Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Armand Colin
Résumé : International audience
Located in the heart of the Maritimes in Southeast New Brunswick, Moncton has the highest concentration of Acadians in any urban setting in Canada. Over the years, Acadians have increasingly become part of the New Brunswick society. They have greatly contributed to Moncton's development through the creation of genuine Acadian institutions in the educational and financial sectors, which, as a result, have modified the spatio-linguistic configuration and the cultural identity of the place. This new reality has been the object of a series of spatiotemporal analyses using the Geographic Information System (GIS); they show that the dynamics of the Francophone and Anglophone populations in the agglomeration's different sectors lead to the creation of some isolated linguistic groupings. And that unlike the situation in other regions of New Brunswick, the assimilation process of the French-speaking Acadians into the Anglophone majority has slowed down in the Greater Moncton over the course of thelast few years. These transformations point out to the crucial role of the Universite de Moncton as an educational, cultural and even political nexus for the Acadians in the Greater Moncton, as well as in the Maritime provinces in general.
Située au cœur des Maritimes, dans le sud-est du Nouveau-Brunswick, l'agglomération du Grand Moncton est la région urbaine canadienne qui présente la plus forte concentration d'Acadiens français. Au fil des années, ces derniers furent plus présents dans la société néo-brunswickoise contribuant grandement au développement de Moncton à travers la création d'institutions acadiennes dans le domaine de l'éducation et des services financiers. Les transformations dues à l'émergence d'une influence acadienne modifient la configuration géographique et l'identité culturelle de l'espace en question. Cette réalité apparente fait l'objet d'une série d'analyses spatio-temporelles à l'aide des Systèmes d'Information Géographique (SIG); ces analyses montrent d'abord que la dynamique des populations francophone et anglophone a tendance à créer certains îlots linguistiques tandis que ralentit le processus généralisé d'assimilation des Acadiens à la majorité anglophone dans l'agglomération du Grand Moncton. Ces transformations mettent en évidence le rôle de l'Université de Moncton comme centre d'attraction éducationnel, culturel et même politique pour les Acadiens de Moncton en particulier et des Provinces maritimes en général.
ISSN: 0003-4010

hal-01413577
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01413577
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01413577/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01413577/file/2002%20Transformation%20marquante.pdf
DOI : 10.3406/geo.2002.1659

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Physiological Society
Résumé : International audience
Interleukin (IL)-33 is crucially involved in liver pathology and drives hepatoprotective functions. However, the regulation of IL-33 by cytokines of the IL-6 family, including oncostatin M (OSM) and IL-6, is not well studied. The aim of the present study was to determine whether OSM mediates regulation of IL-33 expression in liver cells. Intramuscular administration in mice of an adenovirus encoding OSM (AdOSM) leads to increase in expression of OSM in muscles, liver, and serum of AdOSM-infected mice compared with control mice. The increase of circulating OSM markedly regulated mRNA of genes associated with blood vessel biology, chemotaxis, cellular death, induction of cell adhesion molecules, and the alarmin cytokine IL-33 in liver. Steady-state IL-33 mRNA was upregulated by OSM at an early phase (8 h) following AdOSM infection. At the protein level, the expression of IL-33 was significantly induced in liver endothelial cells [liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) and vascular endothelial cells] with a peak at 8 days post-AdOSM infection in mice. In addition, we found OSM-stimulated human microvascular endothelial HMEC-1 cells and human LSEC/TRP3 cells showed a significant increase in expression of IL-33 mRNA in a dose-dependent manner in cell culture. The OSM-mediated overexpression of IL-33 was associated with the activation/enrichment of CD4(+)ST2(+) cells in liver of AdOSM-infected mice compared with adenovirus encoding green fluorescent protein-treated control mice. In summary, these data suggest that the cytokine OSM regulates the IL-33 expression in liver endothelial cells in vivo and in HMEC-1/TRP3 cells in vitro and may specifically expand the target CD4(+)ST2(+) cells in liver
ISSN: 0193-1857

hal-01220632
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01220632
DOI : 10.1152/ajpgi.00398.2014
PUBMED : 26251474

