Éditeur(s) : Colloque IMBC - International Marine Biotechnology Conference
Résumé : Since 1997, a new pathology seasonally occurs in new caledonian shrimp farms during the warm season. Diseased Litopenaeus stylirostris shrimp suffer from a systemic vibriosis which was attributed to highly pathogenic Vibrio nigripulchritudo. At the present time, only two farms among 17 are affected by the so called "summer syndrome". In such a context it appears urgent to develop reliable diagnostic tools to detect V. nigripulchritudo strains and to differentiate highly virulent strains from non virulent ones in order to understand the mechanisms of infection and overcome disease spreading. Multilocus Sequencing Typing (MLST) analysis on 24 bacterial strains isolated in geographically distinct shrimp farms highlighted the existence of a cluster A containing only strains displaying moderate to high virulence. Since experimental infection procedure for virulence status determination is material intensive and time consuming, and MLST method not accurate enough to inform on the virulence status of strains, it appeared of great interest to develop other diagnostic tools. Two phylogenetically closed strains, one highly virulent SFn1 and the other non-virulent SFn118 were selected in order to characterize genes specific of the virulent strain by Substractive Suppression Hybridization (SSH). Firstly, a total of 622 DNA fragments specific of SFn1 were sequenced, characterized and further used as probes in a DNA macroarray. Testing 24 strains, hybridization profiles were found to be strongly correlated with both MLST genotypes and bacterial virulence status. A total of 96 representative probes were secondly selected to validate macroarray results on 34 more additionnal strains, allowing identification of genetic markers of virulence. Most of DNA fragments specific of highly virulent strains associated to summer syndrome were found to be bore by a plasmid successfully isolated in the laboratory. In next future, these results would permit the development of relevant diagnostic tools useful for accurate epidemiological survey of the summer syndrome.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/acte-3398.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/3398/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The marine Messinian deposits of Tunisia cover a narrow littoral strip some 300 km long between the northern Bizerte and Cap Bon areas and the central-eastern Sahel region. Litho- and biofacies analysis of six stratigraphic sections reveals the distinctive features of these deposits.;The lower Messinian deposits are characterized by ubiquitous siliciclastics and abundant oolitic/bioclastic limestones organized in an eastward facing ramp. Westward (landward), this ramp changes into coastal lagoons, sometimes containing evaporites. Eastward, the ramp passes to the reefal Pelagian Platform extending as far as Lampedusa.;Two main sedimentary cycles are distinguished: 1) an early Messinian siliciclastic retrogradational then oolitic/bioclastic progradational cycle (Beni Khiar Formation and lower Oued bel Khedim Formation): 2) a late Messinian brackish to continental cycle that probably accumulated in rapidly subsiding lagoons (Cued el Bir Formation and upper Oued bel Khedim Formation). The Tunisian early Messinian cycle is partly eustatically controlled, but the late Messinian cycle cannot be confidently correlated to other well-known Messinian series because of tectonic movements.;The lower Messinian deposits of Tunisia are also characterized by abundant suspension-feeding organisms (molluscs and bryozoans) and rare corals, calcareous algae, echinoids, and larger benthic foraminifers. The proposed palaeoenvironmental model shows that the lower Messinian ramp of Tunisia was located on a current-protected margin and subjected to continent-derived sediment and nutrient supply. Eastward, nutrient influx diminished and a shallow-water isolated carbonate platform with coralgal facies developed between the western and the eastern Mediterranean basins. The main hydrological connection between these two basins occurred through a narrow seaway situated to the northeast of the Pelagian Platform, south of Sicily and Malta.
ISSN: 0031-0182

hal-00475583
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00475583
DOI : 10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.10.028

Résumé : Une étude de typage moléculaire par AP-PCR de souches de Vibrio impliqués dans des épisodes de mortalité d'élevages de crevettes en Nouvelle-Calédonie (Syndrome 93) et au Japon a été réalisée fin 1996 avec le concours de l' Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Elle nous a permis une identification rapide des isolats en terme de génospecies ainsi que des discriminations d' intérêt épidémiologique entre les isolats du génospecies majoritaire. Ainsi, des sous-groupes ont été identifiés au sein de l' espéce majoritaire : V. penaeicida. Certains de ces sous-groupes correspondent à des topotypes et permettent de discriminer les isolats du Japon de ceux de Nouvelle-Calédonie, ainsi que ceux de deux baies différentes de Nouvelle Calédonie, distinctes de 50 km seulement. D'autres sous-groupes ont pu être identifiés au sein de l' un des topotypes calédoniens, sans qu'il soit possible de l'expliquer par des éléments épidémiologiques. L' analyse des géotypes et des données zootechniques permettent de qualifier cette vibriose de maladie hydrique, c'est à dire dont le pathogène est véhiculé par l'eau. Des recommandations d' ordre zoosanitaires en sont déduites, qui tendent principalement à limiter les transferts d'animaux entre les différents sites d'élevage. Cette technique d'AP-PCR est utilisée pour la première fois dans l'étude épidémiologique d' une vibriose de crevettes. Sa rapidité, sa fiabilité et les informations d'ordre épidémiologique qu' elle fournit en font une technique de choix pour ce type d'étude

