Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
An important hypereosinophilia is usually regarded as an interesting argument of presumption in lymphatic filariasis. This present report concerns 278 Polynesians people infected with Wuchereria bancrofti pacifica. Six kinds of patients were analysed: carriers of microfilarias, patients with elephantiasis, with lymphangitis attacks, new infections, carriers of microfilariasis recently treated with Diethylcarbamazine and, at least, 100 fellows without filariasis. The results which were observed differ, in some aspects, from the usually admitted ideas.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales

hal-00715417
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00715417
PUBMED : 1037617

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Clin Microbiol Infect ABSTRACT: Atypical Toxoplasma gondii strains, unrelated to archetypal clonal lineages (I, II, III), have been reported more frequently over the last decade in areas other than Europe and North America. A newly described form of toxoplasmosis, 'Amazonian toxoplasmosis' (AT), has been reported since 2002 in French Guiana. It is characterized by severe cases and atypical strains linked to a neotropical forest-based cycle. We report on the cases of AT that required intensive care management. We performed a prospective observational study on hospitalized adults in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) from 2002 to 2008. Clinical and laboratory data, microbiological findings and outcomes were recorded. Data, including the ICU simplified acute physiology score and the pneumonia severity index, were calculated. Epidemiological risk factors for AT were assessed through questionnaires. Eleven non-immunodeficient patients were admitted to the ICU in Cayenne for life-threatening pneumonia associated with disseminated toxoplasmosis. Mechanical ventilation was necessary in seven patients, four of whom required immediate orotracheal intubation. Cardiac and ophthalmological abnormalities were found in five and four patients, respectively. One patient died from multiple organ failure. The genetic characterization of Toxoplasma DNA using six microsatellite markers revealed unique and atypical genotypes in eight patients. All patients presented epidemiological risk factors for AT. In French Guiana, significant T. gondii-related infectious syndrome associated with the lungs, a high level of LDH activity and the reported risk factors for AT was strongly suggestive of disseminated toxoplasmosis with a possible trend toward life-threatening pneumonia.
ISSN: 1198-743X

hal-00678752
https://hal-unilim.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00678752
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03648.x
PUBMED : 21958195

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : National audience
The Lesser Antilles subduction zone has produced no recent strong thrust earthquakes, making it difficult to quantify the seismic hazard from such events. The Lesser Antilles arc has a low subduction rate and an accretionary wedge that is very wide at its southern end. To investigate the effect of the wedge on seismogenesis, numerical models of forearc thermal structure were constructed along six transects perpendicular to the arc in order to determine the thermally predicted width of the seismogenic zone. The geometry of each section is constrained by published seismic profiles and crustal models derived from gravity and seismic data and by earthquake hypocenters at depth. A major constraint on the deep part of the model is that mantle temperature beneath the volcanic arc should achieve a temperature of 1,100°C to generate partial melts. Predicted surface heat flow is compared to the available heat flow observations. Thermal modeling results indicate a systematic southward increase in the width of the seismogenic zone, more than doubling in width from north to south and corresponding to a dramatic southward increase in forearc width (distance from the arc to the deformation front of the accretionary wedge). The minimum width of the seismogenic zone (distance between the intersections of the subduction interface with the 150°C and 350°C isotherms) increases from about 80 km, north of 16°N, to 230 km, at 13°N. The maximum width (between the 100°C and 450°C isotherms) ranges from about 150 km in the north to up to 320 km in the south. This large variation in the width of the seismogenic zone is a consequence of the increasing width of the accretionary wedge to the south, caused by the increased thickness of sediment on the subducting plate. There is good agreement between the thermally predicted seismogenic limits and the sparse distribution of recorded thrust earthquakes, which are observed only in the northern portion of the arc. Possible scenarios for mega-thrust earthquakes are discussed. Depending on the segment length (along-strike) of the rupture plane, the occurrence of an event of magnitude 8-9 cannot be excluded.
Bulletin Société Géologique de France

insu-00814056
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00814056
DOI : 10.2113/gssgfbull.184.1-2.47

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag (Germany)
Résumé : 5 pages
International audience
This study investigates the recent evolution of a rich parasite community associated with one of the world's most invasive species, the cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus. Populations from the species' native range (Mozambique) are compared to a population from New Caledonia (Wester Pacific), an island where the species was introduced in 1954. The results support the complete local extinction of the gill parasite community in the course of the invasion process. Up to six gill parasite species per locality were documented in the O. mossambicus native range, and previous surveys consistently reported at least one parasite species introduced along African cichlid species established out of Africa. The absence of parasites in New Caledonia is therefore exceptional. This can be attributed to local factors, such as a strong initial population bottleneck, the likely absence of multiple host introductions, and the frequent occurrence of brackish watersheds that might enhance the probability for natural deparasitation.
ISSN: 0932-0113

hal-01356378
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01356378
PUBMED : 27334451
DOI : 10.1007/s00436-016-5168-1

