Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Geographical distribution of parasite species can provide insights into the evolution and diversity of parasiticcommunities. Biogeography of marine parasites is poorly known, especially because it requires anunderstanding of host-parasite interactions, information that is rare, especially over large spatial scales.Here, we have studied the biogeographical patterns of dactylogyrid parasites of chaetodontids, one of themost well-studied fish families, in the tropical Indo-west Pacific region. Dactylogyrid parasites were collectedfrom gills of 34 butterflyfish species (n = 560) at nine localities within an approximate area of62 million km2. Thirteen dactylogyrid species were identified, with richness ranging from 6 to 12 speciesat individual localities. Most dactylogyrid communities were dominated by Haliotrema angelopterum orHaliotrema aurigae, for which relative abundance was negatively correlated (q = !0.59). Parasite richnessand diversity were highest in French Polynesia and the Great Barrier Reef (Australia) and lowest in Palau.Three biogeographic regions were identified based on dactylogyrid dissimilarities: French Polynesia,characterised by the dominance of H. angelopterum, the western Pacific region dominated by H. aurigae,and Ningaloo Reef (Australia), dominated by Euryhaliotrema berenguelae. Structure of host assemblageswas the main factor explaining the dissimilarity (turnover and nestedness components of the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity and overall Bray-Curtis dissimilarity) of parasite communities between localities,while environment was only significant in the turnover of parasite communities and overall dissimilarity.Spatial structure of localities explained only 10% of the turnover of parasite communities. The interactionof the three factors (host assemblages, environment and spatial structure), however, explained the highestamounts of variance of the dactylogyrid communities, indicating a strong colinearity between the factors.Our findings show that spatial arrangement of chaetodontid dactylogyrids in the tropical Indo-westPacific is primarily characterised by the turnover of the main Haliotrema spp., which is mainly explainedby the structure of host assemblages.
ISSN: 0020-7519

hal-01562156
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01562156
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.01.006

Éditeur(s) : Wiley-blackwell
Résumé : The reef fauna connectivity of the West Indian Ocean (WIO) is one of the least studied globally. Here we use genetic analyses of the grouper Epinephelus merra (Bloch 1793) to determine patterns of connectivity and to identify barriers to dispersal in this WIO marine area. Phylogeographic and population-level analyses were conducted on cytochrome b sequences and microsatellites (13 loci) from 557 individuals sampled in 15 localities distributed across the West Indian Ocean. Additional samples from the Pacific Ocean were used to benchmark the WIO population structure. The high level of divergence revealed between Indian and Pacific localities (of about 4.5% in sequences) might be the signature of the major tectonic and climatic changes operating at the Plio-Pleistocene transition, congruently with numerous examples of Indo-Pacific speciation. In comparison, the E. merra sequences from the Indian Ocean constitute a monophyletic clade with a low average genetic distance (d < 0.5%). However both genetic markers indicated some structure within this ocean. The main structure revealed was the isolation of the Maldives from the WIO localities (a different group signature identified by clustering analysis, great values of differentiation). Both marker types reveal further significant structure within the WIO, mainly the isolation of the Mascarene Islands (significant AMOVA and isolation-by-distance patterns) and some patchy structure between the northernmost localities and within the Mozambique Channel. The WIO genetic structure of E. merra appeared congruent with main biogeographic boundaries and oceanographic currents.
Marine Ecology-an Evolutionary Perspective (0173-9565) (Wiley-blackwell), 2015-09 , Vol. 36 , N. 3 , P. 447-461

