Éditeur(s) : CRPLC : Centre de Recherche sur les Pouvoirs Locaux dans la Caraïbe CRPLC : Centre de Recherche sur les Pouvoirs Locaux dans la Caraïbe CRPLC : Centre de Recherche sur les Pouvoirs Locaux dans la Caraïbe
Extrait de : "Les territoires non indépendants de la Caraïbe : une quête inaboutie de nouveaux modèles de gouvernance ?" : séminaire, le 21 février 2014. Université des Antilles et de la Guyane
Résumé : Matthew Bishop revient en introduction sur l'ignorance dont sont généralement victimes les régions ultra-périphériques sur la scène politique internationale. Au cours de sa communication, il s'intéresse au budget européen alloué aux départements d'outre-mer et aborde la question de l'octroi de mer. Il s'interroge également sur les motivations de l'Europe à aller consciemment à l'encontre de son programme idéologique, en subventionnant les industries qu'elle a forcées à subir les rigueurs du marché, dans les pays ACP.
Matthew Bishop revient en introduction sur l'ignorance dont sont généralement victimes les régions ultra-périphériques sur la scène politique internationale. Au cours de sa communication, il s'intéresse au budget européen alloué aux départements d'outre-mer et aborde la question de l'octroi de mer. Il s'interroge également sur les motivations de l'Europe à aller consciemment à l'encontre de son programme idéologique, en subventionnant les industries qu'elle a forcées à subir les rigueurs du marché, dans les pays ACP.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V14122
V14122
V14122
V14122

Éditeur(s) : CEREGMIA : Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche en Economie, Gestion et Modélisation Informatique Appliquée Université des Antilles et de la Guyane
Extrait de : "Fiscalité et réforme territoriale" : états généraux des finances locales de la Martinique, les 9 et 10 février 2012. Université des Antilles et de la Guyane
Description : Ce cinquième atelier présente les conditions dans lesquelles pourraient être conçues la gestion de la collectivité territoriale de Martinique en 2014. Monsieur Vaugirard présente plusieurs interrogations à savoir : quel budget pour la future collectivité ?, et quelles solutions d'optimisation des moyens de cette future collectivité, d'une part à cadre juridique constant, et, d'autre part, à cadre juridique modifié.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V12190
V12190

Éditeur(s) : CRPLC : Centre de Recherche sur les Pouvoirs Locaux dans la Caraïbe CCEE : Conseil de la Culture, de l'Education et de l'Environnement
Extrait de : "La collectivité territoriale de Martinique : enjeux, débats et perspectives" : séminaire, le 24 octobre 2015. Université des Antilles
Description : Dans cette présentation, Justin Daniel, professeur de science politique à l'Université des Antilles, résume les principales étapes qui suivront l'élection de l'Assemblée de Martinique (AM) ainsi que les dispositifs mis en place afin d'assurer la continuité entre le moment où le département et la région cesseront d'exister et celui où la CTM prendra le relais. Ainsi, le premier vendredi suivant l'élection, seront successivement élus le bureau de l'AM et le Conseil exécutif de Martinique (CEM). Puis il sera procédé à la lecture de la charte de l'élu local en présence des conseillers à l'AM et des conseillers exécutifs. Dès lors, le président du CEM sera ordonnateur des comptes du département et de la région jusqu'au 31 décembre 2015, pourra engager, mandater, liquider des dépenses dans la limite des cinq-douzièmes des montants inscrits dans les exercices budgétaires antérieurs, et ce jusqu'au 31 mai 2016 au plus tard, date à laquelle le budget de la CTM devra être adopté. Enfin, le directeur général des services (DGS) de la région devient, pour une période qui ne peut aller au-delà du 30 juin 2016, DGS de la CTM.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V15419
V15419

Résumé : Excerpts from speech /by Eric Williams during debate on the 1973 budget, 9 January, 1973.
Corp. Name: Caribbean Community Subject-Geo. Trm: Caribbean Area

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.
28161338
08289100

Éditeur(s) : Temis Temis ( Bogotá )
Résumé : (Internal Comments) Abel Cruz Santos.
(Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references (p. 278-281) and index.
(Statement of Responsibility) Abel Cruz Santos.
Colombia
Colombia