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD CRDP Guyane : ISBN : 978-2-35793-010-0
Résumé : Cet ouvrage collectif rédigé sous la direction de Rodica AILINCAI et Théophile MEHINTO, principalement structuré autour des problématiques du second degré en Guyane, arrive à point nommé dans un contexte de renouvellement en profondeur de l'enseignement en collège et en lycée. La mise en œuvre du socle commun de connaissances et de compétences instauré par la loi d'orientation sur l'Ecole de 2005, la rénovation de la voie professionnelle ainsi que la concrétisation à la rentrée 2010 de la réforme des lycées d'enseignement général et technologique avec la généralisation de l'accompagnement éducatif : ces évolutions conséquentes sont là pour démontrer la volonté d'adaptation du système éducatif français aux réalités d'aujourd'hui et de demain. Il s'agit de mieux prendre en compte le contexte dans lequel évolue l'élève, de l'accompagner de manière personnalisée dans son projet, d'analyser ses points forts et ses difficultés pour mieux construire avec lui un enseignement qui réponde à ses préoccupations. De même, se manifeste la volonté expresse de prendre en compte l'élève dans sa globalité, et de lui permettre de développer non seulement des savoirs scolaires identifiés en termes de disciplines, mais aussi des compétences larges, transversales, dont chaque enseignant doit se sentir redevable. Ce projet ambitieux prend, à l'évidence, tout son sens dans le cadre particulier de la Guyane. Cette région est, par excellence, une terre de projet et d'expérimentation. Forte de sa jeunesse et de son développement démographique, forte de sa diversité culturelle, véritable passerelle entre l'Europe et l'Amérique du Sud, la Guyane tourne résolument son regard vers l'avenir. Sa richesse se trouve dans les jeunes qui la constituent, et la question éducative est au centre de la problématique du développement de ce département. Aussi n'est-on pas étonné de lire le foisonnement d'activités pédagogiques innovantes qui se dégage de cet ouvrage, toutes destinées à concilier les exigences de l'acquisition des savoirs et l'ambition d'éveil culturel, de sensibilisation au monde moderne, de respect de la culture pa-trimoniale, et de développement de compétences variées chez nos élèves. La question de la maîtrise de la langue française, travaillée dans tous les champs de connaissance, à travers une diversité de projets est évidemment au centre des préoccupations, dans un contexte plurilinguistique que l'on connaît bien. La contribution de l'enseignement scientifique à ces objectifs est, à cet égard, exemplaire. Cet ouvrage s'honore également d'accueillir des contributions mettant en exergue les réussites développées sur d'autres territoires, dans un souci de mutualisation et de confrontation d'idées qui nourrira utilement la réflexion de tous. Les questions éducatives traitées dans cet ouvrage se posent de manière emblématique sur notre territoire, mais sont aussi le reflet de préoccupations universelles, dans un monde où les cultures sont amenées à se côtoyer et à tirer profit les unes des autres. Les professeurs, les éducateurs, l'encadrement et de façon générale tous ceux qui s'intéressent à l'éducation dans ce contexte, y trouveront à n'en pas douter de nombreuses sources d'inspiration et de réflexion. Florence ROBINE, Recteur de l'académie de la Guyane, Chancelier de l'Université.
Ce volume dédié au second degré est la suite logique de l'ouvrage collectif précédemment publié " Pratiques éducatives dans un contexte multiculturel, L'exemple plurilingue de la Guyane ", qui s'adressait aux professeurs des écoles. Le contexte multiculturel et plurilingue de la Guyane, spécificité de notre région et raison principale qui a animé cet ouvrage, se trouve largement abordé dans l'introduction du premier volume ainsi que dans la majorité des articles, notamment chez Gauthier et Ezelin, Alby, Hidair, Ailincai et Bernard, Gourg... S'organisant en quatre parties, ce deuxième volume part des expériences originales et qui ont fait leurs preuves dans le secondaire en Guyane pour arriver à des pistes de réflexion sur des problèmes d'actualité dans l'enseignement en passant par des témoignages sur des expériences venues d'ailleurs. La première partie de notre ouvrage, " Enseigner les sciences et les techniques en contexte multiculturel et plurilingue ", donne aux jeunes professeurs des sciences des exemples d'activités novatrices et des repères théoriques sur la contextualisation didactique en sciences expérimentales -cette condition étant primordiale pour une optimisation de l'enseignement des sciences en contextes didactiques particuliers. La réalisation des activités à caractère spectacu- laire, comme la fabrication et le lancement d'un ballon-sonde offre aux enseignants un support d'apprentissage, de savoirs et de méthodes qui, d'une part s'intègrent dans les programmes scolaires, tout en s'ouvrant aux partenariats et favorisant les projets transversaux et, d'autre part, sensibilise les élèves vivant dans des environnements isolés, parfois dépourvu d'électricité, aux sciences et la technologie. Le lecteur trouvera également des situations exemplaires d'enseignement de la physique-chimie à Mayotte, ou de SVT (sciences de la vie et de la terre) en