Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Persistent organic pollutants may affect the immune and respiratory systems, but available evidence is based on small study populations. We studied the association between prenatal exposure to dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyl 153 (PCB 153) and children's respiratory health in European birth cohorts. METHODS: We included 4608 mothers and children enrolled in 10 birth cohort studies from 7 European countries. Outcomes were parent-reported bronchitis and wheeze in the first 4 years of life. For each cohort, we performed Poisson regression analyses, modeling occurrences of the outcomes on the estimates of cord-serum concentrations of PCB 153 and DDE as continuous variables (per doubling exposure) and as cohort-specific tertiles. Summary estimates were obtained through random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS: The risk of bronchitis or wheeze (combined variable) assessed before 18 months of age increased with increasing DDE exposure (relative risk [RR] per doubling exposure = 1.03 [95% confidence interval = 1.00-1.07]). When these outcomes were analyzed separately, associations appeared stronger for bronchitis. We also found an association between increasing PCB 153 exposure and bronchitis in this period (RR per doubling exposure = 1.06 [1.01-1.12]) but not between PCB 153 and wheeze. No associations were found between either DDE or PCB 153 and ever-wheeze assessed after 18 months. Inclusion of both compounds in the models attenuated risk estimates for PCB 153 tertiles of exposure, whereas DDE associations were more robust. CONCLUSION: This large meta-analysis suggests that prenatal DDE exposure may be associated with respiratory health symptoms in young children (below 18 months), whereas prenatal PCB 153 levels were not associated with such symptoms.
Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)

hal-01063930
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01063930
DOI : 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000097
PUBMED : 24776790

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : Coarse woody debris (CWD, dead wood sections a parts per thousand yen10 cm diameter) represents a large store of carbon in tropical forests; however, estimates of the flux of carbon from CWD in these forests remain poorly constrained. The objective of this study was to resolve the dry/wet season response of respiration in CWD (R (cwd)), and investigate the importance of biotic and abiotic factors for predicting the seasonal change of R (cwd) at the ecosystem level. This study presents a 4-month time series of R (cwd) measurements conducted on 42 dead trees (26 species) at the Paracou Research Station in French Guiana. R (cwd) measurements were repeated 13 times on each CWD sample from July to November 2011, spanning the transition from wet to dry season, and then from dry season to the following wet season. Seasonal drought caused monthly R (cwd) to drop by 20.5 +/- A 5.1% over the wet-dry transition. Changes in woody tissue moisture content explained 41.9% of the measured seasonal variability in R (cwd), but 60% of the seasonal variability in mean forest R (cwd) rates could be modelled using surface soil water content. We estimate that R (cwd) is approximately 5% of annual ecosystem respiration (R (eco)) and that seasonal variations in R (cwd) contribute appreciably to seasonal variations of R (eco), and should be included in functional models simulating the response of tropical rainforest ecosystems to current and future climate.
ISSN: 1432-9840

hal-01032431
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032431
DOI : 10.1007/s10021-013-9684-x

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Purpose: Social inequalities in cancer incidence and mortality have been reported in France, but no data are available for the French overseas territories. Our objective was to explore the association between cancer incidence and the socioeconomic level of the residence area in the French West Indies. Methods: Cancer incidence data were obtained from the cancer registries of Guadeloupe and Martinique (2009–2010). To assess socioeconomic status, we developed a specific index of social deprivation from census data at a small area level. We used Bayesian methods to evaluate the association between cancer incidence and the deprivation index, for all cancers combined and for the major cancer sites. Results: There was no clear association between area‐based deprivation and the incidence of all cancers combined. In men, higher area deprivation was associated with a higher incidence of prostate cancer (relative risk (RR) 1.25, 95% credible interval (CI) 1.04–1.49; RR 1.08, CI 0.91–1.29 in the categories of intermediate and high deprivation, respectively, compared to low deprivation), but was not associated with respiratory cancer. Women living in the most deprived areas had a higher incidence of stomach (RR 1.77, CI 1.12–2.89), breast (RR 1.15, CI 0.90–1.45), and cervical (RR 1.13, CI 0.63–2.01) cancers and a lower incidence of respiratory cancer (RR 0.65, CI 0.38–1.11). Conclusion: These first results in the French West Indies suggest specific patterns for some cancer sites that need to be further investigated. © 2017, Springer International Publishing AG.
Cancer Causes and Control

hal-01671494
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01671494
DOI : 10.1007/s10552-017-0946-3
PUBMED : 28849411

