Résumé : This work is in line with the fishing technology section of the DUHAL (Durability of Halieutic activities) action. It aims to reduce the "side" catches associated with shrimp fishing in French Guyana. Shrimp trawling is indeed considered as one of the fishing activities which generates the most waste. The campaign carried out in November/December 2006 had lead to the following conclusions [...]
Ce travail s'inscrit dans le volet technologie pêche de l'action DUHAL (DUrabilité des activités HALieutiques). Son objectif est de réduire sensiblement les captures accessoires associées à la pêche crevettière guyanaise. En effet, le chalutage crevettier est considéré comme une des activités de pêche professionnelle le plus génératrices de gaspillage. La campagne menée en novembre/décembre 2006 avait conduit aux conclusions suivantes : Fenêtre à mailles carrées de 100 mm Les dispositifs à mailles carrées de 100 mm à la jauge, placés sur le dessus de la rallonge, occasionnent des pertes très importantes en crevettes commerciales. Différentes raisons peuvent expliquer ce résultat : − L'emplacement de la fenêtre est sans doute trop près de la poche. Le périmètre de la poche est de 120 mailles de 45 mm à la jauge, or la dimension de la fenêtre est peut être trop importante par rapport à ce périmètre. − Un maillage réduit pourrait diminuer ces pertes. Les résultats sur les poissons de grande taille indiquent une capture plus importante avec le chalut sélectif. L'amélioration de la filtration du chalut imputable aux grandes mailles peut expliquer ce phénomène déjà rencontré dans d'autres pêcheries. Les résultats sur les rejets sont encourageants. Fenêtre à mailles carrées de 70 mm Le dispositif à mailles carrées de 70 mm à la jauge, placé sur le dessus du gorget, occasionne encore des pertes en crevettes non négligeables, bien que sérieusement réduites par rapport au dispositif à mailles de 100 mm. L'action sur les animaux de grande taille est faible. La réduction des captures accessoires (8%) est plus modeste qu'avec le dispositif précédent (23 et 30%). TED L'usage du TED conduit à une perte en crevettes encore importante (23%). Considérant les conditions de pêche guyanaises, on peut envisager d'ajouter à l'avant de la grille un voile concentrateur. Ce dernier permettra de canaliser les différents animaux sur le bas de la grille avant le tri et permettra sans doute de réduire les pertes en crevettes. L'action sur les animaux de grande taille est assez sensible, en particulier sur les raies. L'action sur les rejets est visible (25%) et va dans le sens de la réduction du « gaspillage » pour cette pêcherie.Suite à ces essais et aux travaux menés en juillet 2006, une nouvelle campagne d'essais a été programmée pour valider définitivement les résultats liés à l'usage d'un TED et pour tester un nouveau dispositif sélectif (grille Nordmore) associé à un BRD (Bycatch Reducing Device) particulier, le RES (Radial Escape Section).

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/rapport-6683.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6683/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : Since 1980 a programme of Fish Aggregation Device (fad) deployment has been carried out in the Cook Islands. Government has deployed all fads between 1 to 3 nautical miles from shore at depths ranging from 800 to 1,600 metres. The fads have undergone various designs with varying degrees of success. The average fad lifespan during the early 1980s was nine months; however, it increased to 18 months, with some fads in operation in excess of 30 months. Each fad cost between nz$ 7,000 and nz$ 9,000 to build and deploy. Since their introduction, fad have been widely accepted as a very effective apparatus in coastal small-scale fishing activities, specifically for pelagic species. Judging by the progressive behaviour of local fishing communities, there is sufficient reason to believe that fads have created productive fishing zones for Cook Islands fishermen to enable them to supply the ever-increasing local market for fresh fish. fads are an integral part of local fishing communities and provide a reasonable form of income to the increasing fishing community.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15323/12654.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15323/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley-Blackwell Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Rhodamine 123 is a fluorescent cationic dye commonly used as a mitochondrial probe and known or suspected to be transported by certain drug membrane transporters. The present study was designed to characterize the putative interactions of rhodamine 123 with human organic cation transporter (OCT) 1 and OCT2. Intracellular uptake of the dye was demonstrated to be enhanced in both hOCT1- and hOCT2-overexpressing HEK293 cells when compared with control HEK293 cells. This increase of rhodamine 123 influxes was found to be a saturable carrier-mediated process, with low K(m) values (K(m) = 0.54 μm and K(m ) = 0.61 μm for transport of the dye in hOCT1- and hOCT2-positive HEK293 cells, respectively). Known inhibitors of hOCT1 and hOCT2 activities such as verapamil, amitriptyline, prazosin, and quinine were next demonstrated to decrease rhodamine 123 accumulation in hOCT1- and hOCT2-overexpressing HEK293 cells. In addition, the dye was found to inhibit hOCT1- and hOCT2-mediated uptake of tetraethylammonium (TEA), a model substrate for both hOCT1 and hOCT2; rhodamine 123 appeared nevertheless to be a more potent inhibitor of hOCT1-mediated TEA transport (IC(50) = 0.37 μm) than of that mediated by hOCT2 (IC(50 ) = 61.5 μm). Taken together, these data demonstrate that rhodamine 123 is a high-affinity substrate for both hOCT1 and hOCT2. This dye may be therefore useful for fluorimetrically investigating cellular hOCT1 or hOCT2 activity, knowing, however, that other factors potentially contributing to cellular accumulation of rhodamine 123, including mitochondrial membrane potential or expression of the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein, have also to be considered.
ISSN: 0767-3981

inserm-00872840
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00872840
DOI : 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2012.01071.x
PUBMED : 22913740