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Universites de L'ouest
Résumé : International audience
As a French rural department with a small proportion of visitors, the department of the Vienne launched an ambitions development of tourism on the early 90's. The exploitation of this new economic sector is based on the creation of the theme park of the Futuroscope which is situated a few kilometres away from the town of Poitiers. It is from this centre, which now receives over three million visitors each year, that the Department intends to develop half of its territory with its countryside then looked on as an hinterland against this centre of tourism attraction.
Département rural faiblement fréquenté, la Vienne a entrepris un développement touristique ambitieux au début des années 90. La mise en valeur de ce nouveau secteur économique repose sur la création du parc d'attraction du Futuroscope implanté à quelques kilomètres de Poitiers. C'est à partir de ce rôle qui reçoit désormais plus de trois millions de visieurs par an que le Département entend aménager la totalité de son territoire, les campagnes de la Vienne faisant alors figure d'arrière-pays vis-à-vis de cette nouvelle centralité touristique.
ISSN: 0029-182X

hal-01406635
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01406635
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01406635/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01406635/file/noroi_0029-182x_1998numéro 179_1_6894.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Chronic liver damage due to viral or chemical agents leads to a repair process resulting in hepatic fibrosis. Fibrosis may lead to cirrhosis, which may progress to liver cancer or a loss of liver function, with an associated risk of liver failure and death. Chlordecone is a chlorinated pesticide used in the 1990s. It is not itself hepatotoxic, but its metabolism in the liver triggers hepatomegaly and potentiates hepatotoxic agents. Chlordecone is now banned, but it persists in soil and water, resulting in an ongoing public health problem in the Caribbean area. We assessed the probable impact of chlordecone on the progression of liver fibrosis in the population of contaminated areas, by developing a mouse model of chronic co-exposure to chlordecone and a hepatotoxic agent, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). After repeated administrations of chlordecone and CCl4 by gavage over a 12-week period, we checked for liver damage in the exposed mice, by determining serum liver transaminase (AST, ALT) levels, histological examinations of the liver and measuring the expression of genes encoding extracellular matrix components. The co-exposure of mice to CCl4 and chlordecone resulted in significant increases in ALT and AST levels. Chlordecone also increased expression of the Col1A2, MMP-2, TIMP-1 and PAI-1 genes in CCl4-treated mice. Finally, we demonstrated, by quantifying areas of collagen deposition and alpha-SMA gene expression, that chlordecone potentiated the hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl4. In conclusion, our data suggest that chlordecone potentiates hepatic fibrosis in mice with CCl4-induced chronic liver injury
ISSN: 0378-4274

hal-01274228
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01274228
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01274228/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01274228/file/Chlordecone%20potentiates%20hepatic%20fibrosis%20%281%29.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.02.005

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : The intensification of the hydrological cycle, with an observed and modeled increase in drought incidence and severity, underscores the need to quantify drought effects on carbon cycling and the terrestrial sink. FLUXNET, a global network of eddy covariance towers, provides dense data streams of meteorological data, and through flux partitioning and gap filling algorithms, estimates of net ecosystem productivity (FNEP), gross ecosystem productivity (P), and ecosystem respiration (R). We analyzed the functional relationship of these three carbon fluxes relative to evaporative fraction (EF), an index of drought and site water status, using monthly data records from 238 micrometeorological tower sites distributed globally across 11 biomes. The analysis was based on relative anomalies of both EF and carbon fluxes and focused on drought episodes by biome and climatic season. Globally P was ≈50% more sensitive to a drought event than R. Network-wide drought-induced decreases in carbon flux averaged −16.6 and −9.3 g C m−2 month−1 for P and R, i.e., drought events induced a net decline in the terrestrial sink. However, in evergreen forests and wetlands drought was coincident with an increase in P or R during parts of the growing season. The most robust relationships between carbon flux and EF occurred during climatic spring for FNEP and in climatic summer for P and R. Upscaling flux sensitivities to a global map showed that spatial patterns for all three carbon fluxes were linked to the distribution of croplands. Agricultural areas exhibited the highest sensitivity whereas the tropical region had minimal sensitivity to drought. Combining gridded flux sensitivities with their uncertainties and the spatial grid of FLUXNET revealed that a more robust quantification of carbon flux response to drought requires additional towers in all biomes of Africa and Asia as well as in the cropland, shrubland, savannah, and wetland biomes globally.
ISSN: 1354-1013

hal-01032076
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032076
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01991.x

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Université des Antilles
Résumé : International audience
ISSN: 1779-0980

hal-01624745
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01624745
DOI : 10.4000/etudescaribeennes.1413

