones biogéographiques de sa région et comptent trois Réserves da Biosphère reconnues par l’UNESCO. De grands scientifiques comme Alexander Von Humboldt et Charles Darwin ont fait l’éloge de la richesse de la biodiversité de cet archipel. Cependant, actuellement, la pression anthropique, notamment en liaison avec le développement touristique et tous les enjeux économiques qui l’accompagnent, mettent en danger les écosystèmes des Canaries ; ce constat a ouvert un large débat sur les enjeux autour des développements économique et touristiques et leurs dérives. Notre article propose de mettre l’accent sur les caractéristiques des îles Canaries et de replacer les processus de développements touristiques dans leur contexte pour ouvrir la réflexion sur les conditions nécessaires pour d’un développement durable.
The Canary Islands, located in the region of 'Macaronésica' (Este of Atlantic Ocean), are home to marine and terrestrial ecosystems very valuable, both ecological and landscape. They are representative of the bio-geographic zones of the region and there are three Biosphere Reserves da recognized by UNESCO. Great scientists such as Alexander Von Humboldt and Charles Darwin have praised the richness of the biodiversity of this archipelago. However, at present, anthropogenic pressure, including in relation to tourism development and all economic issues that accompany it, endanger ecosystems Canary Islands. This has opened a broad debate on the issues surrounding economic development and tourism and their excesses. Our article proposes to focus on the characteristics of the Canary Islands and put the process of tourist developments in their context to open reflection on the necessary conditions for sustainable development.
Canaries

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.1302
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/1302

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : La création d’une réserve marine au nord de la Martinique, dans la commune du Prêcheur, a donné lieu à une évaluation de la valeur économique des écosystèmes marins et côtiers (EMC) de la zone d’étude. La valeur économique totale (VET) obtenue est de l’ordre de 58 millions d’euros, soit près de 12 millions d’euros par km2. Cette valeur correspond à la somme des valeurs liées aux différents usages directs (pêche, excursion et plongée encadrée, pour l’essentiel), soit près de 3 millions d’euros, aux usages indirects provenant des services écologiques (protection côtière, séquestration carbone, production de biomasse et épuration des eaux, pour l’essentiel), soit environ 200 000 euros, et, à la valeur de non-usage associée à l’existence des écosystèmes et à la transmission de ce patrimoine naturel aux générations futures en dehors d’un quelconque usage présent et futur, soit près de 55 millions d’euros. La création de la réserve devrait engendrer une augmentation de cette valeur en améliorant les services écologiques et les usages ludiques.
The creation of a marine reserve in the north-western part of Martinique, located in the area of Prêcheur, has led to an economic valuation of marine and coastal ecosystems. The total economic value (TEV) has been estimated to about 58 million Euros annually, almost 12 million Euros by km². This value stands for the sum of values associated to: i) direct uses (fishing, diving, beach leisure, etc.) for almost 3 million Euros; ii) indirect uses originating from ecological services (water treatment and nutrient cycling, biomass productivity, carbon sequestration) for 200,000 Euros; and iii) non-uses associated to the existence and bequest to next generation of the natural capital without any consideration of use for about 55 million Euros. The creation of the marine reserve should lead to an increase of this value through an enhancement of ecological services of ecosystems and the non-extractive uses such as tourism and marine leisure.
Martinique

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.6620
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/6620

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD L'Harmattan
Résumé : International audience
Au terme de la description de la création et de la gestion des grandes aires marines protégées, de l'examen de la situation particulière du Pacifique et de deux cas emblématiques des politiques nationales d'extension de ses zones protégées, peut-on...
Gouvernance, enjeux et mondialisation des grandes aires marines protégées

ISBN : 978-2-343-04160-5
hal-01333476
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01333476
IRD : fdi:010063183