AAQ1995
17803195
000135939

Éditeur(s) : Caribbean Community Secretariat Caribbean Community Secretariat ( Georgetown )

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.
MA 77/4/4

Éditeur(s) : impr. du Gouvernement (Fort-de-France)
Résumé : Variante(s) de titre : Budget rectificatif des recettes et des dépenses (Département de la Martinique)
Variante(s) de titre : Budget et projet de budget spécial des grands travaux sur fonds d'emprunt (Département de la Martinique)
Variante(s) de titre : Budget du service local (Département de la Martinique)
Variante(s) de titre : Budget de la Martinique
Variante(s) de titre : Budget et projet de budget rectificatif des recettes et des dépenses (Département de la Martinique)
Variante(s) de titre : Projet de budget rectificatif du service local (Département de la Martinique)
Etat de collection : 1856-1938
Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Philosophie, histoire, sciences de l'homme, FOL-LK19-323

http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb412699674/date

Éditeur(s) : Edp Sciences S A
Résumé : A study on nitrogenous and phosphorous waste production in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) was carried out in a flow-through land-based farm. The main objectives were (i) to calculate nitrogenous (N) and phosphorous (P) waste production (particulate and dissolved) from in situ measurements for different rearing ponds with specific fish biomasses, fish sizes and flow rates, (ii) to establish nitrogenous and phosphorous waste production budgets, ratios and equations, and (iii) to compare, for the whole farm, in situ measurements to estimate N and P waste production from waste equations. Waste production was manifest by an increase in concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen, total Kjeldhal nitrogen, particulate nitrogen, dissolved phosphorus and total phosphorus concentrations in the outlet water compared to the inlet water for both batches and whole farm. However, no production of nitrite or nitrate was observed. In our budgets, the N and P amounts from biomass gains and wastes were explained by the N and P derived from feed over the range 83.9-105.2 % and 66.5-104.6 % respectively, depending on the fish batch. Values were respectively 103.4 and 87.5 % for the same calculations in the farm. When the whole-farm waste production was calculated from previous equations derived from batches, and then compared with the measured data, the percentages of recovery (estimated by the ratio predicted data/measured data) were 88 and 94 % for total-N and total-P respectively.
L'étude de la production des déchets (azote et phosphore) d'une ferme de production de bars (Dicentrarchus labrax) est réalisée. Cette étude à pour objectif (i) de mesurer in situ la production des déchets azotés et phosphores sous forme particulaire et soluble, pour différents bassins d'élevage présentant des caractéristiques variables en terme de biomasse de poisson, de taille des poissons, de débit de l'eau de renouvellement, (ii) d'établir des équations de production de déchets à partir des données précédemment acquises, (iii) de comparer, pour l'ensemble des rejets au niveau de la ferme, les résultats obtenus par des mesures in situ, d'une part, et à l'aide des équations, d'autre part. La production de déchets se traduit par une augmentation des concentrations de l'azote particulaire, de l'azote ammoniacal, de l'azote organique dissous, ainsi que du phosphore particulaire et dissous. Aucune augmentation des nitrates et nitrites n'est observée. L'établissement des budgets d'azote et de phosphore permettent de rendre compte, selon les bassins, du devenir de 88,2 à 105,2 % de l'azote et de 66,2 à 104,6 % du phosphore introduits dans les bassins sous forme de nourriture en granulés. L'étude des budgets réalisée par les deux méthodes (mesures in situ et utilisation des équations) montre que les budgets établis à l'aide des équations rendent compte respectivement de 88 et 94 % de récupération de l'azote et du phosphore. Ces résultats sont respectivement de 103,4 et 87,5 % lorsqu'ils sont établis par des mesures in situ.
Aquatic Living Resources (0990-7440) (Edp Sciences S A), 1998-07 , Vol. 11 , N. 4 , P. 247-254

Droits : 1998 Published by Elsevier SAS
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1998/publication-872.pdf
DOI:10.1016/S0990-7440(98)89007-4
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/872/