Guadeloupe. Les dernières contributions de cette partie nous apportent des élé- ments de réponses à travers deux approches théoriques. " Comment les outils informatiques se sont installés dans le paysage scolaire français ? " " Comment s'articulent aujourd'hui pratiques privées et pratiques scolaires dans le domaine des TICE (les technologies de l'information et de la communication) et quel transfert possible des premières vers les secondes ? " " Qu'en est-il des sites isolés de la Guyane concernant l'accès des élèves aux TIC, que ce soit dans le cadre scolaire ou la sphère privée ? " Telles sont les questions auxquelles un des articles va tenter de répondre. L'article suivant s'attachera à répondre aux questions liées à l'enseignement des sciences expérimentales et de la technologie au collège : " Comment s'est construite l'histoire de l'enseignement des sciences expérimentales et de la technologie au collège ? " " Comment comprendre le sens des nouvelles orientations préconisées par le socle commun de connaissances et de compétences ? " " Quels sont les enjeux de la nouvelle structuration du curriculum notamment du pôle scientifique ? " La deuxième partie, " Enseigner le français et les langues en contexte multiculturel et plurilingue ", présente des activités de découverte et plaisir et dresse un tableau de la situation sociolinguistique en nous présentant des recherches originales dans le domaine. Le conte sous sa forme orale et vivante, est utilisé comme moyen de lutte contre l'échec scolaire, ou pour retrouver la confiance et l'estime de soi, ou encore pour instaurer la communication et le désir d'apprendre. L'article suivant présente quelques recherches qui font apparaître des facteurs qui influencent la compréhension et l'usage des expressions idiomatiques dans des contextes de communication et éducatifs au collège, dans un milieu pluriculturel et plurilingue. S'ensuit la présentation du contexte guyanais dans sa diversité linguistique et culturelle à travers deux textes qui nous proposent, d'une part un aperçu des résultats de la recherche dans le domaine du plurilinguisme scolaire dans le département, et d'autre part des pistes d'applications didactiques permettant de faire de ce plurilinguisme un atout pour l'école. Le dernier chapitre de cette partie présente une réflexion sur l'utilisation de l'alternance codique -de la langue maternelle et du français langue de scolarisation-, comme stratégie d'enseignement en contexte bi/plurilingue. La troisième partie de l'ouvrage invite les enseignants à "Diversifier les activités d'apprentissage " à travers la présentation d'activités inédites et transposables à d'autres disciplines. Des activités stimulantes, comme le scrabble, mobilisent des compétences disciplinaires en français, en mathématiques, ainsi que des compétences transversales, en véhiculant auprès des jeunes vivant dans le milieu multiculturel guyanais des valeurs de respect mutuel et d'humilité. Un témoignage sur une expérience inédite, la pratique du cinéma au lycée, présente un travail sur l'image, pour aider les élèves à surmonter leurs difficultés face à l'écrit. Mais qu'en est-il des élèves nouvellement arrivés, non francophones et parfois non scolarisés auparavant ? Des méthodes originales de travail en classe, comme le tutorat entre élèves et la médiation instrumentale, peuvent être mises en place dans toutes les disciplines et paraissent exercer une influence notable tant dans les processus d'apprentissage que dans la sociabilisation des élèves. Pour répondre à la question : " Quels outils et méthodes d'évaluation pour les élèves apparemment différents ? ", un modèle d'évaluation diagnostique pour les élèves entrant en seconde (élaboré et exploité dans un lycée de Mayotte), est présenté aux lecteurs, ainsi que la méthode et le traitement informatisé de ces données, pour permettre une reprise aisée dans d'autres contextes multiculturels et plurilingues. " Pour parfaire sa pratique enseignante ", les lecteurs trouveront dans la dernière partie de notre ouvrage, des contributions permettant des approches théoriques et des recherches d'actualité. A la question " Quel accompagnement éducatif pour optimiser et compléter les dispositifs destinés à favoriser la réussite de tous les élèves ? ", des éléments de réponse sont donnés à travers une présentation qui part des caractéristiques générales de l'accompagnement éducatif vers les activités adaptées aux réalités et spécificités territoriales guyanaises. Et pour continuer dans la sphère de l'approche théorique, la contribution suivante aborde la question de l'évaluation, mettant l'accent sur l'importance de la prise en compte de la diversité cultu- relle, donnée incontournable tant sur le plan méthodologique, qu'au niveau des connaissances et des compétences. La place accordée à la question de l'esclavage dans les programmes sco- laires est abordée à travers l'analyse des contributions de six éditeurs dans les manuels d'Histoire-Géographie de 1998 à 2006 et destinés aux classes de 4e. Pour finir, l'ouvrage présentera une recherche portant sur l'enjeu des phénomènes migratoires sur les identités dites plurielles, en partant de la notion d'insertion et d'intégration vers le " vivre ensemble ".
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00640247

