Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Science Bv
Résumé : The overexploitation of fishery resources has led to a major fisheries crisis. In this context, artisanal fisheries, and in particular small-scale coastal fisheries, appear as relevant alternatives for a sustainable use of coastal resources. Marine Protected Areas (MPA) are more and more used as management tools for these fisheries, as protection effects and targeted access regulations may benefit to commercial fishers. Managers and scientists need then quantitative information not only to adapt their management to the fishing activity present on their territory, but also to estimate the effects of MPA management on it. This study provides catch and effort estimates that are essential for appraising and managing the artisanal fishery in the Côte Bleue Marine Park (CBMP), a French Mediterranean MPA including two No-Take Zones of different age and size. A field protocol was defined and implemented between July 2009 and June 2010 within the CBMP. Seven métiers were identified and characterized by target species, gear type, fishing grounds and fishing periods. During the one-year studied period, 3512 fishing trips and 4645 fishing operations were performed by 30 active boats in the Côte Bleue fishing territory, amounting to 9500 km of immersed nets. In total, approximately 130 tons of catch were landed in the six CBMP harbors, out of which 58% depend on the three main species caught on the Côte Bleue: hake (Merluccius merluccius), gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and common sole (Solea solea). The presented methodology could be part of a long term monitoring requiring close collaboration with local fishers. It enables adaptive management with respect to changes in fishing pressure (from inside and outside the MPA) that may impact the environment and its resources.
Fisheries Research (0165-7836) (Elsevier Science Bv), 2014-06 , Vol. 154 , P. 93-101

Droits : 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00180/29120/29367.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.fishres.2014.02.006
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00180/29120/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Society for Microbiology
Résumé : International audience
A rapid and specific high-performance liquid chromatography method with UV detection (HPLC-UV) for the simultaneous determination of 12 beta-lactam antibiotics (amoxicillin, cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cloxacillin, imipenem, meropenem, oxacillin, penicillin G, piperacillin, and ticarcillin) in small samples of human plasma is described. Extraction consisted of protein precipitation by acetonitrile. An Atlantis T3 analytical column with a linear gradient of acetonitrile and a pH 2 phosphoric acid solution was used for separation. Wavelength photodiode array detection was set either at 210 nm, 230 nm, or 298 nm according to the compound. This method is accurate and reproducible (coefficient of variation [CV] < 8%), allowing quantification of beta-lactam plasma levels from 5 to 250 μg/ml without interference with other common drugs. This technique is easy to use in routine therapeutic drug monitoring of beta-lactam antibiotics.
ISSN: 0066-4804

hal-00875271
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875271
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875271/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875271/file/Simultaneous_Determination-accepted.pdf
PUBMED : 21788467

Éditeur(s) : Oxford university press
Résumé : The response of fish assemblages to changes in protection status is a major issue for both biodiversity conservation and fishery management. In New Caledonia, the Abore reef marine reserve harbours more than 500 fish species, and has been subjected to changes in protection status since 1988. The present study investigates the impact of these changes on a wide subset of species (213), based on underwater visual counts collected before the opening and after the closure to fishing of this marine protected area (MPA). We analysed the spatial and temporal variability in fish assemblage attributable to protection status, explicitly considering habitat. To understand the successive responses of fish assemblage to fishing and protection, the assessment models included four criteria de. ning species groups that partition the fish assemblage: trophic regime, adult size, mobility, and interest for fishing. We could therefore identify the negative impact of opening the MPA to fishing on piscivores and highly mobile species. Surprisingly, target species were not affected more than non-target species. Model results were used to identify species groups that respond to fishing and protection. These results utilize fisheries-related criteria to provide new insight into the response of fish assemblages to protection from the perspective of MPA monitoring.
ICES Journal of Marine Science (1054-3139) (Oxford university press), 2009 , Vol. 66 , N. 1 , P. 170-179

Droits : 2009 ICES/CIEM. Oxford Journals
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/publication-6130.pdf
DOI:10.1093/icesjms/fsn204
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6130/