Résumé : The purpose of this book is to value the economic significance of marine-related activities in France. Each industrial, or public non-commercial, sector is characterized by key figures relating to annual turnover, value added, employment and budget. These figures are accompanied with qualitative information on the recent development, current situation and future perspectives of the sector in terms of markets, employment and technological progress. Public and private R&D is also allowed for. Given the diversity of marine-related activities, this information aims at enabling the reader to assess their importance from a comparative angle. From the sector-based approach it is possible to draw certain conclusions. Notably, commercial activities contributed over 1,3% of the GDP in 1995, such ratio having to be seen as a minimum estimate, worked out on the basis of available data. Seaside-related tourism is by far the most important industry. Most activities experienced a decrease in employment in the first half of the '90s. The estimated annual amount spent on R&D was over FFr 4,5 billion in the recent past period 1995-1996.
Le présent ouvrage a pour but d'évaluer l'importance économique des activités liées à la mer en France. Chaque secteur - industriel marchand, public non marchand - est caractérisé par des chiffres clés portant sur le chiffre d'affaires annuel, la valeur ajoutée, l'emploi, le budget. Ces indicateurs sont accompagnés d'informations qualitatives sur l'évolution récente, la situation actuelle et les perspectives du secteur : marchés, emplois, progrès technique. La R&D publique et privée est également prise en compte. Compte tenu de la diversité des activités liées à la mer, ces informations visent à permettre au lecteur d'en apprécier l'importance sous un angle comparatif. L'approche sectorielle permet de tirer certaines conclusions. Notamment, les activités marchandes ont contribué à plus de 1,3 % du PIB en 1995, un tel ratio devant être compris comme un minimum, calculé à partir des données disponibles. Le tourisme littoral est, de loin, l'activité la plus importante. Dans la plupart des branches, l'emploi baisse dans la première moitié des années 1990. Les dépenses annuelles de R&D sont estimées à plus de 4,5 milliards de francs dans la période récente 1995-1996.

Droits : 1997 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2001/rapport-1347.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1347/

Éditeur(s) : Inter-research
Résumé : Environmental conditions experienced by aquatic organisms are archived in biogenic carbonates such as fish otoliths, bivalve shells and coral skeletons. These calcified structures present an accretionary growth and variations in optical properties - color or opacity - that are used to reconstruct time. Full and reliable exploitation of the information extracted from these structures is, however, often limited as the metabolic processes that control their growth and their optical properties are poorly understood. Here, we propose a new modeling framework that couples both the growth of a biogenic carbonate and its optical properties with the metabolism of the organism. The model relies on well-tested properties of Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory. It is applied to otoliths of the Bay of Biscay anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) for which a DEB model has been previously developed. The model reproduces well-known otolith patterns and thus provides us with mechanisms for the metabolic control of otolith size and opacity at the scale of an individual lifespan. Two original contributions using this framework are demonstrated. First, the model can be used to reconstruct the temporal variations in the food assimilated by an individual fish. Reconstructing food conditions of past and present aquatic species in their natural environment is key ecological information to better understand population dynamics. Second, we show that non-seasonal checks can be discriminated from seasonal checks, which is a well-recognized problem when interpreting fish otoliths. We discuss further developments of the model and the experimental settings required to test this new promising framework.
Marine Ecology-progress Series (0171-8630) (Inter-research), 2012 , Vol. 447 , P. 151-164

Droits : 2012 Inter-Research
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00060/17082/14593.pdf
DOI:10.3354/meps09492
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00060/17082/