halshs-00640247
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00640247

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Active faults from the Campo de Dalías (SE Betic Cordillera) allow us to constrain the deformation styles involved in the development of segmented oblique-slip faults. This sector constitutes the widest outcrop of Plio-Quaternary sediments in the northern boundary of the Alboran Sea. It has emerged since the Late Pliocene, and therefore provides recent deformation markers that are not disturbed by erosive processes. The faults started to grow during the Pleistocene, reactivating previous hybrid joints, with a normal-dextral slip. We present a detailed map of the largest fault in the area, the Loma del Viento fault, comprising six onshore segments. Based on field work and aerial photography, the distributions of the contiguous joints have been mapped, and the joints reactivated as faults are identified. Some of these fault segments are hard-linked, and fault slip enhances toward the linkage sectors between them with associated sedimentary depocenters. An electrical tomography profile reveals the wedge geometry of a unit of Pleistocene conglomerates and red silts that were coevally deposited during the fault movement. Long-term slip rate in the central part of the fault is estimated at 0.07 ± 0.03 mm/y. In addition, a seismic crisis nucleated close to the Loma del Viento fault during November 2010 was recorded. Moment tensor analysis of the two mainshocks (Mw 3.5 and 4.2) provides a focal solution indicating a N120°E striking right-lateral strike-slip fault. The corrugated morphology of the Loma del Viento fault may have influenced its seismic behavior. Some of the fault segments are oblique to the general motion of the fault. These oblique segments would provide higher resistance against the general fault motion and could lock the fault, leading to accumulate elastic energy.
ISSN: 0040-1951

hal-00750357
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00750357
DOI : 10.1016/j.tecto.2011.12.001

Résumé : Après un rappel des objectifs, du fonctionnement et de la méthode d’interprétation des résultats du réseau de contrôle microbiologique REMI et du réseau de surveillance chimique ROCCH, ce rapport inclut un bilan national et décrit le programme annuel du département du Morbihan. Il présente l’ensemble des résultats obtenus, en particulier l’estimation de la qualité microbiologique et chimique des zones de production de coquillages classées. L’évaluation de la qualité des zones de production sur la période 2012-2014 (2011-2014 pour les classements saisonniers) révèle une qualité B pour neuf zones actuellement classées A pour le groupe 3 (dont 6 zones classées en A de façon saisonnière) et une qualité C pour quatre zones actuellement classées B pour le groupe 2 (dont 1 zone classée en B de façon saisonnière). L’année 2014 a vu une diminution considérable du nombre d’alertes par rapport à 2013, avec 9 alertes de niveau 1 (déclenchées dans le cadre de la surveillance régulière) dont 3 avec persistance de la contamination (alerte de niveau 2). L’analyse statistique des tendances sur les 10 dernières années ne met en évidence aucune tendance pour la plupart des zones. Seules six zones confirment une tendance à la dégradation. La qualité chimique est très satisfaisante sur toutes les stations.

Droits : 2015 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00260/37094/35604.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00260/37094/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD SAGE Publications (UK and US)
Résumé : International audience
In the literature, the enamelin gene ENAM has been repeatedly designated as a possible candidate for caries susceptibility. Here, we checked whether ENAM variants could increase caries susceptibility. To this aim, we sequenced coding exons and exon-intron boundaries of ENAM in 250 children with a severe caries phenotype and in 149 caries-free patients from 9 French hospital groups. In total, 23 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found, but none appeared to be responsible for a direct change of ENAM function. Six SNPs had a high minor allele frequency (MAF) and 6 others were identified for the first time. Statistical and evolutionary analyses showed that none of these SNPs was associated with caries susceptibility or caries protection when studied separately and challenged with environmental factors. However, haplotype interaction analysis showed that the presence, in a same variant, of 2 exonic SNPs (rs7671281 and rs3796704; MAF 0.12 and 0.10, respectively), both changing an amino acid in the protein region encoded by exon 10 (p.I648T and p.R763Q, respectively), increased caries susceptibility 2.66-fold independent of the environmental risk factors. These findings support ENAM as a gene candidate for caries susceptibility in the studied population.
ISSN: 0022-0345

hal-01545476
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01545476
DOI : 10.1177/0022034514522060