Droits : 1997 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00274/38541/37061.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00274/38541/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD ACM New York, NY, USA
Résumé : International audience
This paper focuses on the study of the behavior of a genetic algorithm based classifier system, the Adapted Pittsburgh Classifier System (A.P.C.S), on maze type environments containing aliasing squares. This type of environment is often used in reinforcement learning litterature to assess the performances of learning methods when facing problems containing non markov situations. Through this study, we discuss on the performances of the APCS on maze type environments and also of the efficiency of an improvement of the APCS learning method inspired from the XCS : the covering mechanism. We manage to show that, without any memory mechanism, the APCS is able to build and to keep accurate strategies to produce regular sub-optimal solutions to these maze problem. This statement is shown through a comparison of the results obtained by the XCS, XCSM and XCSMH on distinct maze problems with these obtained by the APCS.
Proceedings of the 2008 GECCO conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Atlanta, GA, United States

hal-00520607
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00520607
DOI : 10.1145/1388969.1389013

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Geophysical Union (AGU) American Geophysical Union
Résumé : International audience
GPS data reveal that the Brahmaputra Valley has broken from the Indian Plate and rotates clockwise relative to India about a point a few hundred kilometers west of the Shillong Plateau. The GPS velocity vectors define two distinct blocks separated by the Kopili fault upon which 2–3 mm/yr of dextral slip is observed: the Shillong block between longitudes 89 and 93°E rotating clockwise at 1.15°/Myr and the Assam block from 93.5°E to 97°E rotating at ≈1.13°/Myr. These two blocks are more than 120 km wide in a north-south sense, but they extend locally a similar distance beneath the Himalaya and Tibet. A result of these rotations is that convergence across the Himalaya east of Sikkim decreases in velocity eastward from 18 to ≈12 mm/yr and convergence between the Shillong Plateau and Bangladesh across the Dauki fault increases from 3 mm/yr in the west to >8 mm/yr in the east. This fast convergence rate is inconsistent with inferred geological uplift rates on the plateau (if a 45°N dip is assumed for the Dauki fault) unless clockwise rotation of the Shillong block has increased substantially in the past 4–8 Myr. Such acceleration is consistent with the reported recent slowing in the convergence rate across the Bhutan Himalaya. The current slip potential near Bhutan, based on present-day convergence rates and assuming no great earthquake since 1713 A.D., is now ~5.4 m, similar to the slip reported from alluvial terraces that offsets across the Main Himalayan Thrust and sufficient to sustain a Mw ≥ 8.0 earthquake in this area.
ISSN: 0148-0227

hal-01115084
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01115084
DOI : 10.1002/2014JB011196

Éditeur(s) : Wiley-blackwell Publishing, Inc
Résumé : We present the results from processing and interpreting five lines from the 1992 Erable multichannel seismic reflection experiment extending from the southeastern margin of Flemish Cap into the northern Newfoundland Basin. These profiles reveal significant along strike variations in the rifting styles experienced by Flemish Cap. In the southwest, a 100-km-wide transition zone is identified between thinned continental crust and thin oceanic crust. Similar to the conjugate Galicia Bank and Iberian margins, this transition zone contains a section of deep basement adjacent to a series of shallower ridges and is interpreted as exhumed serpentinized mantle. Along strike towards the northeast, this transition zone pinches out completely within 100 km and is replaced by thin oceanic crust directly adjacent to thinned continental crust. By interpreting nearby seismic profiles and profiles on the conjugate margins using the same classification criteria, we construct regional maps of the distribution of crustal domains on both sides of the North Atlantic. These maps reveal significant variations in rifting style on the conjugate margins and along strike of each margin and also highlight the role of ancient transfer zones in compartmentalizing these rifting variations into four distinct regions. We propose that the limited localization of shallow topographically high serpentinized peridotite ridges on the Newfoundland-Iberia and Flemish Cap-Galicia Bank conjugate margins, was directly related to an increase in the rate of extension following the separation of Flemish Cap and Galicia Bank which exhumed deeper, less serpentinized mantle.
Geophysical Journal International (0956-540X) (Wiley-blackwell Publishing, Inc), 2010-03 , Vol. 180 , N. 3 , P. 976-U4