Droits : 2014 Blackwell Verlag GmbH
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00189/30046/28566.pdf
DOI:10.1111/maec.12153
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00189/30046/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
AimBiological invasions are major contributors to global change and native biodiversity decline. However, they are overlooked in marine conservation plans. Here, we examine for the first time the extent to which marine conservation planning research has addressed (or ignored) biological invasions. Furthermore, we explore the change of spatial priorities in conservation plans when different approaches are used to incorporate the presence and impacts of invasive species.LocationGlobal analysis with a focus on the Mediterranean Sea region.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature review consisting of three steps: (1) article selection using a search engine, (2) abstract screening and (3) review of pertinent articles, which were identified in the second step. The information extracted included the scale and geographical location of each case study as well as the approach followed regarding invasive species. We also applied the software Marxan to produce and compare conservation plans for the Mediterranean Sea that either protect, or avoid areas impacted by invasives, or ignore the issue. One case study focused on the protection of critical habitats, and the other on endemic fish species.ResultsWe found that of 119 papers on marine spatial plans in specific biogeographic regions, only three (2.5%) explicitly took into account invasive species. When comparing the different conservation plans for each case study, we found that the majority of selected sites for protection (ca. 80%) changed in the critical habitat case study, while this proportion was lower but substantial (27%) in the endemic fish species case study.Main conclusionsBiological invasions are being widely disregarded when planning for conservation in the marine environment across local to global scales. More explicit consideration of biological invasions can significantly alter spatial conservation priorities. Future conservation plans should explicitly account for biological invasions to optimize the selection of marine protected areas.
ISSN: 1366-9516

hal-01431351
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01431351
DOI : 10.1111/ddi.12491

Éditeur(s) : Wiley-blackwell
Résumé : Aim The aims of this study were: (1) to identify global communities of tuna and billfish species through quantitative statistical analyses of global fisheries data; (2) to describe the spatial distribution, main environmental drivers and species composition of each community detected; and (3) to determine whether the spatial distribution of each community could be linked to the environmental conditions that affect lower trophic levels by comparing the partitions identified in this study with Longhursts biogeochemical provinces. Location The global ocean from 60 degrees S to 65 degrees N. Methods We implemented a new numerical procedure based on a hierarchical clustering method and a nonparametric probabilistic test to divide the oceanic biosphere into biomes and ecoregions. This procedure was applied to a database that comprised standardized data on commercial longline catches for 15 different species of tuna and billfish over a period of more than 50 years (i.e. 1953-2007). For each ecoregion identified (i.e. characteristic tuna and billfish community), we analysed the relationships between species composition and environmental factors. Finally, we compared the biogeochemical provinces of Longhurst with the ecoregions that we identified. Results Tuna and billfish species form nine well-defined communities across the global ocean. Each community occurs in regions with specific environmental conditions and shows a distinctive species composition. High similarity (68.8% homogeneity) between the spatial distribution of the communities of tuna and billfish and the biogeochemical provinces suggests a strong relationship between these species and the physical and chemical characteristics of the global ocean. Main conclusions Despite their high tolerance for a wide range of environmental conditions, these highly migratory species are partitioned into clear geographical communities in the ocean at a global scale. The similarity between biogeochemical and biotic divisions in the ocean suggests that the global ocean is a mosaic of large biogeographical ecosystems, each characterized by specific environmental conditions that have a strong effect on the composition of the trophic web.
Journal Of Biogeography (0305-0270) (Wiley-blackwell), 2012-01 , Vol. 39 , N. 1 , P. 114-129

Droits : 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00060/17141/14716.pdf
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02582.x
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00060/17141/

Éditeur(s) : Inter-Research
Résumé : The Biocean database was designed to collate the extremely large volume of data collected from different deep-sea ecosystem studies conducted by Ifremer's department of 'Environnement Profond' (Deep-Sea Environment). This database comes in a 6-application package: 2 of them are used on research vessels to collect operational data, whereas the others are used to link with a core database back on land. The latter are used to: (1) manage taxonomic nomenclature, (2) monitor the identification of faunal collections, (3) fill in chemical analyses results or measurement data files and (4) add or extract data from the database. Biocean was designed to facilitate ecosystem studies in the deep sea. It represents an important new resource for deep-sea ecologists and will have wide applications in biogeography and biodiversity studies at Ifremer, but also for the international community, as faunal data are linked to the Census of Marine Life information system OBIS (Ocean Biogeographic Information System). Biogeographical analyses of Biocean data recovered through the OBIS portal evidence an evolution in the deep-sea sampling strategies more focused in limited areas and is intended to reveal ecosystems functioning.
Marine Ecology Progress Series (0171-8630) (Inter-Research), 2006-07 , Vol. 316 , P. 215-224

