Grammaires factorisées pour des dialectes apparentés Auteur(s) : Vaillant, Pascal Résumé : Pour la formalisation du lexique et de la grammaire de dialectes étroitement apparentés, il peut se révéler utile de factoriser une partie du travail de modélisation. Les soussystèmes linguistiques isomorphes dans les différents dialectes peuvent alors faire l’objet d’une description commune, les différences étant spécifiées par ailleurs. Cette démarche aboutit à un modèle de grammaire à couches : le noyau est commun à la famille de dialectes, et une couche superficielle détermine les caractéristiques de chacun. Nous appliquons ce procédé à la famille des langues créoles à base lexicale française de l’aire américano-caraïbe. The task of writing formal lexicons and grammars for closely related dialects can benefit from factoring part of the modelling. Isomorphic linguistic subsystems from the different dialectsmay have a common description, while the differences are specified aside. This process leads to a layered grammar model: a kernel common to the whole family of dialects, and a superficial skin specifying the particular properties of each one of them. We apply this principle to the family of French-lexifier creole languages of the American-Caribbean area. Droits : Ce document est protégé par le droit d'auteur. Il ne peut en aucun cas être utilisé sans l'autorisation de l'auteur et des ayant droits recherch:HASH0177c3f56b04eebb1ecda993 | Partager |
Haiti: Public Health and Structural Change Auteur(s) : Ivers, Louise Éditeur(s) : Center for the Humanities and the Public Sphere, University of Florida Center for the Humanities and the Public Sphere, University of Florida ( Gainesville, FL ) Résumé : (Biographical) Dr. Louise Ivers is Chief of Mission for Partners In Health (PIH) in Haiti, an international non-profit organization that provides direct health care and social services to poor communities around the world, supported by research and advocacy. She is an Assistant Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School and an Associate Physician in the Division of Global Health Equity at Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH). She completed her residency in Internal Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and a fellowship in Infectious Diseases at the combined MGH/BWH program. Dr. Ivers also received a diploma in Tropical Medicine and Hygiene from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and a Master of Public Health from the Harvard School of Public Health. Dr. Ivers implements health programs, and is interested in improving the delivery of healthcare in resource poor settings, the provision of care to the rural and urban poor, as well as patient-oriented investigation that offers solutions to barriers to healthcare. She balances her time between management of PIH Haiti, direct clinical service, and operational research. Dr. Ivers has contributed to published articles on HIV/AIDS, food insecurity, and the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Current projects include investigating the impact of targeted food assistance to people with HIV infection in rural Haiti, the effectiveness of ARV therapies on viral suppression in community-based programs, and humanitarian assistance in response to the January 2010 earthquake. Dr. Ivers has served as a Technical Advisor to the WHO and also mentors Haitian and American physicians. (Funding) Sponsored by the Caleb and Michele Grimes Fund in the CLAS Dean's Office and organized by the Center for the Humanities and the Public Sphere. Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution. | Partager Voir aussi |
Common forest resource management Auteur(s) : Messerschmidt, Donald A ( Donald Alan ), 1940- Mol, P. W Wiersum, K. F Shepherd, Gill Rodriguez, Silvia Forests, Trees and People (Program) Éditeur(s) : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ( Rome ) Résumé : (Statement of Responsibility) general editor and introduction, Donald A. Messerschmidt ; with Asian regional authors, P.W. Mol and K.F. Wiersum ; African regional author, Gill Shepherd with the assistance of J. Watt, A. Ifeka and D. Blais ; and Latin American regional authors, Silvia Rodriguez ... et al.. "Forests, Trees and People"--Cover. Includes indexes. Developing countries Developing countries 28664667 | Partager |
The Caribbean Community Auteur(s) : Williams, Eric Eustace Résumé : Excerpts from speech /by Eric Williams during debate on the 1973 budget, 9 January, 1973. Corp. Name: Caribbean Community Subject-Geo. Trm: Caribbean Area Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution. 28161338 08289100 | Partager Voir aussi |
