Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles AREBio Groupe de recherche BIOSPHERES : BIOlogie, Sciences Physiques & Humaines pour les énergies Renouvelables, l
Extrait de : 1er colloque international BIOSPHERES, du 18 au 20 juin 2019. Université des Antilles
Description : La biodiversité de la Martinique, bien que faisant partie des points chauds de la diversité mondiale, n'a donné lieu qu'à peu de travaux de recherche. Or, cette richesse naturelle inestimable est vectrice de retombées économiques dans les domaines de l'agro-alimentaire, de l'environnement et de la santé. Ainsi, la valorisation des agro-ressources en lien avec la recherche dans le domaine de la nutrition-santé est une priorité de la stratégie politique du développement régional, orientant en ce sens, certains programmes menés par les organismes de recherche du territoire. L'intervenante a sélectionné comme modèle le goyavier, arbre dont les bienfaits thérapeutiques traditionnels sont reconnus dans toutes ses parties constitutives (feuilles, écorce, racines, fleurs, fruits) (MARCELIN et al., 2015). Dans sa présentation, elle s'intéresse au fruit et décrit l'organisation de la filière qui, depuis près de 30 ans, fait de l'innovation l'un des axes majeurs de son développement et de sa pérennité. Aussi, sous son impulsion, des travaux de recherche fondamentale et appliquée sont réalisés sur l'agronomie, la biochimie et la transformation du fruit.

Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V19073
V19073

Éditeur(s) : Centre Océanologique de Bretagne
Résumé : One of the criteria for selecting a shrimp of commercial interest in French Polynesia is the acceptability of artificial diet; such a criterion has been used to test Penaeus merguiensis.Experiments have been carried out in Centre Océanologique du Pacifique in Tahiti island where the water temperature range is 25-29°C, salinity 35 ppt, pH. 8.2, and photoperiod constant.Juveniles used in this study are hatched in CNEXO-COP at Vairao.It has been found that a 50-55% protein content diet gives a better growth performance. A carbohydrate such as starch appears more suitable than glucose or glucose plus starch in isonitrogenous purified diets.A vitamin mix rich in vitamin C, choline and inositol provides better results and a mineral mix with 3% magnesium reaches optimum. The major nutritional results for this species are applied to formulation of artificial diets.With the best diet, growth performances are normal: from 2.8 g to 9.0 g in 90 days, with about 60% survival rate at alow density, 20 animals/m² under strict control. But at another scale, in 400 m² graw-out tanks, growth was rather low even with an excellent Japanese diet containing 60% protein.Therefore, P. merguiensis does not appear to be a good candidate species for aquafarming in French Polynesia. [NOT CONTROLLED OCR]
Recueil des Travaux du Centre Océanologique de Bretagne (Centre Océanologique de Bretagne), 1979 , P. 705-714