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Cet article analyse les interactions socioculturelles d’acteurs multiples ayant des intérêts divergents en regard de la reconnaissance d’un espace naturel à titre d’aire protégée, plus particulièrement le Parc marin du Saguenay–Saint-Laurent (PMSSL), situé au Québec à l’embouchure de la rivière Saguenay. Compris dans le sens d’espace socialisé et investi de valeurs parfois contradictoires, ce territoire constitue le cas empirique sur lequel repose l’analyse des logiques d’acteurs. La perspective ici mise de l’avant repose à la fois sur une décision de l’État de créer et de mettre en valeur une aire marine ainsi que sur la participation active des collectivités territoriales dans la gestion du patrimoine environnemental et culturel lié à leur identité propre. Si la participation des communautés locales apparaît comme un élément essentiel et démocratique dans la reconnaissance d’un espace naturel protégé, il apparaît tout aussi capital de bien saisir la logique qui sous-tend les actions de l’État et du milieu. Les résultats empiriques montrent deux logiques d’action distinctes à l’œuvre, une logique classique de planification et implantation stratégiques de l’état réservant une espace de participation programmée pour la communauté et une logique stratégique communautaire à caractère émergent, de portée moins englobante, mais adaptable aux nouvelles réalités et contraintes gouvernementales. Les résultats peuvent être représentés sous forme d’un processus de gouvernance à l’œuvre, un caractérisé par une participation de base, mais un qui suggère qu’un processus plus hautement démocratique nécessiterait un plus haut degré de vigilance dans la perspective communautaire, suffisante pour produire une meilleure symétrie de pouvoir démocratique entre l’État.
This paper analyzes the socio-cultural dynamic between multiple stakeholders with divergent interests concerning the formalization of the status of a natural area into a protected area. The empirical case under analysis is the creation of the Saguenay Marine Park located at the confluence of the St-lawrence and Saguenay rivers in Québec, a rural region represented by different localities showing some contradictions in socio-economic values and agendas. The dual perspective put forth is, first, the governmental decision one to create and promote a marine protected area, and second, the regional community one to participate in the process and adapt the management of their cultural and environmental heritage to their own perception of their socio-economic identity. The objective of analysis is to identify the logics of action underlying both processes. The empirical results show two distinct logics at work, a government logic of classic managerial planning and implementation into which the community has a programmed role and a community logic of emergent planning, less comprehensive in scope, but adaptable to the emerging realities and limitations of the governmnent one. They can be seen in tandem as representing a governance process at work, one with a basic participative character, but one which suggests that an enhanced democratic process entails a higher vigilance level from a community perspective, such as to produce a more even democratic symmetry of powers between the State and the regional community.
Québec

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.3565
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/3565

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Avec 130 espèces identifiées, l’Amazonie est la région du monde qui abrite le plus grand nombre d’espèces d’abeilles sans dard. Cette diversité reste assez peu exploitée par les communautés locales, même si certaines pratiques, comme la recherche de nids ou l’extraction de miel sauvage, sont sans doute très anciennes. La diversification des usages du miel et l’utilisation récente du pollen à des fins médicinales, pourraient les modifier durablement, et les essaims devenir l’objet de toutes les attentions.Dans la Réserve d’Amanã, les dix-huit agriculteurs, que nous avons interrogés et parfois filmés lors de mises en situation, ont conscience de cette évolution et la plupart s’en réjouissent. En tant qu’éleveurs d’abeilles, ils savent aujourd’hui que pour récolter du miel, ils ne sont plus contraints de chercher des colonies sauvages, de les déloger pour finalement les détruire. Mais on aurait tort de croire que ces pratiques anciennes constituent, dans le cas étudié, une menace pour l’entomofaune ; d’une part parce que la pression sur les nids reste très limitée, d’autre part parce que les extractions ne concernent qu’un nombre réduit d’espèces. C’est pourquoi il est indispensable de mieux décrire ces techniques et de les valoriser comme des savoir-faire ancestraux.
With 130 identified species, the Amazon is one region of the world which shelters the largest number of species of bees without a sting. This diversity is rarely exploited by the local communities even if certain practices like the search of honeycombs or the extraction of wild honey are very ancient. The diversification of the uses of honey and the recent use of the pollen for medicinal purposes could modify these sustainable practices and the bee swarms could become a major center of attention.In the Amanã Reserve, the eighteen farmers that were questioned and sometimes filmed while they were in work situations, are conscious of this revolution and most of them rare pleased with this new trend. As working beekeepers, they know that to collect some honey, they are no longer compelled to look for wild colonies, to dislodge them from their natural habitat, which would finally destroy them. Correspondingly it would be wrong to believe that these ancient practices, extraction of wild honey, represent in the studied case, a threat for the entomofauna. On one hand, the importance on honeycombs remains very limited, also on the other hand, the extractions concern just a few number of bee species. That is why it is essential to better specify these techniques and to value them as an ancestral knowledge.
Brésil