Clinica de Salud Mental de la Comunidad Auteur(s) : Kesse, Erich J., 1959- North America -- Puerto Rico -- Puerto Rico -- San Juan -- San Juan -- Calle Tetuán Caribbean Droits : 2007, Erich Kesse - CC: at-nc-sa (Creative Commons license requiring attribution, prohibiting commercial uses, and requiring rights-share for use of this image.) | Partager |
Field Practicum Report Comparative Tree Planting Strategies: Impact and Application in Haiti Auteur(s) : Goertz, Hans Éditeur(s) : University of Florida University of Florida ( Gainesville, FL ) Résumé : Sustainable Development Practice (MDP) Program final field practicum report The MDP Program is administered jointly by the Center for Latin American Studies and the Center for African Studies. Droits : Copyright Hans Goertz. Permission granted to the University of Florida to digitize, archive and distribute this item for non-profit research and educational purposes. Any reuse of this item in excess of fair use or other copyright exemptions requires permission of the copyright holder. http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00023803/00001 | Partager |
Potential Effect of Freshwater Virus on the Structure and Activity of Bacterial Communities in the Marennes-Oléron Bay (France) Auteur(s) : Auguet, Jean-christophe Montanie, Helene Hartmann, Hans Lebaron, P. Casamayor, E. O. Catala, P. Delmas, Daniel Éditeur(s) : Springer Résumé : Batch culture experiments using viral enrichment were conducted to test the response of a coastal bacterial community to autochthonous (i.e., co-existing) or allochthonous riverine viruses. The effects of viral infections on bacterial dynamics and activity were assessed by epifluorescence microscopy and thymidine incorporation, respectively, whereas the effect of viral infection on bacterial community composition was examined by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism 16S ribosomal RNA fingerprinting. The percentages of high nucleic acid-containing cells, evaluated by flow cytometry, were significantly correlated (r (2) = 0.91, n = 12, p < 0.0001) to bacterial production, making this value a good predictor of active cell dynamics along the study. While confinement and temperature were the two principal experimental factors affecting bacterial community composition and dynamics, respectively, additions of freshwater viruses had significant effects on coastal bacterial communities. Thus, foreign viruses significantly reduced net bacterial population increase as compared to the enrichment treated with inactivated virus. Moreover, freshwater viruses recurrently and specifically affected bacterial community composition, as compared to addition of autochthonous viruses. In most cases, the combined treatment viruses and freshwater dissolved organic matter helped to maintain or even enhance species richness in coastal bacterial communities in agreement to the 'killing the winner' hypothesis. Thus, riverine virus input could potentially influence bacterial community composition of the coastal bay albeit with modest modification of bulk bacterial growth. Microbial Ecology (0095-3628) (Springer), 2009-02 , Vol. 57 , N. 2 , P. 295-306 Droits : 2009 Springer http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/publication-6636.pdf DOI:10.1007/s00248-008-9428-1 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6636/ | Partager |
Atelier 6 : Les communes dans la nouvelle architecture institutionnelle : enjeux et moyens financiers ? Auteur(s) : Baybaud, Emile Année de publication : Loading the player... Éditeur(s) : CEREGMIA : Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche en Economie, Gestion et Modélisation Informatique Appliquée Université des Antilles et de la Guyane Extrait de : "Fiscalité et réforme territoriale" : états généraux des finances locales de la Martinique, les 9 et 10 février 2012. Université des Antilles et de la Guyane Description : Conclusion du sixième atelier concernant les communes dans la nouvelle architecture institutionnelle à travers : les questions sur la réforme territoriale et l'évolution institutionnelle outre-mer : quels impacts sur les communes de Martinique ?, et les solutions d'optimisation des moyens financiers des communes. Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21 Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V12192 V12192 | Partager |