Résumé : This report synthesizes the discussions of a workshop organized during the "Liteau II-AMP" project , a collaborative project involving scientists and MPA managers that aimed at developing diagnostic and exploratory tools for the assessment of Marine Protected Areas performance. This 2004-2006 project was funded by the Liteau program (http://www.liteau.ecologie.gouv.fr) of the French Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable Development. The workshop was organized on 30th November and 1st December at the EPHE (University of Perpignan, France). It was aimed at gathering a number of scientists and managers involved in MPA in France and in overseas French territories, in order to discuss the issue of interactions between managers and scientists in the context of MPAs. After this fruitful workshop, we felt it was useful to produce a synthesis about interactions between scientists and managers for the MPA or MPA projects present at the workshop. The topics discussed include how to interact, the degree of involvement of both sides in interactions, research versus monitoring, gaps and expectations.
Préambule : Cette synthèse s'inscrit dans le projet « Développement d'Outils Diagnostics et Exploratoires d'Aide à la Décision pour Evaluer la Performance d'Aires Marines Protégées », projet financé par le programme Lit'eau II du Ministère de l'Ecologie et du Développement Durable. L'objet de la réunion des 30 novembre et 1er décembre 2004 à l'EPHE de Perpignan était de rassembler un certain nombre de personnes impliquées dans la gestion d'Aires Marines Protégées en France et outremer, ainsi que des scientifiques concernés par la problématique des Aires Marines Protégées afin de discuter des relations et interactions entre scientifiques et gestionnaires dans ce domaine. A l'issue de cette réunion, il s'agissait d'établir un document synthétique qui ferait le point sur les interactions entre scientifiques et gestionnaires en ce qui concerne les AMP ou projets d'AMP représentés : mode de fonctionnement, degré d'implication, études plus recherche versus suivis périodiques, besoins couverts, non couverts, anticipation des évolutions en la matière. Ce document constitue une synthèse des différents éléments qui ont pu émerger des discussions de ces deux jours et des contributions -avant et après la réunion- de différents participants.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2005/rapport-6797.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6797/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
Anthropogenic impacts are increasingly affecting the world's oceans. Networks of marine protected areas (MPAs) provide an option for increasing the ecological and economic benefits often provided by single MPAs. It is vital to empirically assess the effects of MPA networks and to prioritize the monitoring data necessary to explain those effects. We summarize the types of MPA networks based on their intended management outcomes and illustrate a framework for evaluating whether a connectivity network is providing an outcome greater than the sum of individual MPA effects. We use an analysis of an MPA network in Hawai'i to compare networked MPAs to non-networked MPAs to demonstrate results consistent with a network effect. We assert that planning processes for MPA networks should identify their intended outcomes while also employing coupled field monitoring-simulation modeling approaches, a powerful way to prioritize the most relevant monitoring data for empirically assessing MPA network performance.
ISSN: 1932-6203

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
hal-01341695
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01341695
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01341695/document
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01341695/file/journal.pone.0102298.PDF
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0102298

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : How users perceive the performance of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) is fundamental for the social acceptance of these zones. Moreover, their perceptions may be relevant for monitoring the effects of MPAs on extractive activities. This study analyzes artisanal fishers' perceptions of the performance of a north-western Mediterranean coastal MPA, which encompasses two no-take zones (NTZs). Three viewpoints have been considered: the effect on the personal activity of fishers, the effect on the local fishery and the effect on the ecosystem. In order to test the hypothesis that biomass export (spillover) - which had previously been evidenced from the two NTZs - may influence fishers' perceptions of NTZ effects, fishers' perceptions were compared with both declared and observed fishing activity over an one-year period. The results show that negative perceptions of NTZs are either nil or are negligible. Most fishers are aware of the beneficial effects of NTZs on ecosystems and fisheries. However, they remain to be convinced of the beneficial effects of the NTZs on their own activity. For instance, the proximity of a NTZ appears never to be involved in the choice of a fishing spot. This partial lack of correspondence between scientific expectation and fishers' perceptions is discussed in the light of fishing habits in the zone adjacent to NTZs, and takes into account fishing grounds, targeted species and seniority (defined as the number of years the fisher has been fishing within the MPA). All three factors appear to influence fishers' perceptions. For example, having a positive perception about a NTZ and spending more time fishing in the adjacent zone are habits that can be associated with fishers with less seniority. Fishers' perceptions obviously indicate the social acceptance of the MPA and are an essential monitoring tool for MPA managers. However, perceptions cannot be seen as a substitute for scientific monitoring, as both approaches are clearly complementary. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Marine Policy (0308-597X) (Elsevier), 2012-03 , Vol. 36 , N. 2 , P. 414-422