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.10279
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/10279

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : L’article présente les différences de perception entre les touristes et les résidents en matière de protection de l’environnement marin et côtier. Il s’appuie sur les résultats des études menées à l’échelle de la Martinique en 2010 dans le cadre de l’évaluation de la valeur économique et sociale des récifs coralliens et écosystèmes associés et à celle de la commune du Prêcheur en 2011 dans le cadre de la mise en place de la réserve marine régionale. Il met en exergue les éléments qui composent les disparités de perception et de souhaits quant aux mesures de gestion des espaces littoraux. Il montre toutefois que la création d’une aire marine protégée dans la commune du Prêcheur emporte l’adhésion de tous.
The article presents the differences in perception between the tourists and residents regarding the protection of the marine and coastal environment. It is based on the results of studies conducted across Martinique in 2010, in the framework of the evaluation of the economic and social value of coral reefs and associated ecosystems, and at the level of the rural community of le Prêcheur in 2011, in the context of the implementation of the regional marine reserve. It highlights the elements that compose the disparities of perception and wishes with respect to coastal areas management measures. It shows, however, that the creation of a marine protected area in the commune of le Prêcheur has the unanimous support of all.
Martinique
Prêcheur

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.9351
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/9351

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : Dissolved and particulate Hg fluxes in the Lot-Garonne-Gironde fluvial-estuarine system were obtained from observation of daily discharge and suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations. In addition to the measurements of the total dissolved (< 0.45 gm) and particulate Hg (> 0.45 gm), called HgTD and HgTp respectively, the dissolved inorganic Hg species (HgRD) were determined monthly. Geochemical background values for HgTp in sediments and SPM were similar to crustal values and to typical concentrations in SPM of non-contaminated river systems, respectively. The Riou Mort watershed already known as the origin of important historical polymetallic (e.g., Cd, Zn) pollution was identified as an important Hg point source. In the downstream Lot River, Hg concentrations were clearly higher than those in other moderately contaminated systems. The mean relative contribution of HgRD to HgTD in the Lot River and in the Garonne River was close to 25% and 50%, respectively, and showed no correlation with water discharge or SPM concentration. Depending on the origin and nature of SPM, HgTp concentrations were correlated or not with particulate organic C (POC). Maximum HgTp concentrations were measured in samples containing low POC concentrations and were attributed to sediment resuspension. In contrast, high POC concentrations (6-17%) during algal blooms were associated with low/moderate HgTp concentrations (< 0.5 mg kg(-1)) at different sites, suggesting that Hg concentrations in fluvial phytoplankton may be limited by bioavailability of dissolved Hg and/or physiologically controlled Hg accumulation. Mercury was mostly (up to 98%) transported in the particulate phase with estimated annual Hg fluxes at the outlet of the Lot River system ranging from 35 to 530 kg a(-1) for the past decade. The minimum anthropogenic component (58-84% of total Hg fluxes) could not be explained by present Riou Mort point source contributions, suggesting important Hg release from contaminated sediment as a major source and from downstream point sources (e.g., coal-fired power plants and/or metal processing industries). HgTp concentrations and fluxes were strongly related to hydrologic variations and were clearly increased by riverbed dredging during lock construction. Therefore, the estimated Hg stocks in the Lot River sediment (5-13 tons) represent an important potential Hg source for the downstream fluvial-estuarine system.
Applied Geochemistry (0883-2927) (Elsevier), 2006-03 , Vol. 21 , N. 3 , P. 515-527