Droits : Centre Océanologique de Bretagne
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1979/publication-5272.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/5272/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
STUDY QUESTION: Do freezing and in vitro culture procedures enhance the expression of proteins involved in apoptotic or autophagic pathways in murine pre-pubertal testicular tissue? SUMMARY ANSWER: IVM strongly modified apoptosis- and autophagy-related relative protein levels in mice testicular tissue whereas the impact of cryopreservation procedures was minimal at the end of the culture. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: In vitro spermatogenesis remains a challenging technical issue as it imposes to find a very close balance between survival and death of germ cell natural precursors (i.e. gonocytes and spermatogonia), which will eventually undergo a complete spermatogenesis close to in vivo conditions. The establishment of efficient culture conditions coupled with suitable cryopreservation procedures (e.g. controlled slow freezing [CSF] and solid surface vitrification [SSV]) of pre-pubertal testicular tissue is a crucial step in the fields of fertility preservation and restoration to improve the spermatic yield obtained in vitro. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: Here, we study cryopreservation procedures (i.e. CSF or SSV) and the impact of culture media compositions. A first set of 66 mouse pre-pubertal testes were directly cultured during 30, 36, 38 and 60 days (D) from 2.5 to 6.5-day-old CD-1 mice to evaluate the impact of time-aspect of culture and to endorse the reverse phase protein microarrays (RPPM) technique as an adapted experimental tool for the field of in vitro spermatogenesis. Ninety others fresh, slow-frozen and vitrified pre-pubertal testes were cultured during 30 days for the principal study to evaluate the impact of cryopreservation procedures before and after culture. Thirty-four testes dissected from 2.5, 6.5, 36.5, 40.5, 42.5 and 62.5 days postpartum (dpp) mice, corresponding to the time frames of spermatogenesis orchestrated in vitro, were used as in vivo controls. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: After in vitro culture, testicular tissue samples originated from 2.5 or 6.5-day-old CD-1 male mice were analyzed using RPPM. This targeted proteomic technique allowed us to assess the expression level of 29 apoptosis- and autophagy-related factors by normalizing blank-corrected signal values. In addition, morphological analyses (e.g. HES, PAS, TRA98 and CREM) and DNA fragmentation in intra-tubular cells (i.e. terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling; TUNEL) were assessed for the distinct experimental conditions tested as well as for in vivo control mouse testes. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: A validation of the RPPM procedure in the field of in vitro spermatogenesis was completed with assay and array robustness before a principal study concerning the evaluation of the impact of in vitro culture and cryopreservation procedures. The proportion of elongated spermatids and the total cell number per seminiferous tubule tended to be very different between the in vivo and in vitro conditions (P < 0.05), suggesting the presence of a beneficial regulation on the first spermatogenesis wave by intrinsic apoptosis (Caspase₉) and autophagy (Atg5) factors (P < 0.0003 and r2 = 0.74). Concerning the impact of culture media compositions, a basic medium (BM) composed of αMEM plus 10% KnockOut™ serum replacement and gentamicin supplemented with retinol (Rol) and vitamin E (Vit. E) was selected as the best culture medium for fresh 6.5 dpp tissue cultured during 30D with 27.7 ± 8.10% of seminiferous tubules containing elongated spermatids. Concerning the impact of cryopreservation procedures, SSV did not have any impact on the morphological parameters evaluated after culture in comparison to fresh tissue (FT) controls. The proportion of tubules with elongated spermatids on testicular explants cultured with BMRol+Vit. E was not different between SSV (6.6 ± 1.6%) and CSF (5.3 ± 1.9%); however, round spermatids were observed more frequently for SSV (19 ± 6.2%) than CSF (3.3 ± 1.9%, P = 0.0317). Even if the proportion of TUNEL-positive cells for BMRol+Vit. E was higher at D30 after SSV (4.12 ± 0.26%) than CSF (1.86 ± 0.12%, P = 0.0022) and FT (2.69 ± 0.33%, P = 0.0108), the DNA damages observed at the end of the culture (i.e. D30) were similar to respective 6.5 dpp controls. In addition, the relative protein level expression ratio of an apoptotic factor, the phosphorylated FADD on Fas, was reduced by 64-fold in vitrified testes cultured with BMRol+Vit. E. Furthermore, we found in this study that the StemPro®-34 SFM culture medium supplemented with growth factors (e.g. EGF, bFGF, GDNF and LIF) prevented the differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells in favor of a significant proliferation with a better architectural pattern than in vivo 6.5 dpp controls with an increase of seminiferous tubules area for FT (P = 0.0357) and CSF (P = 0.0317). LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION: Despite our promising results, the evaluation of apoptotic- and autophagic-related proteins was studied for a limited amount of proteins and on global testicular tissue. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: The data presented herein will help to improve apoptotic and autophagic understanding during the first spermatogenic wave. Moreover, our findings illustrate for the first time that, using finely-tuned experimental conditions, a testicular in vitro culture combined with proteomic technologies may significantly facilitate the study of cryopreservation procedures and in vitro culture evaluations. This study may also contribute to improve work on testicular tissues from pre-pubertal and adolescent cancer survivors. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): This study was supported by a Ph.D. grant from the Rouen Normandie Université and a financial support from 'la Ligue nationale contre le cancer' (both awarded to L.D.), funding from Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Agence de la Biomédecine, and co-supported by European Union and Région Normandie. Europe gets involved in Normandie with European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Molecular Human Reproduction

hal-01647081
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01647081
DOI : 10.1093/molehr/gax054
PUBMED : 29040674

Éditeur(s) : Actes de colloques Ifremer, Tahiti, French Polynesia, 20 Feb - 4 Mar 1989, n°9, chap. 17, pp.171-181
Résumé : Symptoms recalling a nutritional pathology and more precisely a process of lipid peroxydation were observed during the last years in seabass Dicentrarchus labrax and other fishes cultured in tropical marine condition, Ocyurus chrysurus and Lutjanus analis . They included dark coloration, skin ulceration, lethargy, anorexy, emaciation. Histological examinations showed hepatic fatty degenerative lesions, pancreatitis, muscular degeneration and retinal atrophy. Additional vitamins E and C in the food suppressed that pathological symptoms. The previously evoked clinical or histological signs were not achieved in spite of an increase of the level of hepatic, muscular or blood malondialdehyde and of the conjugated dienes of the perivisceral fat. In the same time, hepatic and muscular tocopherol decreased. These experiments also showed the feasibility and the interest of different analyses in the characterization of such a pathology: hemolysis test and activity of enzymes such as erythrocytic catalase or superoxyde dismutase and plasma glutathione peroxydase. Another nutritional disease is worth describing again, the Granulomatous Hypertyrosinaemia. It was essentially investigated in turbot Scophtalmus maximus but other fish species such as sea bream Chrysophris aurata are often affected.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1989/acte-1501.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1501/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
AIM: To assess the effects of iron removal on cytochrome P450 2E1 activity and oxidative stress in dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome. METHODS: Forty-eight patients were randomized to phlebotomy therapy consisting of removal of 300-500 mL of blood every 14 days until serum ferritin levels dropped under 100 microg/L or to follow-up without phlebotomy therapy. Cytochrome P450 2E1 activity was measured at baseline and at the end of treatment by using the 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone/chlorzoxazone blood metabolic ratio, 2 h after the intake of 500 mg of chlorzoxazone. RESULTS: In the treatment group, a mean of 3.9 +/- 1.3 L of blood was removed and serum ferritin levels dropped from 715 +/- 397 to 74 +/- 34 microg/L. Variation of cytochrome P450 2E1 activity was not significantly different between the 2 groups (0.07 +/- 0.26 vs. 0.03 +/- 0.19, P = 0.36). In the treatment group, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and vitamin E were lowered after treatment compared with control group (-0.15 +/- 0.51 vs. 0.24 +/- 0.58, P = 0.002 and -1.3 +/- 4.4 vs. 2.3 +/- 5.2, P = 0.03, respectively). Inversely, vitamin C was increased (0.5 +/- 3.5 vs. -1.8 +/- 3.9, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: In dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome, reduction of iron stores does not significantly influence cytochrome P450 2E1 activity but is associated with a significant decrease of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, suggesting that venesection therapy may be a suitable option in these patients.
ISSN: 0269-2813