Collection book, 1975, Puerto Rico - Jamaica Auteur(s) : Judd, Walter S. Résumé : (Funding) This collection includes items related to Florida’s environments, ecosystems, and species. It includes the subcollections of Florida Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit project documents, the Sea Grant technical series, the Florida Geological Survey series, the Coastal Engineering Department series, the Howard T. Odum Center for Wetland technical reports, and other entities devoted to the study and preservation of Florida's natural resources. North America -- United States of America -- Florida Florida Florida Droits : Copyright Walter S. Judd. Permission granted to University of Florida to digitize and display this item for non-profit research and educational purposes. Any reuse of this item in excess of fair use or other copyright exemptions requires permission of the copyright holder. http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00073894/00001 | Partager |
Man and socialism in Cuba Auteur(s) : Guevara, Ernesto, 1928-1967 Éditeur(s) : s.n. s.n. ( S.l ) Résumé : (Statement of Responsibility) Ernesto "Che" Guevara. Cover title. "A letter to Carlos Quijano, editor of Montevideo weekly Marcha"--T.p. verso. Cuba Cuba 14267650 | Partager |
Grammaires factorisées pour des dialectes apparentés Auteur(s) : Vaillant, Pascal Résumé : Pour la formalisation du lexique et de la grammaire de dialectes étroitement apparentés, il peut se révéler utile de factoriser une partie du travail de modélisation. Les soussystèmes linguistiques isomorphes dans les différents dialectes peuvent alors faire l’objet d’une description commune, les différences étant spécifiées par ailleurs. Cette démarche aboutit à un modèle de grammaire à couches : le noyau est commun à la famille de dialectes, et une couche superficielle détermine les caractéristiques de chacun. Nous appliquons ce procédé à la famille des langues créoles à base lexicale française de l’aire américano-caraïbe. The task of writing formal lexicons and grammars for closely related dialects can benefit from factoring part of the modelling. Isomorphic linguistic subsystems from the different dialectsmay have a common description, while the differences are specified aside. This process leads to a layered grammar model: a kernel common to the whole family of dialects, and a superficial skin specifying the particular properties of each one of them. We apply this principle to the family of French-lexifier creole languages of the American-Caribbean area. Droits : Ce document est protégé par le droit d'auteur. Il ne peut en aucun cas être utilisé sans l'autorisation de l'auteur et des ayant droits recherch:HASH0177c3f56b04eebb1ecda993 | Partager |
Effects of depth and ultraviolet radiation on coral reef turf algae Auteur(s) : Fricke, Anna Teichberg, Mirta Nugues, Maggy M. Beilfuss, Svenja Bischof, Kai Auteurs secondaires : Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT) Ecosystèmes Côtiers Marins et Réponses aux Stress (ECOMERS) ; Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (UNS) ; Université Côte d'Azur (UCA) - Université Côte d'Azur (UCA) Department of Marine Botany ; University of Bremen Caribbean Research and Management of Biodiversity Foundation (CARMABI) Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE) ; Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD) - École pratique des hautes études (EPHE) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) - Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS) - École pratique des hautes études (EPHE) - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) - Université de la Réunion (UR) - Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF) - Université de Nouvelle Calédonie - Institut d'écologie et environnement Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Résumé : International audience Despite the increasing dominance of turf algae in coral reefs, few studies have investigated their physiological and ecological responses to changes in abiotic factors. We tested the effects of depth and ultraviolet radiation on turf algae at different levels of successional stages using two experiments. Depth-related differences were found for all turf algal communities, characterized by a higher amount of the cyanobacteria taxon Dichothrix and the red filamentous genera Poly-/Herposiphonia in the shallow and the appearance of oscillating cyanobacteria in deeper waters. In the first experiment, cross-depth transplantation of 153 days old communities influenced percentage cover, biomass and taxa composition. Downward transplantation lowered overall biomass and abundance of the foraminifera Sorites, whereas the crustose green alga Pringsheimiella and filamentous cyanobacteria colonized the communities. A nearly reverse pattern was observed in upward transplanted communities. Overall we distinguished between sensitive taxa, like