Résumé : The slides were taken on collecting trips sponsored by the William L. Bryant Foundation, where books, music and art indigenous to the regions were gathered. The are organized by geographical location.
The following marine turtles have been recorded in the Bahamas: Green Turtle, Hawksbill Turtle, Loggerhead Turtle, Leatherback Turtle, Olive Ridley Turtle, and Kemp’s Ridley Turtle. The Green Turtle is listed (2013) on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List of Threatened species as endangered. All marine turtles are now fully protected under Bahamian law, including the Green Turtle. Green Turtle meat and cartilage were used to make turtle soup which was once a delicacy in the Bahamian Out Islands. This image features two men, one carrying the body of a Green Turtle, walking on path from the dock near Man of War Cay, Abaco, Bahamas. On the dock is also a pile of ropes and propane tanks. Slide labeled Delivery of Green Turtle Man of War April '65.
Bahamas -- North America -- Man of War Cay, Abaco

Droits : All rights to images are held by the respective holding institution. This image is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. For permission to reproduce images and/or for copyright information contact Special Collections & University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, FL 32816 phone (407) 823-2576, email: speccoll@mail.ucf.edu
CFM1972_01a
Sheet 5:12
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00028445/00001

Résumé : The slides were taken on collecting trips sponsored by the William L. Bryant Foundation, where books, music and art indigenous to the regions were gathered. The are organized by geographical location.
The following marine turtles have been recorded in the Bahamas: Green Turtle, Hawksbill Turtle, Loggerhead Turtle, Leatherback Turtle, Olive Ridley Turtle, and Kemp’s Ridley Turtle. The Green Turtle is listed (2013) on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List of Threatened species as endangered. All marine turtles are now fully protected under Bahamian law, including the Green Turtle. Green Turtle meat and cartilage were used to make turtle soup which was once a delicacy in the Bahamian Out Islands. This image features the bodies of four Green Turtles in a boat near Man of War Cay, Abaco, Bahamas. Slide labeled Turtles for Delivery on Man of Way Cay April '65.
Bahamas -- North America -- Man of War Cay, Abaco

Droits : All rights to images are held by the respective holding institution. This image is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. For permission to reproduce images and/or for copyright information contact Special Collections & University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, FL 32816 phone (407) 823-2576, email: speccoll@mail.ucf.edu
CFM1972_01a
Sheet 5:10
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00028442/00001

Résumé : Bycatch of marine turtles, vulnerable or endangered species, is a growing issue of all fisheries, including Oceanic purse-seine fishery. The present paper seeks to assess marine turtle bycatch at a spatial and temporal level in the European purse seine fishery operating in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. The study was based on data collected through French and Spanish observer programs from 1995 to 2011, a period where more than 230 000 fishing sets were realized by the UE fleets in both Oceans. A total of 15 913 fishing sets were observed, including 6 515 on drifting Fish Aggregate Devices (FAD) and 9 398 on Free Swimming Schools (FSC). Over the study period, 597 turtles were caught, 86% being released alive at sea. At the same time, from 2003 to 2011, 14 124 specific observations were carried out on floating objects whether they ended in a set or not. 354 marine turtles were observed upon which 80% were already free or entangled alive and therefore released alive. At the temporal and spatial level, data were organized and analysed by Ocean, fishing mode (FAD vs. FSC) as well as by year, quarter and statistical square of 1°. In order to evaluate the impact if this fishery in both Oceans, bycatch distribution was compared to the total fishing effort of the UE fleet, as well as to the known marine turtle post nesting migration routes, nesting population abundances and known feeding areas. The species composition, the size and sex structure of bycatch are also discussed here. At last, an attempt to raise the data to the total fishing effort was carried out. Based on observation of marine turtle by-catches on sets, we estimated that, globally, 3500 marine turtles were accidentally captured by the EU-PS fleet in the Atlantic Ocean from 1995 to 2010, and around 2000 in the Indian Ocean from 2003 to 2010, with a corresponding annual bycatch rate of 218 (SD=150; survival rate =91%) and 250 (SD=157; survival rate =77%) respectively in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean. However, because of important uncertainties mainly due to the low observation coverage and the scarcity of marine turtle bycatch events, it was impossible to produce solid and reliable global estimates of marine turtle bycatch and mortality due to PS activity.