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
We explored the relationship between soil processes, estimated through soil respiration (Rsoil), and the spatial variation in forest structure, assessed through the distribution of tree size, in order to understand the determinism of spatial variations in Rsoil in a tropical forest. The influence of tree size was examined using an index (Ic) calculated for each tree as a function of (1) the trunk cross section area and (2) the distance from the measurement point. We investigated the relationships between Ic and litterfall,root mass and Rsoil, respectively. Strong significant relationships were found between Ic and both litterfall and root mass. Rsoil showed a large range of variations over the 1-ha experimental plot, from 1.5 to 12.6 gC m−2 d−1. The best relationship between Ic and Rsoil only explained 17% of the spatial variation in Rsoil. These results support the assumption that local spatial patterns in litter production and root mass depend on tree distribution in tropical forests. Our study also emphasizes the modest contribution of tree size distribution-which is mainly influenced by the presence of the biggest trees (among the large range size of the inventoried trees greater than 10 cm diameter at 1.30 m above ground level or at 0.5 m above the buttresses)-in explaining spatial variations in Rsoil.
ISSN: 0032-079X

hal-00797064
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00797064

Éditeur(s) : Inter-research
Résumé : Benthic primary production and respiration were investigated at 4 sites representative of the major coastal communities bordering the Sahara Desert in the Banc d'Arguin, Mauritania, Western Africa. These sites correspond to intertidal Zostera noltii beds (270 km(2)), intertidal bare sediments (88 km(2)), subtidal Cymodocea nodosa beds (374 km(2)), and subtidal bare sediments (311 km(2)). At each site, production-irradiance relationships were established in situ in November 2008 and January 2010, and used to calculate daily carbon fluxes for these communities. In intertidal areas, compared to emersion, the gross maximal photosynthetic rates for Z. noltii bed and bare sediment communities were on average 8-and 7-fold higher during immersion, respectively; community respiration rates were 3-and 18-fold higher during immersion, respectively. The Z. noltii bed was autotrophic during the 2 study periods, with a mean (+/- 95% probability limit) daily net community production of 71.3 +/- 58.6 mmol C m(-2) d(-1). Conversely, net community production was always negative in intertidal regions and subtidal bare sediments (average -7.3 +/- 46.7 mmol C m(-2) d(-1) and -47.0 +/- 38.9 mmol C m(-2) d(-1), respectively); the C. nodosa bed was negative in November (-96.2 +/- 85.1 mmol C m(-2) d(-1)) and positive in January (33.4 +/- 82.6 mmol C m(-2) d(-1)). Community respiration was highest in subtidal communities, indicating active mineralization of organic matter and demonstrating that Z. noltii beds are likely to increase the bio logical richness of the Banc d'Arguin by exporting energy. Our results confirm the ecological importance of seagrass beds in the net coastal carbon fluxes and justify their protection.
Marine Ecology Progress Series (0171-8630) (Inter-research), 2014 , Vol. 501 , P. 11-23

Droits : Inter-Research 2014 · www.int-res.com
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00189/29987/28496.pdf
DOI:10.3354/meps10683
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00189/29987/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Previous studies have reported respiratory, cardiac and muscle changes at rest in triathletes 24 h after completion of the event. To examine the effects of these changes on metabolic and cardioventilatory variables during exercise, eight male triathletes of mean age 21.1 (SD 2.5) years (range 17-26 years) performed an incremental cycle exercise test (IET) before (pre) and the day after (post) an official classic triathlon (1.5-km swimming, 40-km cycling and 10-km running). The IET was performed using an electromagnetic cycle ergometer. Ventilatory data were collected every minute using a breath-by-breath automated system and included minute ventilation (V(E)), oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), respiratory exchange ratio, ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (V(E)/VO2) and for carbon dioxide (V(E)/VCO2), breathing frequency and tidal volume. Heart rate (HR) was monitored using an electrocardiogram. The oxygen pulse was calculated as VO2/HR. Arterialized blood was collected every 2 min throughout IET and the recovery period, and lactate concentration was measured using an enzymatic method. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was determined using conventional criteria. Ventilatory threshold (VT) was determined using the V-slope method formulated earlier. Cardioventilatory variables were studied during the test, at the point when the subject felt exhausted and during recovery. Results indicated no significant differences (P > 0.05) in VO2max [62.6 (SD 5.9) vs 64.6 (SD 4.8) ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)], VT [2368 (SD 258) vs 2477 (SD 352) ml x min(-1)] and time courses of VO2 between the pre- versus post-triathlon sessions. In contrast, the time courses of HR and blood lactate concentration reached significantly higher values (P < 0.05) in the pre-triathlon session. We concluded that these triathletes when tested 24 h after a classic triathlon displayed their pre-event aerobic exercise capacity, bud did not recover pretriathlon time courses in HR or blood lactate concentration.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY

hal-00720432
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720432
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720432/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720432/file/Article_2.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Diploid budding yeast undergoes rapid mitosis when it ferments glucose, and in the presence of a non-fermentable carbon source and the absence of a nitrogen source it triggers sporulation. Rich medium with acetate is a commonly used pre-sporulation medium, but our understanding of the molecular events underlying the acetate-driven transition from mitosis to meiosis is still incomplete. We identified 263 proteins for which mRNA and protein synthesis are linked or uncoupled in fermenting and respiring cells. Using motif predictions, interaction data and RNA profiling we find among them 28 likely targets for Ume6, a subunit of the conserved Rpd3/Sin3 histone deacetylase-complex regulating genes involved in metabolism, stress response and meiosis. Finally, we identify 14 genes for which both RNA and proteins are detected exclusively in respiring cells but not in fermenting cells in our sample set, including CSM4, SPR1, SPS4 and RIM4, which were thought to be meiosis-specific. Our work reveals intertwined transcriptional and post-transcriptional control mechanisms acting when a MATa/α strain responds to nutritional signals, and provides molecular clues how the carbon source primes yeast cells for entering meiosis. Our integrated genomics study provides insight into the interplay between the transcriptome and the proteome in diploid yeast cells undergoing vegetative growth in the presence of glucose (fermentation) or acetate (respiration). Furthermore, it reveals novel target genes involved in these processes for Ume6, the DNA binding subunit of the conserved histone deacetylase Rpd3 and the co-repressor Sin3. We have combined data from an RNA profiling experiment using tiling arrays that cover the entire yeast genome, and a large-scale protein detection analysis based on mass spectrometry in diploid MATa/α cells. This distinguishes our study from most others in the field-which investigate haploid yeast strains-because only diploid cells can undergo meiotic development in the simultaneous absence of a non-fermentable carbon source and nitrogen. Indeed, we report molecular clues how respiration of acetate might prime diploid cells for efficient spore formation, a phenomenon that is well known but poorly understood.
ISSN: 1874-3919

hal-01122122
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01122122
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01122122/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01122122/file/Integrated%20RNA-%20and%20protein%20profiling%20of%20fermentation.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.01.015

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Thieme Publishing
Résumé : International audience
To determine the effect of triathlete performance level on the cardiorespiratory responses elicited by the cycle-run succession, eight regionally and nationally-ranked (Competitive) and five internationally-ranked (Elite) male triathletes underwent four successive laboratory trials: 1) an incremental treadmill test, 2) an incremental cycle test, 3) 30 min of cycling followed by 20 min of running (C-R), and 4) a 20-min control run (R) at the same speed as the run in C-R. Before and 10 min after the third and fourth trials the triathletes underwent lung function testing: spirometry and diffusing capacity testing for carbon monoxide (DL(CO)). During the C-R trial blood samples were drawn to measure venous lactate concentration. During all trials ventilatory data were collected every minute using an automated breath-by-breath system. The results showed that 1) the oxygen uptake (VO2) of post-cycling running versus running alone was similar for both groups; 2) the ventilatory responses (VE, VE/VO2, VE/VC02 and f) of C-R running versus R were significantly higher (P < 0.005) for the Competitive group; and 3) a significant decrease (P< 0.05) in DL(CO) was also noted after the C-R trial in the Competitive group but not in the Elite group. We concluded that 1) the ventilatory responses during a run subsequent to cycling may be related to the triathlete performance level, and 2) the C-R trial induced specific alterations in pulmonary function that may be associated with respiratory muscle alteration and exercise-induced hypoxemia in the Competitive triathletes.
ISSN: 0172-4622