Éditeur(s) : Montpellier 1
Résumé : Understanding bioaccumulation mechanisms of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is a major issue for environmental risk assessment. In this work, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a model contaminant family, has been studied in the European hake (Merluccius merluccius), a high trophic level species from the Gulf of Lions. High concentrations of PCBs were measured in hake from this area compared to those encountered in the population of the Bay of Biscay. PCB biomagnification was highlighted along its food web from marine phytoplankton, suggesting a strong influence of diet on contamination levels. The role of other biological processes was also apprehended in order to understand the high variability of observed levels. Thus, growth, sex, and also the degree of sexual maturity appear as major factors explaining the measured concentrations in fish. A PCB bioaccumulation model in the hake, based on the Dynamic Energy Budget theory (DEB), was developed. This approach is based on a bioenergetic model, reproducing the main physiological functions of an organism (feeding, growth and reproduction), coupled with a kinetic model of contaminants. The growth and evolution of contamination levels of several PCB congeners during the life of male and female hakes is satisfactorily simulated, both in the Gulf of Lions and in the Bay of Biscay, validating the processes taken into account. This combined modelling approach appears well adapted to study the fate of contaminants in fish, and paves the way for a realistic understanding of their effects on major biological functions of fish.
La compréhension des mécanismes de bioaccumulation des contaminants organiques persistants (POP) est un enjeu majeur pour l'évaluation des risques environnementaux. Lors de ce travail, le devenir d'une famille de contaminants modèles, les polychlorobiphényles (PCB), a été étudié chez une espèce de rang trophique élevé du golfe du Lion, le merlu Européen (Merluccius merluccius). Des concentrations élevées en PCB ont été mesurées dans les merlus de ce secteur en comparaison à celles rencontrées dans la population du golfe de Gascogne. La mise en évidence d'une bioamplification des PCB le long de son réseau trophique, depuis le phytoplancton marin, suggère une influence importante de l'alimentation sur les niveaux de contamination. Le rôle d'autres processus biologiques a également été appréhendé afin de comprendre la forte variabilité des niveaux observés. Ainsi, la croissance, le sexe, mais également le degré de maturité sexuel apparaissent comme des facteurs explicatifs majeurs des concentrations en PCB mesurées dans les poissons. Un modèle de bioaccumulation des PCB chez le merlu, basé sur la théorie de Budget d'Energie Dynamique (DEB), a été développé. Il s'agit d'une approche basée sur le couplage d'un modèle bioénergétique, reproduisant les principales fonctions physiologiques de l'organisme (nutrition, croissance et reproduction), avec un modèle de cinétique des contaminants. La croissance et l'évolution des niveaux de contamination de plusieurs congénères de PCB au cours de la vie des merlus mâles et femelles est simulée de manière satisfaisante, tant dans le golfe de Gascogne que dans le golfe du Lion, validant ainsi les processus pris en compte. Cette approche combinée de modélisation apparaît tout à fait adaptée à l'étude du devenir des contaminants chez les poissons, et ouvre la voie à une compréhension réaliste de leurs effets sur les grandes fonctions biologiques de ces organismes.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/these-6490.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6490/

Résumé : The 2010 activity report of the Department "Lagoons, Ecosystems and Sustainable Aquaculture in New Caledonia (LEAD-NC) reported on developments, results and actions of the department in 2011. It gives the evolution of staff and resources (mobility of personnel, budget, partnerships, budget, infrastructure, ...). It describes the scientific and technical results obtained in the various projects and actions that the department operates or to which it contributes. Finally, it provides all the information about the general operation of the department (advice and expertise, training, missions, events, products, publications....).
Le bilan d'activité 2010 du Département Lagon, Ecosystèmes et Aquaculture Durable de Nouvelle Calédonie (LEAD-NC) fait état des évolutions, des résultats et des actions du département au cours de l'année 2011. Il rend compte de l'évolution des effectifs et des moyens (mobilité de personnel, budget, partenariat, budget, infrastructures, ...). Il décrit des résultats scientifiques et techniques obtenus au sein des différents projets et actions que le département opère ou auxquels il contribue. Et enfin, il fournit toutes les informations quant au fonctionnement général du département (avis et expertises, formations, missions, manifestations, productions, ....).