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : National audience
Objectif L’objectif était de décrire la fréquence de recours et les caractéristiques de la prophylaxie antifongique systémique chez des patients présentant hémopathie maligne. Méthodes Étude multicentrique, transversale, prospective conduite dans 24 services d’hématologie (717 lits dont 368 stériles) sur 5 jours consécutifs chez des patients adultes ou pédiatriques hospitalisés avec une hémopathie maligne. Résultats Les 494 patients inclus ont été classés en 4 groupes selon leur risque d’infection fongique invasive : groupe 1 : patients allogreffés (n = 147) ; groupe 2 : patients LAM/SMD non allogreffés (n = 131) ; groupe 3 : patients LAL non allogreffés (28,0 % de < 18 ans) ; groupe 4 : patients MM, LH, LNH et autres (n = 145). Deux cent quarante-six patients ont bénéficié d’une stratégie antifongique systémique. Quatre-vingt-quinze sur 119 (79,8 %) patients du groupe 1, 56/78 (71,8 %) du groupe 2, 12/19 (63,2 %) du groupe 3 et 24/30 (80,0 %) du groupe 4 ont bénéficié d’une stratégie antifongique systémique prophylactique. Cinquante pour cent des patients des groupes 2 et 3 présentaient une neutropénie de plus de 10 jours versus 17 % pour les groupes 1 et 4. Quatre-vingt-deux pour cent (78/95) et 73 % (41/56) des patients des groupes 1 et 2 ont été placés en chambre stérile versus 50 % (6/12) dans le groupe 3 et 54 % (13/24) dans le groupe 4. Dans le groupe 1 : 75 % (71/95) des patients ont reçu un azolé, généralement du fluconazole (44/71) ; 13/95 ont reçu une échinocandine généralement de la caspofungine (11/13) ; 11/95 ont reçu un polyène. Dans le groupe 2 : 89 % (50/56) des patients ont reçu un azolé, généralement le posaconazole (35/56) ; 6/56 un polyène et 1/56 une échinocandine. Dans le groupe 3 : 33 % (4/12) des patients ont reçu du fluconazole po ; 3/12 du posaconazole, 3/12 un polyène et 3/12 une échinocandine. Dans le groupe 4 : 92 % (22/24) des patients ont reçu un azolé, généralement du posaconazole (16/24) ; 1/24 un polyène et 1/24 une échinocandine. Conclusion La prophylaxie antifongique est dorénavant la stratégie antifongique dominante. Soixante-seize pour cent des patients traités en ont bénéficié. Elle est principalement basée sur les azolés po : le fluconazole est utilisé chez les patients allogreffés neutropéniques en association au traitement de l’air et les patients à faible risque (groupe 4) ; le posaconazole est principalement utilisé dans les LAM/SMD mais également dans les LAL non allogreffées. Les échinocandines sont majoritairement utilisées chez les patients à haut risque
Congrès de la SFMM
Talence-Bordeaux, France

hal-01198634
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01198634
DOI : 10.1016/j.mycmed.2015.06.020

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
We report paleomagnetic results from four overlapping stratigraphic sections (55 flows) through the lava pile in Tjörnes peninsula (North Iceland). The initial aim of our study was to check the existence of intermediate directions previously interpreted as belonging to the Matuyama-Brunhes geomagnetic reversal (MBR), and complete this record with Thellier-Thellier paleointensity determinations and 40Ar/39Ar radioisotopic dating. The directional results corroborate the findings by Kristjánsson et al. (1988): a sequence of reversed, transitional, normal, and transitional polarity (R-T-N-T) is found in each section. The polarity change is characterized by a jump from reversed virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs) to a quasi-cluster of transitional VGPs located over China, followed by a second jump to a cluster of normal polarity before moving again towards intermediate polarities. Reversely magnetized flows exhibit a magnetic mineralogy well suited for paleointensity determination. Of these 25 flows, 20 yielded paleointensity estimates of good quality. Unfortunately, the systematic presence of coarse multidomain (MD) titanomagnetite in the transitional and normal polarity flows hampered paleointensity estimates for these flows. The Virtual Dipole Moments (VDM) calculated for the reversed polarity flows vary from 4.9 to 7.0 × 1022 Am2 with an arithmetic mean value of 5.5 ± 0.8 × 1022 Am2. This value is identical to the mean VDM obtained for the 0.3-5 Ma time window and thus strengthens the conclusion that the recent geomagnetic field strength is anomalously high compared to that older than 0.3 Ma. 40Ar/39Ar isochron ages were obtained with the incremental heating technique on groundmass separates or phenocryst-poor whole rock samples. Six of the transitionally magnetized lavas yielded isochron ages that are indistinguishable from one another at the 95% confidence level. The weighted average age is 862 ± 51 ka. In the upper part of this volcanic sequence, the normally magnetized flows yielded a weighted average age of 787 ± 40 ka. This finding supports the conclusion that a geomagnetic excursion within the Matuyama chron is recorded in the lower part of the Tjörnes volcanic sequence, whereas only the latest portion of the MBR is recorded by flows in the upper part of the lava pile. This conclusion is supported via comparison of the VGPs obtained from the lavas with those predicted by a geomagnetic field model.
ISSN: 0012-821X

hal-00618515
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00618515
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00618515/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00618515/file/Camps-epsl2011.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2011.07.026