Droits : 2006 Inter-Research
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-1581.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1581/

Éditeur(s) : Public Library Science
Résumé : Like hydrothermal vents along oceanic ridges, cold seeps are patchy and isolated ecosystems along continental margins, extending from bathyal to abyssal depths. The Atlantic Equatorial Belt (AEB), from the Gulf of Mexico to the Gulf of Guinea, was one focus of the Census of Marine Life ChEss (Chemosynthetic Ecosystems) program to study biogeography of seep and vent fauna. We present a review and analysis of collections from five seep regions along the AEB: the Gulf of Mexico where extensive faunal sampling has been conducted from 400 to 3300m, the Barbados accretionary prism, the Blake ridge diapir, and in the Eastern Atlantic from the Congo and Gabon margins and the recently explored Nigeria margin. Of the 72 taxa identified at the species level, a total of 9 species or species complexes are identified as amphi-Atlantic. Similarity analyses based on both Bray Curtis and Hellinger distances among 9 faunal collections, and principal component analysis based on presence/absence of megafauna species at these sites, suggest that within the AEB seep megafauna community structure is influenced primarily by depth rather than by geographic distance. Depth segregation is observed between 1000 and 2000m, with the middle slope sites either grouped with those deeper than 2000m or with the shallower sites. The highest level of community similarity was found between the seeps of the Florida escarpment and Congo margin. In the western Atlantic, the highest degree of similarity is observed between the shallowest sites of the Barbados prism and of the Louisiana slope. The high number of amphi-atlantic cold-seep species that do not cluster according to biogeographic regions, and the importance of depth in structuring AEB cold-seep communities are the major conclusions of this study. The hydrothermal vent sites along the Mid Atlantic Ridge (MAR) did not appear as "stepping stones" for dispersal of the AEB seep fauna, however, the south MAR and off axis regions should be further explored to more fully test this hypothesis.
Plos One (1932-6203) (Public Library Science), 2010-08 , Vol. 5 , N. 8 , P. 1-11

Droits : © 2010 Olu et al.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00011/12207/8975.pdf
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0011967
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00011/12207/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
The brown algal genus Padina (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) is distributed worldwide in tropical and temperate seas. Global species diversity and distribution ranges, however, remain largely unknown. Species-level diversity was reassessed using DNA-based, algorithmic species delineation techniques based on cox3 and rbcL sequence data from 221 specimens collected worldwide. This resulted in estimates ranging from 39 to 61 putative species (ESUs), depending on the technique as well as the locus. We discuss the merits, potential pitfalls, and evolutionary and biogeographic significance of algorithmic species delineation. We unveil patterns whereby ESUs are in all but one case restricted to either the Atlantic or Indo-Pacific Ocean. Within ocean basins we find evidence for the vast majority of ESUs to be confined to a single marine realm. Exceptions, whereby ESUs span up to three realms, are located in the Indo-Pacific Ocean. Patterns of range-restricted species likely arise by repeated founder events and subsequent peripatric speciation, hypothesized to dominate speciation mechanisms for coastal marine organisms in the Indo-Pacific. Using a three-gene (cox3, psaA and rbcL), relaxed molecular clock phylogenetic analysis we estimated divergence times, providing a historical framework to interpret biogeographic patterns.
ISSN: 0022-3646

hal-01545323
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01545323
DOI : 10.1111/jpy.12027