Droits : 2006 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-1343.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.12.004
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1343/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Juin 2003
Dans le contexte actuel de mondialisation, de changement climatique et de forte anthropisation de la biosphère, les Petites Antilles s'érigent en monde marginal ou encore en anti-monde. Fracturées du point de vue politique, économique, linguistique et à certains égards culturel, ces territoires insulaires du Bassin caraïbe recèlent de richesses environnementales (physiques, écosystèmiques et paysagères). Comme partout ailleurs dans le monde humanisé, la survie de ces sociétés implique le rétablissement des grands équilibres écologiques consubstantiels à une articulation efficiente entre le naturel, l'urbain et l'agricole. Compte tenu de la pression démographique, variable d'une île à l'autre, la pérennité des écosystèmes en covariance avec un développement économique profitant au plus grand nombre ne peut se concevoir à l'échelle insulaire. Il semble judicieux d'imaginer un développement à l'échelle de l'archipel basé sur la complémentarité, puisque au sein de chaque composante les diverses ressources biologiques terrestres et marines sont insuffisantes pour assurer une autosuffisance en termes de produits de premières nécessités et d'énergie. Le développement des Petites Antilles s'il doit être durable et prendre comme ossature les directives de Rio (Brésil, 1992) et de Johannesburg (Afrique du Sud, 2002), il devra s'inscrire dans une gestion administrative, scientifique, technique et agricole commune dans le cadre d'une Caraïbe fonctionnellement unifiée. A l'unité floristique, faunistique et biocénotique doivent correspondre des stratégies et donc des politiques, similaires mais diversifiées, d'utilisation des ressources abiotiques (énergie éolienne, hydroélectrique et photovoltaïque) et biotiques (écosystèmes terrestres et marins, flore, faune, sols). Malheureusement dans le présent, la compartimentation économique et politique de la Caraïbe rend ces propos profondément utopiques. Néanmoins dans le futur la survie des peuples des Petites Antilles, impliquera un développement durable signifié par des rapports équilibrés entre hommes et milieux.
–––––
In the nowadays context of "globalization", climatic variation and great anthropization of the biosphere, the Lesser Antilles appear as a marginal world. In a political point of view, those islands offer a greatly distinct and fractured image. The same fact can also be observed in an economic, linguistic and, in a certain measure, cultural perspective. Despite of such a statement, those territories of the Caribbean basin keep economic and landscape resources whom survival depends on the re-establishment of the great ecologic structures implying a productive articulation between the natural, the urban and the agricultural. It seems pertinent to imagine a development on the level of the archipelago based upon complementarity since each constituent presents a limited number of earth and marine biologic reserves which do not guarantee an autosubsistance in energy and first nessecity productivity. A lasting development of the Lesser Antilles supposes a necessary and commun administrative, scientific, technical and agricultural management within the setting of a Caribbean functionally unified. Facing the biocenotic unity, a useful strategy, based on a similar and diversified organization in the exploitation of biophisic resources, must be erected. Such statements could be considered as utopic, regarding the situation of politic and economic division in the Caribbean nowadays. However, in the future, the survival of those insular societies will imply a lasting development lying upon an efficient relationship between Man and environment.
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00003054

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
halshs-00003054
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00003054
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00003054/document
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00003054/file/Devpt-durable_JOSEPH-PHILIPPE.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
High-mass-resolution imaging mass spectrometry promises to localize hundreds of metabolites in tissues, cell cultures, and agar plates with cellular resolution, but it is hampered by the lack of bioinformatics tools for automated metabolite identification. We report pySM, a framework for false discovery rate (FDR)-controlled metabolite annotation at the level of the molecular sum formula, for high-mass-resolution imaging mass spectrometry (https://github.com/alexandrovteam/pySM). We introduce a metabolite-signal match score and a target-decoy FDR estimate for spatial metabolomics. © 2017 Nature America, Inc., part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved.
Nature Methods

hal-01467553
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01467553
DOI : 10.1038/nmeth.4072
PUBMED : 27842059

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : The Okinawa Trough is a natural laboratory for the study of later Quaternary land-ocean interaction and paleoenvironmental changes. In this study we reconstruct the evolution of clay mineral assemblages in Core DGKS9604 retrieved from the central Okinawa Trough. Illite dominates the clay mineral compositions, with average contents above 60%. Clay mineral evolution since 28 ka is closely related to changes in sediment provenance and paleoenvironment. Sea level rise and the strength of the Kuroshio Current control the dispersal and deposition of clays on the East China Sea shelf and in the Okinawa Trough, and thus, determine the clay mineral compositions in the core sediments. During the late last glacial period (28.0-14.0 ka), the paleo-Changjiang River mouth was situated at the shelf edge close to the central Okinawa Trough and thus, together with the outer shelf, supplied large volumes of terrigenous sediments directly into the trough. From 14.0 to 8.4 ka influence from the Changjiang decreased while the mid-outer shelf of the East China Sea became the dominant sediment source to the central Okinawa Trough as sea level rose and the Changjiang river mouth migrated west. Strong sediment reworking and erosion at the shelf edge at 15-13 ka significantly increased the lateral transport of fine-grained shelf sediments to the central Okinawa Trough. Since ca. 8.4 ka clays from Taiwan have dominated the sediment flux to the site, coinciding with the re-entry of the Kuroshio Current into the trough. The increasing influence of the Changjiang-sourced sediments since 1.5 ka was probably related to the weakening of the Kuroshio Current and/or a higher river flux. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (0031-0182) (Elsevier), 2010-03 , Vol. 288 , N. 1-4 , P. 108-117