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
This paper investigates the narrative challenges and opportunities that contemporary virology offers to popular science and to fiction. The study of viruses reveals extremely complex relations, playing out over different physical and temporal scales. Viruses constitute a heterogeneous population whose interactions with living organisms occur on multiple levels, and whose numbers are vastly superior to human and even bacterial populations on earth. The resulting challenges for narration can be grouped into three main formal questions. The first is the problem of scale, since the numbers and sizes of virus and host populations are vastly different, as are the temporalities over which they transform and survive. The second is the complexity of actants, since viruses are involved in relations where destruction and mutual benefit can overlap, and genetic transformations are played out over many generations. The third is the choice of images through which to convey their behaviours: many existing metaphors in microbiology, such as “chimeras”, “parasites” or “kill-the-winner dynamics”, carry the narrative potential of a mythological and/or theatrical imagination.These questions will first be examined as challenges encountered in the narration of biology for vulgarization purposes, and effects on narrative forms will be outlined: shifts in focalization in order to create multiscalar perspectives; unstable actantial models as expressions of complex relations; and the use or resistance to narrative structures implied by several key metaphors in virological discourse. These formal characteristics will then be presented through two case studies drawn from contemporary fiction. In his “scientific fable” Conflits Intérieurs (2015), microbiologist Eric Bapteste creates a multiscalar narrative by using humans and viruses as both protagonists and narrators in a battle of ideas. In the graphic novel aâma (2011-2014), Frederik Peeters explores the ambiguous potential, both symbiotic and threatening, of a meta-organism uniting humans with microscopic agents. Both these novels play with scale, metaphor and actants so as to question the fundaments of human identity. They posit the act of narration as a defining human attribute, and consequently use the narrative voice as an arena in which we observe the weakening of the notion of the subject by microbiology.
“Narrative, Cognition & Science” Symposium
Erlangen, Germany

hal-01434744
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01434744

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : L'HNE et la Lf sont des protéines particulières car impliquées dans de nombreux processus physiologiques et pathologiques différents, connues comme des marqueurs de l'inflammation (inflammations pulmonaires et maladie de Crohn). Nous avons déterminé leur mécanisme d'action dans le cadre de la drépanocytose, une maladie génétique particulièrement polymorphe. Nous avons montré la présence de mutations inédites des gènes codant ces deux protéines dans le cas de la drépanocytose, mutations pouvant affecter le niveau d'expression et la structure de ces protéines. Des études sont en cours actuellement pour déterminer l'effet de ces mutations.
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00201470

hal-00201470
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00201470
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00201470/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00201470/file/PolyHL_Marianne_v1.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Zebrafish, Danio rerio, is increasingly used as an animal model to study the effects of pharmaceuticals and environmental estrogens. As most of these estrogens have only been tested on human estrogen receptors (ERs), it is necessary to measure their effects on zebrafish ERs. In humans there are two distinct nuclear ERs (hERα and hERβ), whereas the zebrafish genome encodes three ERs, zfERα and two zfERβs (zfERβ1 and zfERβ2). In this study, we established HeLa-based reporter cell lines stably expressing each of the three zfERs. We first reported that estrogens more efficiently activate the zfERs at 28°C as compared to 37°C, thus reflecting the physiological temperature of zebrafish in wildlife. We then showed significant differences in the ability of agonist and antagonist estrogens to modulate activation of the three zfER isotypes in comparison to hERs. Environmental compounds (bisphenol A, alkylphenols, mycoestrogens) which are hER panagonists and hERβ selective agonists displayed greater potency for zfERα as compared to zfERβs. Among hERα selective synthetic agonists, PPT did not activate zfERα while 16α-LE2 was the most zfERα selective compound. Altogether, these results confirm that all hER ligands control in a similar manner the transcriptional activity of zfERs although significant differences in selectivity were observed among subtypes. The zfER subtype selective ligands that we identified thus represent new valuable tools to dissect the physiological roles of the different zfERs. Finally, our work also points out that care has to be taken in transposing the results obtained using the zebrafish as a model for human physiopathology.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

hal-01063914
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01063914
DOI : 10.1016/j.taap.2014.07.020