Droits : 2011 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00054/16488/13993.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00054/16488/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
At Cima di Gagnone, garnet peridotite and chlorite harzburgite lenses within pelitic schists and gneisses correspond to eclogite-facies breakdown products of hydrated peridotites and are suitable for studying dehydration of serpentinized mantle. Thermobarometry and pseudosection modelling yield peak temperatures of 750-850°C and pressures <3 GPa. The minimum temperature recorded by the garnet peridotite corresponds to the maximum conditions experienced by the chlorite harzburgite, suggesting that these rocks recrystallized cofacially at ∼800°C. Alternatively, they might have decoupled during subduction, as achieved in tectonically active plate interface boundaries. The major and rare earth element (REE) variability of the peridotites was mostly acquired during pre-subduction mantle evolution as a result of partial melting and reactive melt flow. The ultramafic suite is also characterized by fluid-mobile element enrichments (B, Pb, As, Sb, Cs, Li, U, Be), which confirm derivation from variably serpentinized protoliths. Similarity in the U, Pb, B, Li and Sr contents of the Gagnone peridotites to present-day oceanic serpentinites suggests that these elements were partly taken up during initial serpentinization by seawater-derived fluids. Positive Be, As and Sb anomalies suggest involvement of fluids equilibrated with crustal (metasedimentary) reservoirs during subsequent subduction metamorphism and peridotite entrainment in (meta)sediments. Fluid-mobile element enrichment characterizes all peak eclogitic minerals, implying that multiple hydration events and element influx pre-dated the eclogite-facies dehydration. Peak anhydrous minerals retain B, Li, As and Sb concentrations exceeding primitive mantle values and may introduce geochemical anomalies into the Earth's mantle. The relatively low contents of large ion lithophile elements and light REE in the Gagnone peridotites with respect to much higher enrichments shown by metasomatized garnet peridotite pods hosted in migmatites (Ulten Zone, Eastern Alps) suggest that the crustal rocks at Gagnone did not experience partial melting. The Gagnone garnet peridotite, despite showing evidence for chlorite dehydration, retains significant amounts of fluid-mobile elements documenting that no partial melting occurred upon chlorite breakdown. We propose that the Gagnone ultramafic rocks represent a prime example of multi-stage peridotite hydration and subsequent dehydration in a plate interface setting.
ISSN: 0022-3530

hal-01054319
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01054319
DOI : 10.1093/petrology/egt068

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Mass balances are often used to calculate sediment fluxes in foreland basins and denudation rates in adjacent mountain ranges on intermediate to long timescales (from a few tens of thousand to a million years). Here, we study the simple Quaternary catchment-alluvial fan system of the Kuitun River, in northern Tian Shan, to discuss some ideas about sediment storage, release, and bypass in relatively short (100 km long) sediment routing systems. This study shows that the Kuitun catchment and piedmont areas clearly present evidence of a significant and temporary storage of sediments during the Pleistocene. These sediments were then excavated and delivered farther into the foreland basin during the Holocene. The difference between the volumes of materials released from the catchment and piedmont areas (5.5 ± 1.7 km3) and the volume stored in a contemporaneous fan downstream (2.6 ± 0.6 km3) indicates that the latter did not trap the whole sediment load transported by the river. The alluvial fan was bypassed by 27 to 78% of this load toward its distal alluvial plain. If this value is well estimated, it implies a major volumetric partitioning of the deposits between the fan and the alluvial plain, with a very high sedimentation rate in the fan (1.97 ± 0.52 mm*y− 1) and a much lower one downstream (0.11 ± 0.11 mm*y− 1). However, this volumetric partitioning might only occur during periods with a very specific hydrological regime such as the Holocene deglaciation. Eventually, the peculiar sediment storage and release pattern within the Kuitun catchment and piedmont areas during the Pleistocene and Holocene complicates the calculation of mean paleodenudation rates using either sediment budgets or in situ produced cosmogenic nuclides.
ISSN: 0169-555X

insu-00985283
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00985283
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00985283/document
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00985283/file/jolivet-et_al-2014_HAL.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.01.024

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oldendorf/Luhe
Résumé : International audience
Non-calcifying photosynthetic anthozoans have emerged as a group that may thrive under high carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO(2)) conditions via increased productivity. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying this potential success are unclear. Here we investigated the impact of high pCO(2) on the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) use in the temperate sea anemone Anemonia viridis. We assessed the impacts of long-term exposure to high pCO(2), i.e. sampling in situ natural CO2 vents (Vulcano, Italy), and short-term exposure, i.e. during a 3 wk controlled laboratory experiment. We focused on photo-physiological parameters (net photosynthesis rates, chlorophyll a content and Symbiodinium density) and on carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity, an enzyme involved in the energy-demanding process of DIC absorption. Long-term exposure to high pCO(2) had no impact on Symbiodinium density and chlorophyll a content. In contrst, short-term exposure to high pCO(2) induced a significant reduction in Symbiodinium density, which together with unchanged net photosynthesis resulted in the increase of Symbiodinium productivity per cell. Finally, in both in situ long-term and laboratory short-term exposure to high pCO(2), we observed a significant decrease in the CA activity of sea anemones, suggesting a change in DIC use (i.e. from an HCO3- to a CO2 user). This change could enable a shift in the energy budget that may increase the ability of non-calcifying photosynthetic anthozoans to cope with ocean acidification.
ISSN: 0171-8630

hal-01546163
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01546163
DOI : 10.3354/meps11916