Droits : 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00060/17137/16442.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.marpol.2011.06.002
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00060/17137/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Chemical Society
Résumé : International audience
The present study is a contribution to the "neXt50 challenge", a coordinated effort across C-HPP teams to identify the SO most tractable missing proteins (MPs) on each chromosome. We report the targeted search of 38 theoretically detectable MPs from chromosomes 2 and 14 in Triton X-100 soluble and insoluble sperm fractions from a total of 15 healthy donors. A targeted mass spectrometry-based strategy consisting of the development of LC-PRM assays (with heavy labeled synthetic peptides) targeting 92 proteotypic peptides of the 38 selected MPs was used. Out of the 38 selected MPs, 12 were identified with two or more peptides and 3 with one peptide after extensive SDS-PAGE fractionation of the two samples and with overall low-intensity signals. The PRM data are available via ProteomeXchange in PASSEL (PASS01013). Further validation by immunohistochemistry on human testes sections and cytochemistry on sperm smears was performed for eight MPs with antibodies available from the Human Protein Atlas. Deep analysis of human sperm still allows the validation of MPs and therefore contributes to the C-HPP worldwide effort. We anticipate that our results will be of interest to the reproductive biology community because an in-depth analysis of these MPs may identify potential new candidates in the context of human idiopathic infertilities.
ISSN: 1535-3893

hal-01681656
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01681656
DOI : 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00374

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Science Bv
Résumé : Monitoring fish and underwater habitats, particularly in and around marine protected areas (MPAs) requires non-destructive observation methods. This is generally achieved by divers conducting underwater visual censuses (UVC), but video-based techniques are now being used more often to observe underwater macrofauna and habitats. A comparison of these two techniques is relevant with the development of high-definition (HD) video, which constitutes a substantial improvement over previously available video resolutions at limited extra cost. We conducted a paired observation experiment involving both HD video and UVC in an MPA located in the New Caledonian lagoon, which is a highly diversified coral reef ecosystem. We compared three techniques for counting fish along 50 m x 4 m delineated strip transects: UVC and two video techniques in which the diver used either a straight trajectory (I-type transect) or a browsing one (S-type transect). The results showed that the proportion of fish that were not identified up to the species level did not exceed 3.3% in video observations versus 1.7% in UVC. The abundance and species richness were larger in UVC than in videos, and S-type transects detected more individuals and species than I-type transects. The average abundance and species richness observed by UVC were 1094 individuals and 69.7 species per transect respectively. In comparison with UVC. I-type and S-type video transects detected on average 56% and 61% of the abundance and 85% and 77% of the species richness seen by UVC respectively. Our results showed that, in comparison to UVC data recorded in situ, the post field analysis of HD video images provided representative observations of fish abundance and species diversity, although fewer species and individuals were detected. The advantages and shortcomings of each observation technique for monitoring fish assemblages, particularly in an MPA are discussed. HD video appears to be a cost-effective technique in terms of the human resources and time needed for field implementation. Overall, this study suggests that HD video-based techniques constitute an interesting complement to UVC, or an alternative when these cannot be implemented. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Fisheries Research (0165-7836) (Elsevier Science Bv), 2011-01 , Vol. 107 , N. 1-3 , P. 84-93

Droits : 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00031/14192/11470.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.fishres.2010.10.011
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00031/14192/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Press (SETAC)
Résumé : International audience
Tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) are emblematic endocrine disruptors, which have been mostly studied in gonochoric prosobranchs. Although both compounds can simultaneously occur in the environment, they have mainly been tested separately for their effects on snail reproduction. Because large discrepancies in experimental conditions occurred in these tests, the present study aimed to compare the relative toxicity of TBT and TPT under similar laboratory conditions in the range of 0 ng Sn/L to 600 ng Sn/L. Tests were performed on the simultaneous hermaphrodite Lymnaea stagnalis, a freshwater snail in which effects of TPT were unknown. Survival, shell length, and reproduction were monitored in a 21-d semistatic test. Frequency of abnormal eggs was assessed as an additional endpoint. Triphenyltin hampered survival while TBT did not. Major effects on shell solidity and reproduction were observed for both compounds, reproductive outputs being more severely hampered by TBT than by TPT. Considering the frequency of abnormal eggs allowed increasing test sensitivity, because snail responses to TBT could be detected at concentrations as low as 19 ng Sn/L. However, the putative mode of action of the 2 compounds could not be deduced from the structure of the molecules or from the response of apical endpoints. Sensitivity of L. stagnalis to TBT and TPT was compared with the sensitivity of prosobranch mollusks with different habitats and different reproductive strategies.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