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : contient des versions PDF d'articles scientifiques (versions éditeur)
Spectrins are actin binding proteins that constitute the main components of membrane skeletons, the protein network located under the plasma membrane. Erythroid or non erythroid (in this case, they are called fodrins), spectrins play an important structural function in the membrane as demonstrated in the red blood cell. Spectrins are composed of two long α and β chains, associated in tetramers (αβ)2, forming the long flexible filaments of the network. Both chains are composed of repeating units which are folded in a triple helical arrangement (A, B and C helices), except for segment α10 which corresponds to a Src Homology 3 domain (SH3). The head-to-head interaction between dimers implies the N-terminal end of α chain and the C-terminal end of β chain. A model was proposed for the tetramerization site of spectrin : the two A and B helices of the last repeat of α chain interact with the C helix of the β chain in order to constitute a triple-helical structure similar to the repeats along the remainder of spectrin molecule. This model was first inferred from the relationship between the severity of the spectrin self-association defect and the location of the underlying mutations found in hereditary elliptocytosis (HE). Using recombinant peptides we defined the region, on both chains, which was sufficient and necessary to generate a fully functional tetramerization site. Producing peptides carrying a βHE mutation, we reproduced the tetramerization defect as observed in red blood cells of patients.
Finally, the presence of an SH3 domain probably gives to spectrins new functions which are different from the stability of the membrane. After contesting the existence of interaction between the fodrin SH3 domain and the α subunit of epithelial sodium channel sensitive to amiloride, we searched for partners of this domain, by screening a rat kidney library with the yeast two-hybrid system. We identified severals proteins implicated in the actin polymerization asoociated with motility or cell differenciation, suggesting that SH3 domain could play a part in this process.
Les spectrines, protéines liant l'actine, sont des constituants majeurs du squelette membranaire, réseau multiprotéique localisé sous la membrane plasmique. Érythroïdes ou non érythroïdes (dans ce cas, on les appelle fodrines), les spectrines ont un rôle structural important dans la membrane comme cela a déjà été démontré, pour la spectrine, dans le globule rouge. Elles sont constituées de deux longues chaînes a et ß associées côte à côte en tétramères (aß)2 qui forment les longs filaments du réseau. Chacune des chaînes est composée par la répétition de segments homologues, 22 pour a et 17 pour ß. Ces segments sont constitués de trois hélices a (hélices A, B et C) repliées sur elles-mêmes. Cette succession de structures trihélicoïdales est parfois interrompue par un domaine particulier comme le domaine SH3 (Src Homology 3) présent au milieu de la chaîne a. Les tétramères (aß)2 de spectrine constituent les filaments du squelette membranaire. L'interaction tête-à-tête de deux dimères aß implique les extrémités NH2 de la chaîne a et COOH de la chaîne ß. D'une part la sévérité du défaut d'auto-association et la localisation des mutations associées à celui-ci et d'autre part, les séquences en acides aminés des extrémités impliquées dans le site d'auto-association ont permis de proposer un modèle : la première hélice C isolée de la chaîne a pourrait s'associer aux deux dernières hélices A et B de la chaîne ß pour reconstituer une unité conformationnelle trihélicoïdale semblable à celles observées le long de la molécule. Un défaut dans la formation du tétramère est le support moléculaire le plus fréquemment observé dans les elliptocytoses héréditaires (HE). À l'aide de peptides recombinants, nous avons défini, sur les deux chaînes, les régions nécessaires et suffisantes possédant les caractéristiques pleinement fonctionnelles du site de tétramérisation. Nous avons ensuite, par mutagenèse dirigée, reproduit le lien entre la présence de mutations HE localisées dans les hélices A ou B et le défaut d'auto-association observé dans les globules rouges de patients HE. La présence d'un domaine SH3 localisé au milieu de la chaîne a confère probablement aux spectrine des fonctions autres que le maintien et la stabilité de la membrane. Les SH3, petits domaines protéiques, participent aux interactions protéine/protéine. Le seul partenaire connu du domaine SH3 de la fodrine était la sous-unité a du canal sodium sensible à l'amiloride (ENaC) mais la fonction de ce complexe n'était pas encore caractérisée. À l'aide de différentes méthodes, nous avons remis en cause l'interaction directe entre ENaC et le SH3 de la fodrine. La fonction de ce domaine SH3 étant liée à la nature de son ligand, nous avons donc recherché les partenaires putatifs du domaine SH3 de la fodrine par la technique du double-hybride. 29 partenaires ont été identifiés, regroupés en 19 familles et 10 clones isolés. La spécificité des interactions a été étudiée à la fois par double-hybride, à l'aide de mutants du domaine SH3 de la fodrine produits par mutagenèse dirigée. Les interactions vis-à-vis d'autres domaines SH3 (spectrine ou une protéine de levure non relatée Scd2) ont été également analysées. Enfin, la spécificité de certains partenaires a été confirmée par des études d'interactions in vitro. Deux des protéines les plus spécifiques du domaine SH3 de la fodrine sont des protéines tyrosine-phosphatase PTP. La première est l'isoforme A de PTP de faible poids moléculaire (LMPTPA) mais l'interaction n'a pas été confirmée in vitro. La deuxième, TD14, est une nouvelle PTP dont la seule fonction connue est d'inhiber la formation des foyers tumoraux des cellules surexprimant l'oncogène Ha-ras. Ces PTP pourraient soit déphosphoryler la fodrine, soit être recrutées sous la membrane pour déphosphoryler une autre cible. Nous avons également identifié trois partenaires (N-WASP, Evl et une protéine de la famille des formines) suggérant que les domaines SH3 des spectrines pourraient être impliqués dans les processus de polymérisation de l'actine liés à la mobilité ou la différenciation cellulaire. Mot clés : spectrine, fodrine, tétramérisation, SH3, double-hybride, polymérisation de l'actine
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00284819

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
tel-00284819
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00284819
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00284819/document
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00284819/file/Nicolas_1999_-_These.pdf