hal-00720719
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720719

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé :  
Tree species-rich tropical rainforests are characterized by a highly variable quality of leaf litter input to the soil at small spatial scales. This diverse plant litter is a major source of energy and nutrients for soil microorganisms, particularly in rainforests developed on old and nutrient-impoverished soils. Here we tested the hypothesis that the variability in leaf litter quality produced by a highly diverse tree community determines the spatial variability of the microbial respiration process in the underlying soil. We analyzed a total of 225 litter-soil pairs from an undisturbed Amazonian rainforest in French Guiana using a hierarchical sampling design. The microbial respiration process was assessed using substrateinduced respiration (SIR) and compared to a wide range of quality parameters of the associated litter layer (litter nutrients, carbon forms, stoichiometry, litter mass and pH). The results show that the variability of both litter quality and SIR rates was more important at large than at small scales. SIR rates varied between 1.1 and 4.0 mg g_1 h_1 and were significantly correlated with litter layer quality (up to 50% of the variability explained by the best mixed linear model). Total litter P content was the individual most important factor explaining the observed spatial variation in soil SIR, with higher rates associated to high litter P. SIR rates also correlated positively with total litter N content and with increasing proportions of labile C compounds. However, contrary to our expectation, SIR rates were not related to litter stoichiometry. These data suggest that in the studied Amazonian rainforest, tree canopy composition is an important driver of the microbial respiration process via leaf litter fall, resulting in potentially strong plant-soil feedbacks. .
ISSN: 0038-0717

hal-01032139
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032139
DOI : 10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.01.018

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Objective To guide nosology and classification of patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) based on phenotype and presence or absence of ANCA. Methods Organ manifestations and ANCA status were retrospectively analyzed based on the presence or not of predefined definite vasculitis features or surrogates of vasculitis in patients asthma, eosinophilia, and at least one systemic organ manifestation attributable to systemic disease. Results The study population included 157 patients (mean age 49.4 ± 14.1), with a follow-up of 7.4 ± 6.4 years. Patients with ANCA (31%) more frequently had weight loss, myalgias, arthralgias, biopsy-proven vasculitis, glomerulonephritis on biopsy, hematuria, leukocytoclastic capillaritis and/or eosinophilic infiltration of arterial wall on biopsy, and other renal disease. A total of 41% of patients had definite vasculitis manifestations (37%) or strong surrogates of vasculitis (4%), of whom only 53% had ANCA. Mononeuritis multiplex was associated with systemic vasculitis (p = 0.005) and with the presence of ANCA (p < 0.001). Overall, 59% of patients had polyangiitis as defined by definite vasculitis, strong surrogate of vasculitis, mononeuritis multiplex, and/or ANCA with at least one systemic manifestation other than ENT or respiratory. Patients with polyangiitis had more systemic manifestations including arthralgias (p = 0.02) and renal disease (p = 0.024), had higher peripheral eosinophilia (p = 0.027), and a trend towards less myocarditis (p = 0.057). Using predefined criteria of vasculitis and surrogates of vasculitis, ANCA alone were found to be insufficient to categorise patients with vasculitis features. Conclusion We suggest a revised nomenclature and definition for EGPA and a new proposed entity referred to as hypereosinophilic asthma with systemic (non vasculitic) manifestations. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
Autoimmunity Reviews

hal-01467544
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01467544
DOI : 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.09.018
PUBMED : 27671089

