Éditeur(s) : Elzeviers
Extrait de : Historia naturalis Brasiliae (p. 92)
Résumé : Erva de rato. Poison, contre-poison : la racine
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 17
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/images/BBX17010-0108i1
BBX17010-0108i1

Résumé : Vignette représentant des indiens au cours d'une cérémonie de fabrication de poison dans la forêt amazonienne
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Université des Antilles et de la Guyane. Service commun de la documentation
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/images/HASH016f7a0b9ad77ee646a1644e
HASH016f7a0b9ad77ee646a1644e

Éditeur(s) : Elzeviers
Extrait de : Historia naturalis Brasiliae (p. 92)
Résumé : Poison, contre-poison : la racine
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 17
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/images/BBX17010-0108i3
BBX17010-0108i3

Éditeur(s) : Elzeviers
Extrait de : Historia naturalis Brasiliae (p. 92)
Résumé : Poison, contre-poison : la racine
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 17
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/images/BBX17010-0108i2
BBX17010-0108i2

Éditeur(s) : Lyon : Jean Pillehotte
Extrait de : Histoire des drogues espiceries, et de certains medicamens simples, qui naissent és Indes tant orientales, que occidentales, divisée en deux parties (p. 457)
Résumé : Mangas sauvages ou bravas = poison
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 17
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/images/BBX17002-0483i1
BBX17002-0483i1

Éditeur(s) : ISTPM
Résumé : The problems caused by venomous fish in the waters of the Lesser Antilles were studied in two notes published by the state-run Technical Assistance and Social Credit Company (SATEC) and in older works by Poey (1866), Arcisz (1950) and Randal (1958). The first SATEC note gives the brief description and classification of venomous coastal fishes of St. Barthelemy; the other SATEC note explores the hypotheses on the origin of venomousity of tropical fish based on a vast literature review (Morice, 1961, 1962). It also gives in the appendix a complete list of "fearful" species (this is how venoumous fish are designated in the local language and the "ciguatera" is called a "hurt fish") in St. Barthelemy waters and reports the cases of poisoning studied on the island since September 1960.In October 1963, we carried out a short expedition to St. Martin, during which we established equivalences between local names used by the inhabitants of St. Barthelemy and St. Martin to designate dangerous species. Moreover, thanks to kind help by a doctor at the Marigot hospital, we were able to note details on the symptoms from a series of serious poisonings that occurred at Marigot and surrounding areas in July-August 1963. The species incriminated by the victims of this poisoning had been caught in the south-west of the "Ile des Chiens" situated in the north-west of St. Martin and were all part of the list previously established for St. Barthelemy.
Les problèmes posés par la vénénosité de certains poissons des eaux des Petites Antilles ont fait l'objet, en de:hors de travaux anciens de POEY, 1866 à ARCISZ, 1950 et RANDALL, 1958) de deux notes ronéotypées par les services de la S.A.T.E.C. L'une concerne la description rapide et la classification des poissons côtiers vénéneux de l'île de St-Barthélémy; l'autre étudie les théories émises à propos de l'origine de la vénénosité des poissons tropicaux, ceci après compilation de la vaste littérature parue à ce sujet (MORICE, 1961 : 1962) ; elle donne également en annexe la liste complétée des espèces « redouteuses » des eaux de St-Barthélémy avec notification des cas d'empoisonnement étudiés dans l'île depuis septembre 1960 (c'est en effet par ce qualificatif que les poissons vénéneux sent désignés dans le patois de St-Barthélémy, et la « ciguatera)) est appelée « mal poisson ))). En octobre 1963, nous avons effectué une courte mission d'étude à St-Martin, séjour au cours duquel nous avons pu établir l'équivalence des noms vernaculaires utilisés par les habitants de St-Barthélémy et de St-Martin pour désigner les espèces dangereuses; de plus, grâce au concours aimable du médecin de l'hôpital de Marigot, nous avons pu noter les détails symptomatologiques d'une série d'intoxications graves survenues à Marigot et clans ses environs en juillet-août 1963. Les espèces incriminées par les victimes de cette intoxication avaient été capturées dans le sud-ouest de l'îlot des Chiens, dans le nord-ouest de St-Martin et faisaient toutes partie de la liste établie précédemment pour St-Barthélémy. (OCR non contrôlé)
Revue des Travaux de l'Institut des Pêches Maritimes (0035-2276) (ISTPM), 1965-09 , Vol. 28 , N. 3 , P. 231-236