Éditeur(s) : Blackwell science
Résumé : An experiment was conducted in six earthen ponds with 20 shrimps m(-2) Litopenaeus stylirostris (Stimpson) during the warm season in New Caledonia to study the dynamics of wastes in relation with water exchange rate (WER). The nitrogen budget was established, taking into account the different forms of nitrogen in the water, sediment, feed and shrimp. Data from a wide range of treatments applied in unreplicated ponds were treated using regression analysis to establish the relationship between WER and partial nitrogen budget, sediment characteristics and shrimp performance. To compare effluent quality between treatments during the season, data were analysed using the non-parametric sign test. The water outflow was characterized by a decrease in the concentrations of N-mineral forms (TAN, NO2--NO3-), an increase in the concentration of organic soluble and sestonic organic forms (expressed in terms of particulate nitrogen, particulate organic carbon, chlorophyll a) compared with the water inflow. Increasing WER increased the amount of exported wastes and mainly in the organic forms and TAN can be considered as negligible. The nitrogen budget showed that 19-46% of nitrogen input (feed+water) was exported into the coastal environment. The results showed that the quality of the sediment decreased as WER decreased. The potential negative impact of the developing industry in New Caledonia on the costal environment could be partially reduced in a first step by decreasing WER. However, if applied in the farms, this practice should be linked to a close survey of the evolution of sediment quality.
Aquaculture Research (1355-557X) (Blackwell science), 2006-06 , Vol. 37 , N. 9 , P. 938-948

Droits : 2006 Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-1811.pdf
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01515.x
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1811/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Orogenic lherzolites exhibit a specific (although reproducible) platinum-group element signature characterized by slight positive deviations of Pd/Ir, Rh/Ir and Ru/Ir ratios from the canonical chondritic model. Such a signature was alternatively considered to be a compositional feature of the primitive upper mantle or resulting from sulfide melt addition by refertilisation reactions in the continental lithosphere. To shed additional light on this conundrum, the distribution of PGE in FON B 93, an unserpentinized, fertile (3.24% Al2O3) orogenic lherzolite (French Pyrenees) used as in-house standard by our group, has been studied to different scales, from the bulk rock to trace minerals. In addition to new ICPMS analyses after separation into Nis and Te coprecipitation, its whole-rock PGE concentrations were redetermined by three different laboratories using very precise ID-ICP-MS methods after digestion of the sample in Carius tube at T=250 degrees C and 320 degrees C or in high-pressure asher (HPA-S). The four methods produce reproducible Ru, Rh and Pd contents (7.1 +/- 0.18 ppb; 1.43 +/- 0.05 ppb; 7.1 +/- 0.30 ppb) whereas the non-ID NiS-fire assay method underestimates the Os and Ir concentrations by c.a. 10 and 15% compared to ID-ICP-MS analyses (4.40 +/- 0.07 and 4.00 +/- 0.17 ppb, respectively). Platinum was the most difficult to analyse. If performed on powder aliquots smaller than 3 g, the ID-ICP-MS analyses generate strong nugget effects while the non-ID NiS-fire assay method yields statistically lower (but highly reproducible) Pt concentrations (6.92 +/- 0.26 ppb). These features reflect the strong partitioning of Pt into trace phases that SEM and laser ablation-ICP-MS analyses on thin sections identify as both high-temperature Pt-Ir-Os alloys and Pt-(Pd) tellurides of likely subsolidus origin; ten to fifteen grains ranging in maximum dimension from a few micrometres to a few hundreds of nanometers, were identified by standard polished thin section. LA-ICP-MS data on base metal sulfides (25 grains analysed), coupled with the whole-rock S concentration (277 +/- 10 ppm) and modal composition of the BMS (90% pentlandite+accessory pyrite and secondary pyrrhotite + 10% chalcopyrite) allowed the contribution of the BMS phase to the PGE budget of FON B 93 to be estimated. Except Pt that exhibits a 95% deficit in the BMS phase, the PGE concentrations measured by ID-ICP-MS can be balanced by BMS while Al-spinel is a negligible contributor, accounting for less than 0.5% of the Ru budget. The occurrence of Pt in trace phases may bias the whole-rock Pt concentrations because 1) mechanical collection of Pt-rich trace phases remains problematic with the Nis button, and 2) Pt-Ir-Os alloys may be prone to digestion problems in conventional Carius tube procedures. Since they could be stable at mantle depth, such refractory alloys that contain Os and Ir may also have enhanced the heavy PGEs/light PGEs fractionation. Our observations likely pertain to orogenic lherzolites as a whole because BMS assemblages in these mantle rocks record evolution at low sulfur fugacity, which prevents Pt-Ir-Os alloy from entering the Mss in the mantle; moreover, at subsolidus temperature, pentlandite, the major BMS, cannot accommodate 0 valence state Pt.
ISSN: 0009-2541