Droits : 2010 RAS
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00001/11202/7876.pdf
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04477.x
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00001/11202/

Éditeur(s) : Aix-Marseille II
Résumé : Les caractères texturaux et granulométriques, la fraction terrigène et la couleur sont étudiés sur 206 échantillons de sédiments meubles prélevés à la benne Neyrpic dans le Grand Lagon Nord de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (8 400 km²), selon un plan d'échantillonnage systématique et une maille de 3 milles nautiques. Sur la base de ces premiers résultats, qui font largement appel à la cartographie, 66 échantillons ont ensuite été sélectionnés pour une étude plus approfondie de leur composition biogène et des variations quantitatives et qualitatives de la biophase sédimentaire dans l'espace. Six environnements de dépôt, dont la différenciation résulte des interactions entre physiographie, hydrodyamisme et nature des peuplements benthiques, ont été identifiés et caractérisés : les zones de passes, les zones d'arrière-récif, la plaine lagonaire, les aires de décantation centrales de la plaine, le domaine côtier et les fonds de baies côtières. Sur l'ensemble du lagon, l'hydrodynamisme, plutôt faible, n'a qu'une action limitée sur les sédiments. La sédimentation fine est nettement prépondérante sur la sédimentation grossière. L'influence terrigène, cantonnée pour l'essentiel au domaine côtier est réduite et n'est décellable qu'au niveau de la phase fine des sédiments. La sédimentation organogène carbonatée domine très largement. La couleur des sédiments apparaît comme un bon indicateur de l'influence continentale et s'avère intéressante dans la distinction des environnements de dépôt. LeS Mollusques, les foraminifères, les Halimeda et les Scléractiniaires jouent un rôle majeur dans l'élaboration de la biophase sédimentaire. Toutefois la répartition des débris coralliens reste étroitement limitée à la proximité des édifices récifaux et la contribution directe du système récifal à la sédimentogénèse de la plaine lagonaire est très réduite. La tendance général est à une sédimentation biogène autochtone ou para-autocthone dont la nature reflèterait directement la distribution et la composition des peuplements générateurs actuellement en place.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00104/21566/19146.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00104/21566/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : A section of ancient fast-spreading ocean crust was sampled at Wadi Gideah, located in the Wadi Tayin Massif of the Oman ophiolite. This sample suite was used for generating a coherent data set combining various petro-geochemical and structural investigations, with the aim of building a reference section for advancing our understanding of crustal accretion processes at fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges. Additionally, this study focuses on one outcrop that represents part of the fossil axial melt lens (AML).Major and trace element analyses reveal a trend of chemical evolution up section in the lower crust, with a marked difference between the layered gabbros and the foliated gabbros above. Petrological modeling shows that the chemical evolution up section can be produced by hydrous fractionation crystallization, with melt H2O contents of ~0.8 wt% and 0.8 to 1.2 wt% for the lower and upper crust, respectively. Together with the observed very steep bulk Zr/Hf vs. Zr gradient, high F and Cl content of magmatic amphibole, general Nb-Ta depletion of melts compared with NMORB, and high Sr87/Sr86 ratio compared with modern fast-spread crust, this suggests that Wadi Gideah layered gabbros were accreted by crystallization of ascending melts in sills, in a context of subduction initiation. The distinct changes in chemical trends and average grain size at the layered to foliated gabbro transition are tentatively explained by enhanced hydrothermal cooling deeper than the AML. The gabbro/dike transition displays complex structural and lithological relationships that, together with fractional crystallization modeling, point to episodic vertical movements of the AML. Plagioclase crystallographic preferred orientations (CPO) measured over the whole gabbro section are always consistent with magmatic flow. The CPO strength generally increases downward, with more scattering in the layered gabbro section. From the top to the bottom of the layered gabbros, CPO become progressively more prolate, possibly reflecting increasing shear induced by active mantle flow underneath.Wadi Gideah lower crust recorded a formation history consistent with a hybrid accretion model, combing several processes such as downward magmatic flow and/or upward melt migration in the upper foliated gabbros, sill intrusions in the layered gabbros, and deep hydrothermal circulation. The latter was presumably focused in channels, preserved today as several, up to 100 m wide zones of extensively altered former layered gabbro, cross-cutting the magmatic layering. These metagabbros display significantly higher Sr87/Sr86 ratio, late stage magmatic phases, and evidence for high temperature partial melting.
Une coupe d'ancienne croute océanique rapide a été échantillonnée dans le Wadi Gideah, situé dans le Massif de Wadi Tayin de l'Ophiolite d'Oman. Cette série d'échantillons a permis de générer un jeu de données cohérent, combinant des études pétro-géochimiques et structurales, dans le but de construire une coupe de référence pour mieux contraindre notre compréhension des processus d'accrétion crustale aux dorsales océaniques rapides. Ce travail intègre aussi l'étude détaillée d'un affleurement représentant en partie la lentille magmatique axiale (LMA) fossile.Les analyses d'éléments majeurs et traces révèlent une évolution chimique dans la croûte inférieure, avec une nette différence entre les gabbros lités et les gabbros foliés sus-jacents. La modélisation pétrologique montre que l'évolution chimique vers le haut peut être produite par cristallisation fractionnée hydratée, avec des teneurs en H2O des magmas de ~0.8 wt% dans la croute inférieure et 0.8 to 1.2 wt% dans la croute supérieure. Combiné aux forts gradients de Zr/Hf vs. Zr, aux teneurs élevées de F et Cl dans les amphiboles magmatiques, à l'appauvrissement général en Nb-Ta des magmas comparé aux NMORB, et aux rapports Sr87/Sr86 élevés comparés à la croûte rapide moderne, ceci suggère que les gabbros lités du Wadi Gideah ont été formés par la cristallisation des magmas ascendants dans des sills, dans un contexte d'initiation de subduction. Les changements de signature géochimique et de taille de grain à la transition entre gabbros lités et gabbros foliés témoignent possiblement d'un fort refroidissement hydrothermal plus profond que la LMA. La transition complexe filonien/gabbro montre des relations structurale et lithologiques complexes, qui, combinées o la modélisation de la cristallisation fractionnée, traduisent les mouvements verticaux épisodiques de la LMA. Les orientations préférentielles cristallographiques (OPC) des plagioclases mesurées sur l'ensemble de la coupe dans les gabbros témoignent toujours d'une déformation magmatique. L'intensité des OPC a tendance à augmenter vers le bas, avec une plus forte variabilité dans les gabbros lités. Dans les gabbros lités, les OPC sont de plus en plus linéaires vers le bas, résultant possiblement d'un cisaillement plus fort induit par l'écoulement actif du manteau sous-jacent.La croûte inférieure dans le Wadi Gideah a enregistré une histoire compatible avec un modèle d'accrétion hydride, combinant plusieurs processus tels que l'écoulement magmatique vers le bas et/ou la migration de liquides magmatiques vers le haut dans les gabbros foliés supérieurs, l'intrusion de sills dans les gabbros lités, et une circulation hydrothermale profonde. Cette dernière était probablement concentrée dans des chenaux, préservés aujourd'hui sous la forme de plusieurs zones, dont l'épaisseur atteint 100 m, de gabbros lités fortement altérés, recoupant le litage magmatique. Ces métagabbros ont des rapports Sr87/Sr86 élevés, comportent des phases magmatiques tardives et montrent des évidences de fusion partielle.
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01302675