Éditeur(s) : ISTPM
Résumé : This paper is a part of a study concerned with shellfish culture in France. Before presenting improvements in technique, the author gives fundamentals of the biology of oyster and mussels taxonomy and anatomy, respiration, feeding, reproduction, growth, predators and diseases.
SOMMAIRE ------------------ L'HUITRE ------------------ INTRODUCTION CHAPITRE I. TAXONOIVIIE ET ANATOMIE DES HUITRES 1. Taxonomie des huîtres vivant dans ie monde Introduction et rappel historique Les genres (Pycnodonta, Crassostrea, Ostrea) Les principales espèces et leur répartition dans le monde 2. Anatomie de l'huître La coquille Le corps BIBLIOGRAPHIE CHAPITRE II - LE TRANSPORT DE L'EAU ET LA RESPIRATION 1. Le transport de l'eau . Mécanisme Méthodes de mesure du courant de transnort Quantités d'eau transportées 2. La respiration 3. L'anaérobiose . BIBLIOGRAPHIE CHAPITRE III. ALIMENTATION ET VERDISSEMENT DES COQUILLAGES 1. Alimentation des coquillages Anatomic des « coquillages » et leur alimentation 1. La collecte des particules alimentaires 2. L'appareil digestif: et la digestion Besoins alimentaires 1. Besoins quantitatifs 2. Nature des aliments. Besoins qualitatifs Conclusion générale 2. Le verdissement Le verdissement. Biologie de Navicula ostrearia La navicule des huîtres, agent du verdissement Le verdissement dans les claires L'écologie des claires en rapport avec la définition du verdissement Données récentes sur la genèse du verdisîsement La navicule bleue de l'huître : ultrastructure du frustule, cytologie, développement . . Derniers résultats sur les conditions d'apparition et de maintien du verdissement en cultures in vitro et en claires Conclusion BIBLIOGRAPHIE CHAPITRE IV. - LA REPRODUCTION Généralités Anatomie des organes de reproduction La sexualité des huîtres La ponte Incubation et émission des larves Fécondité Rythmes sexuels, influence du milieu Les rythmes Périodicité et durée des émissions de gamètes Influence du milieu OEufs et larves Influence de l'environnement sur la vie larvaire Métamorphose et fixation BIBLIOGRAPHIE CHAPITRE V. LES ENNEMIS DE L'HUITRE ET DE L'OSTREICULTURE Les prédateurs Le ver plat, Stylochus sp Les bigorneaux perceurs Autres gastéropodes prédateurs Les pieuvres Les crustacés Les échinodevmes Les poissons Les oiseaux Les compétiteurs Animaux Végétaux Le chambrage BIBLIOGRAPHIE CHAPITRE VI. - MALADIES ET MORTALITES 1. Maladies parasitaires Parasites divers Grégarines Trématodes Cestodes Copépodes Maladies à caractère endémique ou épidémique Les viroses Les champignons La maladie des branchies Les flagellés ; Hexamita sp Les haplosporidies La maladie de la glande digestive de l'huître plate et son agent, Marteilia refringens La maladie de Malpèque 2. Mortalités d'origines diverses Variations excessives de la température Variations excessives de la salinité Eutrophisation Mortalités du Belon Mortalité massive de la baie de Matsushima BIBLIOGRAPHIE ------------------ LA MOULE ------------------ TaxonoiTiie La coquille Le corps Alimentation. Croissance. Engraissement La filtration Mécanisme . . . . Action de la température, de la salinité et de l'oxygène dissous Durée journalière Vitesse de filtration Les éléments nutritifs La digestion La croissance L'engraissement La reproduction Glande génitale et sexe Evolution de la gonade Description des phénomènes Facteurs influençant l'évolution de la gonade Emission des produits génitaux Description du phénomène Facteurs influençant l'émission des produits génitaux Vie larvaire Développement de la larve, sa métamorphose Taille des larves Comportement des larves Action de différents facteurs sur la vie des larves Fixation Résumé Les ennemis Prédateurs Compétiteurs Parasites Causes diverses de mortalité BIBLIOGRAPHIE
Revue des Travaux de l'Institut des Pêches Maritimes (0035-2276) (ISTPM), 1976-06 , Vol. 40 , N. 2 , P. 149-346

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1976/publication-1796.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1796/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : Understanding the pattern in spatial distribution of soil microbial processes is critical to understand the environmental factors that regulate them as well as to scale up these processes to ecosystem. Soil samples from a I ha tropical rainforest plot (Paracou, French Guiana) were analyzed according a nested sampling approach using different separation distances ranging from 0.4 to 40 m. The variability of substrate induced respiration (SIR) and of denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) was characterized in relation to various soil properties (total C and N contents, NIRS related index of soil organic matter quality, SOMQ and index of tree influence potential, IP). The variability of SIR and DEA was higher than that of environmental properties. The patterns of accumulated variance as a function of distance varied among the soil properties. The variability of SIR and DEA mainly occurred at small (1 m) scale (and at the 10-40 m-scales for SIR), probably reflecting the quality of litter input that results of the influence of local assemblage of different tree species, though changes in the soil N and C contents. Indeed, total soil C and N contents explained the microbial properties at every scale. Coefficients of codispersion showed that neither SOMQ nor IP did correlate with SIR and DEA, and confirmed that total C and N contents explained microbial properties in a scale dependent and complex manner. Such spatial dependency underlines the importance of soil heterogeneity in this tropical forest with implications for sampling strategies when studying the microbial processes and their response to disturbances. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
ISSN: 0016-7061

hal-01032409
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032409
DOI : 10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.12.009

