Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Public Health Association
Résumé : International audience
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a significant problem in the Caribbean, where many individuals have African and Asian forebears. However, reliable prevalence data and specific health care programs for SCD are often missing in this region. Closer collaboration between Caribbean territories initiated in 2006 to set up strategies to promote better equity in the health care system for SCD patients led to the formation of CAREST: the Caribbean Network of Researchers on Sickle Cell Disease and Thalassemia. We present the effectiveness of collaborations established by CAREST to promote SCD newborn screening programs and early childhood care, to facilitate health worker training and approaches for prevention and treatment of SCD complications, and to carry out inter-Caribbean research studies.
ISSN: 0090-0036

hal-01668331
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01668331
DOI : 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303078

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Background Acute splenic sequestration is one of the major clinical forms of sickle cell disease. This potentially life-threatening complication is defined by a rapid sequestration of sickle red blood cells in the spleen. Approximately 30% of young patients will develop this complication and 49% of them will have recurrences. Methods The decision tree method is a statistical method that can act as a medical decision tool in the case of a complex biological problem. The decision tree method is used here to determine the variables involved in the severity and recurrence of acute splenic sequestration crises. Results A prior decision tree shows that platelet level, variation in spleen size, patient age and hygrometry also called relative humidity define acute splenic sequestration severity. A second one shows that spleen size variation, atmospheric pressure and patient age define recurrence. Conclusions For the first time, biological and environmental parameters are combined to discover some interesting rules which can lead to more accurate evaluations of acute splenic sequestration severity and recurrence. Thus, this method provides a sharp diagnostic tool which could improve medical treatment for better patient care.
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00201460

hal-00201460
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00201460
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00201460v2/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00201460/file/DT_Marianne_v2.pdf

Éditeur(s) : Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd
Résumé : We report rare earth element (REE) and neodymium (Nd) isotope data for the organic fraction of sediments collected from various depositional environments, i.e. rivers (n=25), estuaries (n=18), open-ocean settings (n=15), and cold seeps (n=12). Sedimentary Organic Matter (SOM) was extracted using a mixed hydrogen peroxide/nitric acid solution (20%-H2O2 – 0.02M-HNO3), after removal of carbonate and oxy-hydroxide phases with dilute hydrochloric acid (0.25M-HCl). A series of experimental tests indicate that extraction of sedimentary organic compounds using H202 may be complicated occasionally by partial dissolution of sulphide minerals and residual carbonates. However, this contamination is expected to be minor for REE because measured concentrations in H2O2 leachates are about two-orders of magnitude higher than in the above mentioned phases. The mean REE concentrations determined in the H2O2 leachates for samples from rivers, estuaries, coastal seas and open-ocean settings yield relatively similar levels, with ΣREE = 109 ± 86 ppm (mean ± s; n=58). The organic fractions leached from cold seep sediments display even higher concentration levels (285 ± 150 ppm; mean ± s; n=12). The H2O2 leachates for most sediments exhibit remarkably similar shale-normalized REE patterns, all characterized by a mid-REE enrichment compared to the other REE. This suggests that the distribution of REE in leached sedimentary organic phases is controlled primarily by biogeochemical processes, rather than by the composition of the source from which they derive (e.g. pore, river or sea- water). The Nd isotopic compositions for organic phases leached from river sediments are very similar to those for the corresponding detrital fractions. In contrast, the SOM extracted from marine sediments display εNd values that typically range between the εNd signatures for terrestrial organic matter (inferred from the analysis of the sedimentary detrital fractions) and marine organic matter (inferred from the analysis of local surface seawater). A notable exception is the case of organic matter (OM) fractions leached from cold seep sediment samples, which sometimes exhibit εNd values markedly different from both terrigenous and surface seawater signatures. This suggests that a significant fraction of organic compounds in these sediments may be derived from chemosynthetic processes, recycling pore water REE characterized by a distinct isotopic composition. Overall, our results confirm that organic matter probably plays an important role in the oceanic REE budget, through direct scavenging and remineralization within the water column. Both the high REE abundances and the shape of shale-normalized patterns for leached SOM also suggest that OM degradation in sub-surface marine sediments during early diagenesis could control, to a large extent, the distribution of REE in pore waters. Benthic fluxes of organic-bound REE could hence substantially contribute to the exchange processes between particulates and seawater that take place at ocean margins. Neodymium isotopes could provide useful information for tracing the origin (terrestrial versus marine) and geographical provenance of organic matter, with potential applications in paleoceanography. In particular, future studies should further investigate the potential of Nd isotopes in organic compounds preserved in sedimentary records for reconstructing past variations of surface ocean circulation.
Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta (0016-7037) (Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd), 2014-09 , Vol. 140 , P. 177-198