Oscillatoria, and taxa able to acclimate to alterations in their environment, like Pringsheimiella, Poly/Herposiphonia and Dichothrix. In the second experiment, algae grown for 285 days at 5 m were exposed together with a set of sterile settlement tiles to three UVR regimes at 2 m for 22 days. UVR had no effect on turf algal communities regardless of successional stage. This study highlights the presence of high light and UV tolerant species. The high UV tolerance of turf communities may confer a competitive advantage over other more sensitive coral reef biota, such as corals. This study demonstrates that turf algae are dynamic communities exhibiting species-specific resistance to environmental changes. ISSN: 0022-0981 hal-01333486 https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01333486 DOI : 10.1016/j.jembe.2014.07.017 | Partager |
Etude bactériologique des sédiments abyssaux. Etude de la dynamique des communautés microbiennes et de leurs activités hétérotrophes dans les parcs conchylicoles Auteur(s) : Bianchi, A. Résumé : Bacteriological study of abyssal sediments: During the Demeraby mission of the N/O Jean Charcot in the western Atlantic Ocean, a study of the microflora of the digestive tracts of echinoderms (Holothuroidea of various genera, Asteroidea, Echinoidea) was compared with that of the surrounding sediment. The bacterial concentration observed in the digestive tracts of all the animals studied is higher than that in the surrounding sediments. The largest numbers were always found in the most anterior part of the digestive tracts of the holothurians. In some cases, the increase is considerable (7.10 versus 5.2. 10 cells per millilitre): It indicates a proliferation of bacterial cells in the anterior part of the digestive tract. As the sediment moves through the digestive tract, the bacterial level progressively decreases. In the most posterior part, the concentration is, however, always clearly greater than that in the surrounding sediment. In the case of the holothurian of the genus Deima, analysis according to the Adamsonian principle of comparison shows that the microflora isolated from the various parts of the digestive tract is composed of taxonomic groups showing little resemblance to those isolated from the sediment. In the case of the holothurian of the genus Pseudostichopus, no specialisation of the microflora from digestive tract contents appears with respect to that of the ingested sediment. Examination of metabolic activities suggests a juxtaposition of two types of communities: Free sediment - sediment in transit that complement one other in their enzymatic and nutritional behaviour Indeed, the strains of free sediment seem to be rather suitable for hydrolysing and using carbohydrates, while those of enteric communities prefer the hydrolysis of lipids and proteins and the assimilation of fatty acids, dicarboxylic acids, hydroxylic acids and certain amino acids. Moreover, the enteric microflorae possess a greater nutritional versatility that, linked with its total numbers, has a sizeable catabolic potential. .../... -2- Measurements of heterotrophic activity done by means of 14 C glucose tracers make it possible to show that the metabolic activities of the bacterial communities of superficial abyssal sediments vary according to zones. In the Amazon Cone, a clear glucose mineralization gradient over a distance of a few kilometres can be observed. In the abyssal plain of Demerara heterotrophic activities are slowed in relation to those of the superficial sediments of the Cone of the Amazon, even though the bacterial numbers and the depths are of the same order of magnitude in the two zones. The abundant microflorae associated with the various divisions of digestive tract contents of the Deima abyssal holothurian manifest little metabolic activity as regards the glucose. However, the bacterial communities of Pseudostichopus and Psychropotes manifest very strong heterotrophic activities, increasing from the oesophagus towards the cloaca. Current results are too fragmentary to allow us to observe possible physiological specialisation of enteric bacterial communities enabling the facilitation of digestion processes in the host. Conclusion: In the abyssal environment, characterised by poorly developed bacterial communities, microflorae associated with the digestive tract contents of echinoderms have considerably greater cellular concentrations. By means of their enzymatic equipment, these enteric communities, which complement those of the free microflorae of superficial sediments, can participate in the transformation of organic matter in the abyssal area.