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Carbon isotopic signature has been measured at the different stages of the soil CO2 efflux production in trenched and control plots to improve the knowledge about the physical and biochemical processes of the soil respiration. All the measurements of _13C have been performed using a mass-spectrometer.We have compared the isotopic signatures of the CO2 going out of the soil, the CO2 of the soil atmosphere, the organic carbon in the material that could be considered as the main soil respiration sources (live and dead roots, soil organic matter, aerial litter) and the CO2 produced by these sources in incubation jars. The aims of this study were to evaluate the possibilities to combine these different data sets to estimate the partitioning of soil respiration between its autotrophic and heterotrophic components, and to get more insight into potential fractionation during biochemical or diffusion processes. Measurements were conducted in a beech forest located at Hesse in the North East of France (site equipped with a flux tower and belonging to the CarboEurope network) and in a neotropical primary rainforest located at Paracou (French Guiana). Preliminary results show first a very tenuous difference between CO2 isotopic signatures of efflux coming from the trenched and control plots and, secondly, _13C significant divergences between bulk organic material and CO2 produced in the corresponding incubation jars. Our ability to use this kind of data for partitioning soil respiration into its main components will be discussed.
European Geosciences Union. General Assembly 2006
Vienne, Austria

hal-01032380
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032380

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Carbon isotopic signature has been measured at the different stages of the soil CO2 efflux production in trenched and control plots to improve the knowledge about the physical and biochemical processes of the soil respiration. All the measurements of d13C have been performed using a mass-spectrometer. We have compared the isotopic signatures of the CO2 going out of the soil, the CO2 of the soil atmosphere, the organic carbon in the material that could be considered as the main soil respiration sources (live and dead roots, soil organic matter, aerial litter) and the CO2 produced by these sources in incubation jars. The aims of this study were to evaluate the possibilities to combine these different data sets to estimate the partitioning of soil respiration between its autotrophic and heterotrophic components, and to get more insight into potential fractionation during biochemical or diffusion processes. Measurements were conducted in a beech forest located at Hesse in the North East of France (site equipped with a flux tower and belonging to the CarboEurope network) and in a neotropical primary rainforest located at Paracou (French Guiana). Preliminary results show first a very tenuous difference between CO2 isotopic signatures of efflux coming from the trenched and control plots and, secondly, d13C significant divergences between bulk organic material and CO2 produced in the corresponding incubation jars. Our ability to use this kind of data for partitioning soil respiration into its main components will be discussed.
AGU Fall Meeting
San Francisco, United States

hal-01032042
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032042

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Background: Influenza is an important cause of serious illness and death, particularly in elderly and high-risk groups. Objectives Aim of this study was to identify factors associated with poor outcomes among adults hospitalized in France for laboratory-confirmed seasonal influenza. Study design Patients hospitalized for influenza were identified in a prospective, multicenter study carried out in French hospitals during three consecutive influenza seasons (2012–2015). Influenza virus infection was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were compared according to the virus type and subtype. Risk factors for complications, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death were analyzed by backward stepwise logistic regression. Results The study population consisted of 566 patients, of whom 56% were older than 65 years and 82% had underlying chronic illnesses. Type A influenza viruses infected 422 patients (75%), including subtype H3N2 in 239 patients (57%). The prior vaccine coverage rate was 38%. Complications occurred in 255 patients (45%), consisting mainly of pneumonia (n = 143, 30%) and respiratory failure (n = 116, 20%). Eighty-three patients (15%) were admitted to an ICU, and the in-hospital mortality rate was 4% (n = 21). Sixty-six patients (12%) received oseltamivir. Age over 65 years was the only identified risk factor for complications. Risk factors for ICU admission were an absence of vaccination, no oseltamivir administration before admission, pre-existing chronic respiratory disease, and current smoking. Age over 65 years and ICU admission were risk factors for death. Conclusions Older individuals and patients with underlying conditions are most at risk of influenza complications. Vaccination and early oseltamivir administration, both of which are recommended for these patients, appear to reduce ICU admissions
ISSN: 1386-6532

hal-01302409
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01302409
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01302409/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01302409/file/Factors%20associated%20with%20poor%20outcomes.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.04.005