Droits : 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00191/30250/28682.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.gca.2014.05.016
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00191/30250/

Éditeur(s) : Wiley-blackwell
Résumé : 1. Abiotic and biotic variables of coastal lagoons are highly heterogeneous in both space and time, and this heterogeneity complicates the assessment of their ecological status. These variables are essential to the monitoring and preservation of these fragile ecotones and the resources and services they sustain. 2. An integrative approach for evaluating the ecological status of coastal lagoons, based on field investigations of the key parameters driving their functioning and a set of selected ecological indicators matching lagoon management information needs for societal benefits, is investigated. Consistency in lagoon status evaluation from multiple and different variables was estimated, through a case study comparing three adjacent yet contrasting French Mediterranean shallow water lagoons. 3. French Mediterranean shallow water lagoons are used to demonstrate the potential of such an approach and to underline the need for a multi-faceted framework, for correctly evaluating lagoon status, and underlining the need for high-frequency lagoon monitoring to avoid errors in status assessment and resulting management plans. 4. Based on the results, a continuous monitoring system is proposed that would record high frequency biotic and abiotic data in the lagoons. The use of such an ad hoc observatory system, based on appropriate diagnostic indicators and risk estimators would simplify interactions between scientists and managers and would improve the efficiency of their analyses. 5. A lagoon management plan based on a holistic approach is proposed to help scientists and local managers to reach a consensus about the set of ecological indicators to monitor in the lagoons needed to assess their global health status in accordance with both conservation and/or societal needs. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aquatic Conservation-marine And Freshwater Ecosystems (1052-7613) (Wiley-blackwell), 2011-11 , Vol. 21 , N. 7 , P. 728-742

Droits : 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00056/16702/14202.pdf
DOI:10.1002/aqc.1231
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00056/16702/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Masson
Résumé : International audience
INTRODUCTION: Hydroxyurea is an antimetabolite drug used in the treatment of myeloproliferative disorders. Common adverse effects include haematological, gastrointestinal cutaneous manifestations, and fever. Hydroxyurea-induced pneumonitis is unusual. CASE REPORT: A female patient was treated with hydroxyurea for polycythemia vera. She was admitted 20 days after commencing treatment with a high fever, productive cough, clear sputum and nausea. A chest CT-scan showed diffuse ground-glass opacities. Microbiological investigations were negative. The symptoms disappeared a few days after discontinuation of the drug and rechallenge led to a relapse of symptoms. CONCLUSION: Our case and 15 earlier cases of hydroxyurea-induced pneumonitis are reviewed. Two patterns of this disease may exist: an acute febrile form occurring within 1 month of introduction of hydroxyurea and a subacute form without fever. Even if uncommon, one should be aware of this complication of hydroxyurea.
Revue des Maladies Respiratoires

hal-01072996
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01072996
DOI : 10.1016/j.rmr.2013.09.001
PUBMED : 24878159

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Academy of Pediatrics
Résumé : International audience
Vitamin D is an essential hormone for calcium gut absorption. It is also involved in child growth, cancer prevention, immune system responses, and tooth formation. Due to inadequate vitamin D intake and/or decreased sunlight exposure, vitamin D deficiency has resurfaced in developed countries despite known inexpensive and effective preventive methods. Vitamin D deficiency is a common cause of rickets, a condition that affects bone development in children and that can have serious dental complications. Deficiency during pregnancy can cause enamel hypoplasia of primary teeth. Enamel regeneration is currently impossible; hypoplasia is therefore irreversible, and once affected, teeth are prone to fast caries development. Deficiency during early childhood can affect permanent teeth and ensuing caries can sometimes lead to tooth loss at a young age. Oral manifestations of rickets should be diagnosed early by both physicians and dentists to prevent severe dental complications. This case study presents 2 young girls with rickets in early childhood who suffered from subsequent serious tooth decay.
ISSN: 0031-4005

hal-01545477
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01545477
DOI : 10.1542/peds.2013-0733

