Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The strikingly complex structural organization of the mammalian testis in vivo creates particular difficulties for studies of its organization, function and regulation. These difficulties are particularly pronounced for investigations of the molecular communication networks within the seminiferous tubules that govern spermatogenesis. The use of classical molecular and cell biology approaches to unravel this complexity has proved problematic, due to difficulties in maintaining differentiated germ cells in vitro, in particular. The lack of a suitable testing ground has led to a greater reliance on high-quality proteomic and genomic analyses as a prelude to the in vitro antx1d in vivo testing of hypotheses. In this study, we highlight the options currently available for research, as used in our laboratory, in which proteomic and integrative genomic strategies are applied to the study of spermatogenesis in mammals. We will comment on results providing insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying normal and pathological spermatogenesis and new perspectives for the treatment of male infertility in humans. Finally, we will discuss the relevance of our strategies and the unexpected potential and perspectives they offer to teams involved in the study of male reproduction, within the framework of the Human Proteome Project. SIGNIFICANCE: Integrative genomics is becoming a powerful strategy for discovering the biological significance hidden in proteomic datasets. This work introduces some of the integrative genomic concepts and works used by our team to gain new insight into mammalian spermatogenesis, a remarkably sophisticated process. We demonstrate the relevance of these integrative approaches to understand the cellular cross talks established between the somatic Sertoli cells and the germ cell lineage, within the seminiferous epithelium. Our work also contributes to new knowledge on the pathophysiology of testicular function, with promising clinical applications. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 20years of Proteomics in memory of Viatliano Pallini. Guest Editors: Luca Bini, Juan J. Calvete, Natacha Turck, Denis Hochstrasser and Jean-Charles Sanchez.
ISSN: 1874-3919

hal-01063931
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01063931
DOI : 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.04.013
PUBMED : 24751586

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : Key message Molecular markers were used for paternity recovery in a maritime pine (Pinus pinasterAit.) polycross trial, facilitating forward selection. Different breeding strategies for seed orchard establishment were evaluated by comparing genetic gains and diversity. This work opens up new perspectives in maritime pine breeding.Context Polycross mating designs are widely used in forest tree breeding to evaluate parental breeding values for backward selection. Alternatively, polycross progeny trials may be used to select the best trees on the basis of individual breeding values and molecular pedigree analysis.Aims This study aimed to test such a forward selection strategy for the maritime pine breeding program.Methods In a maritime pine polycross trial, progeny with higher breeding values for growth and stem straightness was first preselected with or without relatedness constraints. After paternity recovery, the preselected trees were ranked on the basis of their breeding values, estimated from the recovered full pedigree. Finally, the best candidates were selected with three different strategies (forward, backward, mixed) and three levels of coancestry constraints to establish a virtual clonal seed orchard.Results Complete pedigrees were successfully recovered for most of the preselected trees. There was no major difference in expected genetic gains between the two preselection strategies which differed for relatedness constraints. Genetic gains were slightly higher for forward selection than for classical backward selection.Conclusion This seminal study opens up new perspectives for using forward selection within the French maritime pine breeding program.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-01601804
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01601804
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0049990
PRODINRA : 391860

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Similarity-based diversity (Leinster and Cobbold 2012) encompasses classical measures of diversity, including the number of species, Shannon and Simpson diversity, and also phylogenetic and functional diversity. We derive two estimators to allow applying it to real, often under-sampled data, and its decomposition into alpha, beta and gamma diversity when an assemblage of communities is considered.
https://hal-agroparistech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00989454

hal-00989454
https://hal-agroparistech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00989454
https://hal-agroparistech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00989454v2/document

Éditeur(s) : Paris : Firmin Didot Frères

Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Archives territoriales de Guyane
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/GAD12001
GAD12001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
To study social health inequalities, contextual data may constitute an appropriate alternative to individual socioeconomic characteristics, often hard to retrieve. Indices can be used to summarize the multiple dimensions of the neighborhood socioeconomic status. The main objectives of this work are to develop a statistical procedure to create a neighborhood socioeconomic index and to investigate the influence of the clustering method of the deprivation index on the measure of health inequalities. Our study setting is composed of three major French metropolitan areas: Lille, Lyon and Marseille. The statistical unit is the French census block. The methodology uses several successive principal components analyses to select variables and create the index. Deprivation categories are drawn with hierarchical clustering on principal components. Twenty socioeconomic variables are selected in the neighborhood deprivation index. An optimal clustering obtained by HC is in three classes and the clusters are ordered along the first axis of the PCA.
SFDS - 44èmes journées de Statistique - 2012
Bruxelles, Belgium