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
Sea cows (manatees, dugongs) are the only living marine mammals to feed solely on aquatic plants. Unlike whales or dolphins (Cetacea), the earliest evolutionary history of sirenians is poorly documented, and limited to a few fossils including skulls and skeletons of two genera composing the stem family of Prorastomidae (Prorastomus and Pezosiren). Surprisingly, these fossils come from the Eocene of Jamaica, while stem Hyracoidea and Proboscidea - the putative sister-groups to Sirenia - are recorded in Africa as early as the Late Paleocene. So far, the historical biogeography of early Sirenia has remained obscure given this paradox between phylogeny and fossil record. Here we use X-ray microtomography to investigate a newly discovered sirenian petrosal from the Eocene of Tunisia. This fossil represents the oldest occurrence of sirenians in Africa. The morphology of this petrosal is more primitive than the Jamaican prorastomids' one, which emphasizes the basal position of this new African taxon within the Sirenia clade. This discovery testifies to the great antiquity of Sirenia in Africa, and therefore supports their African origin. While isotopic analyses previously suggested sirenians had adapted directly to the marine environment, new paleoenvironmental evidence suggests that basal-most sea cows were likely restricted to fresh waters.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-00807308
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00807308
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0054307

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Frontiers Media
Résumé : International audience
With global climate change altering marine ecosystems, research on plankton ecology is likely to navigate uncharted seas. Yet, a staggering wealth of new plankton observations, integrated with recent advances in marine ecosystem modelling, may shed light on marine ecosystem structure and functioning. A EuroMarine foresight workshop on the “Impact of climate change on the distribution of plankton functional and phylogenetic diversity” (PlankDiv) identified five grand challenges for future plankton diversity and macroecology research: 1) What can we learn about plankton communities from the new wealth of high-throughput ‘omics’ data? 2) What is the link between plankton diversity and ecosystem function? 3) How can species distribution models be adapted to represent plankton biogeography? 4) How will plankton biogeography be altered due to anthropogenic climate change? and 5) Can a new unifying theory of macroecology be developed based on plankton ecology studies? In this review, we discuss potential future avenues to address these questions, and challenges that need to be tackled along the way.
ISSN: 2296-7745

hal-01545318
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01545318
DOI : 10.3389/fmars.2017.00068

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Background : Biological communities are normally composed of a few abundant and many rare species. This pattern is particularly prominent in microbial communities, in which most constituent taxa are usually extremely rare. Although abundant and rare subcommunities may present intrinsic characteristics that could be crucial for understanding community dynamics and ecosystem functioning, microbiologists normally do not differentiate between them. Here, we investigate abundant and rare subcommunities of marine microbial eukaryotes, a crucial group of organisms that remains among the least-explored biodiversity components of the biosphere. We surveyed surface waters of six separate coastal locations in Europe, independently considering the picoplankton, nanoplankton, and microplankton/mesoplankton organismal size fractions.Results : Deep Illumina sequencing of the 18S rRNA indicated that the abundant regional community was mostly structured by organismal size fraction, whereas the rare regional community was mainly structured by geographic origin. However, some abundant and rare taxa presented similar biogeography, pointing to spatiotemporal structure in the rare microeukaryote biosphere. Abundant and rare subcommunities presented regular proportions across samples, indicating similar species-abundance distributions despite taxonomic compositional variation. Several taxa were abundant in one location and rare in other locations, suggesting large oscillations in abundance. The substantial amount of metabolically active lineages found in the rare biosphere suggests that this subcommunity constitutes a diversity reservoir that can respond rapidly to environmental change.Conclusions : We propose that marine planktonic microeukaryote assemblages incorporate dynamic and metabolically active abundant and rare subcommunities, with contrasting structuring patterns but fairly regular proportions, across space and time.
ISSN: 0960-9822

hal-01149637
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01149637
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01149637/document
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01149637/file/Logares_et_al_CurrentBiol_accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.cub.2014.02.050