tel-01302675
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01302675
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01302675/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01302675/file/Th%C3%A8se_Tim-Mueller_2015.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Society for the Study of Reproduction
Résumé : International audience
Transcription factor GATA4 is required for the development and function of the mammalian gonads. We first reported that the GATA4 gene in both human and rodents is expressed as two major alternative transcripts that differ solely in their first untranslated exon (exon 1a vs. exon 1b). We had also showed by quantitative PCR that in mouse tissues, both Gata4 exon 1a- and 1b-containing transcripts are present in all sites that are normally positive for GATA4 protein. In adult tissues, exon 1a-containing transcripts generally predominate. A notable exception, however, is the testis where the Gata4 exon 1a and 1b transcripts exhibit a similar level of expression. We now confirm by in situ hybridization analysis that each transcript is also strongly expressed during gonad differentiation in both sexes in the rat. To gain further insights into how Gata4 gene expression is controlled, we characterized the mouse Gata4 promoter sequence located upstream of exon 1b. In vitro studies revealed that the Gata4 1b promoter is less active than the 1a promoter in several gonadal cell lines tested. Whereas we have previously shown that endogenous Gata4 transcription driven by the 1a promoter is dependent on a proximally located Ebox motif, we now show using complementary in vitro and in vivo approaches that Gata4 promoter 1b-directed expression is regulated by GATA4 itself. Thus, Gata4 transcription in the gonads and other tissues is ensured by distinct promoters that are regulated differentially and independently.
ISSN: 0006-3363

hal-01010626
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01010626
DOI : 10.1095/biolreprod.113.113290
PUBMED : 24352556