hal-00734769
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00734769
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00734769/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00734769/file/submission_44.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Cet article étudie la distribution des moyennes générales annuelles et des moyennes annuelles en EPS, mathématiques, français, histoire-géographie et philosophie selon le sexe et l'orientation de genre de 499 lycéens et lycéennes. Ces derniers fréquentent un établissement obtenant de forts taux de réussite au baccalauréat général et se caractérisant par une population composée d'élèves provenant plutôt des classes favorisées que des milieux populaires. Nos résultats montrent que les élèves qui possèdent les traits "masculins", qu'ils soient garçons ou filles, réussissent globalement mieux que leurs camarades. Ainsi, les traits "masculins" seraient scolairement plus rentables dans cet établissement.
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01446074

hal-01446074
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01446074
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01446074/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01446074/file/Genre_discpilines_Moniotte_Poggi.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Based on the very recent work by Censor and Segal (2009), and inspired by Xu (2006), Zhao and Yang (2005) , and Bauschke and Combettes (2001), we introduce and analyze an algorithm for solving the split common fixed-point problem for the wide class of quasi-nonexpansive operators in Hilbert spaces. Our results improve and develop previously discussed feasibility problems and related algorithms.
ISSN: 0362-546X

hal-00776645
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00776645
DOI : 10.1016/j.na.2011.03.041

Éditeur(s) : Paris : Imprimerie royale
Extrait de : Précis de l'abolition de l'esclavage dans les colonies anglaises
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Provenance : Ville de Bordeaux. Bibliothèque municipale
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/BBX19047
BBX19047

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
We show first results of 3D simulation of sea currents in a realistic context. We use the full Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible viscous fluid. The problem is solved using a second order incremental projection method associated with the finite volume of the staggered (MAC) scheme for the spatial discretization. After validation on classical cases, it is used in a numerical simulation of the Pointe à Pitre harbour area. The use of the fictious domain method permits us to take into account the complexity of bathymetric data and allows us to work with regular meshes and thus preserves the efficiency essential for a 3D code.
ESAIM : Proceedings
Guidel, France

hal-00770270
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00770270
DOI : 10.1051/proc/201235025

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
BIOLOGICAL IDENTITY IS NOT ONLY GENETICAL IDENTITY : A CHALLENGE FOR A CITIZEN TEACHING. The 20 th century marked the success of the genetics. The beginning 21 th century is aware of the limits of the " all-genetics ". Nevertheless, the curricula of the secondary school are not yet modified in this way. The present work analyses the conceptions of 33 future Biology teachers, and analyses also, in 3 scholar textbooks (for pupils 16 years old), the chapters related to the notion of " biological identity ". The results show that this notion is reduced to the notion of " genetical program " , and associated with a model of linear causal determinism of the phenotype by the genotype. The scientific and citizen dangers of this model are discussed. The challenge is now to teach a new model with interactions between the genotype and its environment : the epigenesis, and particularly the cerebral epigenesis. KEYWORDS : Biology Education – Genetics – Genetical determinism – Phenotype – Cerebral epigenesis-Conceptions of teachers – Curricula – Scholar textbooks-RÉSUMÉ : Alors que le 20 ème siècle est celui du succès de la génétique, le 21 ème siècle s'ouvre avec la conscience des limites du " tout-génétique ". Cependant les programmes de Biologie au Lycée tardent à se modifier dans ce sens. Le présent travail analyse les conceptions de 33 futurs enseignants de Biologie, ainsi que, dans 3 manuels scolaires de la classe de Première S, les chapitres relatifs à la notion d'identité biologique. Il en ressort que celle-ci est limitée à la notion de programme génétique, avec un modèle de déterminisme causal linéaire du phénotype par le génotype.
Bioed2000 the challenge of the next century
Paris, France