Droits : 2012 IOTC
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00149/25991/24087.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00149/25991/

Éditeur(s) : Marine Turtle Research Group, University of Exeter-Cornwall Department of Food, Environment, and Rural Affairs, United Kingdom Marine Turtle Research Group, University of Exeter-Cornwall Department of Food, Environment, and Rural Affairs, United Kingdom
Résumé : This project was implemented by the Marine Turtle Research Group (University of Exeter in Cornwall, UK), the Marine Conservation Society (UK), and Duke University (USA) in association with the Cayman Islands Department of Environment, Cayman Turtle Farm, and University of Cardiff (UK). This initial consortium was expanded to include a large number of organisations across the Overseas Territories

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00012417/00001

Éditeur(s) : IUCN--the World Conservation Union IUCN--the World Conservation Union ( Gland, Switzerland )
Résumé : (Statement of Responsibility) prepared by IUCN/SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group.

34974457
97133999
2831702658
ocm34974457
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00012420/00001

Éditeur(s) : Université de la Réunion
Résumé : The green turtle (Chelonia mydas) is an emblematic species of marine life. However, nowadays it is subject to many threats (poaching, by-catch). Even if there is deep growing measures for its protection, the green turtle still is an endangered species and it is listed in Appendix I of Washington Convention (CITES). In order to elaborate efficient conservation and management plans, perfect knowledge of green turtle biology, but also of its population structure and their characteristics, are needed. In this thesis, we have assessed genetic structure of green turtle populations in the South-Western Indian Ocean by using genetic tools. In all, 1551 tissue samples have been collected from our study zone and from our control site French Polynesia (37 samples). All kinds if individuals were sampled (except males in reproductive phase) from 15 sampling sites including nesting, foraging, and immature development site. We used both control region of mitochondrial DNA and 6 microsatellite loci to better infer maternal and paternal lineages. We identified 29 haplotypes in the South-Western Indian Ocean. They are distributed in 3 independent and highly divergent clades, including one composed with haplotypes from Atlantic Ocean. For 7 of these haplotypes, it was the first time they were detected in the study zone. Fifteen haplotypes were previously undescribed, distributed in all the 3 clades. These new haplotypes seem to be specific to the South-Western Indian Ocean, which is then an original zone. Besides, we found a high allelic richness. These results show the South-western Indian Ocean is rich and very diversified. This region plays an important role in the global diversity of the species. The South-Western Indian Ocean is one of the two contact zones presently known between the two metapopulations of green turtles (Atlantic-Mediterranean and Indo-Pacific). This contact induces a genetic cline based on CM8 (Atlantic) and C3 (Indo-Pacific) haplotype frequencies. Analysis of the microsatellite differentiation between individuals provides evidence of genetic exchanges between the two metapopulations in the region. The South-Western Indian Ocean participates to green turtle global genetic mixing. Studying the influence of several intrinsic and extrinsic factors on population structuring provides useful information for management plan elaboration. We found no significant difference between genetic structures of foraging females and males, contrary to immature turtles which seem to be organised in 'regional pools'. This organisation could be due to both immature natal homing and influence of oceanic currents. High mitochondrial differentiation of nesting females and low global microsatellite differentiation of our samples indicate male-mediated gene flow among populations of the study zone. The genetic composition of a sampling site presents no significant variation along the year, even if we could notice some trends. Nevertheless, it can be significantly different from a year to an other one. This may result from alternation of distinct populations on the same site. We noticed different evolution in 10 or 20 years of the genetic composition depending on the sampling site. Geographic distance seems not to have significant influence on population structuring concerning microsatellite markers. Nesting females of Saziley Beach (Mayotte Island, Comoros Archipelago) present genetic divergence from females nesting in the two other sampled beaches of this island. The observed population structure shows no contradiction with the organisation of oceanic currents in the South-Western Indian Ocean. Comparing the results from the two genetic markers used, we identified 8 genetic differentiated clusters of turtles in the study zone and at least 6 distinct populations. These clusters constitute 8 potential management units (MUs) which could serve as basis in the elaboration of conservation and management plans.