Study of the dynamics of microbial communities and their heterotrophic activities in shellfish farms: From experiments done on the water in the Arcachon basin, trials to quantify and describe the reactivity potential of bacterial communities were performed. Bacterial communities were defined by direct counts, counts after setting them up for cultivation, structure and diversity of these communities, dosage of AMP, ADP, ATP. Two opposite ecological conditions were considered: Autumn conditions (high temperature) and a winter conditions (low temperature). Tubs of sea water of 6 and 60 litres were enriched either with ammonium chloride or a mixture of amino acids, at about 500 uAtg N.L. The experiments lasted 24 hours, with sampling every 3 hours. The autumn community reacted rapidly (6 hours), the response to the enrichment in organic nitrogen being the highest. The structure of the community has unstable immature stages. On the contrary, during the winter experiment, no response could be perceived. This may mean that the latency phase is greater than 24 hours. The structure of this community has mature stages. In conclusion, bacterial communities react in the same way as macroscopic communities. Stable communities are diversified and correspond to mature stages of the ecosystem; the immature stages are unstable and less diversified. This type of experiment has made it possible to bring to light the rapidity of response of bacterial populations, and can be used to define the stability of a bacterial community in a precise biotope.
ETUDE BACTERIOLOGIQUE DES SEDIMENTS ABYSSAUX RESUME Au cours de la mission DEMERABY du n/o Jean CHARCOT en atlantique occidental , une étude de la microflore des tractus digestifs d'Echinodermes (Holothurides de différents genres, Astérides, Echinides) a été comparée à celle du sédiment environnant. La concentration bactérienne observée dans les tractus digestifs de tous les animaux étudiés est supérieure à celle des sédiments environnants. Les effectifs les plus importants sont toujours observés dans la partie la plus antérieure des tractus digestifs des holothuries. Dans certains cas, l'accroissement est considérable (7.10 contre 5,2. 10 cellules/ml) : il indique une prolifération des cellules bactériennes dans la partie antérieure du tractus digestif. Au.cours de la progression du sédiment dans le tractus digestif, la charge bactérienne décroit progressivement. Dans la partie la plus postérieure, la concentration est cependant toujours nettement supérieure à celle du sédiment environnant-. Dans le cas d'une holothurie du genre Deima, l'analyse selon le principe adansonien de comparaison montre que la microflore isolée des différentes parties du tractus digestif est constituée de groupes taxonomiques présentant peu de ressemblance avec ceux isolés du sédiment. Dans le cas d'une holothurie du genre Pseudostichopus il n'apparait pas de spécialisation de la microflore du contenu du tractus digestif par rapport à celle du sédiment ingéré. ¿ ¿ . L'étude des activités métaboliques suggère une juxtaposition de deux types de communautés : sédiment libre-sédiment en transit qui se complètent dans leur comportement enzymatique et nutritionnel. En effet les souches du sédiment libre semblent être plutôt aptes à hydrolyser et à utiliser les glucides, tandis que celles des communautés entériques portent leur préférence sur l'hydrolyse des lipides et protéines et 1'assimilation des acides gras, acides dicarboxyl iques, hydro'xy-acides et certains acides aminés. D'autre part les microflores entériques possèdent une versatilité nutritionnelle plus importante qui, liée à leurs effectifs, offre une potentialité catabolique non négligeable. .../... -2- Les mesures d'activité hétérotrophe effectuées au moyen de traceurs glucose 14 C permettent de montrer que les activités métaboliques des communautés bactériennes des sédiments abyssaux superficiels varient selon les zones. Dans le Cone de l'Amazone on observe un net gradient de minéralisation du glucose sur une distance de quelques kilomètres. Dans la plaine abyssale de Demerara les activités hétérotrophessont ralenties par rapport à celles des sédiments superficiels du Cone de l'Amazone, bien que les effectifs bactériens et les profondeurs soient du même ordre de grandeur dans ces deux zones. Les abondantes microflores associées aux différentes fractions du contenu du tractus digestif de l'holothurie abyssale Deima ne manifestent que peu d'activités métaboliques vis à vis du glucose. Par contre les communautés . bactériennes de Pseudostichopus et P syahropotes manifestent des activités hétérotrophes très fortes, croissant de 1'oesophage vers le cloaque. Les résultats actuels sont trop fragmentaires pour permettre d'observer une éventuelle spécialisation physiologique des communautés bactériennes entëriques