hal-00702125
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00702125
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03116.x
PUBMED : 17014579

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
In intrauterine pregnancies of uncertain viability with a gestational sac without a yolk sac (with a mean of three orthogonal transvaginal ultrasound measurements <25 mm), the suspected pregnancy loss should only be confirmed after a follow-up scan at least 14 days later shows no embryo with cardiac activity (Grade C). In intrauterine pregnancies of uncertain viability with an embryo <7 mm on transvaginal ultrasound, the suspected pregnancy loss should only be confirmed after a follow-up scan at least 7 days later (Grade C). In pregnancies of unknown location after transvaginal ultrasound (i.e. not visible in the uterus), a threshold of at least 3510 IU/l for the serum human chorionic gonadotrophin assay is recommended; above that level, a viable intrauterine pregnancy can be ruled out (Grade C). Postponing conception after an early miscarriage in women who want a new pregnancy is not recommended (Grade A). A work-up for women with recurrent pregnancy loss should include the following: diabetes (Grade A), antiphospholipid syndrome (Grade A), hypothyroidism with anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg) antibodies (Grade A), vitamin deficiencies (B9, B12) (Grade C), hyperhomocysteinaemia (Grade C), hyperprolactinaemia (Grade B), diminished ovarian reserve (Grade C), and a uterine malformation or an acquired uterine abnormality amenable to surgical treatment (Grade C). The treatment options recommended for women with a missed early miscarriage are vacuum aspiration (Grade A) or misoprostol (Grade B); and the treatment options recommended for women with an incomplete early miscarriage are vacuum aspiration (Grade A) or expectant management (Grade A). In the absence of both chorioamnionitis and rupture of the membranes, women with a threatened late miscarriage and an open cervix, with or without protrusion of the amniotic sac into the vagina, should receive McDonald cerclage, tocolysis with indomethacin, and antibiotics (Grade C). Among women with a threatened late miscarriage and an isolated undilated shortened cervix (<25 mm on ultrasound), cerclage is only indicated for those with a history of either late miscarriage or preterm delivery (Grade A). Among women with a threatened late miscarriage, an isolated undilated shortened cervix (<25 mm on ultrasound) and no uterine contractions, daily treatment with vaginal progesterone up to 34 weeks of gestation is recommended (Grade A). Hysteroscopic section of the septum is recommended for women with a uterine septum and a history of late miscarriage (Grade C). Correction of acquired abnormalities of the uterine cavity (e.g. polyps, myomas, synechiae) is recommended after three early or late miscarriages (Grade C). Prophylactic cerclage is recommended for women with a history of three late miscarriages or preterm deliveries (Grade B). Low-dose aspirin and low-molecular-weight heparin at a preventive dose are recommended for women with obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (Grade A). Glycaemic levels should be controlled before conception in women with diabetes (Grade A)
ISSN: 0301-2115

hal-01295639
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01295639
DOI : 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.02.015
PUBMED : 27039249

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
(Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a tropical fruit widely consumed around the world. The study wascarried out on four selected guava varieties grown in Martinique. Two fruit harvests were gathered at two-yearintervals, at the green/yellow color change maturity stage. First, we established the homogeneity of all fruitbatches by bootstrapping, ANOVA, box plot and multiple comparison statistical analysis on physicalparameters. Red Supreme Ruby clearly differs from the other three varieties, whereas the results for CentenoProlific are between Beauséjour and Enana Cuba. We determined on puree obtained from a homogeneousbatch of each variety the physicochemical and functional properties as well as the antioxidant properties. Ourresults show that the combination of lycopene and vitamin C, and their synergistic mechanisms in the fruitextracts may be responsible for the high antioxidant activity of guava puree, and we demonstrate a statisticallysignificant positive correlation between EC50 and lycopene.
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT)

hal-01672064
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01672064
DOI : 10.9790/2402-1109015767