Éditeur(s) : Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey-tubitak
Résumé : In 2002, the Bosphorus outlet was mapped using an EM 300 multibeam echo-sounder together with a Chirp sonar system. This survey, carried out on board the Ifremer RV 'Le Suroit' in the frame of the BlaSON project, completes the data previously acquired directly at the mouth of the Bosphorus by Di Iorio et al. (1999) in the frame of a NATO SACLANT Undersea Research project using jointly the NATO RV Alliance, and the Turkish Navy Survey ship 'Cubuklu'. This acoustic imaging has identified a canyon system at the slope and a shallow marine fan, which contains shelf incisions extending the Istanbul Strait incision. Multibeam bathymetry, ultra-high resolution seismic profiling and coring correlations on this subaqueous fan area allowed reconstruction of morphology and patterns of sediment distribution indicative of high energy sediment transport processes. The discovery of a shallow water/shelf type fan directly off shore from the Bosphorus and connected to its outlet is consistent with the theories of sudden discharges of large volumes of water. Age dating obtained at the bottom of this subaqueous shelf fan yielded an age of 6700 yr C-14 BP (uncorrected age) for the first marine mollusc encountered at the base. This is in accordance with a last and abrupt reconnection of the Marmara Sea to the Black Sea. A detailed morphological map of the shelf and slope along with seismic profile interpretation and core correlation is presented here. A synthesis is proposed to explain the formation of this subaqueous fan and its relationship with the last connection between Black and Marmara seas aft er the Last Glacial Maximum. This interpretation can be summarized as follows: stage A corresponds to the first erosion surface seen on the shelf related to the Last Glacial Maximum low stand; stage B is the ravine surface onlapping to ca. -30, -40 m; stage C is a second erosional surface related to a sea level fall and eroding most of underlying Unit 1B; and stage D corresponds to the onset of the fan deposit during a period of high water run-off from the Black Sea entering from the Bosphorus. Avulsion branches show that this fan has been active for a long time.
Turkish Journal Of Earth Sciences (1300-0985) (Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey-tubitak), 2011 , Vol. 20 , N. 3 , P. 287-305

Droits : 2011 TÜBİTAK
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00036/14676/13677.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00036/14676/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : The North Tehran Fault is located at the southernmost piedmont of Central Alborz, north of Iran. It stands out as a major active fault menacing directly the city of Tehran, a 12 million people metropolis, and would have been the source of several major historical earthquakes in the past. The fault zone extends up to 110km and corresponds mainly to a reverse fault mostly crossing the northern suburbs of the Tehran metropolis, although NTF in its eastern part is characterized more as a left lateral strike slip active fault. We carried out a paleoseismological study of the fault zone in order to determine whether the fault was activated during the Holocene, and to define the characteristics of its activity in terms of kinematics and magnitude. Here in this paper we present only a part of our paleoseismological investigations trench TE2. Observations fromtwo trenches dug across the North Tehran fault scarp reveal evidence for a maximum of six surface-rupturing events within the late quaternary. According to the empirical relationships among average displacement per event and Moment magnitude [25], we can estimate six events Mw~ 6.5 associated with these ruptures in TE2 trench.
Journal of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering

hal-00758375
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00758375

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : The effects of climate change on extreme events are difficult to assess because extremes present large variability and consequently, it is difficult to identify significant trends in relation to the lack of instrumental long time series. Here we present a record of these extreme storm events in the French Mediterrannean coast over the past 7000 years based on a long sediment core from lagoonal environment in Gulf of Lions. Using a high resolution multiproxies approach on core associating grain size, faunal to reconstruct Mid to Late Holocene history of backbarrier deposits in relation to landfalling activity. Even if change in lagoon geomorphological setting over the Holocene does not allow to compare storm events in terms of intensity trough time, we have recorded six periods of increase in storm activity at 6200, 5500, 4400, 3200, 1500 yr cal B.P. and over the LIA (450 and 100 yr cal B.P.). These evidences of changes in coastal hydrodynamic, inversely correlated to periods of aridification in Western Mediterranean region, are in phase with those observed over the North Atlantic and correspond to Holocene cooling events. This increase in storm activity during Holocene cold events over Mediterranean region was probably due to thermal gradient increase leading to enhanced lower tropospheric baroclinicity over a large Central Atlantic-European domain. This study demonstrates that temperatures in North Atlantic region influence the severe storm activity and therefore the Mediterranean climate at Holocene timescale.
Les effets du changement climatique sur les événements extrêmes sont difficiles à estimer car ces phénomènes présentent une large variabilité, et par conséquent il est délicat d'identifier des tendances significatives compte tenu de l'absence de longues séries de données instrumentales. Dans cette étude, nous présentons un enregistrement de ces tempêtes extrêmes sur la côte Méditerranéenne française au cours des 7000 dernières années à partir de carottes sédimentaires prélevées dans un système lagunaire du Golfe du Lion. L'utilisation d'une approche multi-traceur à haute résolution avec des analyses granulométriques, faunistiques, géochimiques (XRF), en minéraux argileux associées à des données chronologiques de radiocarbone et de 210Pb, 137Cs ; nous a permis de reconstruire l'histoire, au cours de l'Holocène, des dépôts lagunaires en relation avec l'activité des tempêtes. Bien que les paramètres morphologiques de cet environnement lagunaire aient changé durant l'Holocène, ne permettant pas de comparer ces événements au cours du temps en terme d'intensité, nous enregistrons six périodes d'augmentation de l'activité des tempêtes datées à 6200, 5500, 4400, 3200, 1500 an cal B.P. et durant le Petit Age Glaciaire (de 450 à 100 an cal B.P.). Ces changements de l'activité hydrodynamique côtière, en antiphase avec les périodes d'aridifications en Méditerranée de l'Ouest, sont corrélées avec celles observées dans le bassin Nord Atlantique et correspondent aux événements de refroidissement Holocène. L'augmentation de l'activité des tempêtes dans la cette région de la Méditerranée durant les périodes froides, associée à une diminution des températures au pôle Nord, est probablement liée à l'augmentation du gradient thermique qui, par interaction barocline, favorise les cycles d'évolution des tempêtes dans toute l'Europe et la Méditerranée de l'Ouest. Cette étude démontre ainsi que la température dans la région Nord Atlantique influence l'activité des tempêtes extrêmes et donc du climat Méditerranéen à l'échelle de l'Holocène.
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00437757