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Dans le cadre de l’intervention qui a été déclenchée pour venir en aide aux sinistrés du tremblement de terre en Haïti le 12 janvier dernier, la France a envoyé des moyens importants. Le déploiement de ces moyens comme celui de ceux envoyés par le reste de la communauté internationale s’est déroulé sur un territoire ravagé. En plus des difficultés liées aux destructions, il a été relativement difficile d’avoir une vision globale de la situation. L’absence quasi totale de moyens de communication sur place et l’interprétation faite par certains médias internationaux, d’évènements anodins ont également contribué à compliquer cette situation. Aujourd’hui, on énumère les actions et les projets, mais qu’en est-il de la situation sur le terrain ?
As part of the intervention was triggered to help victims of earthquake in Haiti on January 12 this year, France sent substantial resources. The deployment of these resources such as those sent by the rest of the international community took place on a ravaged territory. In addition to difficulties related to destruction, it was relatively difficult to obtain an overview of the situation. The almost total absence of means of communication on site and the interpretation made by some international media, benign events also helped to complicate the situation. Today, it lists the actions and projects, but what about the situation on the ground?
Port-au-Prince
Haïti

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.4832
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/4832

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD ACSM
Résumé : International audience
A 26-yr-old man with sickle cell trait (SCT) suddenly lost visual acuity in the left eye after a cycling race in hot tropical environment. The cause was massive central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) with hemorrhaging that rapidly worsened to neovascular glaucoma. Although medically treated, the eye is now marked by total retinal detachment. Cardiovascular function assessment shows no electrocardiographic abnormalities, no anomaly in the supra-aortic tree, and no evidence of structural heart disease. Although normal coagulation markers values (i.e., activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, fibrinogen concentration, antithrombin III, factor V, proteins C and S) were observed 2.5 months after the clinical event, a transesophageal echocardiogram performed few hours after the incident revealed the presence of four thrombi in the left atrium suggesting a postexercise hypercoagulable state at that time. Hemorheological measurements at distance of the events demonstrated high red blood cell rigidity at baseline. Therefore, marked blood rheological impairment and activation of the coagulation pathway in response to the heavy and prolonged cycling race could have promoted CRVO in this cyclist carrying SCT. These data suggest that SCT could be considered as a risk factor for significant ocular complications when severe exercise is performed and support the idea that SCT is a contributing factor in blood rheology and vascular dysfunctions.
Medicine & Science in Sports & exercise

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
hal-00698572
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00698572
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00698572/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00698572/file/Hedreville_et_al_revised_MSSE-D-08-00064R2.pdf
DOI : 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818313d0

Résumé : La drépanocytose est une hémoglobinopathie aux formes et aux sévérités cliniques très hétérogènes qui affectent de nombreux organes chez les patients touchés. Pour cette raison le terme de syndrome drépanocytaire majeur est généralement employé. Tous les syndromes drépanocytaires majeurs ont en commun une mutation ponctuelle du gène β-globine appelée mutation βs . Cette mutation βs conduit à la synthèse de la protéine d'hémoglobine S (HbS) caractérisée par sa capacité à polymériser dans sa forme désoxygénée. La polymérisation de l'HbS est l'élément déclencheur de la falciformation du globule rouge et conduit à de nombreuses altérations hématologiques et hémorhéologiques. Ces dernières sont à l'origine de troubles de l'hémodynamique, de l'oxygénation sanguine et de la perfusion tissulaire en oxygène. Il en résulte de nombreuses complications aigues (crise vaso-occlusive, accident vasculaire cérébral, syndrome thoracique aigu etc.) et/ou chroniques (glomérulopathie, ostéonécrose de la tête fémorale etc.) causés par un défaut d'oxygénation des tissus.
Sickle cell anemia is a hemoglobinopathy forms and severities very heterogeneous clinical affecting many organs in affected patients. For this reason the term major sickle cell syndrome is generally used. All major sickle cell syndromes have a common point mutation in the gene called β-globin mutation βs. This βs mutation leads to the synthesis of the protein hemoglobin S (HbS) is characterized by its ability to polymerize in its deoxygenated form. The polymerization of HbS is the trigger for the sickling of red blood cells and leads to many Hematological and hemorheological. These are at the origin of disorders hemodynamics, blood oxygenation and tissue perfusion with oxygen. This results in many acute complications (vaso-occlusive crisis, stroke, acute chest syndrome, etc..) And / or chronic (glomerulopathy, osteonecrosis of the femoral head etc.). Caused by a defect of tissue oxygenation.