Éditeur(s) : Public Library Science
Résumé : Background: Resolving threats to widely distributed marine megafauna requires definition of the geographic distributions of both the threats as well as the population unit(s) of interest. In turn, because individual threats can operate on varying spatial scales, their impacts can affect different segments of a population of the same species. Therefore, integration of multiple tools and techniques - including site-based monitoring, genetic analyses, mark-recapture studies and telemetry - can facilitate robust definitions of population segments at multiple biological and spatial scales to address different management and research challenges. Methodology/Principal Findings: To address these issues for marine turtles, we collated all available studies on marine turtle biogeography, including nesting sites, population abundances and trends, population genetics, and satellite telemetry. We georeferenced this information to generate separate layers for nesting sites, genetic stocks, and core distributions of population segments of all marine turtle species. We then spatially integrated this information from fine-to coarse-spatial scales to develop nested envelope models, or Regional Management Units (RMUs), for marine turtles globally. Conclusions/Significance: The RMU framework is a solution to the challenge of how to organize marine turtles into units of protection above the level of nesting populations, but below the level of species, within regional entities that might be on independent evolutionary trajectories. Among many potential applications, RMUs provide a framework for identifying data gaps, assessing high diversity areas for multiple species and genetic stocks, and evaluating conservation status of marine turtles. Furthermore, RMUs allow for identification of geographic barriers to gene flow, and can provide valuable guidance to marine spatial planning initiatives that integrate spatial distributions of protected species and human activities. In addition, the RMU framework - including maps and supporting metadata - will be an iterative, user-driven tool made publicly available in an online application for comments, improvements, download and analysis.
Plos One (1932-6203) (Public Library Science), 2010-12 , Vol. 5 , N. 12 , P. -

Droits : 2010 Plos One
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00028/13926/11308.pdf
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0015465
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00028/13926/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The tropical to warm-temperate marine brown macroalgal genus Lobophora (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) recently drew attention because of its striking regional diversity. In this study we reassess Lobophora global species diversity, and species distributions, and explore how historical factors have shaped current diversity patterns. We applied a series of algorithmic species delineation techniques on a global mitochondrial cox3 dataset of 598 specimens, resulting in an estimation of 98–121 species. This diversity by far exceeds traditional diversity estimates based on morphological data. A multi-locus time-calibrated species phylogeny using a relaxed molecular clock, along with DNA-confirmed species distribution data was used to analyse ancestral area distributions, dispersal-vicariance-founder events, and temporal patterns of diversification under different biogeographical models. The origin of Lobophora was estimated in the Upper Cretaceous (−75 to −60 MY), followed by gradual diversification until present. While most speciation events were inferred within marine realms, founder events also played a non-negligible role in Lobophora diversification. The Central Indo-Pacific showed the highest species diversity as a result of higher speciation events in this region. Most Lobophora species have small ranges limited to marine realms. Lobophora probably originated in the Tethys Sea and dispersed repeatedly in the Atlantic (including the Gulf of Mexico) and Pacific Oceans. The formation of the major historical marine barriers (Terminal Tethyan event, Isthmus of Panama, Benguela upwelling) did not act as important vicariance events. Long-distance dispersal presumably represented an important mode of speciation over evolutionary time-scales. The limited geographical ranges of most Lobophora species, however, vouch for the rarity of such events.
ISSN: 1055-7903

hal-01535635
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01535635
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01535635/document
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01535635/file/Vieira_2017_Historical.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.03.007

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Magnolia Press
Résumé : International audience
Despite their importance in marine biodiversity, invertebrates are far less studied than vertebrates. Given the current globalbiodiversity crisis and insufficient taxonomic resources, sustained efforts need to be undertaken to assess species diversity,especially in the highly threatened ‘biodiversity hotspots’. Réunion is a young volcanic island lying in the Mascarene Islands(south-western Indian Ocean, SWIO), a marine biodiversity hotspot. A substantial sampling effort was conductedaround Réunion Island to document shallow water reef-associated ophiuroid (brittle-stars) diversity, a class recognised asthe most diverse among echinoderms. A total of 33 species were documented, increasing the known species richness ofthe island by 56%. Findings include 15 new records for Réunion, 11 for the Mascarene Islands and 8 for the Indian Ocean.The most diverse family was Ophiocomidae, a family of large, abundant and conspicuous tropical species. Even in thiswell studied family, a new species was revealed by this survey. Morphological variants together with DNA sequence variationswithin several species revealed cryptic species. We compared our results with the known fauna of other MascareneIslands and discuss biogeographic implications for the region.
ISSN: 1175-5326