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : Rainforest tree species can be difficult to identify outside of their period of reproduction. Vascular tissues from Carapa spp. individuals were collected during a short field trip in French Guiana and analysed in the laboratory with nuclear and chloroplast markers. Using a Bayesian approach, > 90% of the samples could be assigned to one of two distinct clusters corresponding to previously described species, making it possible to estimate the genetic structure of each species and to identify cases of introgression. We argue that this blind procedure represents a first-choice rather than a fallback option whenever related taxa are investigated.
ISSN: 0962-1083

hal-01031226
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01031226
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03040.x

Résumé : Le cycle biologique du principal stock de crevettes pénéïdes (Penaeus subtilis) exploité sur le plateau continental guyanais est court (18 mois environ). Les variabilités intra et inter annuelles de l'abondance des individus appartenant aux différentes composantes des premières phases du cycle (larves, post-larves, juvéniles) sont considérées comme très fortes, ce phénomène étant exacerbé par le double changement de milieu au cours du cycle, passage d'un habitat en eau salée à celui en eau douce, puis retour au premier. La pêcherie de la flottille crevettière guyanaise est ainsi basée sur un stock au renouvellement rapide et variable, aussi l'optimisation de sa gestion implique une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes de recrutement des crevettes et notamment leur facteurs de variation. Ainsi, depuis octobre 1992 une étude est conduite pour analyser ces mécanismes de recrutement. Elle s'intègre dans un programme de coopération régionale entre l'IFREMER et le Ministère de l'Agriculture, de l'Elevage et des Pêches du Surinam financé par des fonds FEDER et du FIC, et elle est menée par l'IFREMER dans la Zone Economique Exclusive française et par le laboratoire du Département des pêches du Surinam sur le plateau surinamien. Le programme prévoit une série de huit campagnes en mer qui seront conduites en parallèle par chacun des deux laboratoires Français et Surinarnien sur les plateaux de Guyane (campagnes RESUBGUY) et du Surinam (campagnes RESUBSUR) afin d'analyser le phénomène de recrutement sur la plus large échelle possible d'observation (plateau guyano-surinamien). Deux campagnes annuelles ont été programmées pour chaque pays, en mai et en octobre. La périodicité de ces campagnes est fonction des résultats des travaux conduits par l'IFREMER et l'ORSTOM sur la phase pré-recrutée de Penaeus subtilis qui ont mis en évidence deux principales périodes annuelles distinctes de recrutement (avril-mai; septembre-octobre). Cette campagne est la quatrième de la série initiée en octobre 1992. L'étude n'est pas limitée à l'examen des seules captures de crevettes Penaeus subtilis, puisqu'elle incluse également l'analyse de la composition des prises accessoires des crevettiers. Les "by-catches" considérées dans ce travail sont surtout représentées par la crevette "sea-bob", Xiphopenaeus kroyeri, ainsi que par les principales espèces de poissons d'intérêt commercial (ou ayant une forte probabilité de le devenir dans un futur proche). Enfin, une attention particulière a également été portée sur les captures accidentelles de tortues marines afin d’en estimer l’importance réelle.

Droits : 1994 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00076/18750/16321.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00076/18750/