http://www.theses.fr/2012AGUY0563/document

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Studies performed in the last decades have highlighted the need to better understand the contribution of the endothelium, vascular function, oxidative stress, inflammation, coagulation, hemolysis and vascular adhesion mechanisms to the pathophysiology of acute vaso-occlusive like events and chronic organ damages in sickle cell disease (SCD). Although SCD is a hemorheological disease, a few works focused on the contribution of blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, red blood cell deformability and aggregation in the pathophysiology of SCD. After a brief description of basic hemorheology, the present review focuses on the role of the hemorheological abnormalities in the causation of several SCD complications, mainly in sickle cell anemia and hemoglobin (Hb) SC disease. Several genetic and cellular modulators of blood rheology in SCD are discussed, as well as unresolved questions and perspectives.
ISSN: 0268-960X

hal-01668334
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01668334
DOI : 10.1016/j.blre.2015.08.005

Résumé : Cette étude a pour missions essentielles de comprendre et d’expliquer comment le passage d’une langue à une autre voire le mélange des deux codes langagiers qui se côtoient au sein de la population de la Guadeloupe, département français d’outre-mer, le français et le créole, peuvent, dans le cadre des échanges médicaux éducatifs, influencer la compréhension des mécanismes de la maladie par le patient, son acceptation et sa gestion.La justification de cette étude tient du constat que la prévalence de cette maladie chronique en Guadeloupe, l’asthme bronchique, est relativement importante, que la prise en charge reste perfectible malgré les recommandations de bonnes pratiques édictées par les sociétés savantes, et que certains patients ont du mal à comprendre les termes utilisés en français par leur médecin lors de l’annonce du diagnostic, ainsi que par les éducateurs chargés de leur apporter les outils de bonne gestion de cette maladie, ce qui n’est pas sans incidents en termes de morbidité et de mortalité.L’auteur décompose sa recherche autour de cinq grands thèmes :- La description du territoire d’étude, sur le plan géographico-climatique, historico-économique, sanitaire et social, la naissance d’une ère culturelle nouvelle générant une langue partagée par plus de 95% de la population et transmise au sein des familles et dans la communauté.- La présentation de l’éducation thérapeutique, démarche considérée par la communauté scientifique comme essentielle pour améliorer la prise en charge du patient et l’autogestion de la maladie, les plans gouvernementaux successifs traitant de cette matière.- L’état des connaissances sur l’asthme bronchique en France, dans le monde et en Guadeloupe plus particulièrement.- L’impact de la langue créole dans le processus de compréhension de la maladie à travers la relation soignant-soigné, et ses conséquences chez les natifs bilingues en termes d’acquisitions des outils d’autogestion en comparaison à l’utilisation du français.- La formulation de propositions de contextualisation didactique, tant en termes de formation des professionnels de santé par la préconisation de l’utilisation de la langue créole, par l’adaptation des outils psychopédagogiques au contexte local, que d’encouragement du patient à utiliser sa langue maternelle dans l’expression de ses ressentis.La recherche montre que la langue créole, utilisée autant au cours de la consultation par le médecin traitant et par le malade que pendant les séances d’éducation thérapeutique par les éducateurs et le public, influence les indicateurs de gestion de cette maladie.En conclusion, l’auteur défend l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’utilisation de la langue créole dans les échanges médicaux éducatifs chez les adolescents asthmatiques bilingues français-créole favoriserait la compréhension des mécanismes de la maladie asthmatique, la prise de conscience de sa gravité et la nécessité de se soigner pour éviter les complications, corollaire d’une bonne qualité de vie.
In Guadeloupe, a French Overseas Territory, the population uses French and Creole linguistic codes. The main goals of this thesis are to understand and to explain how a better use of French and Creole, within the framework of educational medical exchanges, can improve the understanding of the mechanisms of the disease by the patient, its acceptance and its management.The bronchial asthma is a chronic disease, which affects an important part of the Guadeloupian population. In spite of the recommendations promulgated by the medical scholars, the care of the patients can be improved in Guadeloupe. Certain patients have difficulty understanding the terms used in French by their doctor during the announcement of the diagnosis, as well as by the educators in charge of bringing them the tools of good management of this disease what is not without incidents in terms of morbidity and mortality.The author elaborates his research around five main themes:- The thorough description of the space studied in this thesis; the geography of the land, the history of the population, the impact of the economic; the presentation of the social and health care infrastructures; and furthermore the birth of a new cultural era generating a language shared by more than 95 % of the population and passed on within families and communities.- The presentation of the therapeutic education, the approach considered by the scientific community as essential to improve the management of the patient and the self-management of the disease, the successive governmental plans dealing with this subject.- The state of the knowledge on the bronchial asthma in France, in the world and in Guadeloupe more particularly.- The impact of the Creole language in the process of understanding of the disease within the healthcare relationships and its consequences at the bilingual natives in terms of acquisitions of the tools of self-management in comparison to the use of French.- The formulation of proposals of didactic contextualization regarding the training of the healthcare professionals; the recommendation to the healthcare workers to use the Creole language; the adaptation of the psycho-pedagogical tools to the local context; the encouragement to the patients to use their native language in the expression of their feelings.- Researches show that the Creole language used during the consultation by the regular doctor, but also during the educational sessions therapeutics by the educators influence the indicators of management of this disease. In conclusion, the author defends the hypothesis according to which, the use of the Creole language in the educational medical exchanges at the bilingual asthmatic teenagers French-Creole would favor the understanding of the mechanisms of the asthmatic disease, the awareness of its gravity and the necessity of looking after oneself to avoid the complications, corollary of a good quality of life.