permettant de faciliter les processus de digestion chez l'hôte. Conclusion: dans le milieu abyssal, caractérisé par des communautés bactériennes faiblement développées, les microflores associées aux contenus de tractus digestif des Echinodermes présentent des concentrations cellulaires considérablement plus importantes. Par leurs équipements enzymâtiques ces communautés entëriques complémentaires de ceux des microflores libres des sédiments superficiels, peuvent participer à la transformation des matières organiques du domaine abyssal. ETUDE DE LA DYNAMIQUE DES COMMUNAUTES MICROBIENNES ET DE LEURS ACTIVITES HETEROTROPHES DANS LES PARCS CONCHYLICOLES RESUME A partir d'expérimentations effectuées sur l'eau du bassin d'Arcachon, des essais de quantification et qualification du potentiel de réactivité des communautés bactériennes ont été effectuées. Les communautés bactériennes ont été définies par comptage directs, comptages après mise en culture, structure et diversité de ces communautés, dosage des AMP, ADP, ATP. Deux situations écologiques opposées ont étées considérées . Une situation automnale (température élevée) et une situation hivernale (température faible). Des bacs d'eau de mer de 6 et 60 litres ont été enrichis , soit avec du chlorure d'ammonium, soit avec un mélange d'acides aminés, à environ 500 uAtg N.l" . Les expériences ont duré 24 heures, avec des prélèvements toutes les 3 heures. La communauté automnale réagit rapidement (6 heures), la ' réponse à l'enrichissement en azote organique étant la plus importante. La structure de la communauté présente des stades immatures instables. Au contraire, au cours de l'expérimentation hivernale, aucune réponse n'a pu être perçue. Ceci peut signifier que la phase de latence est supérieure à 24 heures. La structure . de cette communauté présente des stades matures. En Conclusion, les communautés bactériennes réagissent de la même façon que les communautés macroscopiques. Les communautés stables sont diversifiées et correspondent à des stades matures de l'écosystème, les stades immatures sont instables et moins diversifiés. Ce type d'expérience a permi de mettre en évidence la rapidité de réponse des populations bactériennes, et peut être utilisé pour définir la stabilité d'une communauté bactérienne dans un biotope précis. Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1981/rapport-1926.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1926/ | Partager |
Quantifying the importance of local niche-based and stochastic processes to tropical tree community assembly Auteur(s) : Shipley, Bill Paine, C. E. Timothy Baraloto, Christopher Auteurs secondaires : Dept Biol ; Sherbrooke University Inst Evolutionary & Environm Studies ; Université de Zürich Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD) - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) - Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - AgroParisTech - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Agence National de la Recherche (ANR) of France; U.S. National Science Foundation [DEB 0743103]; INRA Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Ecological Society of America Résumé : Although niche-based and stochastic processes, including dispersal limitation and demographic stochasticity, can each contribute to community assembly, it is difficult to quantify the relative importance of each process in natural vegetation. Here, we extend Shipley's maxent model (Community Assembly by Trait Selection, CATS) for the prediction of relative abundances to incorporate both trait-based filtering and dispersal limitation from the larger landscape and develop a statistical decomposition of the proportions of the total information content of relative abundances in local communities that are attributable to trait-based filtering, dispersal limitation, and demographic stochasticity. We apply the method to tree communities in a mature, species-rich, tropical forest in French Guiana at 1-, 0.25- and 0.04-ha scales. Trait data consisted of species' means of 17 functional traits measured over both the entire meta-community and separately in each of nine 1-ha plots. Trait means calculated separately for each site always gave better predictions. There was clear evidence of trait-based filtering at all spatial scales. Trait-based filtering was the most important process at the 1-ha scale (34%), whereas demographic stochasticity was the most important at smaller scales (37-53%). Dispersal limitation from the meta-community was less important and approximately constant across scales (similar to 9%), and there was also an unresolved association between site-specific traits and meta-community relative abundances. Our method allows one to quantify the relative importance of local niche-based and meta-community processes and demographic stochasticity during community assembly across spatial and temporal scales. ISSN: 0012-9658 hal-01032424 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032424 | Partager |