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1965/publication-4040.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4040/

Éditeur(s) : Adac-cryptogamie
Résumé : Very few attempts have been made in order to investigate the role of nutrients on cellular growth and toxin production in dinoflagellates associated with DSP (Diarrhetic Shellfish Poison). Some preliminary results are presented here, aiming at a better knowledge of inorganic nitrogen and organic phosphorus effects upon division rate and toxin content of Prorocentrum lima (PL2V spanish strain). Nitrogen have a positive effect on growth rate, up to a threshold value of 880muM.l-1. Above this threshold the rate decreases. There is no effect on toxin content since okadaic acid and DTX1 cell contents remain low (4.8 +/- 0.5 pg.cell.-1) and steady. Phosphorus effect upon division rate follows a non-linear relationship, whereas cellular toxic content is inversely proportional to growth rate.
Peu d'études ont été réalisées sur l'influence des nutriments sur la croissance et la toxicité de dinoflagellés producteurs de poisons diarrhéiques (Diarrhetic Shellfish Poison = DSP). Des résultats préliminaires sont présentés ici en ce qui concerne l'effef de concentrations croissantes d'azote inorganique et de phosphore organique sur le taux de division et la production toxinique de Prorocentrum lima (souche espagnole PL2V). L'azote a une influence positive sur la croissance de cette microalgue jusqu'à une valeur seuil de 880 μM.l#-1. Au-delà de ce seuil, le taux de division diminue. Par contre, l'effet sur la toxicité n'est pas significatif, les concentrations en acide okadaïque et DTXI restant relativement faibles (4.8 ± 0.5 pg.cell.· l ) et stables. Le phosphore agit intégralement sur le taux de division et il y a une relation inverse entre ce dernier et le contenu toxinique cellulaire.
Cryptogamie Algologie (0181-1568) (Adac-cryptogamie), 1992-08 , Vol. 13 , N. 3 , P. 187-195

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00133/24469/22483.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00133/24469/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Coming from Crimea, the Black Death spread to Western Europe and North Africa during the 1340s. From 1346 to 1352, the plague killed an estimated 25-40% of Europeans of all age-groups [1] , i.e., 30 to 60% of Europe population. One of the earliest and most widely accepted explanations was that God was punishing humanity for their sins. One remedy for the curse was to do penitence. Thus in 1348 there rapidly arose a mass movement of flagellation [2]. In fact flagellation could not really help against such threat. The Black Death or Bubonic plague is caused by Yersinia pestis, a Eubacteria discovered in 1894 by Alexandre Yersin. It is transmitted by the bite of the flea Xenopsylla cheopsis. This flea lives by feeding the blood of many species besides man but its most preferred relationship is with the black rat (Rattus rattus). Fossilized remains of the plague flea have been found in large numbers in Amarna, Egypt [3, 4] about 1350 BC, and thus could be directly linked to the events described in the Book of Samuel [5, 6]. During the epidemic of Bubonic plague in London in 1665-1666, the known treatments were made use of, e.g. the so-famous Theriac or Venice Treacle which is used from the time of ancient Rome as a remedy against poison [7]. Since then, more specialized and novel treatments have been developed. However, since the characterization of Yersinia pestis, numerous drugs have been developed against it, e.g. gentamicin or doxycycline [8]. These researches had been carried out using more elaborated biochemical, biophysical and biological approaches.
Infectious disorders drug targets