http://www.theses.fr/2015AGUY0827/document

Éditeur(s) : ISTPM
Résumé : The Atlantic and Mediterranean members of the scorpaenidae family have always triggered numerous discussions about their reciprocious congenialities. Back in the (recent) days when the number of species known on the French coasts was still fairly low, the belonging of one species to such or such genus, as Helicolenus (Sebastes) dactylopterus DELAROCHE or Scorpaena maderensis Cuvier and Valenciennes, has been the subject of numerous articles of which the authors' conclusions might differ from one another, and even today light is still far from being shed on those topics. The difficulties met in the determination of scorpaenidae: similar general appearance, subtle differences, impossibility of comparing the samples with the types, incomplete or misinterpreted descriptions, have lead scientists to make hasty determinations resulting in: an even more complicated synonymy and incorrect data about the biogeography of the species. Thereby, the rockfish named Scorpaena rubellio by JORDAN and GUNN (I) is considered as a synonymous of S. maderensis Cuvier Valenciennes by J. R. NORMAN (2), and of S. porcus Linné by H. W. FOWLER (3). Likewise, the dispersion area of S. scrofa in Guinea, Niger and Sainte-Hélène, is caused by its confusion with other species such as S. stephanica, S. angolensis and S. scrofina. (unverified OCR)
Les représentants de la famille des Scorpénidés dans l'Atlantique et la Méditerranée ont toujours donné lieu à de nombreuses discussions au sujet de leurs affinités réciproques. A l'époque encore récente où le nombre des espèces connues des côtes de France était encore très réduit, la place dans tel ou tel genre d'espèces telles que Helicolenus (Sebastes) dactylopterus DELAROCHE ou Scorpaena maderensis Cuvier et Valenciennes, par exemple, ont provoqué des séries d'articles où les conclusions des auteurs successifs n'étaient pas toujours concordantes, et aujourd'hui encore la lumière est loin d'être faite sur bien des points. Les difficultés que l'on rencontre dans la détermination des Scorpénidés : grande ressemblance générale, différences parfois difficiles à saisir, impossibilité de comparer les échantillons d'étude aux types, obligation de se contenter de descriptions incomplètes .ou mal interprétées, ont trop souvent entraîné les chercheurs à des déterminations trop hâtives ayant comme résultats : de compliquer la synonymie et de fausser plus ou moins complètement les données acquises sur la biogéographie d'une espèce. C'est ainsi que la Scorpène appelée Scorpaena rubellio par JORDAN et GUNN (Il est considérée comme synonyme de S. maderensis Cuvier Valenciennes par J. R. NORMAN (2), et de S. porcus Linné par H. W. FOWLER (3). De même l'extension de l'aire de dispersion de S. scrofa en Guinée, au Niger et à Sainte-Hélène, est due à des confusions avec des espèces différentes telles que S. stephanica, S. angolensis et S. scrofina. (OCR non contrôlé)
Revue des Travaux de l'Institut des Pêches Maritimes (0035-2276) (ISTPM), 1943 , Vol. 13 , N. 1-4