hal-01327053
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01327053
DOI : 10.11646/zootaxa.4098.2.4

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
Coral reefs are among the most species-rich and threatened ecosystems on Earth, yet the extent to which human stressors determine species occurrences, compared with biogeography or environmental conditions, remains largely unknown. With ever-increasing human-mediated disturbances on these ecosystems, an important question is not only how many species can inhabit local communities, but also which biological traits determine species that can persist (or not) above particular disturbance thresholds. Here we show that human pressure and seasonal climate variability are disproportionately and negatively associated with the occurrence of large-bodied and geographically small-ranging fishes within local coral reef communities. These species are 67% less likely to occur where human impact and temperature seasonality exceed critical thresholds, such as in the marine biodiversity hotspot: the Coral Triangle. Our results identify the most sensitive species and critical thresholds of human and climatic stressors, providing opportunity for targeted conservation intervention to prevent local extinctions.
ISSN: 2041-1723

hal-01282870
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01282870
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01282870/document
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01282870/file/ncomms10491.pdf
DOI : 10.1038/ncomms10491

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
We sought transversotrematid trematodes from French Polynesian fishes by examining 304 individual scaled fishes of 53 species from seven families known to harbour the family elsewhere. A single species was found at two locations in the Tuamotus Archipelago on two species of Chaetodontidae (Chaetodon auriga and Chaetodon ephippium) and one species of Lutjanidae (Lutjanus gibbus). The species closely resembles Transversotrema borboleta Hunter & Cribb, 2012 from chaetodontids and lutjanids of the northern Great Barrier Reef (GBR) but differs from it consistently in 8 base positions of ITS2 rDNA. This level of variation exceeds that between some clearly morphologically distinct pairs of species of Transversotrema and the form from French Polynesia is thus interpreted as a distinct, though cryptic, species and named Transversotrema polynesiae n. sp. The new species forms part of a complex of species, here characterised as the T. borboleta complex, associated with chaetodontids and lutjanids in the tropical Indo-West Pacific. Most of the putative species within this complex are yet to be described. Comparison of identical numbers of matched samples of fishes from French Polynesia, Heron Island (southern GBR) and Lizard Island (northern GBR) revealed 1, 4 and 10 species of Transversotrema respectively suggesting that the French Polynesian fauna is depauperate for this family. In addition to those species apparently missing from suitable hosts in French Polynesia, several species from further west infect fishes (especially Nemipteridae) that are themselves absent from French Polynesia. This dramatic east–west decline in richness contrasts strongly with what is known for monogeneans, which appear to maintain their richness over the same scale, and is more precipitate than is known for other groups of trematodes. The decline might be explained in part by the absence of the as yet unknown first intermediate hosts in French Polynesia. However, we predict that it is explained by other life cycle traits. We hypothesise that the characters of large short-lived cercariae, short-lived miracidia, the absence in the life-cycle of second intermediate hosts that are capable of transporting the species, and definitive and first intermediate hosts that have limited vagility combine to give marine Transversotrematidae limited dispersal capacity and a propensity for localised speciation.
ISSN: 1383-5769

hal-01333467
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01333467
DOI : 10.1016/j.parint.2013.11.009