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
PURPOSE: Dairy farming is a risk factor for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We assessed the prevalence of farming-induced COPD (FI-COPD) using a new screening device, and we analyzed symptoms and occupational risk factors. METHODS: We performed on-site screening study of bronchial obstruction using an electronic mini-spirometer (EMS) on an entire population of dairy farmers (n = 147) from two villages in Brittany, France. Suspected bronchial obstruction (FEV1/FEV6 <0.8) was confirmed with standardized lung function tests (FEV1/FVC ≤0.7). We assessed past medical histories, respiratory symptoms, and occupational tasks of subjects with bronchial obstruction; asthmatics were defined as atopic and/or reversible; smoking-induced COPD patients were defined as non-reversible, non-atopic with smoking histories (≥5 PY); and FI-COPD patients were defined as non-reversible, non-atopic, and non-smokers. RESULTS: Using the EMS, 30.6% (n = 45) of dairy farmers were suspected of bronchial obstruction and underwent standardized spirometry. The FEV1/FEV6 ratio and FEV1/FVC ratio were in good agreement (r² = 0.66, P < 0.0001). The prevalence of confirmed bronchial obstruction was 9.5% (n = 14), which included 4 asthmatics, 3 smoking-induced COPD subjects, and 7 FI-COPD subjects. All the COPD patients were GOLD Stage II, and none were aware of their respiratory disease. Foddering duration was significantly higher in FI-COPD subjects compared with non-obstructive subjects, with 44 versus 17 min/day, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The EMS was a convenient mean of screening for bronchial obstruction, especially in on-site settings, and allowed us to diagnose FI-COPD in a non-spontaneously complaining dairy farmer population. Foddering was considered a significant risk factor.
ISSN: 0340-0131

hal-00872929
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00872929
DOI : 10.1007/s00420-011-0708-6
PUBMED : 21986906

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : L’art respire et inspire le monde, si bien qu’il ne peut être appréhendé isolément de son contexte, de son époque. La création contemporaine, quant à elle, par son caractère protéiforme et foisonnant, est le reflet singulier d’une planète devenue multipolaire et où, régulièrement, est mise en crise la notion de frontière. Au même moment, cette création est capable d’inventer des formes inédites, qui, à l’instar des utopies du xviiie siècle, ont pour vocation de construire de nouveaux espaces, de nouvelles contrées, sous l’angle d’un idéal mêlant éthique et esthétique. Dès lors, il convient de souligner sa possible faculté à « artialiser » le monde. Les biennales ou triennales, produits de l’industrie culturelle et par conséquent, sujettes aux effets de la mondialisation, ont rendu particulièrement visibles ces œuvres, en façonnant des territoires, des ar-t-chipels, suffisamment attractifs pour drainer, de fait, des flots de touristes en leur direction. Ce migra-r-teur, trouvant là des zones protégées, pourrait y expérimenter une possible façon d’habiter poétiquement un monde perçu comme inhospitalier.
Art feeds on and inspires the world so that it cannot be appreciated neither on its own nor out of its context. As for contemporary art by its protean character and its multiplicity, it is the spitting image of a planet that has become polarized where the notion of frontier is constantly changing. At the same time, contemporary art is capable of inventing original forms which, following the example of the xviiith century utopias, have the purpose of building new spaces, new territories, from the point of view of an ideal where ethics and aesthetics entertwine. Hence it is advisable to highlight its possible capacity to “artialise” the world. The biennial or triennal events, fruits of the cultural industry and consequently prone to the effects of globalisation, have made those pieces of art particularly visible, by shaping territories, ar-t-chipelagoes, attractive enough to draw, henceforth, flows of tourists in their direction. That migr-art-ist finding in those places, protected areas, could experiment there a potential way of living poetically in a world seen as hostile.
El arte respira e inspira al mundo de modo que no puede ser comprendido sin ser vinculado con su contexto, su época. La creación contemporánea por su parte, por su caracter proteiforme y abundante es el singular reflejo de un planeta que se ha vuelto multipolar donde se debate con frecuencia la noción de frontera. En el mismo momento, esta creación es capaz de inventar formar inéditas, que como las utopias del siglo xviii, tienen como vocación construir nuevos espacios, nuevos parajes en términos de un ideal a la vez ético y estético. Desde entonces, cabe subrayar su posible facultad para « artialiser » al mundo. Las bienales o trienales, productos de la industria cultural y por lo tanto sujetas a los efectos de la globalización han hecho visibles estas obras, al crear territorios, unos ar-te-chipielagos, lo suficientemente atractivos como para atraer a miles de turistas. Ese migrante del arte, al encontrar allí unas zonas protegidas podría experimentar una forma posible de ocupar poéticamente un mundo visto como inhóspito.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.11291
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/11291