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1943/publication-3420.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/3420/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
In this paper we investigate finite-frequency effects in crustal tomography. We developed an inversion procedure based on an exact numerical computation of the sensitivity kernels. In this approach we compute the 3D travel-time sensitivity kernels by using (1) graph theory and an additional bending to estimate accurately both rays and travel-times between source/receiver and diffraction points and (2) paraxial ray theory to estimate the amplitude along theses rays. We invert both the velocity and the hypocentre parameters, using these so-called banana-doughnut kernels and the LSQR iterative solver. We compare the ray-theoretical and the finite-frequency tomography to image the intermediate structures beneath the Gulf of Corinth (Greece), which has long been recognized as the most active continental rifting zone in the Mediterranean region. Our dataset consists of 451 local events with 9233 P- firstarrival times recorded in the western part of the Gulf (Aigion area) in the framework of the 3F-Corinth European project. Previous tomographic images showed a complex velocity crustal model and a low-dip surface that may accommodate the deformation. Accurate velocity models will help to better constrain the rifting process, which is still a subject of debate. The main results of this study show that finite-frequency tomography improves crustal tomographic images by providing better resolved images of the 3D complicated velocity structure. Because the kernels spread the information over a volume, finite-frequency tomography results in a sharpening of layer boundaries as we observed for the shallower part of the crust (down to 5 km depth) beneath the Gulf of Corinth.
ISSN: 0016-8025

insu-00354702
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00354702
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2478.2007.00683.x

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley-Blackwell
Résumé : International audience
The spatio‐temporal dynamics of disease spread provide an area of acute scientific interest but substantial analytic challenges. Analytic approaches need to draw from current knowledge of disease systems yet be flexible enough to provide targeted inference without restrictive assumptions. We explore this balance in detail with respect to the observed pattern of spread of sugarcane yellow leaf virus, the causal agent of yellow leaf disease. This disease affects cultivated sugarcane plants and spreads via an aphid vector (Melanaphis sacchari). The system is of considerable economic interest, but presents several analytic complications. First, the plants begin as well separated individuals that grow into large plants with overlapping leaf canopies enabling increased vector access between neighbouring plants. The overlap between neighbouring plants first occurs within rows and then extends between rows, presenting another interesting spatial component to consider when modelling the propagation of infection. Second, the vector initially flies between plants but at some point sheds wings and shifts to walking between plants. We are particularly interested in how these two features of the system and their interrelation may impact the spatial spread of disease over time. In addition, we also explore the impact of potential immigration of infected vectors from outside of the study area. We treat our observed cane field as a spatial grid with regular spacing between rows and smaller spacing within rows. Our data consist of observed disease status of each of 1643 plants at each of six time points. We provide descriptive summaries of the temporal evolution of spatial pattern in infection, then propose hierarchical models to describe the pattern and capture the influence of the ecological and environmental factors listed above.
ISSN: 0143-9782

hal-00684235
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00684235

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
This paper is concerned with weighted pseudo almost automorphic functions, which are more general and complicated than weighted pseudo almost periodic functions. Using these properties, we establish an existence and uniqueness theorem for pseudo almost automorphic mild solutions to semilinear differential equations in a Banach spaces which extends known results.
ISSN: 0362-546X