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
hal-01620726
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01620726
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01620726/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01620726/file/clementforissierBioEd2001.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD IOS Press
Résumé : International audience
Recent work has used graphs to modelize expression data from microarray experiments, in view of partitioning the genes into clusters. In this paper, we introduce the use of a decomposition by clique separators. Our aim is to improve the classical clustering methods in two ways: first we want to allow an overlap between clusters, as this seems biologically sound, and second we want to be guided by the structure of the graph to define the number of clusters. We test this approach with a well-known yeast database (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Our results are good, as the expression profiles of the clusters we find are very coherent. Moreover, we are able to organize into another graph the clusters we find, and order them in a fashion which turns out to respect the chronological order defined by the the sporulation process.
ISSN: 1386-6338

hal-00521936
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00521936

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The analysis of field relationships between allochthonous crystalline slivers, ultramafic units and associated sedimentary cover in the high-pressure Schistes Lustrés units of northern Corsica allows reconstruction of the pre-orogenic architecture of a fossil Mesozoic Ocean-Continent Transition (OCT) of the Tethys basin. The studied area, encompassing the Serra di Pigno and Col de Téghime areas (Cap Corse) is composed of an assemblage of prealpine basement sheets made up of serpentinized mantle rocks, Permian gabbros and gneisses, locally associated with Paleozoic metabasites and micaschists. The sedimentary cover includes numerous intervals of calc-schists, marbles, quartzites, micaschists and dolomitic metabreccias yielding a great variety of lithostratigraphical successions. The metasedimentary sequences do not show affinities with the typical cover series of the Prépiémontais margin domains. This implies an origin from a more internal domain (oceanward) for the studied units. In addition, the sedimentary cover of the ultramafic basement units do not display the characters of the classical Alpine ophiolites but bear lithological features showing affinities with both continental and oceanic environments. We assume that the high variability of the sedimentary successions as well as the presence of a basement composed of continental and upper-mantle rocks is consistent with an origin at an OCT. The acidic basement slivers are regarded as former extensional allochthons of continental crust abandoned during breakup on a newly exhumed seafloor of peridotite composition. Such extensional allochthons, will then logically constitute the most internal continental slices buried at great depth during Alpine subduction. This work shows that a lot has to be expected from a revision of the Schistes Lustrés lithostratigraphy in the light of the new concepts of the evolution of the OCT domains.
ISSN: 0040-1951

hal-00795578
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00795578
DOI : 10.1016/j.tecto.2012.06.013