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
ISSN: 2047-217X

hal-01429002
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01429002
DOI : 10.1186/s13742-016-0118-5

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
Hepatocyte death is a central event during liver disease progression, in which immune cells play key roles by activating members of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily (TNFRSF), including TNFR1 (TNFRSF1A), Fas (TNFRSF6) and TRAIL-R2 (TNFRSF10B). Receptor Interacting Protein Kinase 1 (RIPK1) emerged as a signaling node downstream of these receptors. In the case of TNFR1, RIPK1 has been demonstrated to paradoxically serve as a scaffold to promote the survival of hepatocytes and as a kinase to kill them. To evaluate whether RIPK1 also protects hepatocytes from death in response to FasL or TRAIL, we took advantage of liver parenchymal cell-specific Ripk1 knockout mice (Ripk1 (LPC-KO)). We found that Ripk1 (LPC-KO) mice, as well as primary hepatocytes derived from them, were more susceptible to Fas-mediated apoptosis than their respective WT counterparts. Fas-induced hepatocyte death was independent of TNF-α signaling. Interestingly, while TRAIL administration did not induce hepatitis in Ripk1 (LPC-KO) mice or in their WT counterparts, its combination with IFN-γ only induced TNF-α dependent apoptosis in the Ripk1 (LPC-KO) mice. Together, our data demonstrate the protective role of RIPK1 downstream of Fas and highlight the general protective function of RIPK1 in hepatocytes exposed to inflammatory conditions, where TNF-α, FasL and/or TRAIL are present.
ISSN: 2045-2322

hal-01579612
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01579612
DOI : 10.1038/s41598-017-09789-8
PUBMED : 28835677

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
EAM-GIS
Schoelcher, Martinique

hal-01634314
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01634314

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD "Giornale Italiano della Ricerca Educativa - Italian Journal of Educational Research".
Résumé : International audience
The aim of this research is to try to explain beliefs of teachers in favour of student retention, beginning with their psycho-pedagogical beliefs in other areas: learning, intelligence, assessment, principle of justice. A questionnaire was administered to 112 primary teachers of the Belgium French. The responses have been processed through factor analysis to construct and validate metric scales. Then, using regression equations, we have tried to predict beliefs about student retention using other categories of beliefs. Finally, we conducted cluster analyses in order to identify groups of teachers, distinguishable by the nature of their beliefs. Two major results emerge from these analyses. On the one hand, it appears that the awareness of research on the effects of repetition influences teachers’ beliefs about this practice. On the other hand, contrary to our assumptions, the other categories of beliefs do not seem to affect teachers’ beliefs about student retention. These results are discussed in relation to the classical theories postulating that beliefs and social representations are organized into a system.
ISSN: 2038-9744

hal-01532840
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01532840

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The aim was to identify patterns of work organization characteristics using data from epidemiological surveillance program of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) implemented in the Pays de la Loire region between 2002 and 2005. A total of 3710 workers were included and completed a administered questionnaire including 16 organizational variables. Ascendant hierarchical clustering (AHC) of organizational variables and AHC of workers had identified five patterns of work organization characteristics: technical constraints and weak decision latitude; internal/external demand and mean decision latitude; weak pace constraints and mean decision latitude; internal/external demand and high decision latitude; weak pace constraints and high decision latitude. Relationships with MSD diagnosed by occupational physicians were then studied.
The specific health programs (SHP) are one of the four mechanisms of prevention planned by the Health and Safety at work Law in the province of Quebec. If the Law appoints only a responsible doctor, it is in reality Health at work teams (HWT) that develop these SHP. In this communication, based on the model of the working situation and the diagram of inter professional practices of collaboration, we study the practices of inter professional collaboration (CIP) in the HWT. The observed practices vary between independent practices, in parallel, of consultation, of dialogue and in shared services. Formalization of the teams, coordination of communication, leadership, respect and professional identities influence particularly the practices of CIP.
L’objectif était d’identifier des patterns de caractéristiques d'organisation du travail à partir des données du programme de surveillance épidémiologique des troubles musculo-squelettiques (TMS) mis en œuvre dans les Pays de la Loire entre 2002 et 2005. Au total, 3 710 salariés ont été inclus et ont répondu à un questionnaire comportant notamment 16 variables organisationnelles. Une classification ascendante hiérarchique (CAH) des variables organisationnelles puis une CAH des salariés ont permis d’identifier cinq patterns de caractéristiques d’organisation du travail : contraintes techniques et faible latitude décisionnelle ; demande interne/externe et latitude décisionnelle moyenne ; faibles contraintes de rythme et latitude décisionnelle moyenne ; demande externe/interne et forte latitude décisionnelle ; faibles contraintes de rythme et forte latitude décisionnelle. Les associations avec les TMS diagnostiqués par des médecins du travail ont ensuite été étudiées.
Actes du 50ème congrès de la Société d'Ergonomie de Langue Française
Paris, France