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
inserm-00395256
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00395256
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00395256/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00395256/file/editorial.pdf
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00395256/file/inserm-00395256_edited.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD MDPI
Résumé : International audience
The decline in children's Blood Lead Levels (BLL) raises questions about the ability of current lead poisoning screening criteria to identify those children most exposed. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the performance of current screening criteria in identifying children with blood lead levels higher than 50 µg/L in France, and to propose new criteria. Data from a national French survey, conducted among 3831 children aged 6 months to 6 years in 2008-2009 were used. The sensitivity and specificity of the current criteria in predicting blood lead levels higher than or equal to 50 µg/L were evaluated. Two predictive models of BLL above 44 µg/L (for lack of sufficient sample size at 50 µg/L) were built: the first using current criteria, and the second using newly identified risk factors. For each model, performance was studied by calculating the area under the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve. The sensitivity of current criteria for detecting BLL higher than or equal to 50 µg/L was 0.51 (0.26; 0.75) and specificity was 0.66 (0.62; 0.70). The new model included the following criteria: foreign child newly arrived in France, mother born abroad, consumption of tap water in the presence of lead pipes, pre-1949 housing, period of construction of housing unknown, presence of peeling paint, parental smoking at home, occupancy rates for housing and child's address in a cadastral municipality or census block comprising more than 6% of housing that is potentially unfit and built pre-1949. The area under the ROC curve was 0.86 for the new model, versus 0.76 for the current one. The lead poisoning screening criteria should be updated. The risk of industrial, occupational and hobby-related exposure could not be assessed in this study, but should be kept as screening criteria
ISSN: 1660-4601

hal-01239804
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01239804
DOI : 10.3390/ijerph121214989
PUBMED : 26633457

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) is a non-bacterial seafood poisoning well characterized in the remote archipelagos of French Polynesia, yet poorly documented in the Society archipelago, most notably on Moorea, the second most populated island in French Polynesia, which counts a high proportion of fishermen fishing on a regular basis. To address this knowledge gap, a holistic study of the ciguatera issue was conducted on Moorea. First, ciguatera risk was analysed in terms of incidence rate, fish species most commonly involved and risk stratification in Moorea lagoon based on 2007–2013 epidemiological data. A mean incidence rate of 8 cases per 10,000 inhabitants for the study period and an average under-reporting rate of 54% were found. Taking into account hospitalization and medication fees, and loss of productive days, the health-related costs due to CFP were estimated to be USD $1613 and $749 for each reported and unreported case, respectively, with an overall cost of USD $241,847 for the study period. Comparison of the present status of CFP on Moorea with a risk map established in the late 1970’s showed that the spatial distribution of the risk has stayed relatively stable in time, with the north shore of the island remaining the most prone to ciguatera. Evaluation of the current knowledge on CFP among different populations groups, i.e. fishermen, residents and visitors, was also conducted through direct and indirect interviews. About half of the fishermen interviewed were actually able to identify risky fishing areas. While, overall, the CFP risk perception in the fishing community of Moorea seemed accurate, although not scientifically complete, it was sufficient for the safe practice of their fishing activities. This may be due in part to adaptive responses adopted by 36% of the fishermen interviewed, such as the avoidance of either high-risk fishing sites or toxic species. At the residents and visitors’ level, the study points out a striking lack of awareness of the CFP issue among visitors, as compared to local residents. Indeed, less than 25% of Moorea visitors vs. an average of 98% in residents were aware of CFP or of its presence on the island. Interestingly, evaluation of the fish consumption preferences showed that 70% of visitors do not consume lagoon fish during their stay, not for fear of CFP, but mainly due to the lack of availability of these species in recreational facilities or because they have nutritional preference for pelagic fish. This lack of awareness, along with the report by several CFP patients of the consumption of fish species yet banned for sale, stress the need for improved communication efforts on this critical issue among both residents and visitors on Moorea. The implementation of a public outreach strategy is proposed, based on both existing information networks and low-cost communication actions through information displays at various strategic locations, e.g. Tahiti-Faa’a international airport, the ferry boat station, recreational facilities, as well as the major trading points on Moorea Island.
ISSN: 1568-9883

hal-01391648
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01391648
DOI : 10.1016/j.hal.2016.10.003