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The ‘International Intercomparison Exercise of fCO₂ Systems’ was carried out in 1996 during the R/V Meteor Cruise 36/1 from Bermuda/UK to Gran Canaria/Spain. Nine groups from six countries (Australia, Denmark, France, Germany, Japan, USA) participated in this exercise, bringing together 15 participants with seven underway fugacity of carbon dioxide (fCO₂) systems, one discrete fCO₂ system, and two underway pH systems, as well as systems for discrete measurement of total alkalinity and total dissolved inorganic carbon. Here, we compare surface seawater fCO₂ measured synchronously by all participating instruments. A common infrastructure (seawater and calibration gas supply), different quality checks (performance of calibration procedures for CO2, temperature measurements) and a common procedure for calculation of final fCO₂ were provided to reduce the largest possible amount of controllable sources of error. The results show that under such conditions underway measurements of the fCO₂ in surface seawater and overlying air can be made to a high degree of agreement (±1 μatm) with a variety of possible equilibrator and system designs. Also, discrete fCO₂ measurements can be made in good agreement (±3 μatm) with underway fCO₂ data sets. However, even well-designed systems, which are operated without any obvious sign of malfunction, can show significant differences of the order of 10 μatm. Based on our results, no “best choice” for the type of the equilibrator nor specifics on its dimensions and flow rates of seawater and air can be made in regard to the achievable accuracy of the fCO₂ system. Measurements of equilibrator temperature do not seem to be made with the required accuracy resulting in significant errors in fCO₂ results. Calculation of fCO₂ from high-quality total dissolved inorganic carbon (CT) and total alkalinity (AT) measurements does not yield results comparable in accuracy and precision to fCO₂ measurements.
ISSN: 0304-4203

hal-01245605
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01245605
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-4203(00)00080-3

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Résumé : International audience
Background. Adverse psychosocial working environments characterized by job strain (the combination of high demands and low control at work) are associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms among employees, but evidence on clinically diagnosed depression is scarce. We examined job strain as a risk factor for clinical depression. Method. We identified published cohort studies from a systematic literature search in PubMed and PsycNET and obtained 14 cohort studies with unpublished individual-level data from the Individual-Participant-Data Meta-analysis in Working Populations (IPD-Work) Consortium. Summary estimates of the association were obtained using random-effects models. Individual-level data analyses were based on a pre-published study protocol. Results. We included six published studies with a total of 27 461 individuals and 914 incident cases of clinical depression. From unpublished datasets we included 120 221 individuals and 982 first episodes of hospital-treated clinical depression. Job strain was associated with an increased risk of clinical depression in both published [relative risk (RR) = 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47-2.13] and unpublished datasets (RR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.04-1.55). Further individual participant analyses showed a similar association across sociodemographic subgroups and after excluding individuals with baseline somatic disease. The association was unchanged when excluding individuals with baseline depressive symptoms (RR = 1.25, 95% CI 0.94-1.65), but attenuated on adjustment for a continuous depressive symptoms score (RR = 1.03, 95% CI 0.81-1.32). Conclusions. Job strain may precipitate clinical depression among employees. Future intervention studies should test whether job strain is a modifiable risk factor for depression.
ISSN: 0033-2917

hal-01560152
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01560152
DOI : 10.1017/S003329171600355X
PUBMED : 28122650

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
Introduction The Latitudinal Gradient Hypothesis (LGH) foresees that specialized metabolites are overexpressed under low latitudes, where organisms are subjected to higher herbivory pressure. The widespread macroalga Asparagopsis taxiformis is composed of six distinct genetic lineages, some of them being introduced in many regions. Objectives To study (i) metabolic fingerprints of the macroalga and (ii) its bioactivity in space and time, both as proxies of its investment in defensive traits, in order to assess links between bioactivities and metabotypes with macroalgal invasiveness. Methods 289 macroalgal individuals, from four tropical and three temperate regions, were analyzed using untargeted metabolomics and the standardized Microtox (R) assay. Results Metabotypes showed a low divergence between tropical and temperate populations, while bioactivities were higher in temperate populations. However, these phenotypes varied significantly in time, with a higher variability in tropical regions. Bioactivities were high and stable in temperate regions, whereas they were low and much variable in tropical regions. Although the introduced lineage two exhibited the highest bioactivities, this lineage could also present variable proliferation fates. Conclusion The metabolomic approach partly discriminates macroalgal populations from various geographic origins. The production of chemical defenses assessed by the bioactivity assay does not match the macroalgal genetic lineage and seems more driven by the environment. The higher content of chemical defenses in temperate versus tropical populations is not in accordance with the LGH and cannot be related to the invasiveness of the macroalgae.
ISSN: 1573-3882

hal-01681538
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01681538
DOI : 10.1007/s11306-017-1169-z