hal-00617634
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00617634

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
Background: Overweight in Guadeloupe is a public health matter affecting children and adults. In the present study we evaluated the metabolic profile, including serum ghrelin, leptin and adiponectin levels, in normal weight, overweight and obese school children and we analyzed the potential changes in anthropometric and metabolic risk factors after a 1-year lifestyle intervention program. Methods: Parameters were assessed at baseline and at 1 year. Three groups (G) were defined according the International Obesity Task Force reference values, G1: normal weight / G2: overweight / G3: obese. The lifestyle intervention included dietary counseling, regular physical activity and family support. Results: A total of 120 children (G1: n = 44, G2: n = 39, G3: n = 37), aged 11– 15 years and 59 % girls were enrolled. Obese children showed significant lower HDL-C, adiponectin and ghrelin concentrations, higher triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, insulin and leptin levels and also higher frequencies of abdominal obesity (G1: 2.3 %, G2: 28.2 %, G3: 73 %) and insulin resistance (GI: 39 %, G2: 72 %, G3: 89 %) than the other groups. In the overall sample, the linear regressions exploring the associations of ghrelin, adiponectin and leptin with age, gender, BMI z-score, HOMA-IR and tanner stage as independent variables showed strong associations of leptin levels with weight status and insulin resistance at baseline. The models accounted for 58 % of variability in leptin levels compared with 26 and 15 % for adiponectin and ghrelin levels respectively. In 83 children who completed the program, significant decreases in BMI z-score in overweight and obese children were noted. Leptin levels decreased significantly only in the obese group whereas adiponectin concentrations increased significantly in the three groups, In obese children, a significant correlation was found between changes in BMI Z-score, and changes in leptin levels (r = 0.39; P = 0.049) but not with changes in adiponectin levels. Conclusions: Abdominal obesity and insulin resistance were highly prevalent in obese children highlighting their risk of metabolic complications in adulthood. A 1-year long lifestyle intervention was associated with improvement in BMI z-score and metabolic parameters.
ISSN: 1743-7075

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
hal-01231394
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01231394
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01231394/document
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01231394/file/art_10.1186_s12986-015-0039-9.pdf
DOI : 10.1186/s12986-015-0039-9

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
OBJECTIVES: To better select for patients who most likely will benefit from cardiac surgery among those with infective endocarditis (IE), we aimed to identify preoperative markers associated with poor outcome after cardiac surgery for IE, and to evaluate the accuracy of European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) II to predict mortality. METHODS: We enrolled all adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery during the acute phase of definite IE (Duke Criteria) in two referral centres for cardiac surgery. Patients were identified through intensive care unit (ICU) electronic databases, and data were collected from medical charts on standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: Between 2002 and 2013, 149 patients (117 males), with a median age of 64 years [interquartile range 52-73], fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Main complications before surgery were left ventricular dysfunction (23%), central nervous system symptomatic events (34%) and septic shock (24%). Most patients (95%) presented with valve regurgitation, and 49% had perivalvular abscess. Surgery was performed with a median delay of 12 days [5-24] after IE diagnosis, and mean EuroSCORE II was 15.8 (13.4-18.1). In-hospital mortality was 21%. Preoperative variables associated with mortality in multivariate analysis were obesity [odds ratio (OR) 3.67 [1.10-12.19], P = 0.03], vegetation extgreater15 mm (OR 6.72 [1.46-30.98], P = 0.01), septic shock (OR 4.87 [1.67-14.28], P = 0.004) and mechanical prosthetic valve IE (OR 4.99 [1.72-28.57], P = 0.007). EuroSCORE II underestimated mortality in patients with predicted mortality over 10%. CONCLUSION: Factors independently predictive of mortality after cardiac surgery for IE are obesity, septic shock, large vegetation and a mechanical prosthetic valve IE. EuroSCORE II underestimates post-cardiac surgery mortality in patients with IE
ISSN: 1010-7940

hal-01169802
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01169802
DOI : 10.1093/ejcts/ezv223
PUBMED : 26116921