tel-00437757
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00437757
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00437757/document
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00437757/file/Sabatier_these.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD MDPI
Résumé : International audience
Drug transporters are now recognized as major actors in pharmacokinetics, involved notably in drug-drug interactions and drug adverse effects. Factors that govern their activity, localization and expression are therefore important to consider. In the present review, the implications of protein kinases C (PKCs) in transporter regulations are summarized and discussed. Both solute carrier (SLC) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporters can be regulated by PKCs-related signaling pathways. PKCs thus target activity, membrane localization and/or expression level of major influx and efflux drug transporters, in various normal and pathological types of cells and tissues, often in a PKC isoform-specific manner. PKCs are notably implicated in membrane insertion of bile acid transporters in liver and, in this way, are thought to contribute to cholestatic or choleretic effects of endogenous compounds or drugs. The exact clinical relevance of PKCs-related regulation of drug transporters in terms of drug resistance, pharmacokinetics, drug-drug interactions and drug toxicity remains however to be precisely determined. This issue is likely important to consider in the context of the development of new drugs targeting PKCs-mediated signaling pathways, for treating notably cancers, diabetes or psychiatric disorders.
ISSN: 1422-0067

hal-01516024
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01516024
DOI : 10.3390/ijms18040764
PUBMED : 28375174

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The plastic component bisphenol A (BPA) is suspected to exert deleterious effects towards human health and targets various cellular and molecular pathways, including activity of ATP-binding cassette drug transporters. The present study was designed to determine whether BPA and some derivatives, like its substitutes bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) and the flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), may additionally interact with solute carrier (SLC) drug transporters. Activities of the various following SLC transporters were inhibited in a major way (by > 60%) by 100 μM bisphenols: OCT1 and MATE1 (by BPA and TBBPA), OATP1B1 (by BPA, BPF and TBBPA), OATP1B3 and NTCP (by TBBPA) and OAT3 (by BPA, BPF, BPS and TBBPA); by contrast, activities of other transporters were not impacted (MATE2-K) or were stimulated (notably OCT1 by BPS and OCT2 by BPF). Transporter inhibitions due to bisphenols were concentrations-dependent, with half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) ranging from 0.5 μM to 73.5 μM. BPA was finally shown to be not transported by OAT3, although inhibiting this transporter in a competitive manner. Taken together, these data indicate that bisphenols interact with SLC transporters, at concentration levels however rather higher than those occurring in humans in response to environmental exposure. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
Toxicology in Vitro

hal-01467545
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01467545
DOI : 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.12.009
PUBMED : 27989701

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
This study presents the geochemical composition of superficial sediment under oxic and suboxic bottom water conditions along the Chilean continental margin (SE Pacific), where evidence for benthic chemosynthetic activity associated with diffuse seeping of chemically reduced fluids has been reported. The exploration was carried out at: (1) the Chilean Triple Junction (CTJ), at a water depth of ∼2900 m, with the additional indication of hydrothermal activity near a methane-rich cold-seep area (46°S) (German et al., 2010); and (2) the El Quisco methane seep site (EQSS), at ∼340 m water depth (33°S) (Melo et al., 2007; Krylova et al., 2014). While the deeper CTJ is located within an oxic environment (dissolved oxygen in the bottom waters: 164 μM), the shallower EQSS lies within a suboxic environment (dissolved oxygen in bottom water: 23 μM), located within the lower limit of the SE Pacific oxygen minimum zone (OMZ).Pore water from short cores was analyzed for dissolved major, minor, and trace elements (Cl, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sr, Si, B, P, Ba, Pb, Mn, Fe, Cd, U, and Mo), δ13DIC, sulfide, sulfate, and methane. The solid sediment fraction was likewise analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC), metals, and redox potential. Elevated sediment temperatures were found in superficial sediments (5–13 °C) at the CTJ site, which could be due to warm fluids associated with the proximity of the ridge, where hydrothermal vents may occur. Reduced fluids were also present here, indicated by higher Mn fluxes toward the water column even in oxidized sediments (RPD > 8 cm), which contrasted with the lower fluxes in reduced sediments of the EQSS site (RPD ∼ 2 cm). 13C-depleted DIC, anomalously low pore water Cl (∼15 ppb), and low concentrations of other major elements may be the result of dilution by fluid seeping and precipitation of major elements, producing authigenic enrichment (Ca, Mg, Sr). The fluid could also: (a) be diluted by pure water produced during methane hydrate dissociation, as observed in other cold-seep areas; and (b) correspond to clay mineral dehydration, as reported in plate subduction systems. The reducing conditions established at the CTJ conduct the Cd enrichment at a similar magnitude of that seen at the shallower suboxic site (EQSS). Evidence of chimney or vent fauna was not observed. At the EQSS, higher TOC and total sulfide contents were consistent with enhanced deposition of organic matter and reducing conditions developed in the OMZ, favoring the authigenic enrichment of Cd, U and Pb. The geochemical evidence, based only on methane concentrations and δ13DIC, is insufficient to establish the presence of methane seeps, as previously reported.
ISSN: 0079-6611

hal-01412700
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01412700
DOI : 10.1016/j.pocean.2016.09.002