Éditeur(s) : Centre Océanologique de Bretagne
Résumé : Après une période de croissance rapide depuis la seconde guerre mondiale, l'exploitation des ressources vivantes des océans est stabilisée depuis quelques années entre 60 et 65 millions de tonnes par an, pour l'ensemble des océans. Ces chiffres recouvrent l'ensemble des produits tirés de la mer, qu'il s'agisse de vertébrés ou d'invertébrés, d'animaux ou de végétaux. De même, la distinction entre produit de la pêche et produit de la culture ou de l'élevage n'est pas faite. En réalité, si les poissons représentent une partie importante de ce total, l'homme exploite également la plupart des groupes zoologiques d'invertébrés marins, quelques reptiles et les mammifères marins (cétacés et pinnipèdes), et des algues (en particulier des algues rouges et des algues brunes). Dans la plupart des cas, ces groupes sont exploités en vue de l'alimentation humaine ; il existe toutefois d'autres formes d'utilisation de certaines espèces, l'une des plus connues étant l'utilisation des algues pour la production d'alginates, de carragen et d'agar-agar. L'utilisation de certaines espèces de gastéropodes marins pour la fabrication de colorants remonte en Méditerranée a l'époque antique (la pourpre). L'utilisation de coquillages à des fins décoratives ou même en tant que monnaie d'échange a été très répandue chez les populations des îles du Pacifique ; la collection de l'amateur moderne, comportant des pièces atteignant une valeur élevée, peut être considérée comme un dérivé récent de ces usages traditionnels. Afin de ne pas alourdir l'exposé, nous limiterons volontairement cet inventaire aux algues et aux invertébrés, utilisés dans l'alimentation humaine, à l'exclusion des autres formes d'utilisation (1). [OCR NON CONTRÔLE]
Recueil des travaux du Centre Océanologique de Bretagne (Centre Océanologique de Bretagne), 1971 , N. 5 , P. 527-537

Droits : Centre Océanologique de Bretagne
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1971/publication-5110.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/5110/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
F.T. Kützing introduced Cocconeis molesta with only an uninformative description and a poor illustration: C. molesta has small, oblong valves and is an epiphyte. Another species, Cocconeis diaphana, described by William Smith, is said to have larger valves than C. molesta, with frustules that are relatively oblong. Smith described two forms: one with a distinct fascia on its raphe valve (var. β), the other without this feature. A third species, Cocconeis dirupta was described by Gregory, who expressed doubts that it differed from C. diaphana. Finally, Cocconeis molesta var. crucifera Grunow was first introduced in Van Heurck's Atlas but was subsequently treated by Van Heurck as a synonym of C. molesta. No previous account has examined the type material of these species. In this paper, we undertake that task and examine type slides and raw material in order to discriminate these different taxa. We conclude by recognizing three species: Cocconeis molesta Kütz., C. diaphana W.Sm. and C. dirupta W.Greg. Cocconeis diaphana var. β is considered to be a synonym of C. dirupta and C. molesta var. crucifera is considered to be a synonym of C. molesta. Lectotypes are designated for C. diaphana and C. dirupta.
ISSN: 2118-9773

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
hal-01340453
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01340453
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01340453/document
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01340453/file/329-1709-1-PB.pdf
DOI : 10.5852/ejt.2016.204

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
A new portable sampling system was developed to extract Radium isotopes from large volumes (up to 300 L) of fresh surface- and ground-waters of low Ra-activities (<5 mBq/L). Ra is quantitatively adsorbed on a small amount (6.5 g) of MnO2-coated acrylic fibers, which are then dried and burned at 600 °C in the laboratory. The resulting Mn-oxide powder (about 2 cm3 when compacted) is then analyzed through gamma-ray spectrometry which allows measurement of the whole Ra quartet (226Ra, 228Ra, 224Ra and 223Ra) in a single counting of a few days. The usual relative standard combined uncertainties (1σ) are 2–3% for 226Ra, 228Ra and 224Ra; and less than 10% for 223Ra. This method was applied to the analysis of Ra in karstic waters of the Lez aquifer, and surface- and ground-waters of the upper and middle Vidourle watershed (South of France). The analyzed waters have relatively low 226Ra activities (1–4 mBq/L) in both cases, regardless of the contrasted geology (Mesozoic limestone vs crystalline Variscan basement), but clearly distinct (228Ra/226Ra) ratios in agreement with the differences in Th/U ratios of the two drained areas. Short-lived Ra isotopes (224Ra and 223Ra) appear to be mainly influenced by near-surface desorption/recoil processes for most of the sampling sites.
ISSN: 0969-8043

hal-01491281
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01491281
DOI : 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.12.010

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer
Résumé : International audience
In this study, we used data recorded by two consecutive passive broadband deployments on the Gulf of Aden northern margin, Dhofar region, Sultanate of Oman. The objective of these deployments is to map the young eastern Gulf of Aden passive continental margin crust and upper mantle structure and rheology. In this study, we use shear-wave splitting analysis to map lateral variations of upper mantle anisotropy beneath the study area. In this study, we found splitting magnitudes to vary between 0.33 and 1.0 s delay times, averaging about 0.6 s for a total of 17 stations from both deployment periods. Results show distinct abrupt lateral anisotropy variation along the study area. Three anisotropy zones are identified: a western zone dominated by NW-SE anisotropy orientations, an eastern zone dominat- ed with NE-SW anisotropy orientations, and central zone with mixed anisotropy orientations similar to the east and west zones. We interpret these shorter wavelength anisotropy zones to possibly represent fossil lithospheric mantle anisotropy. We postulate that the central anisotropy zone may be representing a Proterozoic suture zone that separates two terranes to the east and west of it. The anisotropy zones west and east were being used indicative of different terranes with different upper mantle anisotropy signatures.
ISSN: 1866-7411

hal-00647478
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00647478
DOI : 10.1007/s12517-011-0477-2