Droits : 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00002/11367/7977.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.01.040
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00002/11367/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : In the context of an ongoing monitoring study on the impacts of gold-mining activities on critical ecosystem processes, we explored the use of soil Denitrifying Enzyme Activity (DEA) and Substrate Induced Respiration (SIR) as ecosystem indicators in tropical rainforests of French Guiana. We also propose DEA/SIR ratio as ecosystem attribute able to describe the state of an ecosystem and to reflect changes in ecological processes. With this purpose, we measured SIR, DEA and DEA/SIR ratio in five gold-mining areas and five surrounding natural reference rainforests. We also measured indicators in two conditions of spontaneous regeneration of vegetation (stratified or not) and two conditions of soil rehabilitation (prior preparation of soils or not). We showed a high variability of DEA, SIR and DEA/SIR ratio in the natural reference forests. This pointed out the necessity to identify relevant reference systems - i.e. proving a close match in all relevant ecological dimensions - to compare with closed perturbed systems in order to assess the levels of alterations after disturbances. Results showed a high impact of gold mine on microbial processes with a strong decrease of DEA (10-fold lower), SIR (2-fold lower) and DEA/SIR ratio (8-fold lower) in perturbed areas in comparison with natural reference forests. The type of spontaneous vegetation (stratified or not) influenced the values of indicators as well as prior rehabilitation of soils, demonstrating the capacity of DEA. SIR and DEA/SIR ratio to respond in proportion to the perturbation (robustness) and to the different levels of restoration (sensitivity). The systematic decrease of the ratio DEA/SIR observed in the studied perturbed situations demonstrates clearly that the structure of microbial communities has been also modified. The ratio DEA/SIR proved to be robust and sensitive, and able to describe in fairly fine way changes of soil microbial communities in terms of structure and function in gold mine areas and during processes of restoration. We propose to use DEA, SIR and DEA/SIR ratio as bioindicators of both structural and functional aspects of C and N cycling in soils. Together with others bioindicators based on key supporting functions in soils, these indicators should accurately evaluate the ecological potential of natural ecosystems and the levels of degradation in case of land-use changes. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN: 1470-160X

hal-01190730
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01190730
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.01.021
PRODINRA : 213639

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : Recent evolutionary studies clearly indicate that evolution is mainly driven by changes in the complex mechanisms of gene regulation and not solely by polymorphism in protein-encoding genes themselves. After a short description of the cis-regulatory mechanism, we intend in this review to argue that by applying newly available technologies and by merging research areas such as evolutionary and developmental biology, population genetics, ecology and molecular cell biology it is now possible to study evolution in an integrative way. We contend that, by analysing the effects of promoter sequence variation on phenotypic diversity in natural populations, we will soon be able to break the barrier between the study of extant genetic variability and the study of major developmental changes. This will lead to an integrative view of evolution at different scales. Because of their sessile nature and their continuous development, plants must permanently regulate their gene expression to react to their environment, and can, therefore, be considered as a remarkable model for these types of studies. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN: 0168-9452

hal-01032399
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032399
DOI : 10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.09.009

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Science Bv
Résumé : Sustainable management of natural resources, and in particular fisheries, must take into account several conflicting objectives. This is the case in the French Guiana shrimp fishery for which profitability objectives imply a reduction in the fishing activity. On the one hand, this fishery has negative externalities on marine biodiversity due to discards. On the other hand, this fishery has positive externalities on the economy of the local community and interestingly enough on a protected seabird species in the area (the Frigatebird that feeds on discards). In this paper, we examine the viability of that system considering two sustainability objectives: an economic objective in terms of the profitability of the fishing activity, and a conservation objective in terms of the Frigatebird population. For that purpose, we have developed a dynamic model of that bioeconomic system and study here the trade-offs between the two conflicting objectives. It provides a means to quantify the necessary give and takes involving the economic and ecological objectives that would ensure a viable management solution. Our study confirms the relevance of the viability approach to address natural resource management issues, which should lead to the development of new tools for the arbitration of conflicting sustainability, objectives. In particular, such tools could be used as a quantitative basis for cost-benefit analysis taking into account environmental externalities. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Ecological Economics (0921-8009) (Elsevier Science Bv), 2009-10 , Vol. 68 , N. 12 , P. 2960-2968