Éditeur(s) : Gauthier-Villars
Résumé : The tropical alga Caulerpa taxifolia (Vahl) C. Agardh has been displayed over the last fifteen years in tropical aquaria at the Oceanographic Museum, Monaco. Its accidental introduction into the natural environment dates from 1984. It developed first in the sea immediately below the museum, and resisted winter temperatures of 11 to 13-degrees-C. Gradually the population spread over all types of substrate, including rock, sand and mud, and over a wide range of depth, 3 to 35 m, on this relatively exposed site. In summer 1990 we became aware of its presence both to the east and to the west of Monaco. To the east, it now occurs on the whole of the eastern side of Cap Martin (3 km from Monaco) and is spreading over the west face. To the west we have observed it 150 km from Monaco near Toulon. In those sites which it colonized three years ago, its coverage now reaches 100 % over extensive areas in depths between 5 and 25 m. Areas supporting stands of Cymodocea nodosa and Posidonia oceanica are covered by fronds of C. taxifolia, which measure up to 45 cm in length. The development characteristics of the species in the Mediterranean, such as population density and frond length, are different from those in its native tropical areas. The rapid spreading of this alga is probably due both to sexual reproduction and to efficient vegetative reproduction. At the rate of spreading observed at present, further rapid extension of its range is to be feared. Moreover, wherever it becomes established, it considerably modifies the vegetal communities in the infralittoral zone. This species, like most of those in the genus Caulerpa, contains the toxin, caulerpenyn, which may play a role against other organisms such as grazers, epiphytes and competitors. This alga will be eaten only by certain animals such as the Mediterranean bream or saupe, Sarpa salpa. The toxin accumulated by fish which eat Caulerpa can render them unsuitable for human consumption, as their ingestion produces symptoms similar to those of Ciguatera poisoning. Never has a species so potentially harmful to the marine population been introduced into the Mediterranean. This biological pollution raises the major international problem of direct discharge of water having passed through aquaria or mariculture installations containing exotic species. As importing exotic marine species becomes technically easier, the lack of regulation risks further similar accidents concerning not only algae, but also metazoa and micro-organisms.
Oceanologica Acta (0399-1784) (Gauthier-Villars), 1991 , Vol. 14 , N. 4 , P. 415-426

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00101/21268/18879.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00101/21268/

Éditeur(s) : ISTPM
Résumé : In this paper, the authors present a general table of the present extension of ciguatoxism in the Mascarene Islands. A statistically significant relation exists between the variations of poisonous fish proportions and the periods of tropical cyclones in this fishing area. The tests showed that the ciguatera known from Mauritius, Rodriguez, Chagos and Saya-de-Malha Islands, is also present in the Amirantes Islands. The coastal ichtyosarcotoxism of the Reunion was also studied; this phenomenon does not constitute an obstacle to the activity of the artisanal fishery.
Revue des Travaux de l'Institut des Pêches Maritimes (0035-2276) (ISTPM), 1978-12 , Vol. 42 , N. 4 , P. 325-345

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1978/publication-1962.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1962/

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : A new method for the non-specific determination of iron-porphyrin-like complexes in natural waters has been developed. It is based on the chemiluminescent oxidation of the luminol in the presence of dioxygen (O-2) at pH 13. The method has been implemented in a FIA manifold that allowed the direct injection of seawater. The limit of detection is 0.11 nM of equivalent hemin (Fe-protoporphyrin IX). Fe2+, Fe3+, H2O2, siderophore (deferoxamin mesylate), humic acid and phytic acid did not interfere when the), were present at the concentrations expected in seawater. Metal free porphyrin and Mg, Cu, Co porphyrin complexes did not induce a significant chemiluminescent signal. Poisoned unfiltered samples could be stored for several weeks before analyses. The new method was successfully applied to the determination of the Fe-porphyrin complexes contained in cultured phytoplankton and in natural samples.
Analytica Chimica Acta (0003-2670) (Elsevier), 2007-04 , Vol. 588 , N. 2 , P. 237-244

Droits : 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/publication-3298.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.aca.2007.02.007
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/3298/