La tortue verte (Chelonia mydas) constitue l'un des espèces emblématiques de la vie marine, pourtant de nombreuses menaces pèsent de nos jours encore sur sa survie (braconnage, captures accidentelles). Ainsi, malgré l'essor de mesures de protection menées à travers pour sa sauvegarde, la tortue verte constitue une espèce 'en danger d'extinction' et figure dans l'Annexe I de la Convention de Washington (CITES). Afin d'élaborer des plans de gestion et de conservation qui soient efficaces, il est important d'avoir une parfaite connaissance de la biologie de la tortue verte, mais aussi de la structure de ses populations et de leurs caractéristiques. C'est dans ce cadre que s'inscrit la présente étude. L'objectif de cette étude était d'acquérir des connaissances sur la structure des populations de tortues vertes dans le sud-ouest de l'océan Indien grâce à l'utilisation de l'outil génétique. Au total, 1551 échantillons de tissu ont été collectés dans la zone d'étude et dans notre site témoin la Polynésie française (37 échantillons). Toutes les catégories d'individus ont été échantillonnées (excepté les mâles en phase de reproduction) et les 15 sites d'échantillonnage comprennent à la fois des sites de ponte, d'alimentation et de développement pour les immatures. Deux types de marqueurs ont été utilisés : la région contrôle de l'ADN mitochondrial et 6 loci microsatellites, afin d'appréhender au mieux l'apport des lignées maternelles et paternelles. Nous avons pu mettre en évidence la présence dans le sud-ouest de l'océan Indien de 29 haplotypes distincts, appartenant à trois clades fortement divergents dont l'un constitué d'haplotypes originaires de l'océan Atlantique. Parmi ces haplotypes, 7 ont été détectés pour la première fois dans la zone d'étude, et 15 autres n'ont jamais été précédemment décrits chez cette espèce. Ils sont présents dans chacun des 3 clades d'haplotypes. Ces nouveaux haplotypes semblent spécifiques à la région, et en font une zone originale. On observe par ailleurs une grande richesse allélique dans les effectifs analysés. Ces résultats montrent que le sud-ouest de l'océan Indien est une zone riche et très diversifiée. Cette région joue un rôle important dans la diversité génétique globale de l'espèce. Le sud-ouest de l'océan Indien constitue l'une des deux seules zones connues à l'heure actuelle de contact entre les deux métapopulations de tortues vertes (Atlantique-Méditerranée et Indo-Pacifique). Ce contact a entraîné la formation d'un cline génétique portant principalement sur les fréquences relatives des haplotypes CM8 (Atlantique) et C3 (Indo-Pacifique). Les résultats obtenus lors de l'analyse microsatellite de la différenciation entre les individus originaires des deux métapopulations montrent que le sud-ouest de l'océan Indien constitue une zone d'échanges génétiques entre les deux métapopulations, participant au brasage génétique de l'espèce. L'étude de facteurs, intrinsèques et extrinsèques, pouvant influencer la structuration des populations apportent de nombreuses informations qui pourraient s'avérer utiles lors de l'élaboration de plans de gestion. La structure des femelles et des mâles en alimentation ne diffère pas, contrairement à celle des immatures qui semble s'organiser en 'pools régionaux' qui seraient le fruit de l'interaction d'un comportement de philopatrie et d'une influence des courants océaniques. La forte différenciation mitochondriale des femelles en ponte et la très faible différenciation microsatellite observée à l'échelle de la région, indiquent l'existence de flux de gènes via les mâles. La composition génétique d'un site ne varie pas de manière significative au cours de l'année. Par contre, elle peut varier d'une année à l'autre, signifiant l'alternance dans certains sites de ponte de plusieurs populations distinctes. L'évolution de la composition génétique d'un groupe, au cours de 10 ou 20 ans, diffère selon le site considéré. La distance ne semble pas influencer de manière significative la structuration des populations au niveau microsatellite. Les femelles en ponte sur la plage de Saziley (Mayotte) diffèrent génétiquement de celles pondant sur les deux autres plages de l'île. La structure observée des populations est en accord avec l'organisation des courants océanique dans la région. La confrontation des résultats obtenus à partir des deux marqueurs génétiques utilisés, permet la détermination de 8 ensembles génétiquement différenciés dans la zone d'étude et l'identification d'au moins 6 populations distinctes. Ces ensembles constituent autant d'unités de gestion (MUs) potentielles qui pourront servir de base à l'élaboration de plans de gestion et de conservation.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/these-3532.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/3532/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Biopress Limited
Résumé : International audience
Obligately epizoic diatoms (Bacillariophyta) on vertebrates were first described from cetaceans, but turtles, both freshwater and marine, also host very specific floras. Several scrapings of juvenile Chelonia mydas have allowed the description of two new diatom taxa whose valves are asymmetrical about the transapical axis, Tripterion societatis sp. nov. and Chelonicola caribeana sp. nov. These taxa are very small and show some morphological plasticity. Such plasticity might suggest their inclusion in genera with slightly different characteristics from Tripterion and Chelonicola as originally delimited. Based on our observations, an emended diagnosis is proposed for Chelonicola.
ISSN: 2159-8347