hal-00411486
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00411486
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.06.030

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : La dernière édition de l’enquête Budget de Famille (2010-2011) de l’Insee comporte un suréchantillonnage de logements dans les départements d’outre-mer (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Guyane, Réunion et Mayotte devenue département français en 2011). Ces données permettent de dresser un panorama de la consommation des ménages résidant sur ces territoires. Des disparités peuvent alors être mises en évidence avec la France métropolitaine. En neutralisant des effets de structure des deux populations, il ressort que les ménages ultra-marins (à l’exception des Antilles) ont des dépenses de consommation plus faibles que les ménages métropolitains notamment pour les postes de l’alimentation, des loisirs et de la santé. Ils sont également un peu moins bien équipés en biens durables (véhicule, lave-linge, lave-vaisselle…). En revanche, quand on les interroge sur leur niveau de vie, les ménages ultra-marins ont — toutes choses égales par ailleurs — une perception plus positive de celui-ci que les métropolitains. Le département de Mayotte se singularise à la fois par les caractéristiques sociodémographiques de sa population, mais aussi par le faible niveau de consommation et d’équipement de ses ménages, corollaires d’un niveau de vie bien plus faible que dans les autres départements ultra-marins.
The last INSEE Family Budget Survey (2010–2011) oversamples housings in overseas departments (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Guyana, Réunion and Mayotte). Those data allow us to draw up an overview of household consumption on those territories. Disparities can be highlighted with metropolitan France. Neutralizing structural heterogeneity of populations, it emerges that ultramarine households (with the exception of Caribbean France) have lower spending than metropolitan households, notably for food, leisure and health. They are also less equipped with durable goods (vehicle, washing machine, dishwasher…). When they are questioned about their standard of living, ultramarine households have – ceteris paribus – a more positive perception than metropolitan households. Mayotte stands out both by socio-demographic characteristics of its population but also by the low level of consumption and equipment of its households. This is the result of very low standard of living of the local population.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.11323
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/11323