Éditeur(s) : Université de Bretagne Occidentale
Résumé : The negative impact of the man on the environment unquestionably increases. The coastal environment as a whole is the maritime environment which is the most exposed to man-made eutrophication. For instance, nitrate loads to coastal waters off Brittany (France) have increased 10 times (from 3 to s 30mg L-1NO3) during the four last decades. Eutrophication of this coastal zone is now a recurrent problem, more and more worrying. This eutrophication exhibits two main forms : " green tides ", which are caused by local proliferations and stranding of green macro-algae (particularly the Ulva species) in nitrogen-enriched areas ; phytoplanktonic blooms, which are responsible for coloured water events, toxic species can be present (Pseudo-Nitzschia, Alexandrium, Dinophysis), and induce banning of shellfish consumption. The objectives of this study are to assess the respective role of various rivers (especially the Loire and the Vilaine) in the eutrophication of the Brittany shelf ecosystem and test the impact of nitrogen enrichment in the triggering of Pseudo-Nitzchia toxicity. For these purposes, a coupled hydrodynamical/ biogeochemical 3D model has been developed and validated against past measured time-series and satellite images. After a brief analysis of primary production over the Brittany shelf under different conditions, we show a description of the real time adaptation of this model. Daily results are currently presented in real time on www.previmer.org web site. The inability of the model to correctly simulate near shore phytoplankton is worsened in this model by the fact that the turbidity field used is a climatological one, made by satellite images averaged on a decadal basis. First, near shore pixels of satellite images are scarcely reliable, secondly a climatological mean cannot represent the sudden bursts or drops of the real turbidity, highly dependent on the actual sea-state : this can explain also why the model at this moment fails to reproduce a sudden bloom occurring in a short period of sunny and calm weather. The simulated Pseudo-Nitzschia biomass and induced risk of toxicity in the water column cannot really be validated offshore, because monitoring measurements are available only near the coast, and deal only with toxicity in benthic filter feeders. To get temporarily rid of that problem, an interesting improvement would be to add to the operational model the bio-accumulation of toxin in the shellfishes : simulated concentrations in shellfish fresh would become directly comparable with usual measurements of the monitoring networks. Our model points out the important impact of Loire river loads on the primary production on the western and southern Brittany. This result is crucial for administrations in charge of reducing the terrestrial loadings responsible for eutrophication, because it can delay reduction programs on small tributaries until the main input from the Loire has been significantly reduced. A question arises, about the reliability of the haline stratification in the model, because the horizontal extent of the Loire plume will be enhanced by a stronger stratification.
L'eutrophisation des milieux marins côtiers, de plus en plus importante, représente un des impacts majeurs des activités humaines sur l'environnement. Les phénomènes d'eutrophisation sont en constante augmentation ; ces dernières décennies ont vu le nombre de sites touchés augmenter de par le monde. La bande côtière bretonne est particulièrement concernée par ce phénomène. L'eutrophisation s'y manifeste de deux façons : "Des phénomènes de marée vertes, très localisées, qui sont provoqués par la croissance excessive et l'échouage de macro-algues du genre Ulva dans ces zones riches en azote ; Des blooms de phytoplancton à l'origine des phénomènes d'eaux colorées, qui peuvent aussi provoquer des interdictions de consommation de coquillages lorsque les espèces mises en jeu sont toxiques (Pseudo-Nitzschia, Alexandrium, Dinophysis). L'objectif de ce travail est multiple : il vise à mettre en évidence et à comprendre l'impact et le rôle des apports en nutriments sur la production primaire et l'eutrophisation des milieux côtiers. Ce travail a aussi pour ambition l'identification et la compréhension des causes des phénomènes d'eutrophisation et permettre ainsi d'apporter des solutions ou des pistes d'amélioration. En n, il a aussi un objectif de prévision à court terme de l'état biologique sur la zone. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, un modèle en temps réel a été mis en oeuvre. Les résultats de simulations numériques et de mesures satellitaires sont présentés sur internet : www.previmer.org. L'outil principal de ce travail est un modèle couplé physique/biogéochimie. La partie hydrodynamique est fournie par le code Mars3D (3D hydrodynamical Model for Application at Regional Scale) développé à IFREMER. Au code hydrodynamique Mars3D est couplé le modèle des cycles de l'azote, du phosphore et du silicium d'IFREMER. Le modèle couplé permet de simuler en 3 dimensions et de manière dynamique les courants, le brassage horizontal et vertical, les champs de température et de salinité, mais aussi les principaux cycles de nutriments, reproduisant ainsi les conditions déterminantes de la production primaire. La croissance des algues est modélisée, et nous permet de voir l'influence des panaches de dilution des principales rivières bretonnes sur leur croissance. Les diffcultés du modèle à correctement simuler les concentrations en phytoplancton près des zones côtières, sont probablement dues à l'utilisation d'une climatologie de concentration en matière en suspension fondée sur des données satellitaires. Tout d'abord, les pixels côtiers des images satellitaires sont entachés d'erreurs, ensuite une climatologie n'est pas capable de représenter les apports soudains des fleuves lors des crues. Cela peut expliquer l'incapacité du modèle a représenter certains blooms liés à des périodes ensoleilées et calmes. A ce modèle de base nous avons ajouté un genre spécifique de phytoplancton : le genre Pseudo-Nitzschia. Certaines espèces de Pseudo-Nitzschia sont réputées toxiques. En effet, ce phytoplancton a la capacité de synthétiser une toxine : l'acide domoïque. Cette toxine est responsable du syndrome ASP (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning). Le modèle reproduit globalement les mêmes zones de toxicité que les mesures du REPHY, et donne des résultats encourageants. L'étude montre que la Loire influence une large partie de la bande côtière bretonne ; son panache remonte jusqu'au nord de la mer d'Iroise, et contribue pour une grande part à l'enrichissement du sud et de l'ouest de la Bretagne. Le traçage de l'azote en provenance de la Loire au sein des cycles biogéochimiques nous a permis de quantifier cet enrichissement.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00015/12603/9481.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00015/12603/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: The exposure of children to lead has decreased in recent years, thanks notably to the banning of leaded gasoline. However, lead exposure remains a matter of public health concern, because no toxicity threshold has been observed, cognitive effects having been demonstrated even at low levels. It is therefore important to update exposure assessments. A national study was conducted, in 2008-2009, to determine the blood lead level (BLL) distribution in children between the ages of six months and six years in France. We also assessed the contribution of environmental factors. METHODS: This cross-sectional survey included 3831 children recruited at hospitals. Two-stage probability sampling was carried out, with stratification by hospital and French region. Sociodemographic characteristics were recorded, and blood samples and environmental data were collected by questionnaire. Generalized linear model and quantile regression were used to quantify the association between BLL and environmental risk factors. RESULTS: The geometric mean BLL was 14.9μg/l (95% confidence interval (CI)=[14.5-15.4]) and 0.09% of the children (95% CI=[0.03-0.15]) had BLLs exceeding 100μg/l, 1.5% (95% CI=[0.9-2.1] exceeding 50μg/l. Only slight differences were observed between French regions. Environmental factors significantly associated with BLL were the consumption of tap water in homes with lead service connections, peeling paint or recent renovations in old housing, hand-mouth behavior, passive smoking and having a mother born in a country where lead is often used. CONCLUSIONS: In children between the ages of one and six years in France, lead exposure has decreased over the last 15 years as in the US and other European countries. Nevertheless still 76,000 children have BLL over 50μg/l and prevention policies must be pursued, especially keeping in mind there is no known toxicity threshold.
ISSN: 1438-4639