hal-01500418
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01500418
DOI : 10.1080/0269249X.2017.1299042

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : The ability of captive-reared turtles to survive in the wild is not precisely known, nor are movements of immature turtles in the open ocean. To provide information on these issues, a satellite tracking experiment was conducted in the western Indian Ocean to monitor oceanic movements of immature green turtles. Two wild turtles and four captive-reared individuals were tracked. The latter had been displaced after birth from nesting sites to a distant rearing site. Wild turtles survived after release, but did not move far away from release site. We hypothesize that this resident behaviour may be explained by stage-specific habitat requirements. Captive-reared turtles survived after release and migrated over thousands of kilometres. Among these, the oldest immature turtles retrieved the foraging sites of their native population, with movement patterns similar to those displayed by adults. Observed movements may be linked to hydrographic conditions such as general oceanic circulation, sea temperature and thermal fronts. (C) 2003 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS and Ifremer/IRD/Inra/Cemagref. All rights reserved.
Aquatic Living Resources (0990-7440) (Elsevier), 2003 , Vol. 16 , N. 1 , P. 35-41

Droits : 2003 Ifremer/IRD/Inra/Cemagref. Published by Elsevier, Paris
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2003/publication-573.pdf
DOI:10.1016/S0990-7440(03)00005-6
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/573/

Éditeur(s) : Public Library Science
Résumé : Background: Resolving threats to widely distributed marine megafauna requires definition of the geographic distributions of both the threats as well as the population unit(s) of interest. In turn, because individual threats can operate on varying spatial scales, their impacts can affect different segments of a population of the same species. Therefore, integration of multiple tools and techniques - including site-based monitoring, genetic analyses, mark-recapture studies and telemetry - can facilitate robust definitions of population segments at multiple biological and spatial scales to address different management and research challenges. Methodology/Principal Findings: To address these issues for marine turtles, we collated all available studies on marine turtle biogeography, including nesting sites, population abundances and trends, population genetics, and satellite telemetry. We georeferenced this information to generate separate layers for nesting sites, genetic stocks, and core distributions of population segments of all marine turtle species. We then spatially integrated this information from fine-to coarse-spatial scales to develop nested envelope models, or Regional Management Units (RMUs), for marine turtles globally. Conclusions/Significance: The RMU framework is a solution to the challenge of how to organize marine turtles into units of protection above the level of nesting populations, but below the level of species, within regional entities that might be on independent evolutionary trajectories. Among many potential applications, RMUs provide a framework for identifying data gaps, assessing high diversity areas for multiple species and genetic stocks, and evaluating conservation status of marine turtles. Furthermore, RMUs allow for identification of geographic barriers to gene flow, and can provide valuable guidance to marine spatial planning initiatives that integrate spatial distributions of protected species and human activities. In addition, the RMU framework - including maps and supporting metadata - will be an iterative, user-driven tool made publicly available in an online application for comments, improvements, download and analysis.
Plos One (1932-6203) (Public Library Science), 2010-12 , Vol. 5 , N. 12 , P. -

Droits : 2010 Plos One
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00028/13926/11308.pdf
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0015465
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00028/13926/