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Several major earthquakes have struck the 2500 km long Himalayan range during the past century. However, both the maximum size of such earthquakes and the probability of occurrence of a magnitude 9 megaquake are still a mater of debate. In this framework it is of key importance to investigate the lateral segmentation of the Himalayan arc in order to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms that control such events as well as their extents. Besides the remarkably uniform tectonic set-up and the fact that most studies on the Himalayas have focused on Central Nepal, several indications of along strike changes can be gathered.This thesis brings new constraints on lateral variations of crustal structure and of deformation between western Nepal (~80°E) and eastern Bhutan (~92°E).The first part of this thesis focuses on the lateral variations of crustal structure. In the past three years we have carried out four land gravity campaigns. We have established 366 new gravity measurement points to fill the data gaps in central and western Nepal as well as in Bhutan. This new dataset, together with available seismological data, is used to constrain thermo-mechanical models of the bending of the India plate underneath the Himalayas. While the inferred crustal geometry does not exhibit major along-strike variations over central and eastern Nepal, the shorter wavelength flexure of the lithosphere in Bhutan is associated with a weaker upper mantle rheology.The second part focuses on the lateral variations of recent deformation in the Himalayas. Fifteen years of paleoseismological investigations have extended the catalogue of major Himalayan events over the last millennium. Combining these information with secular loading, we assess the spatial and temporal stress changes on the Main Himalayan Thrust along the orogen over the last nine centuries. Our calculations indicate that inter-seismic loading has now nearly overcome the Coulomb stress decrease caused by the great ~1100 medieval earthquake. Our results also point out that the 1897 Shillong plateau earthquake does not have a major influence on the stress accumulated on the Main Himalayan Thrust since then. In order to better characterize active tectonics in the Bhutan Himalayas where no studies were done so far, we carried out a morphotectonic analysis in the south-central part of the kingdom. We show that the same amount of Holocene deformation is accommodated on the frontal thrust in Bhutan as on the neighbouring portions of the Himalayan arc. We also find evidences for two major (M>8) earthquakes on this thrust in the Bhutan Himalayas during the last millennium. Our results therefore show that Bhutan cannot be considered as a seismic gap. They also challenge the interpretation of one single ~1100 medieval mega-event that would have ruptured the Main Frontal Thrust from central Nepal to eastern Bhutan.
Au cours du dernier siècle, plusieurs séismes majeurs ont affecté l'Himalaya. Cependant, la taille maximale de ces événements et la probabilité d'occurrence de méga-séismes avec des magnitudes proches de 9 sont toujours matière à débat. L'étude de la segmentation de l'arc Himalayen est donc primordiale afin de comprendre les mécanismes qui contrôlent ces séismes ainsi que leur extension spatiale. La compréhension du cycle sismique en Himalaya est aujourd'hui essentiellement basée sur des études menées au Népal central, ce qui limite notre connaissance de son fonctionnement tri-dimensionnel. Ce travail de thèse permet d'apporter de nouvelles contraintes sur les variations latérales de la déformation crustale dans la zone comprise entre l'ouest Népal (~80°E) et l'est Bhoutan (~92°E). La première partie de cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude des variations latérales de la structure lithosphérique. Quatre campagnes gravimétriques ont été réalisées entre 2010 et 2012. Elles ont permis d'étendre le réseau gravimétrique Népalais jusqu'à l'ouest Népal et d'établir le premier réseau gravimétrique Bhoutanais. Ce nouveau jeu de données, combiné avec les données sismologiques disponibles, permet de contraindre des modèles thermo-mécaniques de la flexure de la plaque Indienne sous l'Himalaya. Les résultats suggèrent qu'il n'existe pas de variations latérales majeures du comportement mécanique de la lithosphère Indienne entre le centre et l'est Népal contrairement au Bhoutan où une rigidité flexurale plus faible est nécessaire pour expliquer les données.La deuxième partie de cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude des variations latérales des déformations récentes dans le prisme Himalayen. Les études paléosismologiques menées depuis 15 ans en Himalaya ont permis d'étendre le catalogue des événements majeurs sur le dernier millénaire. En intégrant à la fois les contraintes disponibles sur ces séismes majeurs et le chargement séculaire, nous étudions les variations spatiales et temporelles de l'état de contrainte du chevauchemlent Himalayen principal le long de l'arc. Nos calculs montrent que même dans la cas où un méga-séisme se serait produit en ~1100 en Himalaya, le chargement séculaire a quasiment compensé la chute de contrainte associée. Les modèles montrent aussi que le séisme du Shillong ne joue pas un rôle majeur sur les contraintes accumulées sur le chevauchement Himalayen depuis 1897 au niveau du Bhoutan. Enfin, nous présentons les premières contraintes sur la tectonique active au Bhoutan. L'étude morphotectonique réalisée au centre du Sud-Bhoutan a permis de montrer que la majeure partie de la déformation Holocène est accommodée au niveau du front Himalayen, comme au Népal. Nous montrons aussi des évidences de ruptures de surface avec des décalages verticaux de plusieurs mètres associés à deux séismes majeurs sur le dernier millénaire. Ces évidences remettent en cause l'interprétation d'un méga-séisme en ~1100.
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01002381

NNT : 2013MON20074
tel-01002381
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01002381
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01002381/document
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01002381/file/35970_BERTHET_2013_archivage_cor.pdf