halshs-01307785
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01307785

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
3rd International Conference on Ecosystem Assessment Management (EAM) and Workshop on the Construction of an Early Warning Platform for Eco-Tourism
Hainan, China

hal-01640999
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01640999

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
Exposure to environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as benzo(a) pyrene (B(a) P), has been linked to several health-threatening risks. PAHs were also shown to hinder adrenergic receptor (ADR) responses. As we previously demonstrated that Ba) P can directly interact with the beta 2ADR, we investigated here whether B(a) P could decrease beta 2ADR responsiveness by triggering receptor desensitization phenomena. We firstly showed that exposure to B(a) P reduced beta 2ADRmediated epinephrine-induced induction of NR4A gene mRNAs and of intracellular cAMP. Analysis of beta 2ADR protein expression demonstrated that B(a) P rapidly decreased membrane expression of beta 2ADR with a subsequent degradation of receptor protein. B(a) P exposure concomitantly rapidly increased the beta 2ADR mRNA levels. The use of the beta-blockers, propranolol and ICI 118.551, demonstrated the involvement of beta 2ADR itself in this increase. However, sustained exposure to Ba) P induced a diminution of beta 2ADR mRNA steady-state as a result of the acceleration of its degradation. Together, these results show that, beside the well-known activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, PAH deleterious effects may involve the dysfunction of adrenergic responses through, in part, the desensitization of beta 2ADR. This may be taken in consideration when beta 2-agonists/antagonists are administered in patients exposed to important concentrations of PAHs, e.g. in cigarette smokers.
ISSN: 2045-2322

hal-01560151
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01560151
DOI : 10.1038/s41598-017-03646-4
PUBMED : 28607424

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01625478

hal-01625478
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01625478

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Island Tourism Sustainable Perspectives
Schoelcher, Martinique

hal-01641006
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01641006

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : Ethnopharmacological relevance: Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis are neglected tropical diseases that occur in all intertropical regions of the world. Amazonian populations have developed an abundant knowledge of the disease and its remedies. Therefore, we undertook to review traditional antileishmanial plants in Amazonia and have developed new tools to analyze this somewhat dispersed information.Material and methods: A literature review of traditional remedies for cutaneous/mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in the Amazon was conducted and the data obtained was used to calculate distribution indexes designed to highlight the most relevant uses in Amazonia. The cultural distribution index represents the distribution rate of a given taxon among different cultural groups and was calculated as the ratio of the number of groups using the taxon to the total number of groups cited. The geographical distribution index allowed us to quantify spatial distribution of a taxon's uses in Amazonia and was calculated geometrically by measuring the average distance between the points where uses have been reported and the barycenter of those points. The general distribution index was defined as an arithmetic combination of the previous two and provides information on both cultural and spatial criteria.Results: 475 use reports, concerning 291 botanical species belonging to 83 families have been gathered depicted from 29 sources. Uses concern 34 cultural groups. While the use of some taxa appears to be Pan Amazonian, some others are clearly restricted to small geographical regions. Particular attention has been paid to the recipes and beliefs surrounding treatments. Topical application of the remedies dominated the other means of administration and this deserves particular attention as the main treatments against Neotropical leishmaniasis are painful systemic injections. The data set was analyzed using the previously defined distribution indexes and the most relevant taxa were further discussed from a phytochemical and pharmacological point of view.Conclusions: The Amazonian biodiversity and cultural heritage host a fantastic amount of data whose systematic investigation should allow a better large-scale understanding of the dynamics of traditional therapies and the consequent discovery of therapeutic solutions for neglected diseases. Distribution indices are indeed powerful tools for emphasizing the most relevant treatments against a given disease and should be very useful in the meta-analysis of other regional pharmacopeia. This focus on renowned remedies that have not yet benefitted from extended laboratory studies, could stimulate future research on new treatments of natural origin for leishmaniasis.
ISSN: 0378-8741

hal-01603285
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01603285
DOI : 10.1016/j.jep.2017.01.048
PRODINRA : 401890