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Cette étude permet une approche distincte de la réflexion sur les ressources marines dans le cadre d’une aire protégée. En effet, les écosystèmes marins sont essentiels d’autant plus, qu’ils présentent en Nouvelle-Calédonie une grande richesse, notamment en termes de patrimoine culturel. Ce sont majoritairement les Kanak qui habitent sur la Côte Est de la Province nord, où la Collectivité et le WWF collaborent à la mise en place de plusieurs aires marines protégées (AMP). Jusqu’à présent, la gestion coutumière Kanak a permis une relative préservation de ces écosystèmes dans un secteur littoral non soumis aux pressions de l’urbanisation, du tourisme ou de la navigation. L’étude s’attache à souligner les enjeux autour de la mise en place des AMP et des perspectives de développement local, sur le milieu marin et les populations locales. Il s’agit de voir comment cette expérimentation est envisagée par les différents acteurs (État, Province Nord, associations, coutumiers, etc.) et de s’interroger sur les mécanismes de gouvernance.
This study allows a distinct approach to thinking about the marine resources in a protected area. Indeed, marine ecosystems are essential, especially as they are in New Caledonia, particularly in terms of cultural heritage. It is mainly Kanak who live on the East Coast of the North Province, where the Community and WWF collaborate on the installation of several marine protected areas (MPAs). So far, the Kanak customary management allowed a relative preservation of these ecosystems in a coastal area not subject to the pressures of urbanization, tourism and navigation. The study aims to highlight the issues surrounding the establishment of MPAs and opportunities for local development on the marine environment and local populations. This is to see how this experiment is considered by the various actors (State, Northern Province, associations, etc. customary). And to consider the mechanisms of governance.
Nouvelle-Calédonie

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.7883
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/7883

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : It is increasingly recognized that maintaining biodiversity is of fundamental importance toward sustaining human livelihoods. One of the major assets of the region identified as “Latin America and the Caribbean” (LAC) is its biological wealth; by extension, the continued biodiversity loss of the LAC region is seen as one of the world’s principal environmental problems. The marine resources of Caribbean Sea are of vital economic, ecological and social importance to the LAC region, and are under particular threat. Marine turtles play vital roles throughout the Caribbean Sea both in terms of ecological functions and human welfare. Conservation efforts in this direction can often depend on the ability to place a value on welfare changes associated with the loss of ecosystem goods and services into which biodiversity plays an integral role.Using the ecosystem service categories of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, this paper discusses from an inter-disciplinary perspective the methodologies associated with linking marine turtles, ecosystem services and human welfare. While the main economic benefit to be currently valued may stem from the eco-tourism potential surrounding turtle nesting sites, for a true picture of the environmental resources upon which this service depends, it is necessary to also identify the other provisioning, regulating and cultural services of the resource. In this way, human welfare impacts can be more truly judged, and effective resource management can be undertaken.
La préservation de la biodiversité est d'une importance fondamentale pour le maintien des moyens de subsistance de l'homme. L'un des atouts majeurs de l’ensemble régional que constitue l'Amérique latine et les Caraïbes (LAC) demeure sa richesse biologique, par extension, toute dégradation de sa biodiversité pose des problèmes environnementaux d’ordre mondial. Les ressources marines de la mer des Caraïbes, qui sont particulièrement menacées, sont d'une importance économique, écologique et sociale vitale pour la région. Les tortues marines jouent un rôle essentiel dans la mer des Caraïbes à la fois en termes de fonctions écologiques et de bien-être humain.En ce sens, les efforts de conservation peuvent de la capacité de chiffrer la valeur sur le bien-être des changements associés à la perte de biens et de services des écosystèmes dans lesquels la biodiversité est partie intégrante. En utilisant les catégories de services des écosystèmes du Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, la présente étude aborde, dans une perspective interdisciplinaire, les méthodologies associées aux interrelations entre les tortues marines, les services écosystémiques et le bien-être de l'homme.Si le principal avantage économique actuellement identifié repose sur le potentiel écotouristique, autour des sites de nidification des tortues, pour une image fidèle des ressources environnementales sur lesquelles ce service repose, il est nécessaire d'identifier également les autres apports de la ressource, en termes de régulations, de services culturels. De cette façon, les impacts sur le bien-être humain peuvent être mieux appréhendés et les ressources peuvent être gérées de façon plus efficace.
Caraïbes

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.10990
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/10990