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Reports on dengue morbidity in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are scarce. Dengue is arthropod-borne viroses due to dengue virus (DENV) and affects populations with a high prevalence of SCD; therefore, the risk of morbidity may be increased.To determine the impact of dengue infection in SCD patients, we reviewed medical records during a vast outbreak of dengue virus serotype-2 (DENV-2) in French Guiana in 2012-2013. We identified 10 cases of laboratory-confirmed dengue infection;these were classified into A, B and C categories based on levels of severity of dengue according to World Health Organisation (WHO). The average age of SCD patients was 18.2 years. 1, 6 and 3 cases were classified as A, B and C WHO severity criteria, respectively. All patients had an important decrease in haematocrit (while one of the WHO severity criteria is the increase of haematocrit). Only one patient had decreased platelet count. Seven cases had vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC), six patients developed acute hepatitis and eight had a simultaneous bacterial infection. Six of them needed a blood transfusion. The results suggested that the WHO severity laboratory criteria of hemoconcentration and platelet counts were not helpful in themanagement of SCD patients. The morbidity was mainly caused by specific complications of SCD, especially VOC, likely facilitated by vascular endothelial damages consecutive to dengue fever, severe haemolysis, hepatitis and bacterial co-infections.
Journal of Virology and Retrovirology

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
inserm-01419456
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01419456
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01419456/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01419456/file/2015%2C%20Mosnier%20-%20Dengue%20infection%20in%20sickle%20cell%20patients%20in%20French%20Guiana.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the primary cause of nosocomial diarrhoea in industrialised countries, usually occurring as a complication of antibiotic therapy in elderly patients. Landmark events contributed to boosting interest in CDI over the last 10 years, including the emergence of unusually severe and recurrent CDI due to the NAP1/BI/027 strain, as well as reports suggesting that CDI is also significantly encountered in patients previously considered at no risk, such as community-acquired CDI in patients with no recent antibiotic use, or CDI during pregnancy. Despite this growing interest from the medical community, we do not know the real dimensions of the disease for the following reasons: (i) despite comprehensive guidelines published in Europe and in the USA, most laboratories still use diagnostic tests with suboptimal sensitivity as a 'rule-out' test, hence a significant proportion of CDIs remain undiagnosed; (ii) use of PCR as a stand-alone test by others will probably overestimate the real incidence of CDI and jeopardise any comparison between institutions with different diagnostic procedures; and (iii) transversal studies, with optimum design and diagnostic tests, are rapidly outdated due to the dramatic changes in CDI epidemiology that may occur from one year to another. To get an accurate picture of the real dimensions of the CDI issue, we need more systematic use of an adequate and homogeneous diagnostic strategy in the field as well as the implementation of continuous monitoring of CDI incidence through surveillance programmes.
ISSN: 0924-8579

inserm-00863350
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00863350
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00863350/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00863350/file/Clostridium_difficile_infections._Do_we_know_the_real_dimensionssur the_problem-accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.04.009

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy A1 - Oxford Open Option C
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Infections of renal grafts with Candida species can induce life-threatening complications in the recipient. METHODS: A 9-year retrospective study involving all of the transplant centers in France was designed to determine the incidence, origin, characteristics, and outcome of graft-site candidiasis that occurred after kidney transplantation. Yeasts cultured from preservation or drainage solutions and graft specimens were recorded. RESULTS: Among 18,617 kidney grafts, 18 recipients corresponding to 12 donors developed culture-confirmed graft-site candidiasis (incidence, 1 case per 1000 grafts) a median of 25 days after the graft procedure. Clinical presentations included 14 cases of renal arteritis (13 were complicated by aneurysm), 1 urinoma, 2 graft site abscesses, and 1 surgical site infection. Candida albicans was involved in 13 cases. A unique C. albicans genotype or a single rare Candida species was involved in each episode. Together with the clinical history, these findings demonstrate that organ contamination followed by transmission to the recipient occurred during recovery. Therapeutic management varied from simple monitoring in 1 case to a combination of surgery (nephrectomy in 9 cases and arterial bypass in 9 cases) and antifungal therapy (14 cases). Overall, 3 of 18 kidney transplant recipients died, and 9 had their graft surgically removed. CONCLUSION: Graft-transmitted candidiasis that ends most often in fungal arteritis is associated with high morbidity and mortality after kidney transplantation and is related to organ contamination during recovery in the donor.
Clinical Infectious Diseases

hal-00676313
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00676313
DOI : 10.1086/595688
PUBMED : 19090753