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
We have discovered in a marine core, located 20 km east of the Coastal Range of Taiwan at the top of a 1200 m deep submarine high, sheltered from rivers discharges and gravitational flows, a 23 cm-thick anomalous sequence topped with broken bivalves and wood fragments. Based on radiocarbon dating, we distinguish five sub-events within ∼ 100 yrs, about 3000 years ago. The oldest four sub-events are interpreted as the record of local submarine landslides, likely triggered by clustered earthquakes that are common in this tectonically active area. The last event including shells and wood has a different origin. Despite the high level of climatic and tectonic recent activity, no comparable event has been observed at the same site since that time, making it unique during the last 3.75 ka. Hydrodynamical modeling stimulated with a set of submarine landslide-triggered tsunami sources and combined with the regional oceanic circulation dominated by the Kuroshio Current, allow us to better constrain the transport paths of the suspended material, the expected run-up at the coast, and ultimately the trigger and source that best fit our observations. The Kuroshio Current appears as a strong constraint that generally prevents cross-shore transport of suspended material even during a major tsunami. Since the largest aerial debris flow observed along the east coast of Taiwan during the last 4 ka was synchronous with the marine deposit, our preferred scenario starts with the occurrence of four distinct large earthquakes within less than a century, triggering both submarine and aerial landslides in the study area. Then, a giant typhoon reworked the nearshore material as well as the slided material stored upstream resulting in a debris flow. It deeply modified the surface current, allowing the wood debris and shells to fastly reach the core site.
ISSN: 0040-1951

hal-01467640
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01467640
DOI : 10.1016/j.tecto.2015.11.001

Éditeur(s) : Wiley-blackwell Publishing, Inc
Résumé : Seagrasses structure some of the world's key coastal ecosystems presently in decline due to human activities and global change. The ability to cope with environmental changes and the possibilities for shifts in distribution range depend largely on their evolvability and dispersal potential. As large-scale data usually show strong genetic structure for seagrasses, finer-grained work is needed to understand the local processes of dispersal, recruitment and colonization that could explain the apparent lack of exchange across large distances. We aimed to assess the fine-grained genetic structure of one of the most important and widely distributed seagrasses, Zostera marina, from seven meadows in Brittany, France. Both classic population genetics and network analysis confirmed a pattern of spatial segregation of polymorphism at both regional and local scales. One location exhibiting exclusively the variety 'angustifolia' did not appear more differentiated than the others, but instead showed a central position in the network analysis, confirming the status of this variety as an ecotype. This phenotypic diversity and the high allelic richness at nine microsatellites (2.33-9.67 alleles/locus) compared to levels previously reported across the distribution range, points to Brittany as a centre of diversity for Z. marina at both genetic and phenotypic levels. Despite dispersal potential of several 100 m, a significant pattern of genetic differentiation, even at fine-grained scale, revealed 'genetic patchiness'. Meadows seem to be composed of a mosaic of clones with distinct origins in space and time, a result that calls into question the accuracy of the concept of populations for such partially clonal species.
Molecular Ecology (0962-1083) (Wiley-blackwell Publishing, Inc), 2010-06 , Vol. 19 , N. 12 , P. 2394-2407