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Les ressources marines constituent une richesse économique d’une grande importance pour un grand nombre de pays de la planète. Du fait de l’action de l’homme, ces ressources subissent une fragilisation et une raréfaction dues entre autres à la pollution, à la surpêche, à l’urbanisation intensive... S’ajoute à cette liste, depuis quelques années, le réchauffement de la planète qui affecte d’une manière sensible la diversité biologique marine. Pourtant les réponses internationales face à cette dégradation, au-delà du fait qu’elles sont timides, sont rares. Il faudra dès lors se rabattre sur les solutions de lutte globale contre le réchauffement de la planète entreprise par la communauté internationale afin de contrer cette dégradation.
Marine resources are a wealth of great economic importance for many countries in the world. Due to the action of man, these resources undergo embrittlement and rarification among others to pollution, overfishing, urbanization, intensive ... Added to this list in recent years, the global warming that affects a significantly marine biodiversity. Yet the international response to this degradation, beyond the fact that they are shy, is rare. It will therefore fall back on solutions to the global fight against global warming taken by the international community to counter this degradation.
Danemark
Mexique

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.4421
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/4421

Éditeur(s) : Actes de colloques. Ifremer. Brest [ACTES COLLOQ. IFREMER.]. 1985
Résumé : Sexual differentiation of the marine leatherback turtle is sensitive to temperature. Incubation of eggs below 29 degree C results in 100% males, whereas incubationa bove 30 degree C results in 100% potential females at hatching. Therefore, the threshold temperature lies between 29 and 30 degree C as has been found for other marine turtles (Caretta caretta, Chelonia mydas ). Among hatchlings from natural nests in French Guiana, 10% were males, 20% were potential females and 70% had an intermediate phenotype. The sand temperature at 60 cm of depth, near one nest, was recorded and was found to vary between 29 and 30 degree C during the presumed thermosensitive period. These results will be useful to marine turtle hatcheries which seek to manipulate sex ratios among their neonates.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1983/acte-1241.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1241/

Éditeur(s) : Public Library Science
Résumé : Where conservation resources are limited and conservation targets are diverse, robust yet flexible priority-setting frameworks are vital. Priority-setting is especially important for geographically widespread species with distinct populations subject to multiple threats that operate on different spatial and temporal scales. Marine turtles are widely distributed and exhibit intra-specific variations in population sizes and trends, as well as reproduction and morphology. However, current global extinction risk assessment frameworks do not assess conservation status of spatially and biologically distinct marine turtle Regional Management Units (RMUs), and thus do not capture variations in population trends, impacts of threats, or necessary conservation actions across individual populations. To address this issue, we developed a new assessment framework that allowed us to evaluate, compare and organize marine turtle RMUs according to status and threats criteria. Because conservation priorities can vary widely (i.e. from avoiding imminent extinction to maintaining long-term monitoring efforts) we developed a "conservation priorities portfolio" system using categories of paired risk and threats scores for all RMUs (n = 58). We performed these assessments and rankings globally, by species, by ocean basin, and by recognized geopolitical bodies to identify patterns in risk, threats, and data gaps at different scales. This process resulted in characterization of risk and threats to all marine turtle RMUs, including identification of the world's 11 most endangered marine turtle RMUs based on highest risk and threats scores. This system also highlighted important gaps in available information that is crucial for accurate conservation assessments. Overall, this priority-setting framework can provide guidance for research and conservation priorities at multiple relevant scales, and should serve as a model for conservation status assessments and priority-setting for widespread, long-lived taxa.
Plos One (1932-6203) (Public Library Science), 2011-09 , Vol. 6 , N. 9 , P. 1-14

Droits : 2011 Wallace et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00050/16097/13573.pdf
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0024510
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00050/16097/

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Dans le cadre de cet article introductif au dossier thématique sur les ressources marines, les auteurs rappellent les enjeux liés aux usages et types de consommation, à leurs modalités de protection et systèmes de gouvernance. Ils rappellent leur importance environnementale, sociale, mais aussi économique pour bon nombre de pays et de communautés côtières. Ils mettent l’accent sur les actions déjà mises en œuvre et sur la nécessité d’approfondir les connaissances dans ce domaine.
In this introductory article of the issue paper on marine resources, the authors review the issues with usage and consumption patterns, in terms of protection and governance systems. They stress their environmental significance, social but also economic for many country and coastal communities. They focus on the actions already implemented and the need to deepen knowledge in this field.
Caraïbes

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.4475
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/4475