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Highly siderophile element concentrations (HSE: Re and platinum-group elements (PGE)) are presented for gabbros, gabbroic eclogites and basaltic eclogites from the high-pressure Zermatt-Saas ophiolite terrain, Switzerland. Rhenium and PGE (Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pt, Pd) abundances in gabbro- and eclogite-hosted sulphides, and Re-Os isotopes and elemental concentrations in silicate phases are also reported. This work, therefore, provides whole rock and mineral-scale insights into the PGE budget of gabbroic oceanic crust and the effects of subduction metamorphism on gabbroic and basaltic crust. Chondrite-normalised PGE patterns for the gabbros are similar to published mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB), but show less inter-element fractionation. Mean Pt and Pd contents of 360 and 530 pg/g, respectively, are broadly comparable to MORB, but gabbros have somewhat higher abundances of Os, Ir and Ru (mean: 64, 57 and 108 pg/g). Transformation to eclogite has not significantly changed the concentrations of the PGE, except Pd which is severely depleted in gabbroic eclogites relative to gabbros (similar to 75% loss). In contrast, basaltic eclogites display significant depletion of Pt (>= 60%), Pd (>85%) and Re (50-60%) compared with published MORB, while Os, Ir and Ru abundances are broadly comparable. Thus, these data suggest that only Pt, Pd and Re, and not Os, Ir and Ru, may be significantly fluxed into the mantle wedge from mafic oceanic crust. Re-Os model ages for gabbroic and gabbroic eclogite minerals are close to age estimates for igneous crystallisation and high-pressure metamorphism, respectively, hence the HSE budgets can be related to both igneous and metamorphic behaviour. The gabbroic budget of Os, Ir, Ru and Pd (but not Pt) is dominated by sulphide, which typically hosts >90% of the Os, whereas silicates account for most of the Re (with up to 75% in plagioclase alone). Sulphides in gabbroic eclogites tend to host a smaller proportion of the total Os (10-90%) while silicates are important hosts, probably reflecting Os inheritance from precursor phases. Garnet contains very high Re concentrations and may account for >50% of Re in some samples. The depletion of Pd in gabbroic eclogites appears linked, at least in part, to the loss of Ni-rich sulphide. Both basaltic and gabbroic oceanic crust have elevated Pt/Os ratios, but Pt/Re ratios are not sufficiently high to generate the coupled Os-186-Os-187 enrichments observed in some mantle melts, even without Pt loss from basaltic crust. However, the apparent mobility of Pt and Re in slab fluids provides an alternative mechanism for the generation of Pt- and Re-rich mantle material, recently proposed as a potential source of Os-187-Os-186 enrichment.
ISSN: 0016-7037

hal-00420072
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00420072
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2008.11.036

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : A study of organic carbon mineralization from the Congo continental shelf to the abyssal plain through the Congo submarine channel and Angola Margin was undertaken using in situ measurements of sediment oxygen demand as a tracer of benthic carbon recycling. Two measurement techniques were coupled on a single autonomous platform: in situ benthic chambers and microelectrodes, which provided total and diffusive oxygen uptake as well as oxygen microdistributions in porewaters. In addition, sediment trap fluxes, sediment composition (Org-C, Tot-N, CaCO3, porosity) and radionuclide profiles provided measurements of, respectively input fluxes and burial rate of organic and inorganic compounds. The in situ results show that the oxygen consumption on this margin close to the Congo River is high with values of total oxygen uptake (TOU) of 4 +/- 0.6, 3.6 +/- 0.5 mmol m(-2) d(-1) at 1300 and 3100m depth, respectively, and between 1.9 +/- 0.3 and 2.4 +/- 0.2 mmol m(-2) d(-1) at 4000 m depth. Diffusive oxygen uptakes (DOU) were 2.8 +/- 1.1, 2.3 +/- 0.8, 0.8 +/- 0.3 and 1.2 +/- 0.1 mmol m(-2) d(-1), respectively at the same depths. The magnitude of the oxygen demands on the slope is correlated with water depth but is not correlated with the proximity of the submarine channel-levee system, which indicates that cross-slope transport processes are active over the entire margin. Comparison of the vertical flux of organic carbon with its mineralization and burial reveal that this lateral input is very important since the sum of recycling and burial in the sediments is 5-8 times larger than the vertical flux recorded in traps. Transfer of material from the Congo River occurs through turbidity currents channelled in the Congo valley, which are subsequently deposited in the Lobe zone in the Congo fan below 4800 m. Ship board measurements of oxygen profiles indicate large mineralization rates of organic carbon in this zone, which agrees with the high organic carbon content (3%) and the large sedimentation rate (19 mm y(-1)) found on this site. The Lobe region could receive as high as 19 mol C m(-2) y(-1), 1/3 being mineralized and 2/3 being buried and could constitute the largest depocenter of organic carbon in the South Atlantic.
Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography (0967-0645) (Elsevier), 2009-11 , Vol. 56 , N. 23 , P. 2223-2238

Droits : 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/publication-7316.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.04.005
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/7316/