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley-Blackwell
Résumé : International audience
Six morphotypes of small mussels (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) were found attached to naturally sunken wood collected in the Bohol Sea (Philippines). These specimens are related to the large Bathymodiolus mussels that are found worldwide at cold seeps and hydrothermal vents. In these habitats, the mytilids harbour sulphur- and methane-oxidizing endosymbionts in their gills and depend on the energy and carbon provided by the symbionts. In this study, bacteria associated with the gills of wood-associated mussels are characterized using molecular and microscopic techniques. The existence of bacteria in the lateral zone of gill filaments in all specimens is demonstrated. Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene and adenosine 5′-phosphosulphate (APS) reductase gene sequences indicate that the bacteria are closely related to sulphur-oxidizing endosymbionts of Bathymodiolus. FISHs using specific probes confirm that sulphur oxidizers are by far the most abundant, if not the only bacteria present. Electron micrographs displayed mostly extracellular bacteria located between microvilli at the apical surface of host gill epithelial cells all along the lateral zone of each gill filament. In some specimens, occasional occurrence of intracellular bacteria with similar morphology was noted. This study provides the first molecular evidence for the presence of possible thiotrophic symbiosis in sunken wood ecosystems. With their epibiotic bacteria, wood-associated mussels display a less integrated type of interaction than described in their seep, vent and whale fall relatives.
ISSN: 0168-6496

hal-00715244
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00715244
DOI : 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2008.00438.x

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Chemical Society
Résumé : 8 pages
International audience
In the protected area of the Cévennes National Park (Southern France), 114 wild brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) were captured at six locations affected to different extents by historical mining and metallurgy dating from the Iron Age to Modern Times. Cadmium and lead in trout livers and muscles reflect high sediment contamination, although an age-related effect was also detected for hepatic metal concentrations. Lead isotope signatures confirm exposure to drainage from mining and metallurgical waste. Developmental instability, assessed by fluctuating asymmetry, is significantly correlated with cadmium and lead concentrations in trout tissues, suggesting that local contamination may have affected fish development. Nowadays, the area is among the least industrialized in France. However, our results show that 60% of the specimens at one site exceed EU maximum allowed cadmium or lead concentration in foodstuffs. The mining heritage should not be neglected when establishing strategies for long-term environmental management.
ISSN: 0013-936X

hal-00621255
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00621255
DOI : 10.1021/es200755n
PUBMED : 21739978

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) are commonly present in dwellings and several are suspected of having effects on male reproductive function mediated by an endocrine disruption mode of action. To improve knowledge of the health impact of these compounds, cumulative toxicity indicators are needed. This work derives Benchmark Doses (BMD) and Relative Potency Factors (RPF) for SVOCs acting on the male reproductive system through the same mode of action. We included SVOCs fulfilling the following conditions: detection frequency (>10%) in French dwellings, availability of data on the mechanism/mode of action for male reproductive toxicity, and availability of comparable dose-response relationships. Of 58 SVOCs selected, 18 induce a decrease in serum testosterone levels. Six have sufficient and comparable data to derive BMDs based on 10 or 50% of the response. The SVOCs inducing the largest decrease in serum testosterone concentration are: for 10%, bisphenol A (BMD10= 7.72E-07 mg/kg bw/d; RPF10= 7033679); for 50%, benzo[a]pyrene (BMD50= 0.030 mg/kg bw/d; RPF50= 1630), and the one inducing the smallest one is benzyl butyl phthalate (RPF10 and RPF50= 0.095). This approach encompasses contaminants from diverse chemical families acting through similar modes of action, and makes possible a cumulative risk assessment in indoor environments. The main limitation remains the lack of comparable toxicological data.
ISSN: 0273-2300

hal-01237085
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01237085
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01237085/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01237085/file/Multiple%20exposures%20to%20indoor%20contaminants_accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.11.017

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: There is no recommendation for treating pulmonary hypertension (PH) when associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of PH-specific therapy in patients with COPD. METHODS: All successive patients with severe PH [mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) ≥35 mm Hg] and COPD, who received specific PH medication and who underwent right heart catheterization at baseline and after 3-12 months of treatment, were analyzed from a prospective database. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients were included with a median follow-up of 14 months. Mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s was 57 ± 20% of predicted, and mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity was 47 ± 12%. Dyspnea was New York Health Association classification stage (NYHA) II in 15%, NYHA III in 81% and NYHA IV in 4%. First-line treatments were endothelin receptor antagonists in 11 patients, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors in 11 patients, calcium blocker in 1 patient, combination therapy in 3 patients including 2 with a prostanoid. After 6 ± 3 months, pulmonary vascular resistance decreased from 8.5 ± 3 to 6.6 ± 2 Wood units (p extless 0.001), with significant improvement of cardiac index from 2.44 ± 0.43 to 2.68 ± 0.63 liters × min × m-2 (p = 0.015) and mPAP from 48 ± 9 to 42 ± 10 mm Hg (p = 0.008). There was no significant difference in dyspnea, 6-min walking distance, echocardiographic parameters or N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels. There was no significant difference in arterial oxygen saturation after 3-12 months of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Specific PH medications may improve hemodynamic parameters in COPD patients with severe PH. Appropriate prospective randomized studies are needed to evaluate the potential long-term clinical benefit of treatment
Respiration; International Review of Thoracic Diseases

hal-01239807
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01239807
DOI : 10.1159/000431380
PUBMED : 26277885