hal-00877955
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00877955
DOI : 10.1002/etc.2200
PUBMED : 23450754

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Mary Ann Liebert
Résumé : International audience
Little information is available on the molecular epidemiologic profile of HIV-1 in French Guiana, the French department with the highest HIV/AIDS incidence. To follow the evolution of HIV-1 diversity, we carried out a molecular analysis of HIV-1 isolates from 305 treatment-naive patients between 2006 and 2012. Protease and reverse-transcriptase sequences were obtained for subtype characterization, polymorphism analysis, and identification of drug resistance mutations. Of 305 HIV-1 strains, 95.1% were subtype B viruses. The overall prevalence of transmitted drug-resistance mutations (TDRMs) was 4.6% (14/305), ranging from 1.9% to 7.1% depending on the year. This study shows a low level of HIV-1 genetic diversity and a moderate prevalence of TDRMs with no evidence of an increasing trend over the study period. Nevertheless, the strong genetic polymorphism observed on both genes may be of concern for long-term treatment of people living with HIV-1 and thus deserves continuous monitoring.
ISSN: 0889-2229

pasteur-01583613
https://hal-riip.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01583613
https://hal-riip.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01583613/document
https://hal-riip.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01583613/file/2016%20Darcissac%20et%20al.%20ARHR.pdf
DOI : 10.1089/aid.2016.0048

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are increasingly used for biodiversity conservation and the management of sustainable fisheries. The use of taxonomic surrogates in routine monitoring of the reserve effects on fish assemblages may represent a promising method due to its substantial technical and economic benefits. However, higher taxonomic ranks should be used as surrogates with caution, especially for fish, where the approach is still virtually undocumented. This study aims to shed light on relationships between taxonomic relatedness and ecological similarity, which is crucial to assess the relevance of species surrogacy to reflect species-level information and detect changes in fish related to protection regimes. By analyzing data from a Mediterranean MPA, we show that rather being related to taxonomic relationships, the ability of higher taxa to reflect species-level patterns was explained in terms of aggregation level and distribution of species within taxa. Null models using random aggregations of species were created to identify the best surrogates able to depict changes in responses of assemblages to protection observed at the species-level. Comparison of null model predictions with the more classical higher-taxon approach revealed that the latter was not reliable because, unlike null model outcomes, surrogates determined empirically were not relevant for other subsequent independent monitoring. The effectiveness of species surrogates to depict changes in responses of assemblages to protection observed at the species-level depended (1) on the numerical resolution of the aggregation and (2) the magnitude of differences between protected and unprotected locations. Such findings suggest that surrogacy approaches may be applied for routine monitoring of Mediterranean reef fish communities, although mere empirical determinations of sufficient taxonomy seems to be not reliable, legitimizing the use of alternative methods based on null models. Guidelines for the careful use of species surrogacy in the ecological evaluation of MPAs on fish assemblages are provided.
ISSN: 0006-3207

hal-01174428
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01174428
DOI : 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.06.002

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Chemical Society
Résumé : Experiments were conducted to assess the potential impact of fractured well-cement degradation on leakage rate. Permeability was monitored while CO2-enriched reservoir-equilibrated brine was flowed at constant rate through a single fracture in a class G cement core under conditions mimicking geologic sequestration environments (temperature 60 °C, pressure 10 MPa). The results demonstrate that, at least for the conditions used in the experiment, an initial leakage in a 42 μm aperture fracture (permeability = 1.5 × 10-10 m2) can be self-mitigated due to the decrease of the fracture hydraulic aperture after about 15 h. This decrease results from the development of continuous highly hydrated amorphous Si-rich alteration products at the edge of the fracture and the dense carbonation of the bulk cement that mitigate the penetration of the alteration front.
ISSN: 0013-936X

hal-00950088
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00950088
DOI : 10.1021/es401317c