Phylogenetic and Functional Diversity of Microbial Communities Associated with Subsurface Sediments of the Sonora Margin, Guaymas Basin Auteur(s) : Vigneron, Adrien Cruaud, Perrine Roussel, Erwan Pignet, Patricia Caprais, Jean-claude Callac, Nolwenn Ciobanu, Maria Cristina Godfroy, Anne Éditeur(s) : Public Library Science Résumé : Subsurface sediments of the Sonora Margin (Guaymas Basin), located in proximity of active cold seep sites were explored. The taxonomic and functional diversity of bacterial and archaeal communities were investigated from 1 to 10 meters below the seafloor. Microbial community structure and abundance and distribution of dominant populations were assessed using complementary molecular approaches (Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis, 16S rRNA libraries and quantitative PCR with an extensive primers set) and correlated to comprehensive geochemical data. Moreover the metabolic potentials and functional traits of the microbial community were also identified using the GeoChip functional gene microarray and metabolic rates. The active microbial community structure in the Sonora Margin sediments was related to deep subsurface ecosystems (Marine Benthic Groups B and D, Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotal Group, Chloroflexi and Candidate divisions) and remained relatively similar throughout the sediment section, despite defined biogeochemical gradients. However, relative abundances of bacterial and archaeal dominant lineages were significantly correlated with organic carbon quantity and origin. Consistently, metabolic pathways for the degradation and assimilation of this organic carbon as well as genetic potentials for the transformation of detrital organic matters, hydrocarbons and recalcitrant substrates were detected, suggesting that chemoorganotrophic microorganisms may dominate the microbial community of the Sonora Margin subsurface sediments. Plos One (1932-6203) (Public Library Science), 2014-08 , Vol. 9 , N. 8 , P. e104427 Droits : This is an open-access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication. http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00203/31408/29801.pdf DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0104427 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00203/31408/ | Partager |
Loi portant amendement au Code d'instruction criminelle Auteur(s) : Haiti Haiti -- President (1818-1843 : Boyer) Haiti -- Chambre des représentans des communes Éditeur(s) : de l'Imprimerie du gouvernement de l'Imprimerie du gouvernement ( Port-au-Prince ) Résumé : Title from PDF caption (LLMC Digital, viewed on July 13, 2011) At head of title: République d'Hayti. "Le Président d'Haïti a proposé et la Chambre des représentans des communes ... a adopté la loi suivante ...": p. [1]. Haiti Haïti Haiti 741123256 ocn741123256 http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00021615/00001 | Partager |
Residential gated community in Trinidad ; The Bryant Slides Collection ; The Bryant Slides Collection, Cuba Auteur(s) : Unknown ( Photographer ) Résumé : The slides were taken on collecting trips sponsored by the William L. Bryant Foundation, where books, music and art indigenous to the regions were gathered. The are organized by geographical location. Typical of the upper class homes in the area, most of which had gated communities. Cuba -- Caribbean region -- Havana Droits : All rights to images are held by the respective holding institution. This image is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. For permission to reproduce images and/or for copyright information contact Special Collections & University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, FL 32816 phone (407) 823-2576, email: speccoll@mail.ucf.edu CFM1972_01a Sheet 24: 15 http://ufdc.ufl.edu/CA01200374/00001 | Partager |
La juventud y el comunismo Auteur(s) : Guatemala -- Secretaría de Educación Pública Éditeur(s) : [s.n.] [s.n.] ( Guatemala ) Résumé : At head of title: Sección de Divulgación del Ministerio de Educación Pública. Guatemala Guatemala Guatemala Guatemala 08582795 57047740 | Partager |
Brick wrapped with protest slogans Auteur(s) : Trainor, Charles Résumé : (Biographical) Poder Cubano (Cuban Power) was an anti-Communist terrorist organization, composed of Cuban immigrants and established in December 1967. Within two years, the group detonated over a hundred bombs in more than 30 countries. Beginning in 1968, Orlando Bosch was associated with the Miami cell. Miami, Florida Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution. 1989-011-4431 http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00015830/00001 | Partager |