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : In this work on a complete transect of the west‐central Pyrenees, we combine low temperature thermochronology (apatite fission tracks, AFT) with a detailed structural analysis to describe vertical movements related to the thrusting system evolution, and to determine the influence of the latter on the sedimentation/burial/exhumation cycle of thesynorogenic deposits of the southern foreland basin (Jaca and Ainsa basins). AFT analysis from a transect of the south‐Pyrenean basin show the southward decrease of the fission track reset level from the southern edge of the Axial Zone to the South‐Pyreneanfrontal thrust, implying the southwards decrease of the burial amount from more than 5kmin the north to less than 3km in the south assuming an average geothermal gradient of 25°C.km‐1. The structural setting of the Jaca basin attests that the burial of the synorogenicsediments was mainly due to the sedimentary accumulation. AFT data from the northernpart of the basin display a late Oligocene‐early (middle) Miocene cooling event. Newinterpretation of industrial seismic reflection profiles across the Jaca basin suggests that the Oturia thrust is rooted in the Bielsa basement thrust, responsible for the early (‐middle) Miocene out‐of‐sequence tectonic reactivation of the southern flank of the Axial Zone (Jolivet et al., 2007). These results reveal a lower Miocene (Burdigalian ‐?Langhian) out‐of sequence episode of tectonic activity of the interior of the south‐Pyrenean foreland basin. AFT data from the Axial Zone and the North‐Pyrenean Zone confirm the general southwardmigration of the thrusting system, and also bring evidence of the late Oligocene‐lowe rMiocene out‐of‐sequence tectonic reactivation of the northern flank of the Axial Zone. All these results attest of a late Oligocene‐lower Miocene (Burdigalian‐?Langhian) "pop‐up" reactivation of the inner part of the west‐central Pyrenees, younger than the sealing of thesouth‐Pyrenean front (Aquitanian‐?Burdigalian) which is classically considered to mark the end of the Pyrenean compression. These results lead us to propose a new crustal scale evolution model of the west‐central Pyrenees in 3 stages: (i) From the Late Cretaceous to themiddle Eocene, the orogenic prism is characterised by the absence of relief, related to theinversion of Cretaceous extensional structures leading to the accretion of thin crustal units; (ii) The late Eocene‐Oligocene stage corresponds to the continental collision, marked by the creation of important relief associated with the accretion of thick crustal units; (iii) During the early Miocene, the inner part of the Pyrenean wedge is tectonically reactivated.
Ce travail de thèse concerne une transversale complète des Pyrénées centro-occidentales, où on a combiné la thermochronologie basse température (traces de fission sur apatites, TFA) avec une analyse structurale détaillée pour décrire les mouvements verticaux associés à l'évolution du système chevauchant, et pour déterminer l'influence de ce dernier sur le cycle sédimentation/enfouissement/exhumation des dépôts synorogéniques du bassin d'avant‐chaine sud (bassins de Jaca et Ainsa). L'analyse TFA complète les données déjà publiées dans la Zone Axiale et la Zone Nord‐Pyrénéenne, e tconstitue la première étude de ce genre dans un bassin d'avant‐chaîne pyrénéen. Les données TFA sur la transversale du bassin sud‐pyrénéen montrent une diminution vers le sud du degré d'effacement des traces de fission, traduisant la diminution vers le sud de la quantité d'enfouissement, supérieure à 5 km au nord et inférieure à 3 km au sud dans l'hypothèse un géotherme de 25°.km‐1. Le contexte géologique montre que l'enfouissement est principalement lié à l'accumulation des dépôts synorogéniques. Les données TFA de lapartie nord du bassin montrent un refroidissement d'âge Oligocène supérieur‐Miocèneinferieur (moyen). Par ailleurs, une nouvelle interprétation de profils de sismiques réflexiondans le bassin de Jaca montre que le chevauchement d'Oturia s'enracine dans lechevauchement de socle de Bielsa, responsable de l'exhumation tectonique hors‐séquencedu bord sud de la Zone Axiale au Miocène inférieur (‐moyen) (Jolivet et al., 2007). Cesrésultats attestent donc de l'exhumation tectonique hors‐séquence au Miocène inférieur (Burdigalien‐ ?Langhien) de la partie nord du bassin d'avant‐chaine sud‐pyrénéen. Des données TFA obtenues dans la Zone Axiale et la Zone Nord‐Pyrénéenne confirment lamigration générale vers le sud du système chevauchant, et mettent également en évidencela réactivation tectonique hors‐séquence du bord nord de la Zone Axiale à l'Oligocèneterminal‐Miocène inférieur. L'ensemble de ces résultats atteste donc de la réactivation en " pop‐up " de la parties interne des Pyrénées centre‐ouest à l'Oligocène supérieur‐Miocèneinférieur (Burdigalien‐ ?Langhien), postérieurement au scellement du front sud‐pyrénéen (Aquitanien‐ ?Burdigalien) classiquement considéré comme marquant la fin de lacompression pyrénéenne. Ces données nous ont permis de proposer un nouveau modèle d'évolution crustale des Pyrénées centro‐occidentales en 3 grandes étapes : (i) du Crétacé supérieur à l'Eocène moyen, le prisme est caractérisé par une absence de relief, en lien avec l'inversion de structures extensives crétacées conduisant à l'accrétion de petites écailles crustales ; (ii) la période Eocène supérieur‐Oligocène correspond à la collision continentale proprement dite, et est marquée par la création d'importants reliefs associés à l'accrétion d'épaisses unités crustales ; (iii) au Miocène inférieur, la partie interne du prisme pyrénéen est réactivée.
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00772154

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
tel-00772154
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00772154
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00772154/document
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00772154/file/thesemeresse.pdf

Éditeur(s) : Paris : Imprimerie royale
Extrait de : Précis de l'abolition de l'esclavage dans les colonies anglaises
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Provenance : Ville de Bordeaux. Bibliothèque municipale
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/BBX19044
BBX19044

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : We extend classical results from the Colombeau algebra, concerning point-value characterizations of generalized functions, to the more general case of multi-parameter (C,E,P)-algebras. Our investigations include considerations about different definitions of subspaces related to tempered generalized functions.
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00761114

hal-00761114
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00761114
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00761114/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00761114/file/DT2010-05_Hasler_Marti.pdf

Éditeur(s) : Paris : J. Lecoffre : Guillaumin
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Collectivité territoriale de Guyane. Bibliothèque Alexandre-Franconie
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/FRA11112
FRA11112