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
A better understanding of the key ecological processes of marine organisms is fundamental to improving design and effective implementation of marine protected areas (MPAs) and marine biodiversity. The movement behavior of coral reef fish is a complex mechanism that is highly linked to species life-history traits, predation risk and food resources. We used passive acoustic telemetry to study monthly, daily and hourly movement patterns and space use in two species, Schoolmaster snapper (Lutjanus apodus) and Stoplight parrotfish (Sparisoma viride). We investigated the spatial overlap between the two species and compared intra-specific spatial overlap between day and night. Presence-absence models showed different diel presence and habitat use patterns between the two species. We constructed a spatial network of the movement patterns, which showed that for both species when fish were detected by the array of receivers most movements were made around the coral reef habitat while occasionally moving to silt habitats. Our results show that most individuals made predictable daily crepuscular migrations between different locations and habitat types, although individual behavioral changes were observed for some individuals across time. Our study also highlights the necessity to consider multiple species during MPA implementation and to take into account the specific biological and ecological traits of each species. The low number of fish detected within the receiver array, as well as the intraspecific variability observed in this study, highlight the need to compare results across species and individuals to be used for MPA management.
ISSN: 0141-1136

hal-01169390
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01169390
DOI : 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.06.004

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Coral reefs are amongst the richest and more emblematic ecosystems of the world. These hotspots of biodiversity provide many services to Human societies, bringing leisure and economic added values. In many areas, especially developing countries, these ecosystems are submitted to both climate change (rise of sea temperature and level, acidification) and human coastal pressures (urbanisation, resources exploitation). In this context, an increasing number of Marine Protected Areas is settled on coral reefs environments in order to ensure their conservation and to mitigate local pressures. Hence, one of MPAs Managers' missions is to bring ecological and social data together to build integrated indicators of effectiveness. In Reunion Island, a MPA called the Marine reserve of La Réunion was settled in 2007 along a densely urbanised and populated fringing reef coast. In order to better evaluate its MPA effectiveness, the manager requires the integration of social stakes to the management plan. A uses monitoring protocol was developed in this purpose using an ultra light aircraft and a camera. Data on 15 different recreational and non-recreational uses were acquired between 2010 and 2013, flying 48 times a year, and entered into a Geographic Information System. A huge resulting database allowed the building of an initial knowledge of the spatio-temporal distribution of uses within the Reserve. It also enabled the analysis of the uses' evolution regarding various factors of variations (amenities, facilities, shark attacks, tourism, etc.). Finally, we assessed the contribution to management efficiency using social indicators (governance, pressure indicators), and to interdisciplinary research in bringing ecologic and uses data together. This thesis brings a brand new information about coastal human activity and spatio-temporal dynamics of direct pressures on reef. This tool, designed to be reproducible and cost-optimized, enables the production of a set of indicators. Its integration to the management plan exclusively depends on the strategic choices of the manager.
Les récifs coralliens figurent parmi les biomes côtiers les plus emblématiques de la planète. Ces points chauds de la biodiversité mondiale sont convoités par les sociétés humaines pour leurs qualités paysagères et leur plus-value économique. Exposés au même titre que de nombreux écosystèmes côtiers aux changements climatiques (élévation de la température, acidification des océans), ils sont de toutes parts soumis à une anthropisation littorale mal maitrisée (urbanisation, surexploitation des ressources). Dans ce contexte, de plus en plus d' Aires Marines Protégées (AMP) s'établissent sur des écosystèmes anthropisés, les amenant à intégrer l'Homme au coeur de la gestion. À La Réunion où l'urbanisation littorale est dense et où le paysage des usages littoraux ne cesse de s’étoffer, une Réserve Naturelle Marine (RNMR) a été établie en 2007 sur un récif frangeant. L’évaluation de l’efficacité de cette AMP par son gestionnaire doit se faire par le biais d'un ensemble d'indicateurs écologiques et socio-économiques. C’est en vue d’apporter des connaissances sur la fréquentation et les usages pratiqués au sein de la RNMR que cette thèse a été initiée. Elaboré sur la base d'un suivi en ULM, un protocole a été reproduit chaque année entre 2010 et 2013 et a permis la constitution d'une base de données spatialisée, dont l'exploitation a produit trois types de résultats: i) une connaissance initiale de la répartition spatio-temporelle des usages au sein de la RNMR; ii) une compréhension de l'évolution des dynamiques spatio-temporelles à la lumière des facteurs de variations identifiés (aménagements, aménités, crise requin, tourisme, etc.), et iii) une contribution à la gestion par le développement d'indicateurs sociaux (gouvernance, pressions), et à la recherche interdisciplinaire par une confrontation des données de fréquentation et des données écologiques du milieu. La réflexion menée dans le cadre de cette thèse apporte un éclairage nouveau sur les usages et la fréquentation des littoraux coralliens à La Réunion, et leur traduction en termes de pression anthropique directe. Pensé pour être reproductible et optimisé en termes de coût, cet outil permet la production d’un ensemble d’indicateurs dont l’intégration au plan de gestion dépend exclusivement des choix stratégiques du gestionnaire.
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01308703