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : Outcrossing rates, pollen dispersal and male mating success were assessed in Dicorynia guianensis Amshoff, a neotropical tree endemic to the Guiana shield. All adult trees within a continuous area of 40 ha (n = 157) were mapped, and were genotyped with six microsatellite loci. In addition, progenies were genotyped from 22 mature trees. At the population level, the species was mostly outcrossing (tm = 0.89) but there was marked variation among individuals. One tree exhibited mixed mating, confirming earlier results obtained with isozymes that D. guianensis can tolerate selfing. A Bayesian extension of the fractional paternity method was used for paternity analysis, and was compared with the neighbourhood method used widely for forest trees. Both methods indicated that pollen dispersal was only weakly related to distance between trees within the study area, and that the majority (62%) of pollen came from outside the study stand. Using maximum likelihood, male potential population size was estimated to be 1119, corresponding to a neighbourhood size of 560 hectares. Male mating success was, however, related to the diameter of the stem and to flowering intensity assessed visually. The mating behaviour of D. guianensis is a combination of long-distance pollen flow and occasional selfing. The species can still reproduce when it is extremely rare, either by selfing or by dispersing pollen at long distances. These results, together with the observation that male mating success was correlated with the size of the trees, could be implemented in management procedures aiming at regenerating the species
ISSN: 0962-1083

hal-01032227
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032227
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02127.x

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : We conducted a rigorous test of tropical tree seedling microhabitat differentiation by examining microhabitat associations, survival and growth of established seedlings of ten tropical tree species representing a four-factor gradient in seed size. Eight microhabitat variables describing soil and light conditions were measured directly adjacent to each of 588 seedlings within twelve 10×100 m belt transects at Paracou, French Guiana, and at 264 reference points along the transects. From these measurements, we defined three principal components describing soil richness, soil softness and canopy openness. Six of ten species (in 9 of 30 total cases) were distributed non-randomly with respect to microhabitat along at least one principal component. However, few species demonstrated clear microhabitat specialization. All shifts in distribution relative to reference points were in the same direction (richer, softer soil). Furthermore, of 135 pairwise comparisons among the species, only 7 were significantly different. More than three-fourths of all seedlings (75.3%) survived over the 2-year monitoring period, but survival rates varied widely among species. In no case was the probability of survival influenced by any microhabitat parameter. Relative height growth rates for the seedlings over 2 years varied from -0.031 cm cm-1 year-1 (Dicorynia guianensis, Caesalpiniaceae) to 0.088 cm cm-1 year-1 (Virola michelii, Myristicaceae). In only 4 of 30 cases was height growth significantly associated with one of the three principal components. Because the conditions in this study were designed to maximize the chance of finding microhabitat differentiation among a group of species differing greatly in life history traits, the lack of microhabitat specialization it uncovered suggests that microhabitat partitioning among tropical tree species at the established seedling stage is unlikely to contribute greatly to coexistence among these species.
ISSN: 0029-8549

hal-01031928
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01031928
DOI : 10.1007/s00442-004-1691-3

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: We aimed to assess, for the first time, the nature of the indoor air contamination of hospitals. METHODS AND FINDINGS: More than 40 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including aliphatic, aromatic and halogenated hydrocarbons, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, ethers and terpenes were measured in a teaching hospital in France, from sampling in six sampling sites--reception hall, patient room, nursing care, post-anesthesia care unit, parasitology-mycology laboratory and flexible endoscope disinfection unit--in the morning and in the afternoon, during three consecutive days. Our results showed that the main compounds found in indoor air were alcohols (arithmetic means ± SD: 928±958 µg/m³ and 47.9±52.2 µg/m³ for ethanol and isopropanol, respectively), ethers (75.6±157 µg/m³ for ether) and ketones (22.6±20.6 µg/m³ for acetone). Concentrations levels of aromatic and halogenated hydrocarbons, ketones, aldehydes and limonene were widely variable between sampling sites, due to building age and type of products used according to health activities conducted in each site. A high temporal variability was observed in concentrations of alcohols, probably due to the intensive use of alcohol-based hand rubs in all sites. Qualitative analysis of air samples led to the identification of other compounds, including siloxanes (hexamethyldisiloxane, octamethyltrisiloxane, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane), anesthetic gases (sevoflurane, desflurane), aliphatic hydrocarbons (butane), esters (ethylacetate), terpenes (camphor, α-bisabolol), aldehydes (benzaldehyde) and organic acids (benzoic acid) depending on sites. CONCLUSION: For all compounds, concentrations measured were lower than concentrations known to be harmful in humans. However, results showed that indoor air of sampling locations contains a complex mixture of VOCs. Further multicenter studies are required to compare these results. A full understanding of the exposure of healthcare workers and patients to complex mixtures of chemical compounds can then be related to potential health outcomes.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-00874694
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00874694
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00874694/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00874694/file/VOC_Contamination-accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0055535