Éditeur(s) : Editions de l'ORSTOM
Résumé : A research programm on the marine green turtle Chelonia mydas nesting on the two major reproduction sites for the species in the Indian Ocean, conducled over last 15 years, included intensive tagging programm. Processing of these lagging data provides estimations of adult female populations {or each site and season from two independent methods. First classical method is the ratio of total number of nests produced over a define time on the mean individual number of nests by female during the same time (November, December, January). The computed mean individual number ranges from 3 to 3.5 obtained over 2 to 3 months. The second method is the multiple capture-recapture method (JOLLY, 1965; SEBER, 1965; MANLY, 1984). Il is an original tentative of applying this method for the daily estimation of females number on a nesting site. The results obtained suggest this method to be applied for the species on other sites and to other marine turtle species. Population estimates obtained by these two independent methods are coherent Roughly, the two populations through seasonal nesting activity appear in wealthy state with a mean estimation number of 850 to 1100 females for Tromelin and more variable eslimations ranging from 2000 lo 11 000 females by season for Europa, considering lhe three major nesting months: November to January
Un programme d'observations sur les populations de tortue verte marine Chelonia mydas pondant sur les deux sites de ponte majeurs de l'espèce dans l'océan Indien, Tromelin et Europa, comportait notamment un programme intensif de marquage. L'exploitation de ces données de marquage a permis de réaliser des estimations du nombre de femelles pondant sur chaque site par deux méthodes différentes. La première méthode est celle, classiquement utilisée, du rapport entre le nombre total de pontes déposées pour une période donnée et le nombre moyen de pontes par femelle durant le même temps. On démontre que le nombre moyen individuel de ponte est de l'ordre de 3 à 3,5 pontes par saison. La deuxième méthode est celle des estimations par marquages-recaptures multiples (J OLL Y -SEBER, 1965; MANLY, 1984). C'est une utilisation originale de cette méthode pour l'estimation journalière des populations de tortues femelles sur un site de ponte, qui doit pouvoir être appliquée sur d'autres sites pour la même espèce et pour d'autres espèces de tortues marines. Les résultats obtenus par ces deux méthodes différentes sont cohérents. Schématiquement, on peut conclure à deux populations abondantes de 850 à 1 ZOO femelles sur Tromelin par saison et des estimations moyennes variant de 2 000 à Il 000 tortues par saison pour l'ensemble des plages d'Europa pour les trois mois principaux de ponte par saison: novembre à janvier.
Océanographie tropicale (0245-9418) (Editions de l'ORSTOM), 1986 , Vol. 21 , N. 1 , P. 3-22

Droits : ORSTOM
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00113/22406/20103.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00113/22406/

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Le milieu marin de la Mer des Caraïbes est composé de trois écosystèmes principaux : les récifs coralliens, les mangroves et les herbiers, qui abritent une faune et une flore exceptionnelles. Mais l’équilibre fragile de ces espaces est menacé par les nombreuses activités humaines qui les dégradent progressivement. Face aux enjeux socio-économiques qu’ils représentent pour les pays caribéens, ces derniers ont établi un cadre juridique à l’échelle régionale pour la protection et la gestion de leur ressource marine, la Convention de Carthagène. Après avoir dressé un tableau de la situation environnementale des principaux écosystèmes marins caribéens, il convient de faire un point sur les modes de gestion mis en œuvre pour les préserver.
The marine environment of the Caribbean Sea is composed primarily of three main ecosystems: coral reefs, mangroves and seagrasses, home to fauna and flora. But the delicate balance of these areas is threatened by many human activities that deteriorate gradually deteriorated them. Deal with socio-economic issues around these resources, Caribbean countries have established a legal framework at the regional level to ensure the protection and management of marine resources (the Cartagena Convention). After drawing up an overview of the environmental situation of the main Caribbean marine ecosystems, it should present the management mode adopted to preserve them.
Caraïbes

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.4343
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/4343