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/
tel-01308703
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01308703
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01308703/document
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01308703/file/Th%C3%A8se_Lemahieu.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Archival Pneumocystis jirovecii specimens from 84 patients monitored at Rennes University Hospital (Rennes, France) were assayed at the dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) locus. No patient was infected with mutants. The results provide additional data showing that P. jirovecii infections involving DHPS mutants do not represent a public health issue in Brittany, western France.
ISSN: 0732-8893

hal-00874675
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00874675
DOI : 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2013.01.018
PUBMED : 23433532

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Geological storage of CO2 is one of diverse technologies being explored to reduce atmospheric carbon fromindustrial processes (i.e. fossil fuel combustion). One of the specific features of CO2 injection is the possibility ofgeochemical reactions (dissolution – precipitation) between mobile reactive brine (e.g. formation water enrichedin CO2) and the host rock during the spatial and temporal evolution of CO2. That leads to modifications in thepore structure, which in turn change the flow dynamics of the reservoir (e.g. the permeability k). Then, thesesstructural modifications can largely control the injectivity, so that the pressure field in the reservoir and also theCO2 propagation. Accordingly, it is crucial to explore the changes in the reservoir properties (e.g. structural andhydrodynamic) induced during a CO2 injection and specially the relationships between them (e.g. k or reactivesurface-Sr versus porosity-φ , k versus rock heterogeneity), for developing predictive modelling tools of thetransport and reaction processes occurring during a CO2 injection and reliable risk assessment. In the case ofcarbonate rocks, the application of the predictive models of transport and reaction is still challenging, because oftheir high heterogeneity so that the incertitude in the reaction kinetics of carbonate minerals.From this perspective, we realized brine-enriched in CO2 percolation experiments through carbonate rocksamples in thermodynamic conditions expected during CO2 injection in deep reservoirs (T = 100°C et P =12MPa). The permeability changes k(t) is monitored during the experiments and the porosity variationφ (t) iscalculated from chemical analyses of the sampled outlet fluids, using ICP-EAS. The pore structure modificationsare investigated from high resolution X ray micro tomography images acquired from the synchrotron ofGrenoble (ESRF). Depending to the dissolution regime, controlled by the reservoir rock fabric and the chemicalcomposition of the brine (e.g. PCO2), we observed that a modification of pore structure can either improve(atypical result in dissolution context) or impair the value of the permeability k.
Le stockage géologique du CO2 est l’une des diverses technologies étant explorées afin deréduire les émissions de carbone atmosphérique des processus industriels (i.e. combustion del’énergie fossile). L’une des spécifiques caractéristiques de l’injection du CO2 en profondeurreste la possibilité de réactions géochimiques (dissolution-précipitation) entre la saumureréactive mobile (e.g. eau de formation enrichie en CO2) et la roche encaissante durantl’évolution spatiale et temporelle du CO2, conduisant à des modifications dans la structure despores et par conséquent dans les propriétés d’écoulement du réservoir (e.g. la perméabilité k).Donc, ces changements structuraux peuvent largement contrôler l’injectivité, ainsi que lechamp de pression dans le réservoir et aussi la propagation du CO2. Il demeure ainsi cruciald’explorer les changement dans les propriétés de réservoirs (e.g. structurales ethydrodynamiques) induits durant une injection de CO2 et explicitement les relations existantesentre eux (e.g. k ou surface réactive-Sr versus porosité-φ , k versus hétérogénéité de la roche),afin de développer des outils de modélisation prédictive des processus de transport etréactionnels se produisant durant une injection de CO2 et d’évaluer de façon fiable les risques.Dans le cas des réservoirs carbonatés, l’application des modèles prédictifs de transport réactifdemeure toujours un enjeu, car contrainte par la forte hétérogénéité en leur sein ainsi que parl’incertitude dans la cinétique de réactions des minéraux carbonatés dans ce contexte. Danscette optique, nous avons réalisé des expériences de percolation à travers des échantillons deroches carbonatées dans les conditions thermodynamiques de stockage en profondeur (T =100°C et P =12 MPa). L’évolution de la perméabilité k(t) est suivie au cours desexpériences ; et la variation de la porosité φ (t) est calculée à partir des résultats d’analyseschimiques au ICP-AES des fluides de sortie échantillonnés. L’investigation des modificationsapportées à la structure des pores est réalisée par le biais de la Micro-Tomographie hauterésolution à rayon X, acquise au synchrotron de Grenoble (e.g. ESRF).Dépendant du régime de dissolution, contrôlé par la fabrique de la roche réservoir et lacomposition chimique de la saumuré chargée en CO2 (e.g. PCO2 engagée), on a observéqu’une modification de la structure de la roche peut soit améliorer soit détériorer (résultatatypique en contexte de dissolution) la valeur de la perméabilité k.
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01142136