Droits : 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00006/11690/8499.pdf
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04649.x
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00006/11690/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Résumé : International audience
This paper presents a synthetic view of the geodynamic evolution of the Zagros orogen within the frame of the Arabia-Eurasia collision. The Zagros orogen and the Iranian plateau preserve a record of the long-standing convergence history between Eurasia and Arabia across the Neo-Tethys, from subduction/obduction processes to present-day collision (from ~ 150 to 0 Ma). We herein combine the results obtained on several geodynamic issues, namely the location of the oceanic suture zone, the age of oceanic closure and collision, the magmatic and geochemical evolution of the Eurasian upper plate during convergence (as testified by the successive Sanandaj-Sirjan, Kermanshah and Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arcs), the P-T-t history of the few Zagros blueschists, the convergence characteristics across the Neo-Tethys (kinematic velocities, tomographic constraints, subduction zones and obduction processes), together with a survey of recent results gathered by others. We provide lithospheric-scale reconstructions of the Zagros orogen from ~ 150 to 0 Ma across two SW-NE transects. The evolution of the Zagros orogen is also compared to those of the nearby Turkish and Himalayan orogens. In our geotectonic scenario for the Zagros convergence, we outline three main periods/regimes: (1) the Mid to Late Cretaceous (115-85 Ma) corresponds to a distinctive period of perturbation of subduction processes and interplate mechanical coupling marked by blueschist exhumation and upper-plate fragmentation, (2) the Paleocene-Eocene (60-40 Ma) witnesses slab break-off, major shifts in arc magmatism and distributed extension within the upper plate, and (3) from the Oligocene onwards (~ 30-0 Ma), collision develops with a progressive SW migration of deformation and topographic build-up (Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone: 20-15 Ma, High Zagros: ~12-8 Ma; Simply Folded Belt: 5-0 Ma) and with partial slab tear at depths (~10 Ma to present). Our reconstructions underline the key role played by subduction throughout the whole convergence history. We finally stress that such a long-lasting subduction system with changing boundary conditions also makes the Zagros orogen an ideal natural laboratory for subduction processes.
ISSN: 0016-7568

insu-00616582
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00616582
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00616582/document
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00616582/file/692.full.pdf
DOI : 10.1017/S001675681100046X

Éditeur(s) : Springer
Résumé : Based on new multibeam bathymetric data, seismic-reflection profiles and side-scan sonar images, a great number of submarine failures of various types and sizes was identified along the northern margin of the Ligurian Basin and characterized with 3 distinct end-members concerning their location on the margin, sedimentary processes and possible triggering mechanisms. They include superficial landslides mainly located in the vicinity of the main mountain-supplied rivers and on the inner walls of canyons (typically smaller that 10(8) m(3) in volume: Type 1), deep scars 100-500 m high along the base of the continental slope (Type 2), and large-scale scars and Mass Transport Deposits (MTDs) affecting the upper part of the slope (Type 3 failures). The MTDs are located in different environmental contexts of the margin, including the deep Var Sedimentary Ridge (VSR) and the upper part of the continental slope in the Gulf of Genova (Finale Slide and Portofino Slide), with volumes of missing sediment reaching up to 1.5 x 10(9) m(3). High sedimentation rates related to hyperpycnal flows, faults and earthquake activity, together with sea-level fluctuations are the main factors invoked to explain the distribution and sizes of these different failure types.
Marine Geophysical Research (0025-3235) (Springer), 2011-03 , Vol. 32 , N. 1-2 , P. 225-243

Droits : Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00043/15387/14028.pdf
DOI:10.1007/s11001-011-9123-3
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00043/15387/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : Different types of fractures and fault rocks occur within the major normal fault zones bordering the NW of the Neogene Penedes basin (NE Spain). In the southwest part of the basin, the main fault is the Baix Penedes fault that places the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous dolomicrites of the footwall in contact with the Miocene siliciclastic sediments of the hangingwall. Within the footwall damage zone, different fracture systems and their respective associated breccias and cements have been recognized. Using a combination of structural, petrologic and geochemical analyses, we show that these fracture systems evolved from mainly tectonic to mainly karstic features during the progressive development and upward propagation of the fault. The earlier fractures and associated breccias represent the initial stages of the fault propagation, when the process zone formed around the fault tip was dominated by dilatant fracturing (fractures 1 and dilatant breccias B1). The fluid involved in this early deformation precipitated the dolomite cement Cl, in equilibrium with the host-rock in a closed hydrogeological system. Localization of frictional processes generated cataclasites and ultracataclasites along distinct second-order faults (fractures 2). In these fractures, the dolomite cement C2 precipitated in relation to the incipient opening of the hydrological system to percolating meteoric waters. The later fractures and associated breccias represent the late stages of the fault propagation. These structures (fractures 3, fractures 4 and the dilatant breccias B2) were formed when the extensional deformation reached the surface, resulting in an increasingly open hydrogeological system. At these stages, deposition of the dolomitic sediment DS and precipitation of the calcite cements C3, C4 and C5 show the circulation of freshwaters in a vadose meteoric environment, i.e. in karstic conditions.
ISSN: 0375-6742

hal-00512690
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00512690
DOI : 10.1016/j.gexplo.2009.11.010