Éditeur(s) : La Habana : Imprenta "El siglo XX"

Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Institut des Hautes Études de l'Amérique latine, Bibliothèque Pierre-Monbeig
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/IHE14023
IHE14023

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD LET-OTELO
Résumé : International audience
Localisée à une centaine de kilomètre de l'extrémité méridionale de la péninsule coréenne,l'île de Cheju a connu un développement touristique récent et rapide. Ce territoire insulaire est sorti d'un séculaire isolement pour s'ouvrir sur l'économie mondiale. Avant d'aborder les mécanismes de la mise en tourisme de Chejudo, il convient de préciser que la nouvelle organisation territoriale qui découle de cette dernière fonction du territoire s'inscrit dans un contexte historique particulièrement chargé...
La mise en tourisme des lieux et des espaces, processus, périodisations et variations régionales

hal-01406750
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01406750
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01406750/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01406750/file/2001%20Chejudo%20l%27histoire%20d%27un%20tourisme%20insulaire%20en%20mer%20de%20chine.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
Background: During the last decade, French Guiana has been affected by major dengue fever outbreaks. Although this arbovirus has been a focus of many awareness campaigns, very little information is available about beliefs, attitudes and behaviors regarding vector-borne diseases among the population of French Guiana. During the first outbreak of the chikungunya virus, a quantitative survey was conducted among high school students to study experiences, practices and perceptions related to mosquito-borne diseases and to identify socio-demographic, cognitive and environmental factors that could be associated with the engagement in protective behaviors. Methodology/Principal Findings: A cross-sectional survey was administered in May 2014, with a total of 1462 students interviewed. Classrooms were randomly selected using a two-stage selection procedure with cluster samples. A multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) associated with a hierarchical cluster analysis and with an ordinal logistic regression was performed. Chikungunya was less understood and perceived as a more dreadful disease than dengue fever. The analysis identified three groups of individual protection levels against mosquito-borne diseases: “low” (30%), “moderate” (42%) and “high” (28%)”. Protective health behaviors were found to be performed more frequently among students who were female, had a parent with a higher educational status, lived in an individual house, and had a better understanding of the disease. Conclusions/Significance: This study allowed us to estimate the level of protective practices against vector-borne diseases among students after the emergence of a new arbovirus. These results revealed that the adoption of protective behaviors is a multi-factorial process that depends on both sociocultural and cognitive factors. These findings may help public health authorities to strengthen communication and outreach strategies, thereby increasing the adoption of protective health behaviors, particularly in high-risk populations. © 2016 Fritzell et al.
ISSN: 1935-2727

hal-01467556
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01467556
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005081
PUBMED : 27802275

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford Journals
Résumé : International audience
Background - Several studies have investigated the implication of biological and environmental factors on geographic variations of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) incidence at large area scales, but none of them assessed the implication of neighbourhood characteristics (healthcare supply, socio-economic level and urbanization degree) on spatial repartition of ESRD. We evaluated the spatial implications of adjustment for neighbourhood characteristics on the spatial distribution of ESRD incidence at the smallest geographic unit in France.Methods - All adult patients living in Bretagne and beginning renal replacement therapy during the 2004–09 period were included. Their residential address was geocoded at the census block level. Each census block was characterized by socio-economic deprivation index, healthcare supply and rural/urban typology. Using a spatial scan statistic, we examined whether there were significant clusters of high risk of ESRD incidence.Results - The ESRD incidence was non-randomly spatially distributed, with a cluster of high risk in the western Bretagne region (relative risk, RR = 1.28, P-value = 0.0003). Adjustment for sex, age and neighbourhood characteristics induced cluster shifts. After these adjustments, a significant cluster (P = 0.013) persisted.Conclusions - Our spatial analysis of ESRD incidence at a fine scale, across a mixed rural/urban area, indicated that, beyond age and sex, neighbourhood characteristics explained a great part of spatial distribution of ESRD incidence. However, to better understand spatial variation of ESRD incidence, it would be necessary to research and adjust for other determinants of ESRD.
Clinical Kidney Journal

hal-01118626
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01118626
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01118626/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01118626/file/Spatial%20distribution%20of%20end-stage%20renal%20disease.pdf
DOI : 10.1093/ckj/sfu131