tel-01142136
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01142136
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01142136/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01142136/file/thesemangane2013.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
Résumé : International audience
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence and determinants of diabetes in a cohort of HIV-infected adults initiated with combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) in 1997-1999 and followed up to 2009. DESIGN: Prospective study of 1046 patients at 47 French clinical sites. METHODS: Potential determinants of diabetes occurrence, defined by confirmed increased glycemia and/or initiation of antidiabetic treatment, were assessed by a proportional hazards model, including time-updated metabolic parameters and ART exposure. RESULTS: Among the cohort, representing 7846 person-years of follow-up (PYFU), 54% received indinavir, 75% stavudine and 52% didanosine. Overall, 111 patients developed diabetes, with an incidence of 14.1/1000 PYFU (14.6 in men, 12.6 in women). Incidence peaked in 1999-2000 (23.2/1000 PYFU) and decreased thereafter. The incidence of diabetes was associated [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), all P<0.02] with older age (hazard ratio = 2.13 when 40-49 years, hazard ratio = 3.63 when ≥50 years), overweight (hazard ratio = 1.91 for a BMI 25-29 kg/m(2), hazard ratio = 2.85 >30 kg/m(2)), waist-to-hip ratio (hazard ratio = 3.87 for ≥0.97 male/0.92 female), time-updated lipoatrophy (hazard ratio = 2.14) and short-term exposure to indinavir (0-1 year: hazard ratio = 2.53), stavudine (0-1 year: hazard ratio = 2.56, 1-2 years: hazard ratio = 2.65) or didanosine (2-3 years: hazard ratio = 3.16). Occurrence of diabetes was not associated with HIV-related markers, hepatitis C, hypertension or family history of diabetes. Insulin resistance was predictive for incident diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: In this nationwide cohort, followed for 10 years after cART initiation, diabetes incidence peaked in 1990-2000, was markedly higher than that reported for European uninfected or other HIV-infected populations (4-6/1000 PYFU) and linked with age and adiposity. Adiposity and glycemic markers should be monitored in aging HIV-infected patients.
ISSN: 0269-9370

hal-00875222
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875222
DOI : 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32834e8776
PUBMED : 22089377