Éditeur(s) : Revue Internationale d'Ichtyologie
Résumé : The ichthyofauna of Reunion Island, Southwestern Indian Ocean, was sampled during several ecological and artisanal fisheries studies. Information from these investigations and from other sources were included to compile the present checklist of the marine fishes of the island. A total of 885 species belonging to 150 families was recorded. Nine species are known only from Reunion, indicating endemism of about 1.0%. The most speciose families (Labridae, Gobiidae, Serranidae, and Pomacentridae) were also among the most speciose at the neighbouring Mauritius Island (except gobiids), and, generally, on other islands in the Indian Ocean area (Maldives, Chagos, Madagascar and Christmas Island). The Gobiidae only represented 5.4% of the ichthyofauna, which was similar to the ratio for Aqaba (Red Sea), contrasting with 8.0% recorded for the Maldives, 13.0% at Chagos or other higher percentages recorded in the Pacific Ocean. The Apogonidae and Scaridae are relatively poorly diversified at Reunion, also in contrast with the Maldives, Madagascar, Chagos, Aqaba (Red Sea) and certain Pacific areas. The recent geological origins of Reunion Island and the low diversity of its marine biotopes are probably the most significant factors explaining both the total species richness and species richness of some major families.
L'ichtyofaune de l'île de La Réunion a été étudiée au cours de plusieurs travaux portant sur l'écologie des poissons et sur les pêcheries artisanales. Les informations issues de ces études, ainsi que d'autres sources, ont été compilées dans la présente liste des poissons marins de l'île. Un total de 885 espèces appartenant à 150 familles est recensé. Neuf espèces ne sont connues que de La Réunion, indiquant un endémisme proche de 1,0%. Les familles les plus diversifiées (Labridae, Gobiidae, Serranidae et Pomacentridae) sont aussi parmi les plus diversifiées à l'île Maurice voisine (à l'exception des Gobiidae), ainsi que dans d'autres îles de l'océan Indien (Maldives, Chagos, Madagascar et Christmas). Les Gobiidae ne représentent que 5,4% de l'ichtyofaune totale, ce qui est semblable à ce qui est connu à Aqaba (mer Rouge), mais contraste avec les 8,0% trouvés aux Maldives, les 13,0% trouvés aux Chagos ou d'autres pourcentages élevés dans l'océan Pacifique. Les Apogonidae et les Scaridae sont relativement peu diversifiés à La Réunion, ce qui contraste également avec ce qui est connu des Maldives, Madagascar, Chagos, la mer Rouge et certaines régions de l'océan Pacifique. Le jeune âge géologique de l'île et la faible diversité de ses biotopes marins pourraient être parmi les facteurs les plus importants pouvant expliquer la faible richesse spécifique totale et la richesse spécifique de certaines familles.
CYBIUM (0399-0974) (Revue Internationale d'Ichtyologie), 2004-03 , Vol. 28 , N. 3 , P. 199-216

Droits : 2004 Société Française d'Ichtyologie
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2004/publication-713.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/713/

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : The discovery of deep-sea hydrothermal vent fauna, kilometres deep in the oceans, is a great achievement of 20th-century marine biology. The deep-sea hydrothermal food web does not directly depend on the sun's energy. Vent communities rely primarily on trophic associations between chemoautotrophic bacteria and consumers A small. number of endemic taxa are adapted to the inhospitable vent environments that are distributed along ridge crests. Where these vent communities originated and how they dispersed are among the important questions ecologists must answer. Here, by statistical analysis of the most comprehensive database ever assembled about deep-sea hydrothermal fauna, we delineate six major hydrothermal provinces in the world ocean and identify seven possible dispersal pathways between adjacent provinces. Our model suggests that the East-Pacific Rise may have played a pivotal role as a centre of dispersal for the hydrothermal fauna. Our data-driven conclusion will have to be tested by phylogenetic studies and completed by surveys of less-explored fields.
Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers (0967-0637) (Elsevier), 2009-08 , Vol. 56 , N. 8 , P. 1371-1378

Droits : 2009 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/publication-6936.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/sup-6936.xls
DOI:10.1016/j.dsr.2009.01.009
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6936/