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
This study investigated the clinical epidemiology and resistance mechanisms of Acinetobacter baumannii and characterised the clonal diversity of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) during an ICU-associated outbreak at Cayenne Hospital, French Guiana. All non-duplicate A. baumannii isolates from 2008 to 2014 were tested for antibiotic susceptibility by disk diffusion. Multilocus sequence typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and characterisation of carbapenemase-encoding genes were performed on CRAB. Of the 441 A. baumannii isolates, most were from males (54.0%) and were detected mainly from the ICU (30.8%) and medicine wards (21.8%). In the ICU, strains were mainly isolated from the respiratory tract (44.1%) and bloodstream (14.0%), whereas in medicine wards they mainly were from wound/drainage (36.5%) and bloodstream (25.0%). A. baumannii showed the greatest susceptibility to piperacillin/tazobactam (92.7%), imipenem (92.5%), colistin (95.6%) and amikacin (97.2%), being lower in the ICU and medicine wards compared with other wards. An outbreak of OXA-23-producing CRAB occurred in the 13-bed ICU in 2010. CRAB strains were more co-resistant to other antimicrobials compared with non-CRAB. Molecular genetics analysis revealed five sequence types [ST78, ST107 and ST642 and two new STs (ST830 and ST831)]. Analysis of PFGE profiles indicated cross-transmissions of CRAB within the ICU, between the ICU and one medicine ward during transfer of patients, and within that medicine ward. This study provides the first clinical and molecular data of A. baumannii from French Guiana and the Amazon basin. The ICU was the highest risk unit of this nosocomial outbreak of OXA-23-producing CRAB, which could subsequently disseminate within the hospital.
ISSN: 0924-8579

hal-01506828
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01506828
PUBMED : 27236843

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM)
Résumé : International audience
PURPOSE AND METHODS: To determine the effects of cycling on a subsequent triathlon run, nine male triathletes underwent four successive laboratory trials: 1) an incremental treadmill test, 2) an incremental cycle test, 3) 30 min of cycling followed by 5 km of running (C-R), and 4) 30 min of running followed by 5 km of running (R-R). Before and 10 min after the third and fourth trials, the triathletes underwent pulmonary function testing including spirometry and diffusing capacity testing for carbon monoxide (DL(CO)). During the C-R and R-R trials, arterialized blood samples were obtained to measure arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2). During all trials, ventilatory data were collected every minute using an automated breath-by-breath system. RESULTS: The results showed that 1) the oxygen uptake (VO2) observed during subsequent running was similar for the C-R and R-R trials; 2) the ventilatory response (VE) during the first 8 min of subsequent running was significantly greater in the C-R than in R-R trial (P < 0.05); 3) only the C-R trial induced a significant increase (P < 0.05) in residual volume (RV), functional residual capacity (FRC), and the ratio of residual volume to total lung capacity (RV/TLC); and 4) although a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in DL(CO) was noted after C-R, no difference between the two exercise trials was found for the maximal drop in PaO2. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that 1) the C-R trial induced specific alterations in pulmonary function that may be associated with respiratory muscle fatigue and/or exercise-induced hypoxemia, and 2) the greater VE observed during the first minute of running after cycling was due to the specificity of cycling. This reinforces the necessity for triathletes to practice multi-trial training to stimulate the physiological responses experienced during the swim-cycle and the cycle-run transitions.
ISSN: 0195-9131

hal-00720412
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720412
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720412/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720412/file/Article.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Objective: To estimate the social cost of respiratory cancers attributable to occupational risk factors in France in 2010. Methods: We estimated the number of cases ofrespiratory cancers attributable to each identified occupational risk factor according to the attributable fractions method. We also estimated direct (costs of hospital stays, drugs, outpatient care) and indirect costs (production losses) related to morbidity (absenteeism and presenteeism) and mortality (years of lost production). Production losses for paid work and unpaid domestic activities were taken into account. Results: The social cost of respiratory cancers (lung, larynx, sinonasal, pleural mesothelioma) attributable to exposure to asbestos, chromium, diesel engine exhaust, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, painting occupations (unidentified carcinogen), crystalline silica, wood and leather dust in France in 2010 was estimated to be between 960 and 1,866 million. The cost of lung cancer represents between 804 and 1,617 million. The three risk factors with the greatest impact are asbestos ((sic)530 to 890 million), diesel engine exhaust ((sic)227 to 394 million), and crystalline silica ( 116 to 268 million). Conclusion: These results provide a conservative estimate of the public health and economic burden of respiratory cancers attributable to occupational risk factors from a societal perspective.
ISSN: 0995-3914

hal-01659246
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01659246
DOI : 10.3917/spub.174.0509
PUBMED : 29034666