Droits : 2009 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00020/13135/10195.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.06.012
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00020/13135/

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Depuis le passage du cyclone Hugo en 1989, la Guadeloupe est plus ou moins préparée à affronter un nouvel évènement cyclonique (alerte météo, abris anti-cycloniques, etc.). En revanche, pour ce qui concerne les tsunamis, ce n’est que depuis quelques années (après le tsunami de 2004 dans l’océan indien, le séisme de Haïti de 2010 et le tsunami du Japon de 2011) qu’une prise de conscience du risque encouru dans la Caraïbe et plus particulièrement dans l’archipel guadeloupéen s’est faite. Des projets d’évaluation de ces risques ont alors vu le jour et c’est dans le cadre de l’un d’eux (projet INTERREG IV TSUNAHOULE) que l’étude de l’aléa submersion marine pour la réserve naturelle de Petite-Terre a été réalisée. Au travers de 3 scénarios extrêmes choisis en accord avec les connaissances météorologiques et géologiques de la région, les impacts modélisés d’un tsunami, d’une houle de nord longue période et d’un cyclone de catégorie 4-5 sont présentés et discutés distinctement après avoir dressé un bilan des différents enjeux de la réserve, ce qui mène à une réflexion sur la vulnérabilité des occupants de la réserve face à ces aléas naturels.
Since the tropical hurricane Hugo devastated Guadeloupe Archipelago in 1989, the island is more or less prepared to face another cyclonic event (alerts, shelters, etc.). On the other hand, tsunamis have only become a great concern in the Caribbean and more particularly in Guadeloupe for a couple of years (after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, the 2010 Haiti earthquake and the 2011 Japan tsunami). Thus research projects have been led to try to assess marine submersion hazards as the INTERREG IV TSUNAHOULE project in which this study of the natural sanctuary of Petite-Terre has been done. Through 3 extreme scenarios chosen in agreement with meteorological and geological knowledge in the region, the modeled impact of a tsunami, a long period north swell, and a 4-5 category hurricane are presented and discussed separately after having detailed the different stakes of the sanctuary, which leads to start on thought about the vulnerability of its inhabitants, temporary or not, in front of those natural hazards.
Guadeloupe
Petite-Terre

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.6643
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/6643

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : Phosphorus forms with respect to sediment characteristics, such as grain-size, and major chemical elements, were studied in French coastal marine areas (the Bay of Seine and the Loire and Gironde Estuaries).In the three areas, Fe/Al-bound phosphate (Fe/Al-P) and exchangeable phosphate (exch-P) were significantly related to the proportion of fine fraction (< 63 mum). The special association of these forms with fine particles, as well as the relationships between exch-P, Fe/Al-P and Fe showed that adsorption processes on Fe oxides had taken place. However, for similar Fe concentrations, Bay of Seine sediments showed Fe/Al-P concentrations which were four to five times higher than those found in the Loire and Gironde Estuaries. This was attributed to differences in sediment nature and processes in these two types of areas. Indeed, the Loire and Gironde Estuaries frequently show hypoxia.Calcium-bound phosphate (Ca-P) was found in all grain size classes with comparable concentrations in the Bay of Seine where there was no correlation between Ca-P and Ca. This corresponded to the calcium's marine origin (shells) in the Bay of Seine. In contrast, the correlation of Ca-P with Ca and the fine fraction of the sediment in the Loire and Gironde Estuaries was characteristic of the predominant metamorphic origin of Ca-P in these areas.Useful information for interpretation of P-forms can be obtained from major sediment characteristics. Thus, for areas where specific relationships have previously been established good estimates of P-forms could be predicted from sediment properties.
Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (0272-7714) (Elsevier), 2001-05 , Vol. 52 , N. 5 , P. 617-629

Droits : 2001 Academic Press. All rights reserved
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2001/publication-469.pdf
DOI:10.1006/ecss.2001.0766
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/469/