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : We introduce a general context involving a presheaf A and a subpresheaf B of A. We show that all previously considered cases of local analysis of generalized functions (defined from duality or algebraic techniques) can be interpretated as the B-local analysis of sections of A. But the microlocal analysis of the sections of sheaves or presheaves under consideration is dissociated into a "frequential microlocal analysis " and into a "microlocal asymptotic analysis". The frequential microlocal analysis based on the Fourier transform leads to the study of propagation of singularities under only linear (including pseudodifferential) operators in the theories described here, but has been extended to some non linear cases in classical theories involving Sobolev techniques. The microlocal asymptotic analysis can inherit from the algebraic structure of B some good properties with respect to nonlinear operations.
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00190006

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
hal-00190006
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00190006
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00190006/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00190006/file/Regularity-Local-Microlocal-Analysis5.pdf
ARXIV : 0711.3688

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Increasingly, health risk assessment is addressing multiple pathway exposures to multiple contaminants. We reviewed aggregated exposure and cumulative risk approaches for contemporary and ubiquitous semivolatile organic compounds (SVOC). We identified 22 studies aggregating exposure pathways, and 31 cumulating risk. Exposure aggregation is based on the addition of pathway-specific doses, using kinetic modeling where it exists, and classic external dose equations otherwise. In most cases, exposure is dominated by a single route or source of exposure - mainly the oral pathway - via dietary or non-dietary exposure. Preferential routes and sources of exposure are influenced by SVOC physical-chemical properties such as vapor pressure. The cumulative risk approach for contaminants is based on dose addition. Simple sum of hazard quotient (Hazard Index: HI) is the most commonly used cumulative risk assessment approach, while Relative Potency Factor (RPF) appeared to the best suited - although this calls for a level of toxicological information that limits the number of compounds that can be studied simultaneously. Where both were performed, moving from HI to more refined approach produced similar results. In conclusion, both approaches - exposure aggregation and cumulative risk - rely on simple assumptions. Nevertheless, they allow uncertainty to be reduced, in comparison with source-by-source or chemical-by-chemical approaches.
Environmental Research

hal-01579608
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01579608
DOI : 10.1016/j.envres.2017.06.022
PUBMED : 28732321

Éditeur(s) : Paris : E. Guilmoto
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Ville de Pointe-à-Pitre. Réseau des bibliothèques
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/PAP11099
PAP11099

Résumé : L’historiographie antillaise n’a donné jusqu’ici qu’une vision tronquée de la société martiniquaise. L’appréhension de l’ère coloniale s’est très tôt autocentrée sur l’économie plantationnaire sucrière à moteur externe, mais cette dernière n’a guère occupée plus de la moitié de la population de l’île au XVIIIe et dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle. Pour une grande majorité, la masse laborieuse libre ou esclave se répartit entre les villes et les exploitations de type « secondaire ». A mesure de l’appréhension de l’univers caféier, un monde à part se profile dessinant une nouvelle catégorie sociale divergente de l’élite sucrière qui apparaissait jusqu’ici comme le modèle représentatif de la population blanche propriétaire terrienne. Une catégorie intermédiaire est mise en place mettant en relief un groupe caféier économiquement faible au mode de vie difficile, présentant des comportements matrimoniaux endogames aussi bien spatialement que socialement. Cette analyse révèle un corps social pluriel dans lequel les femmes, les libres de couleur, et avec l’abolition de l’esclavage les nouveaux libres tiennent une place de choix. Ce travail a l’avantage de combler un important vide historiographique en matière d’histoire sociale de la Martinique, ainsi que de renouveler le concept de société d’habitation à travers la mise en perspective d’une catégorie sociale jusque-là restée inaperçue.
The historiography of the Antilles to date has yielded only a limited vision of society in Martinique. The scientific works of the Colonial Era were egocentrically focused on the economy of sugar plantations, but this only covered a little over half of the population of the island in the eighteenth century and the first half of the nineteenth century. The other half of the working population, whether they were free or slaves, was divided between cities and secondary enterprises. As the coffee industry took root, a separate world emerged, diverging from the elite sugar plantation owners that represented the land-owning white population. This parallel society of economically disadvantaged small farmers and coffee growers, living a hard-working, difficult lifestyle, exhibited endogamous marriage behavior. This analysis highlights a multi-faceted social body in which women, free people of color, and, with the abolition of slavery, the new free hold a special role. On the other side of the barrier, the slaves also have a unique profile, they operate in small plantations on which opportunities for advancement are greater than in the large sugarcane plantations. This work fills an important gap in the social history of Martinique, as it reexamines the perception of the elite sugar plantation society via the perspective of a social class hitherto unnoticed.

http://www.theses.fr/2014AGUY0724