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Sci Ltd
Résumé : Bycatch of endangered marine turtles is a growing issue for the management of all fisheries, including the oceanic purse-seine fishery. The aim of this study was to assess the spatial and temporal variation in bycatch rates of these species in the entire European purse-seine fishery operating in the Atlantic and Indian oceans. The study was based on data collected through observer programs from 1995 to 2011. During that period, a total of 15 913 fishing sets were observed, including 6 515 on Drifting Fish Aggregating Devices (DFADs) and 9 398 on free swimming schools, representing a global coverage of 10.3% and 5.1% of the total fishing activity in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean, respectively. Moreover, from 2003 to 2011, 14 124 specific observations were carried out on DFADs to check turtle entanglement in the net covering DFADs. We found that the purse-seine fishery has a very low impact on marine turtles. We estimated that the annual number of individuals incidentally captured was 218 (SD = 150) and 250 (SD = 157) in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean, respectively, with more than 75% being released alive. The present study also investigated the impact of DFADs; which is considered a key conservation issue for this fishery. Drifting objects may play a key role in aggregating juveniles of marine turtles, implying the need for improving their construction to avoid entanglement (e.g. avoiding nets in the structure); however, based on our study it is not the main source of incidental captures of marine turtles in this fishery.
Biological Conservation (0006-3207) (Elsevier Sci Ltd), 2014-10 , Vol. 178 , P. 74-87

Droits : 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00206/31760/30632.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.biocon.2014.06.020
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00206/31760/

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Durant des siècles, les tortues marines ont procuré une source importante de nourriture, notamment de protéines, pour les populations côtières ainsi qu’une source de revenus. Aujourd’hui, elles sont une composante importante de plusieurs cultures à travers le monde et revêtent une signification symbolique importante pour certaines populations insulaires, notamment dans les Petites Antilles.La raréfaction des populations de tortues de mer octroie à ces dernières un certain intérêt touristique, par exemple dans le cadre d’expériences écotouristiques. Cette espèce emblématique peut d’une certaine manière participer à la protection des océans et des récifs coralliens. Dans ce nouveau contexte, leur valeur économique et environnementale est reconsidérée.
During centuries the marine turtles were considered an important resource for food and protein and for the coastal populations and were also a source of revenue .Today they are a major composition of many cultures around the world and have a very symbolical signification for some island populations in the lesser Antilles.The rarefactions of those turtles give them a certain interest for tourists for example and for ecotourism experiences. This symbolical aspect can participate in the protection of oceans and coral reefs this new context their value economical and environmental is re- considered.
Caraïbes

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.6656
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/6656

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : La Martinique possède 55 km2 de récifs coralliens, 50 d’herbiers et 20 de mangroves. Ces trois écosystèmes produisent des biens et services dont la valeur est estimée à quelque 250 millions d’euros par an. Près de 60 % de cette valeur est issue des usages directs liés aux activités récréatives (plongée, excursion, récréation balnéaire) induites pour l’essentiel par le tourisme et celles liées à la pêche (professionnelle et de plaisancière). Les services écosystémiques (assimilés aux usages indirects) tels que la protection des côtes, l’absorption/séquestration de carbone, la production de biomasse de poissons et l’épuration de l’eau sont conséquents puisque leur valeur annuelle s’élève à 94 millions € soit 38 % de la valeur totale. La valeur de ce qui a trait au non-usage des récifs, herbiers et mangroves (lié à la volonté de transmettre un patrimoine écologique pour l’essentiel ou encore à la satisfaction de savoir que les récifs sont en bon état) se traduit par une création de valeur de l’ordre de 10 millions €/an. Les herbiers et les mangroves contribuent le plus (par km2) à la création de valeur (respectivement 2,16 millions €/km2, 1,87 million €/km2 contre 1,78 million €/km2 pour les récifs). Ils doivent donc bénéficier de mesures de protection et surtout de valorisation au même titre que les récifs coralliens qui font déjà l’objet d’une attention particulière.
Martinique possesses 55 km2 of coral reefs, 50 of sea grass and 20 of mangroves. These three ecosystems produce services for a value estimated at 250 millions € per year. About 60% of this value originates from directs uses such as recreational activities (diving, excursions, beach activities, etc.) induce by tourism and fishery. Ecosystem services (indirect uses) such as coastal protection, carbon sequestration, biomass production and water purification are significant since their sum value reaches annually 94 millions € (38% of the total economic value). Non-use value links to the improvement of the health of coastal ecosystem is estimated to 10 millions € per year. At the ecosystem level, sea grass and mangrove contribute the more (per km2) to the wealth creation (respectively 2,16 millions €/km2, 1,87 million €/km2 against 1,78 million €/km2 for the reefs). They need therefore to benefit from protection and management measures in the same magnitude than the reefs already received.
Martinique

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.4410
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/4410