Résumé : Cette these porte sur une analyse de politique publique dans un champ d'action internationale, la cooperation au developpement. l'etude s'interesse particulierement au cas de la construction de la politique communautaire de cooperation au developpement, et de son affirmation visa- vis des politiques nationales europeennes. pour ce faire, cette these analyse d'un point de vue qualitatif les ressorts de l'action de l'union europeenne, a la fois pour penser le developpement dans la caraïbe, et pour penser et faire l'europe. de l'autonomisation d'une politique a l'harmonisation des politiques nationales par le bas, c'est une veritable recomposition du systeme d'acteurs qui s'opere. ce renforcement de l'integration europeenne, dans un domaine d'action partage, par le biais d'outils renouveles de l'action publique, dessine alors progressivement les premices et les contours du cadre legislatif qui a ete mis en place par le traite de lisbonne en 2009
This dissertation analyses a public policy in an international field of action: the development cooperation. the study focuses in particular on the emergence of the european community policy of development cooperation and its assertion towards european national policies. using a qualitative methodology, this research aims to improve the understanding of the motivation and the processes at stake within the european union. the field analysis has led to observe both how the development policy in the caribbean ras been thought and built, and how this process may rave an impact on the european integration process itself. from the empowerment of a policy to the harmonisation of national policies, this process carries also consequences on the system of actors, which ras been reconstructed by those changes. as a result, the european integration process has been strengthened in a field where the competence is generally shared between the eu and its member states. bringing out some new or renewed tools of public action, this outlines also some of the signs or provisions of the forthcoming legal and political framework, set up by the 2009 lisbon treaty

http://www.theses.fr/2012AGUY0574/document

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Résumé : During the 1982-1984 bradyseismic crises in the Campi Flegrei area (Italy), the University of Wisconsin deployed a network of seismological stations to record local earthquakes. In order to analyse the potential of the recorded data in terms of tomographic imaging, a blind test was recently set up and carried out in the framework of a research project. A model representing a hypothetical 3D structure of the area containing the Campi Flegrei caldera was also set up, and a synthetic dataset of time arrivals was in turn computed. The synthetic dataset consists of several thousand P- and S-time arrivals, computed at about fourteen stations. The tomographic inversion was performed by four independent teams using different methods. The teams had no knowledge of either the input velocity model or the earthquake hypocenters used to create the synthetic dataset. The results obtained by the different groups were compared and analysed in light of the true model. This work provides a thorough analysis of the earthquake tomography potential of the dataset recording the seismic activity at Campi Flegrei in the 1982-1984 period. It shows that all the tested earthquake tomography methods provide reliable low-resolution images of the background velocity field of the Campi Flegrei area, but with some differences. However, none of them succeeds in detecting the hypothetical structure details (i.e. with a size smaller than about 1.5-2 km), such as a magmatic chamber 4 km deep and especially the smaller, isolated bodies, which represent possible magmatic chimneys and intrusions.
ISSN: 1687-885X

hal-00795584
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00795584
DOI : 10.1155/2012/505286

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : The social change which takes place in the French West Indies after the Second World War ensues from a historical interactive process. It occurs between 1946 and 1961, within the frame of the new dynamic fostered in the aftermath of the war. Here we refer to the new political status of Department, the outbreak of social conflicts during the process of decolonization, the public policies and the planning of “the economic and social development” of the overseas departments. The dynamic also includes the population growth with the birth of a new generation- from the sociological point of view. The aforementioned interaction instils the new type of society emerging in the French West Indies since the 1960’s, without drastically changing their colonial social structure. This transformation named “Departmentalization” seems paradoxical because it will generate “modern” social frustrations, while maintaining existing frustrations that stemmed from the plantation society. This process led to the transition from a slave society to a consumer society. It allows us to understand the persistence of a latent social unrest in these departments, in spite of the overall significant improvement of the living conditions during the early twentieth century.
La transformation sociale des Antilles françaises qui se produit après la Seconde Guerre mondiale résulte d’un processus interactif historique. Celui-ci se produit entre 1946 et 1961 autour des nouvelles dynamiques de l’après-guerre. Il s’agit du statut départemental, de la décolonisation avec l’explosion des conflits sociaux, de la politique publique de « développement économique et social » avec la planification dans les départements d’outre-mer, et de l’accroissement démographique avec l’apparition d’une nouvelle génération « sociologique ». C’est précisément cette interaction qui est à l’origine du nouveau type de société qui émerge aux Antilles à partir des années 1960 sans pour autant que leur structure sociale coloniale ne soit bouleversée. Cette construction qui prend le nom commun de « Départementalisation » est paradoxale car elle va générer des frustrations sociales « modernes », tout en maintenant des frustrations anciennes issues de la société de plantation. En induisant ainsi le passage d’un monde d’ « habitation » à un monde de consommation, cette construction permet de comprendre un peu mieux, le maintien, au début du XXIe siècle, d’un malaise social latent dans ces départements en dépit d’une amélioration sensible et générale des conditions de vie.
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01675708