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Food-grade dairy propionibacteria are nutraceutical producers. They release short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), folic acid and cobalamin, which play a role in intestinal physiology. SCFAs induce apoptosis via the mitochondrial death pathway. We investigated the potential of dairy propionibacteria-fermented products to synergize with drugs used in gastric and colorectal cancer.Fermented milk contained high and viable populations of propionibacteria. This product, as well as its cell-free supernatant, were tested in vitro on gastric HGT-1 and colic HT-29 cells with respect to apoptosis and synergy with known anti-cancer molecules, camptothecin and the human cytokine TRAIL (TNF Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand). Viability was monitored and apoptosis quantified by Hoescht staining, ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential perturbation and caspases activity assay. A transcriptomic study on genome-wide microarray was performed in collaboration with the company Miltenyi.Fermented milk induced cell death in both gastric and colon cancer cells. Characterization of cells revealed cell cycle arrest, drop in intracellular ATP, depolarization of mitochondria, translocation of key apoptosis proteins, processing of caspases and fragmentation of the nucleus. Interestingly, the fermented milk was shown to potentiate the cytotoxic effect of molecules used in cancer chemotherapy, camptothecin and TRAIL. The observed synergistic pro-apoptotic effect between TRAIL and propionibacterial SCFAs depended on death receptors and on caspases, was more lethal on cancer cells than on normal human intestinal epithelial cells (HIEC), and was inhibited by Bcl-2 expression. Transcriptomics revealed that propionibacterial metabolites boosted TRAIL-induced modulation of gene expression in human colon cancer cells.These results open new perspectives in the field of colon cancer cells prevention and/or treatment. The synergy with pro-apoptotic chemotherapy molecules suggests that such a fermented product, or the propionibacterium alone, may be proposed as a food supplement to enhance the effects of anticancer treatments.
The 2nd International conference on Cell Death In Cancer (CDIC)
La Baule, France

hal-01209622
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01209622
PRODINRA : 261291

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
With the health of the world’s oceans threatened as never before, it is becoming increasingly apparent that Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) play a vitally important role in protecting marine and coastal habitats. Management of Marine Protected Areas: A Network Perspective draws on the results of a major EU-sponsored research project related to the establishment of networks of MPAs in the Mediterranean and Black Seas that transpired from February 2011 to January 2016. Featuring contributions by leading university- and national research institute-based scientists, chapters utilize the latest research data and developments in marine conservation policy to explore issues related to ways in which networks of MPAs may amplify the effectiveness and conservation benefits of individual areas within them. Topics addressed include the broader socio-economic impacts of MPAs in the Mediterranean and Black Seas; the use of Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) to resolve conflicts between marine resource use and protection; special protection measures under the EU’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD); ecological value assessments in the Black Sea; the Ecosystem Approach (EA) for managing marine ecosystems; MPAs along Turkey’s Black Sea coast; MPAs and offshore wind farms; and managing and monitoring MPA networks within and between the Black and Mediterranean Seas.Timely and important, Management of Marine Protected Areas: A Network Perspective offers invaluable insights into the role of MPAs in preserving the welfare and long-term viability of our world’s oceans.
Management of Marine Protected Areas: A Network Perspective

ISBN : 978-1-119-07577-6
hal-01562040
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01562040

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD WB Saunders
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Environmental surveillance is important in high-risk areas of hospitals to prevent fungal infections in immunosuppressed patients. Conventional culture methods for enumerating environmental fungi are time-consuming. AIM: In this field study, a solid-phase cytometry technique (SPC) and a more conventional culture-based method to quantify fungal contamination of hospital air and surface samples were compared. METHODS: For the air sampling, a liquid cyclone air sampler was used with a flow rate of 300 L/min for 10 min in each of four hospital locations. Surface swabbing was done in two locations, with two different swab types. Samples from all areas were processed by SPC and by culture on malt extract agar. FINDINGS: The mean airborne concentrations of viable fungi determined by SPC were about 1.5-fold higher than the mean concentrations obtained with the culture-based method. These differences for air samples were significant in three hospital environments. No significant difference was observed for surface samples between the two swab types and between the two analytical methods. One of the prominent advantages of SPC was its rapidity in comparison with the culture-based method (5 h versus 5 days). CONCLUSION: In this study, we showed that SPC allows for rapid monitoring of viable fungi in hospital environments. SPC can thus be used to provide an early warning and a rapid implementation of corrective measures. Viable fungi detection may be an important tool to assess infectious risk in wards with immunosuppressed patients.
ISSN: 0195-6701

hal-00874713
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00874713
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhin.2012.10.004
PUBMED : 23313088