hal-01009847
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01009847
PUBMED : 24262290
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.10.002

Éditeur(s) : Proceedings of the 59th Annual Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute
Résumé : In most of marine fishes cultured, larvae in their early development are fed with live prey (rotifer and/or artemia). In hatcheries, culture of these preys is labour consuming, needs specific facilities and represent an important part of production cast. On the other hand, world artemia production is subjected to fluctuation of harvest in the wild which could Iimit fish farming industry in the near future. A dried formula adapted to marine fish larvae has been perfected by Ifremer's center of Brest (France) and is distributed by a feeding company since 1999. This artificial microbound diet has been successfully tested on several temperate fishes such as European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) or European seabream (Sparus aurata) in a co-feeding (i.e. artemia and dried diet) strategy. Experiments described here were carried out ta evaluate the performances obtained during total substitution of artemia by this diet in Red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) larval culture. ln 2004 and 2005, four experiments were conducted on feed technology aspects (experimental or industrial manufacturing), weaning strategy (direct or co-feeding) and feed distribution method (prototypes or classical self feeder) in comparison to the standardized method using live preys. At the end of larval phase (day 15) and at day 30, end of nursery phase (0.6 g), survival relative to control (RTC) was respectively 96.9% and 111.0% in the best treatment. Concerning growth, the weight RTC reached at day 15 and day 30 was respectively 82.8% and 72.4%. However, it is important to note that rearing protocols have to be adapted ta the use of these micro pellets in order toprevent degradation of culture quality. These results show that this new product can be applied on industrial scale in private hatcheries. But further research is needed ta evaluate replacement of rotifers by this dried formula in order to completely eliminate live prey in larval culture of Red drum.
Dans la plupart des poisons marins élevés, les larves sont nourries avec des proies vivantes (rotifères et/ou artémia) au début de leur développement. Dans les écloseries, la culture de ces proies est consommatrice de main d'oeuvre, nécessite des installations spécifiques et entre pour une part importante dans le coût de production. Par ailleurs, la production mondiale d'artémia est dépendante de la fluctuation des récoltes dans le milieu naturel, ce qui pourrait gêner la filière piscicole marine dans un futur proche. Une formulation alimentaire inerte adaptée aux larves de poisson marin a été mise au point par le centre Ifremer de Brest (France) et est commercialisée par un provendier depuis 1999. Ces microparticules artificielles ont été testée avec succès sur plusieurs poissons tempérés comme le bar européen (Dicentrarchus labrax), la morue atlantique (Gadus morha) ou la daurade européenne (Sparus aurata) dans un contexte de co-feeding (i.e. artémia et aliment inerte). Les expériences décrites ici ont été menées afin d'évaluer les performances obtenues lors de la substitution totale des artémia par cet aliment dans l'élevage larvaire de l'ombrine (Sciaenops ocellatus). En 2004 et 2005, quatre expériences ont été menées sur l'aspect technologie alimentaire (fabrication expérimentale ou industrielle), la stratégie de sevrage (direct ou co-feeding) et le mode de distribution de l'aliment (distributeur classique ou prototypes) en comparaison au standard sur proies vivantes. En fin de phase larvaire (jour 15) et au jour 30 après une phase de prégrossissement (0.6g), la survie par rapport au témoin (RTC) était respectivement de 96.9% et 111 .1% dans le meilleur traitement. Concernant la croissance, les poids obtenus aux jours 15 et 30 atteignaient respectivement 82.8% et 72.4%. Cependant il est important de relever que les protocoles d'élevage doivent être adaptés à l'utilisation de ces microparticules afin de prévenir une dégradation de la qualité d'élevage. Ces résultats montrent que ce nouveau produit peut être appliqué à l'échelle industrielle dans les écloseries privées. Cependant, les recherches doivent être poursuivies pour évaluer les possibilités de remplacement des rotifères par ces aliments inertes afin de s'affranchir complètement de l'utilisation de proies vivantes dans l'élevage larvaire de l'ombrine.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/acte-6597.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6597/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Despite the dramatic reductions in children's blood lead levels (BLLs), there is considerable evidence that low-level lead exposure is associated with intellectual deficits and behavioral problems, without apparent threshold. There are limited data, however, about the contribution of residential sources of lead to contemporary children's blood lead levels. The aim of this study is to calculate the contributions of residential sources of lead to assess the potential impact of setting new standards for lead levels in residential dust, soil and water. We enrolled 484 French children aged from 6 months to 6 years, and collected data on social, housing and individual characteristics. Lead concentrations in blood and environmental samples (water, soils, and dusts) were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Data were analyzed using a multivariate generalized additive model accounting for the sampling design and the sampling weights. We found that exceedingly low concentrations of lead in dust, soil and water were significant predictors of children's BLLs, after adjustment for potential confounding variables. Lead-contaminated floor dust was the main source of lead in blood. BLLs (GM: 14μg/L) increased by 65%, 13%, 25%, and 5% when lead content in floor dust, loose soil, hard soil and water increased from their 25th percentile to their 95th percentile, respectively. We also observed that the steepest increase in BLLs occurred at the lowest levels of lead-contaminated floor dust, which indicates that lead contamination should be kept as low as possible. Impact of different possible standards on children's BLLs was also tabulated and indicated that unless standards are set low, they will only benefit a small proportion of children who have the highest exposures.
ISSN: 1438-4639

inserm-00821999
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00821999
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.02.007
PUBMED : 23528234