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
tel-01675708
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01675708
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01675708/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01675708/file/D%C3%A9colonisation%20et%20changement%20social%20aux%20Antilles%20fran%C3%A7aises%20%281946-1961%29%20-%20Ma%C3%ABl%20LAVENAIRE%202017.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : High Pressure - Low Temperature (HP-LT) rocks testify for burying and exhumation of crustal material in subduction zones. Their complete exhumation is the result of processes acting during (syn-orogenic) and after (post-orogenic) subduction is active, the latter partly obliterating the first. In the Aegean domain, the Attic-Cycladic Blueschist unit (ACBU) is a HP-LT unit exhumed in metamorphic core complexes (MCCs) in the back-arc domain of the Hellenic subduction zone. This study is an attempt to distinguish features related to syn-orogenic exhumation processes responsible for the first stages of exhumation This syn-orogenic "message" has to be read through the post-convergence structural and thermal overprint that accompanied the formation of the MCCs. Particularly, the geometry, the timing and the amount of the syn-orogenic exhumation has to be determined. We investigate these features with coupled field, metamorphic petrology and radiochronology studies First, based on observations on Ios (southern Cyclades), it has recently been proposed that syn-orogenic exhumation of the ACBU was accommodated by a basal thrust over the Cycladic Basement (CB) [Huet, et al., 2009]. The peak conditions, deduced from pseudosections calculation for the Ios main lithologies, are 500 °C-19 kbar for the ACBU and 550 °C-16 kbar for the CB. Exhumation until 400 °C-8 kbar is considered as syn-orogenic. Second, phengites populations, single grains and in situ 40Ar-39Ar geochronology has been carried out on samples from Tinos and Andros (northern Cyclades), Syros (central Cyclades) and Ios. The results gather in several clusters: 50-55 Ma, 40-45 Ma, 30-35 Ma, and 22-26 Ma. Based on these new P-T-t data and a synthesis of published data, we are able to refine the geometry and the timing of the exhumation of the ACBU. Data from the whole Cyclades exhibit little differences in ages and P-T conditions for the successive stages of exhumation. The peak of pressure (500±50 °C-18±1 kbar) has been reached at 50-55 Ma from Tinos to Ios. The onset of the exhumation occurred at 40-45 Ma in blueschist facies conditions, between a thrust at their bottom and a detachment at their top. The following decompression was accompanied by cooling until 30-35 Ma (400±50 °C-8±1 kbar). At that time, the boundary conditions switched to extension. Finally, we propose a model for the exhumation of HP-LT units accounting for these data. We also consider the rheological implications of the syn-orogenic structuration of the Aegean wedge on the post-orogenic evolution. B. Huet, L. Labrousse, and L. Jolivet [2009] Thrust or detachment? Exhumation processes in the Aegean: Insight from a field study on Ios (Cyclades, Greece), Tectonics, 28, 3, doi:10.1029/2008TC002397.
EGU General Assembly
Vienne, Austria

insu-00839054
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00839054
BIBCODE : 2010EGUGA..1214098H

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : This paper presents a survey of French Eastern English Channel fishers' observations of the past and current state of the marine ecosystem and their wishes for the future, as a first step towards formulating management objectives. Twenty-nine semi-directive interviews were carried out in June 2006 among fishers and shellfish farmers. Cognitive maps proved useful to formalise their experience and knowledge. Most interviewees mentioned a decrease of the resource in recent years and pointed out the presence of several problems, such as pollution, degradation of the ocean floor and harmful impacts of human activities, including fishing. The indicators used by the fishers as the basis to form their opinion were similar to those generally used by scientists for assessing the state of exploited marine populations and communities (average fish length, CPUE, fished biomass...); additional indicators were the timing and duration of fishing seasons. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Ocean & Coastal Management (0964-5691) (Elsevier), 2008-06 , Vol. 51 , N. 6 , P. 450-462

Droits : 2008 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-6134.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2008.04.005
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6134/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
A temporary network of 10 broad-band seismic stations has been installed in French Polynesia for the Polynesian Lithosphere and Upper Mantle Experiment (PLUME). All the seismic stations were installed either on volcanic islands or on atolls of the various archipelagos of French Polynesia in a manner which complements the geographic coverage provided by the regional permanent stations. The primary aim of PLUME is to image the upper mantle structures related to plate motion and hotspot activity. However, because of its proximity to all sites, the ocean is responsible for a high level of noise in the seismic data and we show that these data can also be used to analyse ocean wave activity. The power spectral density (PSD) analyses of the seismic data recorded in French Polynesia show clear peaks in the 0.05– 0.10 Hz band (periods between 10 and 20 s), which corresponds to swell frequencies. Clear peaks in this frequency band are also observed in infrasonic data recorded on Tahiti. Ground motion analysis shows that the swell-related seismic noise (SRSN) is linearly polarized in the horizontal plane and its amplitude decreases rapidly with the distance from the shore. The microseismic and the infrasonic 'noise' amplitudes show very similar variations from station to station and both are strongly correlated with the swell amplitudes predicted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), wind-forced, 'WaveWatch' models. The swell direction can be estimated from SRSN polarization analysis but this has to be done with care since, for some cases, the ground motions are strongly controlled by the islands' anisometric shapes and by swell refraction processes. We find cases, however, such as Tahiti or roughly circular Tuamotu atolls, where the azimuth of the swell is in good agreement with the seismic estimates. We, therefore, demonstrate that the SRSN and the infrasonic signal observed in French Polynesia can be used in such cases as a proxy for swell amplitude and azimuth. From the continuous analysis of the data recorded in 2003 at the permanent seismic station PPTL in Tahiti, transfer functions have been obtained. This could provide a way to quantify the swell activity during the last two decades and, therefore, assist in the investigation of climate changes.
ISSN: 0956-540X

hal-01388809
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01388809
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01388809/document
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01388809/file/Barruol_swell_GJI2006.pdf
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.02871.x